DE102019202528A1 - Thermal conductive structure, electrochemical cell, electrochemical unit and method for producing a thermal conductive structure - Google Patents

Abstract

In order to provide a heat conduction structure which reduces heat propagation from one electrochemical cell to the other and which can be produced as simply as possible, a heat conduction structure for separating several electrochemical cells from one another and / or for influencing heat propagation in electrochemical units is proposed, which comprises a heat conduction element, the Heat-conducting element comprises: - a heat-conducting layer element; - a further heat-conducting layer element; and at least one heat-insulating layer element, the at least one heat-insulating layer element being arranged between the heat-conducting layer element and the further heat-conducting layer element.

Description

The present invention relates to a heat conduction structure for electrochemical cells and / or electrochemical units.

The present invention is based on the object of providing a heat conduction structure which reduces heat propagation from one electrochemical cell to another and which can be produced as simply as possible.

• - ein wärmeleitendes Lagenelement;
• - ein weiteres wärmeleitendes Lagenelement; und
• - mindestens ein wärmeisolierendes Lagenelement,

wobei das mindestens eine wärmisolierende Lagenelement zwischen dem wärmeleitenden Lagenelement und dem weiteren wärmeleitenden Lagenelement angeordnet ist.According to the invention, this object is achieved by a heat-conducting structure for separating several electrochemical cells from one another and / or for influencing heat propagation in electrochemical units, the heat-conducting structure comprising a heat-conducting element, the heat-conducting element comprising:

• - a thermally conductive sheet element;
• - Another thermally conductive layer element; and
• - at least one heat-insulating layer element,

wherein the at least one heat-insulating layer element is arranged between the heat-conducting layer element and the further heat-conducting layer element.

Because the at least one heat-insulating layer element is arranged between the heat-conducting layer element and the further heat-conducting layer element, in particular symmetrical heat conduction properties with respect to electrochemical cells arranged laterally to the heat-conducting element can be obtained in electrochemical units.

The heat-conducting layer element, the at least one heat-insulating layer element and the further heat-conducting layer element form, in particular, a sandwich structure and / or a layer composite.

Heat generated in electrochemical cells can be dissipated by means of the heat-conducting layer elements, in particular in a direction which lies in a center plane of the respective layer element. Thermal conduction perpendicular to a central plane of the heat-conducting element through the central plane is preferably prevented and / or blocked due to the arrangement of the at least one heat-insulating layer element between the heat-conducting layer element and the further heat-conducting layer element.

By means of the heat conduction structure, targeted heat conduction is preferably formed in an intermediate space between two electrochemical cells in which the heat conduction element is arranged.

The heat-conducting element is preferably a solid material made up of several layers. In addition or as an alternative, the heat-conducting element is a flat material made of several layers and / or a film material made of several layers and / or is made from an endless material.

The heat-conducting layer element is preferably a solid material. In addition or as an alternative, the heat-conducting layer element is a flat material and / or a film material and / or is made from an endless material.

The further heat-conducting layer element is preferably a solid material. In addition or as an alternative, the further heat-conducting layer element is a flat material and / or a film material and / or is made of an endless material.

At least one layer element of the at least one heat-insulating layer element is preferably a solid material. In addition or as an alternative, the at least one heat-insulating layer element of the at least one heat-insulating layer element is a flat material and / or a film material and / or is made from an endless material.

A maximum extension of the heat-conducting element perpendicular to its central plane is in particular approximately 5% or less, for example approximately 1% or less, of an extension in the other spatial directions lying in the central plane.

By means of the heat conduction structure, in particular the heat generated in the electrochemical cells can be supplied and removed and / or can be distributed within and / or between a plurality of electrochemical cells.

The heat conducting element is preferably a spacer between two electrochemical cells.

Due to the at least one heat-insulating layer element, the heat-conducting element preferably forms a thermal interruption between adjacently arranged electrochemical cells in a direction oriented perpendicular to a center plane of the heat-conducting element.

