DE102019207389A1 - Method for the additive and / or generative production of a component and a motor vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for the additive and / or generative production of a component, in particular a 3D printing method, and a motor vehicle which comprises a component produced using the method according to the invention. The method for the additive and / or generative production of a component, in particular an additive 3D printing process in which a molding is essentially produced from particles of a metal powder (10) and / or a metal alloy powder. Furthermore, a flow aid (20) is added to the metal powder during or before the production of the molding, in order to reduce the forces of attraction (30) between adjacent particles of the metal powder (10) which act in an interparticle manner. In addition, a binder is added to the particles of the metal powder (10) and / or to the flow aid (20). After the molding has been produced, mechanically strong connections are formed between the particles of the metal powder (10) by introducing thermal energy into the molding. Such a mass of flow aid (20) is added to the metal powder that the total mass of the molding is less than 10% by weight, preferably less than 5% by weight, in particular less than 1% by weight, due to flow aid (20 ) is trained.

Description

The invention relates to a method for the additive and / or generative production of a component, in particular a 3D printing method, and a motor vehicle which comprises a component produced using the method according to the invention.

Generative and / or additive manufacturing processes represent a future technology in various areas, especially in the automotive industry. Processes such as binder jetting, an additive powder bed-based 3D printing process with a subsequent sintering process, offer the potential to be used in series production . For several reasons it is desirable to be able to use powders with particles with the smallest possible average grain size.

Smaller grain sizes make it possible to produce a molding and / or a component with higher mechanical strength, since the component can be built up with a higher density or a lower porosity during the production process. High mechanical strengths of the molded part are particularly necessary for large structural components and, with regard to the molded part as a whole, promote the process reliability of additive manufacturing itself. The common process options, such as setting the sintering parameters, only offer limited options for increasing the component density.

In addition to an increase in the mechanical strength of the molded part and / or component, the use of a smaller mean grain size of the powder opens up potential with regard to process cost optimization, since smaller grain sizes usually go hand in hand with higher sintering activities and / or offer the sintering temperature, with the same density. Alternatively, higher densities can be achieved at the same or lower temperatures and times.

Another aspect that justifies the interest in the use of small grain sizes is the endeavor to be able to produce finer component structures, especially inside the component, by means of additive processes. With binder jetting, for example, it is necessary to remove excess powder from the molding before sintering, without damaging the molding. The finer the component structures, the more time-consuming and costly the de-powdering process step. Typically, channels and recesses in a component that is produced by means of binder jetting are limited to a smallest clear dimension of 1 mm, especially in the case of complex component structures.

The smaller the mean grain size of a powder, the greater the effect of interparticle, adhesive forces of attraction between the individual particles on the flowability of the powder and the particles usually clump together, making it difficult to apply the powder evenly in one plane becomes or becomes impossible. There is consequently a great deal of interest in compensating for this disadvantage which is associated with the use of smaller grain sizes. The basic possibility of using flow aids in the form of nanoparticles in connection with 3D printing processes is known from the prior art.

In this regard, see the description too 1 referred to this application.

The DE 10 2016 000 435 A1 discloses a substance which is a mixture of a metal powder and a flow aid, the substance being applied to a carrier and being melted with a laser. In this way, a component is built up in layers from the substance and solidified using a three-dimensional laser printing process.

The document US 2017/0056138 A1 teaches a method for producing artificial teeth by means of a binder jetting process, in which the artificial tooth is built up in layers in a bed of ceramic particles by means of a binder and is then sintered. The DE US 2017/0056138 A1 in one embodiment that a flow aid can be added to the ceramic powder.

The US 2018/0236543 A1 teaches a method in which nanoparticles are used to coat particles of a powder bed in order to reduce the likelihood of defects or similar production errors in a component to be manufactured by means of binder jetting.

The present invention is based on the object of providing a method which enables the additive and / or generative manufacture of components in a simple, cost-effective and process-optimized manner.

