DE102019203349A1 - System as well as method and device for temperature control of an electrochemical storage device arranged in a vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

Among other things, it is proposed a system for temperature control of an electrochemical store (1) arranged in a vehicle, the electrochemical store (1) being assigned at least one first heat exchanger (4) which is integrated into a first vehicle-internal temperature control circuit (5). It is advantageously provided that at least one second heat exchanger (16) is additionally assigned to the electrochemical storage device (1), which is or can be fluidically connected to a temperature control device (17) external to the vehicle and, when connected, a temperature control medium circuit (20) external to the vehicle ) trains.

Description

The invention relates to a system for temperature control of an electrochemical storage device arranged in a vehicle according to the preamble of claim 1 of the invention. According to claim 10 of the invention, the same also relates to a method for temperature control of an electrochemical store arranged in a vehicle. According to claim 11 of the invention, the same also relates to a device for temperature control of an electrochemical store arranged in a vehicle.

In the recent past, due to the constantly decreasing supply of fuels for the internal combustion engine drive of vehicles, in particular motor vehicles, great efforts have been made to provide alternative drive types. The electromotive drive, which is supplied with electrical energy from one or more electrochemical storage devices, such as batteries or accumulators, is becoming increasingly important. The vehicle can be operated as an electric vehicle exclusively by means of one or more electric motor drives or, as a so-called hybrid or plug-in hybrid vehicle, can have both an internal combustion engine and one or more electric motors to drive it. The professional world is increasingly favoring Li-ion accumulators as so-called traction batteries or drive batteries, which for their part advantageously have no memory effect and a low self-discharge. Regardless of this, the efficiency of such accumulators or batteries is temperature-dependent and decreases sharply at low temperatures. In addition, it should be noted that when the motor vehicle is in motion and during the charging phase of such batteries or battery systems, heat is introduced into the battery system due to electrical power loss in current-carrying components, which can lead to high thermal loads on the batteries. Operating the battery at high cell temperatures is known to result in accelerated aging of the battery cells, which is associated with a shortened service life of the battery system. These circumstances require temperature control measures of the battery system in order to avoid a defect of the same and to achieve a long service life of the same and to be able to safely operate a vehicle driven by an electric motor and implement it as a series vehicle. In view of this, it is generally known to assign a temperature control or cooling system to said battery system.

So reveals the DE 10 2009 037 138 A1 a battery box with an upper shell, a lower shell and a further shell surrounding the lower shell at least in sections. The lower shell has a structure, in particular a rib structure, which, together with the further shell, forms cooling channels and thus a closed unit that can be temperature-controlled separately.

The DE 10 2012 206 495 A1 discloses an arrangement for controlling the temperature of an accumulator, which comprises an accumulator housing with voltage-generating cells arranged therein and a fluid machine. The fluid machine is prepared to set a fluid in motion, which flows through the accumulator along a fluid circuit formed by housing channels. The fluid circuit is either arranged exclusively within the housing or comprises a housing-internal part and a housing-external part. The temperature control fluid flowing through the fluid circuit is not used to transport heat, but to control the passage of heat through the housing, in particular its housing base. If the fluid is moved, the heat transfer increases, if it is not moved, the heat transfer decreases.

The US 2018/0105062 A1 discloses a battery housing for containing a plurality of battery modules. On the underside or on the sides of the battery modules, cooling plates through which coolant flows are arranged, which are fluidically connected to coolant interfaces in the form of cooling tubes of the battery housing. The cooling tubes are connected via plug connections to a cooling system arranged outside the battery housing.

All of the above-described documents are silent about the temperature control or cooling system assigned to the electrochemical store. Regardless, it is generally known from practice to assign a vehicle-internal passive and / or active cooling system to the electrochemical storage device.

For example, from the U.S. 6,085,854 A discloses a battery with a battery frame structure having an outer frame, a bottom plate and an inner frame. The frame structure is set up to guide cooling fluid, in particular cooling air, through all frame parts. For this purpose, main flows for the cooling fluid are generated, which are defined by longitudinal frame elements. Said main flows are supplemented by secondary flows, which are defined by transverse frame elements connected to the longitudinal frame elements.

In addition, it is generally known to convert an electrochemical storage device arranged in the vehicle into a coolant and / or To thermally integrate the refrigerant circuit (see e.g. DE 102013213114A1 ).

It is also known from practice that an increased temperature control output, in particular cooling output, is required precisely when electrically charging the electrochemical storage devices. When the vehicle is in motion, the cooling capacity of the vehicle's internal temperature control system is generally sufficient. In addition, it is known that, in particular when electrically charging the electrochemical storage devices by rapid charging by means of an external charging device, increased temperature control, in particular in the sense of cooling, is required, which the vehicle-internal temperature control system cannot provide. This is where the invention described below comes into play.