Preferably, an intermediate space between two adjacently arranged electrochemical cells of an electrochemical unit is filled, in particular completely, by the heat conduction structure.

A half space of the space is preferably thermally decoupled from a further half space of the space by means of the heat-conducting element.

It can be favorable if the heat-conducting layer element lies flat, in particular over the entire area, on the at least one heat-insulating layer element. There is preferably a direct contact between a surface of the thermally conductive layer element facing the at least one heat-insulating layer element and a surface of the at least one heat-insulating layer element facing the heat-conducting layer element.

The further heat-conducting layer element preferably lies flat, in particular over the entire area, on the at least one heat-insulating layer element on a side facing away from the heat-conducting layer element. There is preferably direct contact between a surface of the further heat-conducting layer element facing the at least one heat-insulating layer element and a surface of the at least one heat-insulating layer element facing the further heat-conducting layer.

“Thermally conductive” means in particular that the respective layer element has a thermal conductivity of approx. 1 W / (m▪K) or more, in particular approx. 50 W / (m▪K) or more, for example approx. 100 W / (m▪K ) or more, in a direction perpendicular to the central plane of the heat-conducting element.

"Thermally insulating" means in particular that the respective layer element has a thermal conductivity of less than approx. 1 W / (m▪K), in particular approx. 0.8 W / (m▪K) or less, for example approx. 0.5 W / (m▪K) or less, in a direction perpendicular to the center plane of the heat-conducting element.

The at least one heat-insulating layer element preferably has a thermal conductivity of approx. 1% or less, for example approx. 0.5% or less, of a thermal conductivity of the heat-conducting layer element and / or of the further heat-conducting layer element in a direction perpendicular to the center plane of the heat-conducting element.

A spread of heat between adjacent electrochemical cells, for example a so-called “thermal runaway”, can preferably be avoided.

A "thermal runaway" is a thermal runaway due to exothermic chemical reactions within an electrochemical cell. In particular, the heat generated in an electrochemical cell spreads domino-like over adjacent electrochemical cells. A “thermal runaway” regularly results in material damage in the electrochemical cells due to excessively high temperatures.

It can be provided that the heat-conducting element separates two electrochemical cells from one another. The heat-conducting element preferably spatially separates two electrochemical cells from one another. Additionally or alternatively, the heat conducting element thermally separates two electrochemical cells from one another.

It can be provided that the heat conduction element forms a mechanical and / or spatial and / or thermal partition between two electrochemical cells.

It can be advantageous if the heat-conducting element is designed mirror-symmetrically with respect to a plane of symmetry of the heat-conducting element which is at least approximately parallel or identical to a center plane of the heat-conducting element. With a symmetrical heat input, this offers the advantage that uneven heat dissipation and / or heat distribution to one side can be avoided.

With a symmetrical structure of the heat-conducting element, heat can be dissipated evenly on both sides with a symmetrical heat input, preferably with respect to a center plane of the heat-conducting element.

The heat-conducting element preferably has a total thickness of approximately 1 mm or less, for example approximately 0.2 mm or less, taken in a direction perpendicular to the center plane of the heat-conducting element.

It can be provided that a connecting layer element of the heat conducting element is arranged between the heat-conducting layer element and the at least one heat-insulating layer element, in particular for the material connection of the heat-conducting layer element to the at least one heat-insulating layer element.

A further connecting layer element of the heat conducting element is preferably arranged between the further heat-conducting layer element and the at least one heat-insulating layer element, in particular for the material connection of the further heat-conducting layer element to the at least one heat-insulating layer element.

The connecting layer element and / or the further connecting layer element preferably comprise an adhesive and / or a polymer tape, in particular a polyester tape, for example a polyethylene terephthalate tape, and / or a modified acrylate or are formed therefrom.

It can be advantageous if the thermally conductive layer element and / or the further thermally conductive layer element comprise or are formed from one or more of the following materials: graphite material, in particular pyrolytic graphite layers, metal foils, plastic foils with integrated metal particles and / or ceramic particles. For example, the thermally conductive layer element and / or the further thermally conductive layer element comprise a graphite polymer material.