The object is achieved according to the invention by a method for the additive and / or generative production of a component according to claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the method are shown in subclaims 2-9.

In addition, a motor vehicle according to claim 10 is provided which comprises at least one component produced according to the invention.

A first aspect of the invention is a method for the additive and / or generative production of a component, in particular an additive 3D printing method in which a molding is produced essentially from particles of a metal powder and / or a metal alloy powder. Furthermore, a flow aid is added to the metal powder during or before the production of the molding, in order to reduce the forces of attraction between adjacent particles of the metal powder which act interparticle. In addition, a binder is added to the particles of the metal powder and / or the flow aid. After the molding has been produced, material connections are formed between the particles of the metal powder by introducing thermal energy into the molding. Such a mass of flow aid is added to the metal powder that the total mass of the molding is less than 10% by weight, preferably less than 5% by weight, in particular less than 1% by weight, formed by flow aid.

Typically, the metal powder is a powder which essentially consists of iron and / or an iron alloy, steel and / or steel alloys, copper and / or a copper alloy, titanium and / or a titanium alloy, aluminum and / or an aluminum alloy, magnesium and / or magnesium alloys, nickel-based alloys, as well as gold, silver, bronze and their alloys. Combinations of several metals and / or metal alloys, as well as metals and / or metal alloys other than those mentioned, are not excluded. An application of the method using a powder based on plastic or ceramic particles as an alternative to a metal powder is likewise not fundamentally excluded.

In the following, instead of metal powder and / or metal alloy powder, only the term metal powder is used to explain the invention.

Between the particles, in particular between the particle surfaces of neighboring particles, of the metal powder, interparticle forces of attraction act, in particular physico-chemical forces acting adhesively, such as hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces and / or electrostatic forces. The smaller the particles, the stronger the said forces of attraction. In other words, as the particle size decreases, the particles of the metal powder tend to clump together to form aggregates, whereby in the context of the invention an aggregate is understood to mean a particle composite which is essentially formed via interparticle forces of attraction and essentially no cohesive mechanical connections between the Particles are formed.

The flow aid is to be understood as a substance which consists essentially of particles and is present as a powder or as a suspension. When it is added to the metal powder, the flow aid arranges itself on the surface of the particles of the metal powder. In particular, it is arranged between the particle surfaces of neighboring particles of the metal powder. The arrangement of the flow aid between the particles of the metal powder has the effect of reducing the interparticle-acting physico-chemical attractive forces between the neighboring particles of the metal powder. In other words, the tendency of the particles of the metal powder to clump to form aggregates is reduced and the flowability is thus improved.

In the method according to the invention, such a mass of flow aid is added to the metal powder that the total mass of the molding is less than 10% by weight, preferably less than 5% by weight, in particular less than 1% by weight, formed by the flow aid . % By weight denotes the proportion in percent by weight. In other words, the total mass of the molding is composed of at most 10% by weight of the flow aid and at least 90% by weight of metal powder and / or binder. The addition of the flow aid improves the flow properties and reduces the aggregation of the particles in the metal powder.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, less than 0.5% by weight, preferably less than 0.25% by weight of the flow aid, based on the mass of the molding, is added to the metal powder before it is applied. This means, for example, that in this case the total mass of the powder to be applied comprises more than 99.5% by weight of the metal powder and less than 0.5% by weight of the flow aid.

The data in percent by weight with the unit weight% can also be understood as data in mass percent with the unit Ma% or as a mass fraction with the unit%.

It cannot be ruled out that in the manufacturing process of a component, different flow aids are used in sections, which differ in their physicochemical properties. It is also possible to vary the mass of the flow aid to be applied in sections in the manufacturing process. This enables certain component properties to be expressed locally differently.