The object of the invention is to create a system for temperature control of an electrochemical storage device arranged in a vehicle, which takes sufficient account of any required increased temperature control performance, in particular cooling performance, during a charging process via an external charging device. A further object of the invention is to specify a suitable method for temperature control of an electrochemical storage device arranged in a vehicle. A further object of the invention is to provide a device for temperature control of an electrochemical storage device arranged in a vehicle.

Based on a system for temperature control of an electrochemical store arranged in a vehicle, with the electrochemical store being assigned at least one first heat exchanger which is integrated into a first vehicle-internal temperature control medium circuit, the object is achieved in that the electrochemical store also has at least one is assigned to a second heat exchanger, which is fluidically connected or connectable to a temperature control device external to the vehicle and, in the connected state, forms a temperature control medium circuit external to the vehicle.

This measure enables thermal management for the electrochemical storage device with increased temperature control performance, in particular cooling performance, during a charging process via an external charging device with minimal additional outlay on equipment (second heat exchanger) on the vehicle. That is, precisely in the state of charging, in particular fast charging, of the electrochemical storage device by means of an external charging device, which state of charge, experience has shown, is associated with increased heating of the electrochemical storage device, the required high cooling capacity is made available externally or, in addition to the vehicle-internal cooling capacity, is contributed externally. The cooling devices required for this, with the exception of the at least one second heat exchanger, are advantageously not part of the vehicle.

The subclaims describe preferred developments or embodiments of the invention.

According to this, the temperature control device external to the vehicle is preferably part of an external charging device for electrically charging the electrochemical storage device. I.e. in particular that the temperature control device external to the vehicle is preferably spatially integrated in said external charging device. This creates an external combination system or module made up of an electrical charging device and a temperature control device, in particular a cooling device, which is easy to handle and inexpensive to install.

According to a practical development of the invention, the external charging device is formed by a charging column which preferably has said temperature control device integrally. A charging station is understood to mean a charging station for electrically operated vehicles, the design of which is usually modeled on a gas pump for conventional fuels.

As the invention further provides, the first vehicle-internal temperature control circuit is preferably a coolant circuit. Said coolant circuit can, in a further development of the invention, be thermally connected or connectable to a second vehicle-internal temperature control circuit in the form of a refrigerant circuit, which can be activated if required.

As far as the temperature control medium circuit external to the vehicle is concerned, this is preferably a coolant circuit, alternatively a refrigerant circuit, whereby, based on the first vehicle internal temperature control medium circuit, when a vehicle external coolant circuit is used, this can be combined with a vehicle external refrigeration circuit .

In the present case, coolants are preferably understood to mean liquid (e.g. water, water-glycol mixture, etc.), but alternatively also gaseous substances or mixtures of substances (e.g. air), for transporting heat, with coolants only capable of are to transport the enthalpy along the temperature gradient to a point of lower temperature in a cooling cycle. In contrast, a refrigerant (e.g. C02, R1234yf, etc.) can do this in do a cold cycle against a temperature gradient so that the ambient temperature may be higher than the temperature of the electrochemical storage to be cooled.

In addition, according to this invention, a temperature control medium is also understood to mean a liquid or gaseous heat transfer medium which, if required, also gives off heat to the electrochemical store. This can prove to be necessary, for example, when the vehicle is operated in a cold or extremely cold environment, since it is known that a low ambient temperature can also have a disadvantageous effect both on the performance of the electrochemical storage device and on its charging behavior.

As the invention also provides, the at least one first heat exchanger is preferably within a housing of the electrochemical storage device, i. That is, arranged immediately adjacent to storage modules and / or storage cells of the electrochemical storage unit, since the temperature of the electrochemical storage unit in the vehicle-internal temperature control circuit is predominantly carried out by means of electrically non-conductive temperature control fluids, which does not conflict with this particular arrangement.

In contrast, the at least one second heat exchanger is preferably arranged outside the said housing of the electrochemical storage device, but is thermally connected to the housing. This arrangement results from the knowledge that the temperature control medium circuit formed outside the vehicle can also be operated with electrically conductive temperature control fluid and is therefore not limited to electrically non-conductive temperature control fluids. In the event of a defect, in particular a leak in the temperature control medium circuit external to the vehicle, this effectively prevents temperature control fluid from entering the housing and thus damaging or even destroying the electrochemical storage device.