The graphite polymer material is used in particular in the form of graphite sheets, for example in the form of a highly oriented graphite polymer material, in which layers of two-dimensionally interconnected carbon rings of six carbon atoms are arranged one above the other, in particular in such a way that atoms forming the corners of a hexagon different layers are arranged directly on top of each other.

The carbon atoms of the individual layers are in particular covalently bonded.

The polymer material is, for example, an elastomer resin material.

In the case of highly oriented graphite polymer material, it is provided in particular that the graphite polymer material comprises a layer structure of crystallized two-dimensionally ordered carbon, the individual layers being held together, for example, by van der Waals forces.

It can be advantageous if a material of the at least one heat-insulating layer element according to European Standard EN 13501-1 flame retardant, especially not combustible. In particular, the at least one heat-insulating layer element comprises or is formed from one or more of the following materials: mica, asbestos, ceramic / silicate fibers, support structures which have inclusions filled with non-combustible gas and / or non-combustible liquid, for example.

In terms of low flammability, it can be favorable if the material of the at least one heat-insulating layer element is temperature-resistant, in particular temperatures of approx. 100 ° C or more, for example approx. 200 ° C or more, without ignition and / or without material changes.

The terms “essentially”, “approximately”, “at least approximately” denote in particular deviations from the specified values and / or arrangements of preferably at most 50%, in particular at most 20%, for example at most 5%.

The material of the at least one heat-insulating layer element is preferably flame-retardant and / or non-combustible in accordance with EN 13501-1. The associated test standards, by means of which classification as flame-retardant and / or non-combustible, are preferably carried out EN ISO 1182 , EN ISO 1716 , EN 13823 .

For example, the material of the at least one heat-insulating layer element has a low tendency to react with oxygen in the air, releasing radiation energy and / or thermal energy, and / or to continue burning after an ignition, even if an ignition source has been removed. The at least one heat-insulating layer element forms, in particular, a fire spread protection layer.

In addition to or as an alternative to intrinsic heat-insulating material properties, provision can be made for the at least one heat-insulating layer element to be cooled by means of a cooling medium, for example designed with water flowing through it.

The at least one heat-insulating layer element is preferably designed to be porous and / or filled with water and / or gel and / or granules.

The heat conduction structure preferably comprises a heat transfer element and a further heat transfer element, a center plane of the heat transfer element and / or a center plane of the further heat transfer element being arranged transversely, for example at least approximately perpendicularly, to a center plane of the heat transfer element.

The heat transfer element is preferably cohesively and / or heat-transferringly connected to the heat-conducting layer element or formed in one piece therewith.

The further heat transfer element is preferably cohesively and / or heat-transferringly connected to the further heat-conducting layer element or formed in one piece with it.

The heat transfer element and / or the further heat transfer element are preferably formed from the same material as the heat-conducting layer element and / or the further heat-conducting layer element.

The heat transfer element is preferably arranged between an electrochemical cell and a cooling element of the heat conducting structure.

The further heat transfer element is preferably arranged between a further electrochemical cell and a cooling element of the heat conducting structure.

The heat transfer element and / or the further heat transfer element are, in particular, part of a cooling space which adjoins the intermediate space filled by the heat conducting element via a transition region.

The transition area is preferably an area in which a transition is formed between an element with heat-conducting properties and an element with heat-insulating properties.

It can be provided that the transition area comprises a transition space in which a distance is preferably formed between the at least one heat-insulating layer element and the cooling element.

Alternatively, the transition area is an area in which the at least one heat-insulating layer element is attached to the cooling element.

The cooling element is in particular a heat sink, for example a cooling plate.

The heat conduction structure is in particular a heat transfer protection structure.

The heat transfer element and / or the further heat transfer element preferably have at least one, in particular linear and / or complete, interruption. The at least one interruption runs in particular in a direction lying in a central plane of the heat-conducting element. By means of the at least one interruption, an efficiency of heat conduction between heat transfer elements arranged on different sides of the interruption is realized in particular.