The method according to the invention is in particular a method based on the principle of binder jetting. Here, a metal powder, i.e. a shapeless material, is first applied as a layer. A so-called binder is then applied to the layer. The binder is applied or introduced into the areas of the powder layer in which the material is to be solidified in a later process step in order to form the component, in particular to stabilize and maintain the component shape. This process is repeated several times. In this way, a molding is first produced in layers. The primary function of the binder itself is to form the molding by means of adhesive forces until the component actually solidifies, or to hold the particles together in the shape of the component to be produced and to stabilize them mechanically to the extent that the molding can be fed to further processing steps without damage. The binder is usually removed from the molding before and / or during the solidification process of the component to be produced by means of the action of temperature, in particular by a debinding process.

A molding is to be understood here as a green compact or a green part. This is an intermediate product in an additive and / or generative manufacturing process, which is preferably manufactured by a directed application process, as is the case, for example, with binder jetting. In this case, it is not absolutely necessary to use a mold for building up the molding or green part.

Typically, a so-called de-powdering process takes place after the molding has been built up from the metal powder and, if necessary, a subsequent, in particular thermal, curing of the binder. This means that excess metal powder, that is not required for the formation of the component to be manufactured, is removed from the molded part. It is not excluded that mechanical energy, for example in the form of vibrations and / or compressed air, is introduced into the molding for the purpose of removing powder residues.

The input of thermal energy or the introduction of heat into the molding serves to form mechanical connections, in particular material connections, between the particles of the metal powder for the purpose of solidifying the component to be produced. After the heat treatment and the associated solidification or increase in strength, powder removal of non-solidified areas can still take place.

The thermal energy is typically introduced into the molding during a sintering process. For this purpose, the molding is placed in a corresponding sintering device, typically a sintering furnace, by means of which the required temperature is achieved. The sintering device can be designed both as a batch furnace and as a continuous furnace.

The particular advantage of the method according to the invention is a reduction in the tendency to aggregate or the clumping of particles of a metal powder or metal alloy powder through the use of a flow aid in the additive and / or generative manufacturing process. This enables the application of uniform and homogeneous powder layers, in particular when applying powders with a small average grain size, and leads to an increase in component quality, in particular when using powders with a small average grain size.

In one embodiment of the method according to the invention, the mean grain size of the particles of the metal powder is less than 20 μm, preferably less than 10 μm, particularly preferably less than 5 μm. For the purposes of the invention, the mean grain size is to be understood as meaning the d ₅₀ value or the median of a particle size distribution.

The mean grain size of a metal powder in the said grain size range is typically determined in accordance with DIN3405B2 by means of laser diffraction, dynamic image analysis, dry sieving and / or image recording with a light or scanning electron microscope.

It is not absolutely necessary that the particles are essentially round or spherical. It is also possible for the metal powder to consist entirely or partially of amorphous or so-called spattered particles. The distribution of the grain sizes in the metal powder can essentially be normally distributed, other distributions not being excluded. The shape and size of the particles are essentially determined by the manufacturing process for the metal powder.

By using smaller grain sizes, denser particle packings can be achieved when building up the molding. In other words, when using smaller grain sizes, the porosity of the molding is lower or the density of the molding is higher. A more dense particle packing results in a higher mechanical strength of the molding or the component both before and after a sintering process. The higher the strength of the molding, the more energy can be introduced into the molding for the purpose of de-powdering without damaging it. In other words, the De-powdering is simplified by a mechanically firmly constructed molding and the de-powdering process can be made more efficient.

One advantage of using metal powders with a particle size of less than 20 µm is the higher mechanical strength of the molding and / of the component.

Smaller grain sizes also go hand in hand with a higher particle surface area of the powder, whereby the particle surface essentially means the outer cumulated surface of the particles of the metal powder. The particle surface is functionally related to the surface energy, which in turn is functionally related to the sintering activity. The rule here is that the larger the cumulative particle surface or total particle surface of the powder, the higher the sintering activity, i.e. the system's endeavor to reduce the surface energy through diffusion processes.