The at least one second heat exchanger is further preferably arranged on a housing base of a / the housing of the electrochemical store. Such an arrangement can be implemented simply and inexpensively. The at least one second heat exchanger does not necessarily have to be an integral part of said housing, but can also be designed as a separate add-on part of the vehicle or of the housing of the electrochemical store.

The method for temperature control of an electrochemical store arranged in a vehicle by means of a temperature control system of the type described above is characterized in particular in that, when the vehicle is in motion, the electrochemical store is temperature controlled via the at least one first heat exchanger integrated into the first vehicle-internal temperature control medium circuit, on the other hand in the case of the electrical charging of the electrochemical store by means of the external charging device or charging column, the temperature of the electrochemical store is controlled at least via the at least one second heat exchanger integrated into the temperature control medium circuit external to the vehicle.

This is preferably done using a corresponding electronic regulating and control unit, which is furthermore preferably a component of the vehicle and optionally corresponds to a regulating and control unit of the external charging device and / or the temperature control device external to the vehicle. Said electronic regulating and control unit can in this respect have suitable sensor devices for determining a current operating state of the vehicle, namely driving mode or vehicle position for electrically charging the electrochemical storage device, as well as for determining the current electrical charge of the electrochemical storage device and the current recording temperature of the same . When a requirement for electrical charging and / or temperature control is determined, said electrical charging and / or temperature control of the electrochemical storage device is effected, with a certain predetermined depending on an established operating state of the vehicle, namely driving mode or vehicle position for electrical charging of the electrochemical storage device or determined temperature control performance at least one of the temperature control medium circuits described above is used or activated. In the case of charging by means of the external charging device, however, it is provided that at least the external temperature control medium circuit is used or activated.

The device for temperature control of an electrochemical store arranged in a vehicle is essentially characterized by a temperature control device external to the vehicle for the temporary formation of a temperature control circuit external to the vehicle in combination with at least one vehicle-mounted heat exchanger assigned to the electrochemical store.

The temperature control device external to the vehicle is advantageously an integral part of an external charging device for electrically charging the electrochemical storage device. This creates an external combination system or module comprising an electric charging device and a temperature control device, in particular a cooling device created, which is easy to handle and inexpensive to install.

• 1 ein Fließbild des erfindungsgemäßen Temperierungssystems.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to an exemplary embodiment shown schematically in the drawing. However, it is not restricted to this, but rather covers all of the configurations defined by the claims. Show it:

• 1 a flow diagram of the temperature control system according to the invention.

According to the only one 1 is the temperature-controlled electrochemical store with the reference number 1 Mistake. This is arranged in a vehicle not shown in the drawing, for example an electrically operated or operable motor vehicle, such as an electric vehicle or a plug-in hybrid vehicle, and has a housing 2 in which three memory modules electrically interconnected with one another are merely exemplary 3 are each arranged with at least one, preferably a plurality of electrochemical storage cells not shown in the drawing.

The electrochemical storage 1 is a first heat exchanger 4th assigned, which in a first vehicle-internal temperature control circuit 5 is integrated. The said first heat exchanger 4th is inside the case 2 of the electrochemical storage 1 , according to this embodiment above and immediately adjacent to the memory modules 3 arranged, whereby an effective temperature control of the same by means of the first vehicle-internal temperature control circuit 5 is made possible in particular while operating the vehicle or while driving the same.

The first vehicle-internal temperature control medium circuit 5 is present by a coolant circuit 5a formed in which coolant, such as water or a water-glycol mixture, by means of a pump 6th is passed in the circuit through a cooler known per se and accordingly not shown in the drawing. As a result, the coolant is cooled or heat is withdrawn from it by means of the ambient air flowing around and / or through the said cooler.

To the cooling capacity of the in the first vehicle-internal temperature control circuit 5 in the form of the coolant circuit 5a integrated first heat exchanger 4th According to this exemplary embodiment, said coolant circuit is to be increased 5a with a second vehicle-internal temperature control circuit that can be activated if required 7th in the form of a refrigerant cycle 7a thermally connected or connectable.

In the known refrigerant cycle 7a is a refrigerant such as CO2 or R1234yf, guided in a closed circuit. The refrigerant cycle 7a In a simple embodiment of the same, viewed in the direction of flow of the refrigerant, comprises one compressor one after the other 8th , also known as a compressor, a condenser 9 , also referred to as a capacitor, a throttle device 10 and an evaporator 11 . The liquefier 9 is air or water cooled. The evaporator 11 is within a heat exchange device 12 with that as a coolant circuit 5a trained first vehicle-internal temperature control circuit 5 thermally connected. Depending on the currently required cooling capacity, the second in-vehicle temperature control circuit is activated 7th in the form of the refrigerant cycle 7a activated or deactivated.