It can be favorable if the interruption is formed by a spaced apart arrangement of heat transfer elements of adjacent heat conducting structures in a direction perpendicular to the center plane of the heat conducting element.

Alternatively, it can be provided that a heat conducting element and the heat transfer elements, in particular comprising an interruption, are arranged in a longitudinal section through an electrochemical cell in an installed state in an electrochemical unit in an L shape, with several L shapes preferably adjoining one another. In particular, a regular structure is formed from heat-conducting structures lined up in an L-shape. In particular, an inverted T-shape is formed from two transverse bars of an L-shape and a longitudinal bar of a further L-shape.

The present invention also relates to an electrochemical unit, comprising at least two electrochemical cells and a heat conducting structure according to the invention, a heat conducting element of the heat conducting structure being arranged between the at least two electrochemical cells.

The heat conduction structure comprises in particular a heat transfer element and a further heat transfer element. One electrochemical cell of the at least two electrochemical cells is arranged in particular directly adjacent to the heat transfer element. For example, a further electrochemical cell of the at least two electrochemical cells is arranged directly adjacent to the further heat transfer element.

Alternatively, an electrochemical cell of the at least two electrochemical cells is arranged adjacent to the heat transfer element by means of an intermediate layer. A further of the at least two electrochemical cells is preferably arranged in contact with the further heat transfer element by means of an intermediate layer.

The intermediate layer is, for example, a connecting layer element.

For example, the electrochemical cell is thermally coupled to the heat transfer element and / or the further heat transfer element. The heat transfer element is preferably arranged between the cooling element and a housing of the electrochemical cell.

For example, the further electrochemical cell is thermally coupled to the heat transfer element and / or the further heat transfer element. The further heat transfer element is preferably between the cooling element and a housing of the further electrochemical cell.

Preferably, heat from the electrochemical cells can be transferred and / or dissipated to the heat transfer elements by means of the heat-conducting layer elements. The heat can in particular be removed from the space. The heat can in particular be transferred and / or dissipated from the heated heat transfer elements to the cooling element. The electrochemical cells can be cooled in particular by means of the heat-conducting layer elements and the heat transfer elements and / or the cooling element.

It can be advantageous if the heat transfer element, the further heat transfer element and / or the cooling element is arranged on a side of the electrochemical cell facing away from a cell terminal of the electrochemical cell and / or a further cell terminal of the further electrochemical cell. The side facing away from the cell terminals is in particular an underside of the respective electrochemical cell.

Alternatively, it can be provided that the heat transfer element, the further heat transfer element and / or the cooling element is arranged on a side of the electrochemical cell facing a cell terminal of the electrochemical cell and / or a further cell terminal of the further electrochemical cell. The side facing the cell terminals is preferably a cover element of the respective electrochemical cell.

The electrochemical units according to the invention preferably have one or more of the features and / or advantages described in connection with the heat-conducting structure according to the invention.

• - ein Gehäuse zur Aufnahme eines elektrochemischen Elements, wobei das Gehäuse einen Innenraum umgibt und mindestens eine Seitenwand und eine weitere Seitenwand umfasst, welche ein Deckelelement und eine Unterseite der elektrochemischen Zelle verbinden;
• - ein wärmeisolierendes Lagenelement und ein weiteres wärmeisolierendes Lagenelement,

wobei das wärmeisolierende Lagenelement unmittelbar oder mittels eines Verbindungslagenelements an der Seitenwand anliegend angeordnet ist und wobei das weitere wärmeisolierende Lagenelement unmittelbar oder mittels eines weiteren Verbindungslagenelements an der weiteren Seitenwand anliegend angeordnet ist.The present invention further relates to an electrochemical cell, the electrochemical cell comprising:

• a housing for receiving an electrochemical element, the housing surrounding an interior space and comprising at least one side wall and a further side wall which connect a cover element and an underside of the electrochemical cell;
• - a heat-insulating layer element and another heat-insulating layer element,

wherein the heat-insulating layer element is arranged directly or by means of a connecting layer element resting against the side wall, and wherein the further heat-insulating layer element is arranged directly or by means of a further connecting layer element resting against the further side wall.