Correspondingly, the activation energy required for a sintering process is lower with smaller grain sizes, and the sintering time and / or the sintering temperature can be reduced, in particular with the same density.

In the method according to the invention, a temperature of less than 98%, preferably less than 90%, particularly preferably less than 85% of the usual sintering temperature corresponding to the material composition of the metal powder is achieved by means of the sintering device in a special embodiment. Alternatively or additionally, in the method according to the invention, the sintering time, i.e. the time of temperature action on the molding in the sintering process, is less than 97.5%, preferably 90%, particularly preferably 85%, of the usual sintering time corresponding to the material composition of the metal powder.

For example, the method according to the invention enables the sintering temperature to be reduced in the case of the steel alloy AISI 316L (X2CrNiMoN17-13-3) from typically 1385 ° C to 1350 ° C.

The advantage of this special embodiment of the method according to the invention is that, through the use of powders with mean grain sizes of less than 20 μm, the production costs, in particular the sinter-specific production costs, in the additive and / or generative production of components, in particular in binder jetting -Procedures that can be reduced.

In a further embodiment of the method according to the invention, the metal powder is applied together with the flow aid.

Especially with binder jetting, but also with other powder-based additive manufacturing processes, the component or the molding is built up in layers. For this purpose, a metal powder layer and a binder are alternately applied to the production area.

For this purpose, the metal powder is advantageously mixed with the flow aid before it is dispensed, so that the metal powder can be dispensed together with the flow aid. The metal powder and flow aid are preferably mixed in a mixing device. In this case, an essentially homogeneous distribution of the flow aid in the powder is advantageously achieved.

The mixing device is preferably designed in such a way that the mechanical stress on the particles during the mixing process is as low as possible, so that the shape and size of individual particles are not changed as far as possible. In other words, the energy input during mixing advantageously does not lead to a reduction in the mean grain size of the metal powder and / or the mean particle size of the flow aid. This can be achieved with a mixing device with a moving container, such as a tumble mixer.

The advantage of this embodiment is primarily that the metal powder can be applied in a uniform manner in spite of the small mean grain sizes and metal powder aggregates in the powder layer are avoided, or at least reduced, during the application.

In an alternative embodiment of the method according to the invention, the flow aid is added to the metal powder together with the binder or applied to the metal powder. It is also possible here for a mixture of metal powder, flow aid and binder to be applied together. The advantage of this configuration is that flow aids are only applied where solid component structures are to be produced and / or where complex or fine component structures make special demands on the powder removal.

In this embodiment in particular, it is advantageous that the density of the flow aid is at least 0.05 g / cm ³ and at most 0.5 g / cm ³ , preferably a density of at least 0.05 g / cm ³ and at most 0.3 g / cm ³ . For the purposes of the invention, the density of the flow aid is the tapped density or tapped density based on ISO787 / 11 is to be understood if the flow aid is in the form of a powder. The tamped density indicates the mass of one cubic centimeter of a compacted bed of particles. If the flow aid is present as a suspension, a preferred range of values of at least 0.5 g / cm ³ and at most 1.5 g / cm ³ based on one cubic centimeter of the suspension applies to the density of the suspension.

Alternatively or additionally, the dynamic viscosity of the flow aid, in particular in the embodiment of the method according to the invention, in which the flow aid is applied together with a binder, is advantageously at least 0.001 Pa s and at most 0.01 Pa s.

The binder is advantageously a water-based or solvent-based binder. The density of the binder is advantageously at least 0.5 g / cm ^3, but at most 1.5 g / cm ³ .

In one embodiment of the method according to the invention, the flow aid essentially comprises metal-oxide, transition-metal-oxide and / or semi-metal-oxide particles.

A semimetal is to be understood as meaning chemical elements which are arranged between metals and non-metals in the periodic table and which cannot be clearly assigned to both element groups. This group of elements includes silicon.