A temperature control of the electrochemical storage 1 To enable the same in the sense of heating is preferred in the first vehicle-internal temperature control circuit 5 a heating device, not shown in the drawing, preferably an electrically operated heating device, integrated or integrable. If necessary, the heating device heats the coolant, which absorbs the thermal energy via the first heat exchanger 4th to the memory modules 3 gives.

As already shown above, especially when electrically charging the electrochemical storage device 1 while the vehicle is stationary by means of an external charging device 13 an increased temperature control output, in particular a cooling output, may be required, which the vehicle-internal temperature control system, which according to this embodiment has two vehicle-internal temperature control medium circuits 5 , 7th has, cannot provide. In 1 is an external charger 13 in the manner of a so-called charging station 13a shown. Under a charging station 13a is understood to mean a charging station for electrically operated vehicles, the design of which is usually modeled on a gas pump for conventional fuels. The charging station 13a has a charging cable according to its intended use 14th on, at the free end a charging plug 15th is arranged with a not shown in the drawing and with the electrochemical store 1 electrically connected charging socket of the vehicle corresponds. According to this exemplary embodiment, the charging power is specified as> 150KW, which is for rapid charging of the electrochemical storage device 1 suitable is.

With regard to the above-described circumstance with regard to any required increased cooling capacity when electrically charging the electrochemical store 1 by means of an external charging device 13 is that electrochemical storage 1 a second heat exchanger 16 assigned. The second heat exchanger 16 is with an extremely schematically shown external temperature control device 17th in terms of flow via pipes and / or hose lines 18th as well as with the aid of known pipe and / or hose quick connectors, not shown in the drawing, or connectable. In 1 is the second heat exchanger 16 in a fluidically connected state with said temperature control device 17th shown making a means of pump 19th operated temperature control medium circuit outside the vehicle 20th is trained.

The second heat exchanger 16 is outside the case 2 of the electrochemical storage 1 , present on the case back 2a arranged, but with the housing 2 respectively its case back 2a thermally connected. This arrangement results from the knowledge that the vehicle-external temperature control circuit formed 20th can be operated with electrically conductive temperature control fluid / coolant and is therefore not limited to electrically non-conductive temperature control fluids / coolant. In the event of a possible defect, in particular a leak in the temperature control circuit outside the vehicle 20th this effectively prevents temperature control fluid from entering the housing 2 enters and so the electrochemical storage 1 damaged or even destroyed.

This measure requires minimal additional equipment (second heat exchanger 16 ) a thermal management system for the electrochemical storage system on the vehicle 1 with increased temperature control performance, in particular cooling performance, during a charging process via an external charging device 13 enables.

Again 1 It can also be seen that the temperature control device is external to the vehicle 17th According to a preferred embodiment, part of the external charging device 13 for electrically charging the electrochemical storage device 1 or into the external charging device 13 in the form of the charging station 13a spatially integrated.

What about the temperature control medium circuit outside the vehicle 20th as far as is concerned, this is preferably a coolant circuit 20a , based on the first vehicle-internal temperature control circuit 5 this vehicle-external coolant circuit 20a can be combined with a vehicle-external refrigeration circuit, not shown in the drawing. Alternatively, the temperature control medium circuit external to the vehicle 20th can of course also be formed by a refrigerant circuit.

The method for temperature control of an electrochemical store arranged in a vehicle by means of a temperature control system of the type described above is characterized in particular by the fact that the electrochemical store is used when the vehicle is in motion 1 via the at least one first, in the first vehicle-internal temperature control circuit 5 integrated heat exchanger 4th is tempered, whereas in the case of electrical charging of the electrochemical storage device 1 by means of the external charging device 13 or charging station 13a the electrochemical storage 1 if necessary, either via the at least one first, in the first vehicle-internal temperature control circuit 5 integrated heat exchanger 4th and / or via the at least one second, in the vehicle-external temperature control circuit 20th integrated heat exchanger 16 is tempered.

In order to protect the vehicle's internal temperature control system, however, it is necessary to charge the electrochemical storage unit 1 by means of an external charging device 13 preferably provided that the vehicle-external temperature control device 17th is used if its temperature control performance is sufficient. If it is determined that the temperature control performance of the temperature control device external to the vehicle 17th is not sufficient, the vehicle-internal temperature control system can also be activated.