A main direction of extent of the electrochemical cell lies in particular in the central planes of the side walls.

The main direction of extent of the electrochemical cell and / or the main direction of extent of the further electrochemical cell is preferably arranged perpendicular to a main plane of extent of a cover element of an electrochemical cell and points from an underside facing away from the cover element to the cover element.

The main direction of extent of the electrochemical cell and / or the main direction of extent of the further electrochemical cell is preferably arranged parallel to all of the side walls of the electrochemical cells.

The electrochemical cell preferably comprises a heat-conducting layer element and a further heat-conducting layer element. The heat-conducting layer element is arranged in particular on a side of the heat-insulating layer element facing away from the side wall, directly or in contact with the heat-insulating layer element by means of a further connecting layer element. The further heat-conducting layer element is arranged in particular on a side of the further heat-insulating layer element facing away from the further side wall directly or in contact with the further heat-insulating layer element by means of a further connecting layer element.

It can be provided that the electrochemical cell comprises a heat-insulating layer element or a heat-insulating layer element and a heat-conducting layer element in the interior exclusively on one side. A symmetrical arrangement of layer elements is preferably formed by mounting in an electrochemical unit, with several electrochemical cells adjoining one another with a heat-insulating layer element arranged on one side or a heat-insulating layer element and a heat-conducting layer element.

The electrochemical cell according to the invention preferably has one or more of the features and / or advantages described in connection with the heat-conducting structure according to the invention.

The present invention also relates to an electrochemical unit comprising at least two electrochemical cells according to the invention.

• - Bereitstellen eines wärmeleitenden Lagenelements;
• - Bereitstellen eines weiteren wärmeleitenden Lagenelements;
• - Bereitstellen mindestens eines wärmeisolierenden Lagenelements;
• - Verbinden des wärmeleitenden Lagenelements, des mindestens einen wärmeisolierenden Lagenelements und des weiteren wärmeleitenden Lagenelements zur Herstellung eines Wärmeleitelements,

wobei das mindestens eine wärmeisolierende Lagenelement zwischen dem wärmeleitenden Lagenelement und dem weiteren wärmeleitenden Lagenelement angeordnet wird. The present invention also relates to a method for producing a heat-conducting structure, in particular a heat-conducting structure according to the invention, the method comprising the following:

• - providing a thermally conductive layer element;
• - Provision of a further thermally conductive layer element;
• - Provision of at least one heat-insulating layer element;
• - Connecting the heat-conducting layer element, the at least one heat-insulating layer element and the further heat-conducting layer element to produce a heat-conducting element,

wherein the at least one heat-insulating layer element is arranged between the heat-conducting layer element and the further heat-conducting layer element.

The method according to the invention preferably has one or more of the features and / or advantages described in connection with the heat-conducting structure according to the invention.

Preferably, symmetrically constructed heat conduction structures have a reduced handling effort during production and / or lower costs during production compared to asymmetrically constructed structures.

In one embodiment of the invention, it can be provided that several electrochemical cells arranged in a row next to one another or one behind the other are separated from one another by means of several identically designed heat conducting elements. In particular, an electrochemical cell and a heat conducting element always alternate along the row of electrochemical cells.

Furthermore, it can be provided that several electrochemical cells arranged in a row next to one another or one behind the other are separated from one another by means of several differently designed heat conducting elements. For example, two or more different types or types of heat-conducting elements are provided, which in particular are arranged alternately between the electrochemical cells. In particular, one electrochemical cell, then a heat conducting element of a first type or a first type, then a further electrochemical cell, then a heat conducting element of a second type or a second type are provided as a recurring or repeating unit.

The heat-conducting elements of the first type or of the first type are, for example, heat-conducting elements according to the invention, while the heat-conducting elements of the second type or of the second type comprise, for example, only a single heat-conducting layer element and / or no heat-insulating layer element.