It is not excluded that the particles of the flow aid with the metal powder form at least partially mechanical, in particular cohesive, connections and / or at least in some areas an alloy during the solidification under the action of temperature.

Flow aids made from essentially metal-oxide, transition-metal-oxide and / or semi-metal-oxide particles can be produced in a simple and cost-effective manner.

In principle, flow aids based on a ceramic or a plastic are not excluded.

In a further embodiment, the flow aid comprises more than 90% by weight of a silicon oxide, in particular a silicon dioxide.

The flow aid preferably comprises pyrogenic silicon dioxide. Fumed silica is also known as fumed silica. These are synthetic amorphous silicon dioxide particles that are produced in flame processes.

Flow aids, which are based in particular on pyrogenic silicon dioxide, can be flexibly adjusted with regard to their chemical-physical properties relevant to the process according to the invention.

In an alternative embodiment, the flow aid essentially comprises tricalcium phosphate. Tricalcium phosphate is also used in the food industry to preserve or produce free-flowing bulk goods.

Furthermore, the flow aid can comprise carbon and / or traces of other metals, semi-metals and / or transition metals such as aluminum, calcium, chromium, copper, iron, potassium, lithium, magnesium, sodium, nickel, phosphorus, titanium, zirconium. The term traces means contents in the concentration range of a few ppm.

In a further embodiment of the method according to the invention, the flow aid essentially comprises particles with an average particle size of less than 50 nm, preferably less than 20 nm.

In this embodiment, the flow aid essentially comprises nanoparticles. The particles of the flow aid are also referred to as primary particles. Powders made of nanoparticles can have rheological properties similar to liquids. The nanoparticles of the flow aid can be present as a powder or as a suspension, that is, a heterogeneous mixture of substances with at least one solid and at least one liquid phase.

If the flow aid is in the form of a powder, it is particularly suitable for mixing with the metal powder. If the flow aid is in the form of a suspension, it is particularly suitable for mixing with the binder.

The mean particle diameter for particles in the nanoparticle range is typically determined by means of transmission electron microscopy. The distribution of the particle sizes around the mean value is more typically, but not necessarily, a normal distribution or does not show any major deviations from a normal distribution.

The particles of the flow aid can have an essentially amorphous shape and thus have a larger surface area than ideally round particles of comparable diameter.

In the case of particles with a diameter in the nanometer range, it is quite typical that these become aggregates, i.e. essentially physico-chemical interactions linked clusters, connect. Such clusters typically have a diameter or an aggregate size of less than 10 μm. In connection with the metal powder, the nanoparticles of the flow aid detach at least partially from the cluster composite and / or form clusters of smaller diameter and can accumulate on the surface of metal particles of the metal powder.

Particles with an average particle size of less than 50 nm are particularly suitable for reducing the effect of interparticle forces of attraction between particles of the metal powder, and thus improving the flow properties of the metal powder.

In a further embodiment of the method according to the invention, the specific surface area of the flow aid is more than 10 m ² / g, preferably more than 100 m ² / g, particularly preferably more than 250 m ² / g.

For the purposes of the invention, the specific surface area of the flow aid means the so-called BET surface area of the particles of the flow aid. The BET surface area is determined using the BET method. The BET method is generally used in the case of solids, which consist of very small particles, which have very fine pores in the nanometer range and / or which have very fine surface structures, by means of gas absorption, the total surface, i.e. the sum of the outer and inner surface of the solid , to determine.

The specific surface is typically given as an area based on the mass or volume of the solid. For the purposes of the invention, the specific surface is to be understood as the total surface area of one gram of a flow aid which is made up of particles, which is available for gas absorption according to the BET method.

In the case of particles with low internal porosity, the specific surface area can be equated approximately with the outer surface area of the particles of one gram of a bed of particles.