The temperature control of the electrochemical storage 1 preferably takes place using an electronic regulating and control unit (not shown in the drawing), which is furthermore preferably part of the vehicle, and optionally with a regulating and control unit of the external charging device 13 and / or the temperature control device external to the vehicle 17th corresponds. For this purpose, the electronic regulating and control unit preferably, but without claiming to be complete, has suitable sensor devices for determining a current operating state of the vehicle, namely driving mode or vehicle position for electrically charging the electrochemical store 1 , as well as to determine the currently recorded electrical charge of the electrochemical storage 1 and the current temperature to be recorded.

If a requirement for electrical charging and / or temperature control is determined, electrical charging and / or temperature control of the electrochemical store is activated 1 for example, causes at least one of the above-described temperature control medium circuits as a function of the sensed operating state of the vehicle and a certain predetermined or determined temperature control output 5 , 20th , when charging by means of the external charging device 13 however at least the external temperature control circuit 20th is used or activated.

A temperature control of the electrochemical storage 1 to enable the same in the sense of heating, can also in the vehicle-external temperature control circuit 20th a heating device, not shown in the drawing, preferably an electrically operated heating device, can be integrated or integrable. If necessary, the heating device heats the coolant, which absorbs the thermal energy via the second heat exchanger 16 to the memory modules 3 gives.

List of reference symbols

1

electrochemical storage

2

casing

2a

Case back

3

Memory module

4th

first heat exchanger

5

first vehicle-internal temperature control medium circuit

5a

Coolant circuit

6th

pump

7th

second vehicle-internal temperature control medium circuit

7a

Refrigerant circulation

8th

compressor

9

Condenser

10

Throttle device

11

Evaporator

12

Heat exchanger device

13

external charger

13a

Charging station

14th

Charging cable

15th

Charging plug

16

second heat exchanger

17th

temperature control device external to the vehicle

18th

Pipe and / or hose lines

19th

pump

20th

temperature control medium circuit outside the vehicle

20a

Coolant circuit

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent literature cited

• DE 102009037138 A1 [0003]
• DE 102012206495 A1 [0004]
• US 2018/0105062 A1 [0005]
• US 6085854 A [0007]
• DE 102013213114 A1 [0008]

Claims (12)

System for temperature control of an electrochemical store (1) arranged in a vehicle, the electrochemical store (1) being assigned at least one first heat exchanger (4) which is integrated into a first vehicle-internal temperature control medium circuit (5), characterized in that the At least one second heat exchanger (16) is additionally assigned to the electrochemical storage device (1), which is fluidically connected or can be connected to a temperature control device (17) external to the vehicle and, when connected, forms a temperature control medium circuit (20) external to the vehicle. Temperature control system according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the temperature control device (17) external to the vehicle is part of an external charging device (13) for electrically charging the electrochemical storage device (1). Temperature control system according to Claim 2 , characterized in that the external charging device (13) is formed by a charging column (13a). Temperature control system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first vehicle-internal temperature control medium circuit (5) is a coolant circuit (5a). Temperature control system according to Claim 4 , characterized in that the coolant circuit (5a) is thermally connected or connectable to a second vehicle-internal temperature control circuit (7) in the form of a refrigerant circuit (7a) which can be activated if required. Temperature control system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the temperature control medium circuit (20) external to the vehicle is a coolant circuit (20a) or a refrigerant circuit. Temperature control system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one first heat exchanger (4) is arranged within a housing (2) of the electrochemical store (1). Temperature control system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one second heat exchanger (16) is arranged outside a / the housing (2) of the electrochemical store (1), but is thermally connected to the housing (2). Temperature control system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one second heat exchanger (16) is arranged on a housing base (2a) of a / of the housing (2) of the electrochemical store (1). A method for temperature control of an electrochemical store (1) arranged in a vehicle by means of a temperature control system according to one of the preceding claims such that, when the vehicle is in motion, the electrochemical store (1) is via the at least one first temperature control medium circuit (5) inside the vehicle. integrated heat exchanger (4) is temperature-controlled, whereas in the case of electrical charging of the electrochemical storage device (1) by means of the external charging device (13) or charging column (13a), the electrochemical storage device (1) is at least via the at least one second temperature control device external to the vehicle Circuit (20) integrated heat exchanger (16) is tempered. Device for temperature control of an electrochemical store (1) arranged in a vehicle, characterized by a temperature control device (17) external to the vehicle for the temporary formation of a temperature control circuit (20) external to the vehicle in combination with at least one vehicle-mounted device assigned to the electrochemical store (1) Heat exchanger (16). Device according to Claim 11 , characterized in that the temperature control device (17) external to the vehicle is an integral part of an external charging device (13) for electrically charging the electrochemical storage device (1).

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