Since the interparticle forces of attraction essentially act between the outer surfaces of two neighboring particles, large specific surfaces of a powder are associated with strong forces of attraction. In the context of the invention, this means that a flow aid with a high specific surface area is particularly advantageously deposited on or between the particles of the metal powder and thus improves the flow properties of the metal powder in a particularly favorable manner.

In a further embodiment of the method according to the invention, the flow aid is essentially hydrophobic.

The individual particles and / or the suspension which comprises the particles can be hydrophobic.

In an alternative embodiment of the method according to the invention, the flow aid is essentially hydrophilic.

Analogously, the individual particles and / or the suspension which comprises the particles can be hydrophilic.

Hydrophilicity describes the property of a substance or a particle to interact with other polar substances, such as water. In other words, hydrophilic substances are usually water-soluble.

In a further embodiment of the method according to the invention, a metal powder volume with at least one dimension less than 1 mm is left out when the binder is added, so that a cavity or cavity with at least one dimension less than 1 mm is created in the component after de-powdering.

In other words, the method according to the invention can be used to produce a component which has recesses which are less than 1 mm in at least one length, width and / or height dimension. The recesses can have complex geometries. Such a recess can also be referred to as a negative volume element. Cavities within the meaning of the invention can for example be channels, in particular complex channels, within the component to be produced, which have a minimum diameter of less than 1 mm.

Typically, components that are manufactured using powder-based additive manufacturing processes are limited in terms of the dimensions of, in particular, complex cavities and cavities, so that essentially complete de-powdering of such structures is not possible in the case of molded articles. On the one hand, this can be due to the fact that the particles that are to be removed from the structures of the molding are too large in relation to the dimensions of the cavity and are mechanically held back by, for example, jamming. On the other hand, de-powdering of sufficient quality may not be possible because the particles of the powder are too small and they are so strongly connected to the surface of the cavity or the cavity due to physical-chemical forces of attraction or so strongly compressed by mutual attraction that removal with the usual technical means such as compressed air and vibration is not possible. The use of a flow aid in connection with the metal powder in the method according to the invention leads to a reduction in the effect of the physico-chemical forces of attraction between the surfaces of cavities and / or cavities with the particles of the metal powder and / or between the particles themselves and in this way enables a Powder removal of corresponding complex component structures. Furthermore, the use of powders with an average grain size according to the method according to the invention enables the production of a molding with a higher mechanical strength due to the higher packing density of the particles, so that more mechanical energy can be introduced into the molding during de-powdering without damaging it.

The advantage of this refinement of the method is that it is possible in a simple manner to produce components which produce cavities and / or cavities with a smallest dimension of less than 1 mm.

A second aspect of the invention is a motor vehicle which comprises at least one component produced by means of the method according to the invention.

The invention is explained below with reference to the embodiment shown in the accompanying drawings.

• 1: zwei benachbarte Partikeln eines Metallpulvers nach einer Ausbringung gemäß dem Stand der Technik; und
• 2 zwei benachbarte Partikeln eines Metallpulvers in Anwesenheit von Partikeln eines Fließhilfsmittels.

Show it

• 1 : two adjacent particles of a metal powder after an application according to the prior art; and
• 2 two adjacent particles of a metal powder in the presence of particles of a flow aid.

1 shows an example of two neighboring particles of a metal powder 10 as it can be in a conventional additive and / or generative manufacturing process after application. For example, there are two metallic particles 10 with a medium grain size 11 of approx. 20 µm. The arrows in 1 between the two opposing surfaces of the particles of the metal powder 10 put those between the particles 10 physico-chemical forces of attraction 30th These are forces such as, for example, hydrogen bridges, Van der Waals forces, electrostatic forces and similar interaction forces, which are not shown here in more detail. The said attractions 30th cause the two particles 10 attract each other. Due to the small mean grain size 11 and the associated low mass of the individual particles of the metal powder 10 the said physico-chemical forces of attraction act 30th stronger than the force of gravity on the individual particles of the metal powder 10 . This effect causes the particles of the metal powder 10 Form metal powder aggregates and clumping occurs. As a result, the metal powder cannot be applied in a uniform and even layer.

2 shows an example of two neighboring particles of a metal powder 10 as in 1 , in which case, according to the invention, particles of a flow aid 20th are present. It can be seen that the particles of the flow aid 20th , which exemplifies a mean particle size 21st of 20 nm have on the surface of the particles of the metal powder 10 attach. In particular, the particles of the flow aid are deposited 20th also between the neighboring particles of the metal powder 10 and spacing them apart. This causes the physico-chemical forces of attraction 30th between the particles of metal powder 10 cannot create an attraction to the same extent as in 1 in the absence of the flow aid 20th . As a result, the particles of the metal powder 10 no longer form aggregates to the same extent and clumping is essentially avoided or at least reduced. In other words, the metal powder remains flowable and / or free-flowing. In 2 it can also be seen that the particles of the flow aid 20th not necessarily present in isolation. It can be seen that the particles of the flow aid 20th also aggregates 23 can form and / or in groups on the surface of the particles of the metal powder 10 can attach. With the particles of the flow aid 20th In the example shown, it is, for example, pyrogenic silica and / or tricalcium phosphate, with other flow aids as well 20th can achieve the effect shown.

The effect of using the flow aid is, in particular, that smaller particles of the powder can be used, so that both the strength of a molding produced with it and the sintering activity of the molding can be increased.

List of reference symbols

10

Particles of the metal powder

11

mean grain size

20th

Flow aid

21st

mean particle size

23

Aggregate

30th

interparticle attractive forces

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent literature cited

• DE 102016000435 A1 [0008]
• US 2017/0056138 A1 [0009]
• US 2018/0236543 A1 [0010]

Claims (10)

A method for the additive and / or generative production of a component, in particular an additive 3D printing process, in which - a molding is produced essentially from particles of a metal powder (10) and / or a metal alloy powder, - a flow aid during or before production of the molding (20) is added to the metal powder, for the purpose of reducing the forces of attraction (30) between neighboring particles of the metal powder (10), - a binder is added to the particles of the metal powder (10) and / or the flow aid (20), - after production of the molding by introducing thermal energy into the molding between the particles of the metal powder (10), cohesive connections are formed, characterized in that such a mass of flow aid (20) is added to the metal powder that the total mass of the molding is less than 10 wt. -%, preferably less than 5% by weight, in particular less than 1% by weight, du rch flow aid (20) is formed. Process for the additive and / or generative production of a component according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the mean grain size (11) of the particles of the metal powder (10) is less than 20 μm, preferably less than 10 μm, particularly preferably less than 5 μm. Method for the additive and / or generative manufacture of a component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the metal powder is applied together with the flow aid (20). Method for additive and / or generative production of a component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the flow aid (20) essentially comprises metal-oxide, transition-metal-oxide and / or semi-metal-oxide particles. Process for the additive and / or generative production of a component according to Claim 4 , characterized in that the flow aid (20) comprises more than 90% by weight of a silicon oxide, in particular a silicon dioxide. Method for additive and / or generative production of a component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the flow aid (20) essentially comprises particles with an average particle size (21) of less than 50 nm, preferably less than 20 nm. Method for additive and / or generative production of a component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the specific surface area of the flow aid (20) is more than 10 m ² / g, preferably more than 100 m ² / g, particularly preferably more than 250 m ² / g. Method for additive and / or generative production of a component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the flow aid (20) is essentially hydrophobic. Method for additive and / or generative production of a component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that when the binder is added, a metal powder volume with at least one dimension smaller than 1 mm is left out, so that a cavity or a cavity with at least one dimension in the component after powder removal less than 1 mm is produced. Motor vehicle, comprising at least one component, produced according to the method for additive and / or generative production of a component according to one of the Claims 1 - 9 .

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