In particular, two successive electrochemical cells are then always separated from one another only by means of a heat-conducting layer element and not thermally insulated from one another by means of a heat-insulating layer element.

Further preferred features and / or advantages of the invention are the subject of the following description and the graphic representation of exemplary embodiments.

• 1 eine schematische Darstellung einer ersten Ausführungsform einer elektrochemischen Einheit, bei welcher mittels einer Wärmeleitstruktur eine elektrochemische Zelle und eine weitere elektrochemische Zelle voneinander getrennt sind;
• 2 eine der 1 entsprechende schematische Darstellung einer zweiten Ausführungsform einer elektrochemischen Einheit, bei welcher eine Unterbrechung in einem Wärmeübertragungselement und einem weiteren Wärmeübertragungselement vorgesehen ist;
• 3 eine der 1 entsprechende schematische Darstellung einer dritten Ausführungsform einer elektrochemischen Einheit, bei welcher ein Klebefilm zwischen den elektrochemischen Zellen und dem Wärmeübertragungselement angeordnet ist;
• 4 eine der 1 entsprechende schematische Darstellung einer vierten Ausführungsform einer elektrochemischen Einheit, bei welcher eine Unterbrechung in einem Wärmeübertragungselement und einem weiteren Wärmeübertragungselement vorgesehen ist;
• 5 eine der 1 entsprechende schematische Darstellung einer fünften Ausführungsform einer elektrochemischen Einheit, bei welcher ein wärmeisolierendes Lagenelement direkt an ein Kühlelement anschließt;
• 6 eine der 1 entsprechende schematische Darstellung einer sechsten Ausführungsform einer elektrochemischen Einheit, bei welcher die elektrochemischen Zellen direkt an ein Kühlelement angrenzt;
• 7 eine der 1 entsprechende schematische Darstellung einer siebten Ausführungsform einer elektrochemischen Einheit, bei welcher sich ein Kühlelement an ein Zellterminal der elektrochemischen Zelle und an ein weiteres Zellterminal der weiteren elektrochemischen Zelle anschließt und Wärmeübertragungselemente zumindest teilweise zwischen dem Kühlelement und den elektrochemischen Zellen angeordnet sind;
• 8 eine schematische Darstellung einer Ausführungsform einer elektrochemischen Zelle, bei welcher zwei wärmeisolierende Lagenelemente innerhalb der elektrochemischen Zelle an eine Seitenwand und eine weitere Seitenwand angrenzend vorgesehen sind;
• 9 eine der 8 entsprechende schematische Darstellung einer weiteren Ausführungsform einer elektrochemischen Zelle, bei welcher zwei wärmeleitende und zwei wärmeisolierende Lagenelemente innerhalb der elektrochemischen Zelle angeordnet sind; und
• 10 eine der 8 entsprechende schematische Darstellung einer weiteren Ausführungsform einer elektrochemischen Zelle, bei welcher ein elektrochemisches Element der elektrochemischen Zelle innerhalb der elektrochemischen Zelle von einem wärmeleitenden Lagenelement zumindest dreiseitig umgeben ist.

In the drawings show:

• 1 a schematic representation of a first embodiment of an electrochemical unit in which an electrochemical cell and a further electrochemical cell are separated from one another by means of a heat conduction structure;
• 2 one of the 1 corresponding schematic representation of a second embodiment of an electrochemical unit, in which an interruption is provided in a heat transfer element and a further heat transfer element;
• 3 one of the 1 corresponding schematic representation of a third embodiment of an electrochemical unit, in which an adhesive film is arranged between the electrochemical cells and the heat transfer element;
• 4th one of the 1 corresponding schematic representation of a fourth embodiment of an electrochemical unit, in which an interruption is provided in a heat transfer element and a further heat transfer element;
• 5 one of the 1 corresponding schematic representation of a fifth embodiment of an electrochemical unit, in which a heat-insulating layer element is directly connected to a cooling element;
• 6th one of the 1 corresponding schematic representation of a sixth embodiment of an electrochemical unit, in which the electrochemical cells are directly adjacent to a cooling element;
• 7th one of the 1 corresponding schematic representation of a seventh embodiment of an electrochemical unit in which a cooling element adjoins a cell terminal of the electrochemical cell and a further cell terminal of the further electrochemical cell and heat transfer elements are at least partially arranged between the cooling element and the electrochemical cells;
• 8th a schematic representation of an embodiment of an electrochemical cell, in which two heat-insulating layer elements are provided within the electrochemical cell adjacent to a side wall and a further side wall;
• 9 one of the 8th corresponding schematic representation of a further embodiment of an electrochemical cell, in which two heat-conducting and two heat-insulating layer elements are arranged within the electrochemical cell; and
• 10 one of the 8th Corresponding schematic representation of a further embodiment of an electrochemical cell, in which an electrochemical element of the electrochemical cell within the electrochemical cell is surrounded at least on three sides by a thermally conductive layer element.

Identical or functionally equivalent elements are provided with the same reference symbols in all figures.

In 1 shows an electrochemical unit designated as a whole by 100 according to a first embodiment. The electrochemical unit 100 is in particular an accumulator device or a battery device and is used, for example, in vehicles.

The electrochemical unit 100 preferably comprises an electrochemical cell 102 and another electrochemical cell 102 , in which electrical energy can be stored, via two cell terminals 104 the electrochemical cell 102 and two more cell terminals 104 the further electrochemical cell 102 can be supplied and / or tapped.

The two cell terminals 104 preferably form connections of an electrochemical element (not shown in detail) 103 , especially connections to a cell roll. The two other cell terminals also form 104 the further electrochemical cell 102 preferably connections to a further electrochemical element 103 , especially to another cell roll.

The electrochemical cells 102 are for example lithium ion cells.

In an orientation in which the cell terminals 104 and the other cell terminals 104 are arranged above, indicate a height direction of the electrochemical cell 102 and a height direction of the further electrochemical cell 102 preferably in the same direction as a main direction of extent 106 the electrochemical cell 102 or a further main direction of extent 106 the further electrochemical cell 102 .

The main direction of extent 106 and the further main direction of extent 106 are preferably parallel to all of the side walls 110 the electrochemical cell 102 or the further electrochemical cell 102 aligned.

The side walls 110 are preferably housing walls that have a cover element 109 at which the cell terminals 104 are arranged, and one of the cover element 109 opposite bottom 108 connect.

The cover element 109 and the bottom 108 preferably also form housing walls and are in particular arranged at least approximately parallel to one another with respect to their main planes of extent.

The main direction of extent 106 the electrochemical cell 102 and the further main direction of extent 106 the further electrochemical cell 102 are preferably identical.

The electrochemical cell 102 and the further electrochemical cell 102 are preferably at least approximately cuboid and in particular two opposing housing walls are arranged at least approximately parallel to one another.

By means of a heat conduction structure 112 are the electrochemical cell 102 and the further electrochemical cell 102 preferably kept separate from one another and / or spaced apart from one another.

The thermal conduction structure 112 preferably comprises a heat conducting element 114 , a heat transfer element 116 and another heat transfer element 116 .

The heat conducting element 114 preferably forms a spatial and / or thermal partition wall 105 between the two electrochemical cells 102 and / or is in a space 111 between facing side walls of the two electrochemical cells 102 arranged.

The gap 111 is preferably at least approximately completely from the heat conducting element 114 filled out.

The heat conducting element 114 in particular comprises at least one heat-insulating layer element 118 , preferably exactly one heat-insulating layer element 118 , a thermally conductive sheet element 120 and another thermally conductive sheet element 120 . The heat-insulating layer element 118 is preferably between the thermally conductive sheet element 120 and the further thermally conductive sheet element 120 arranged.

The heat-insulating layer element 118 and / or the thermally conductive layer element 120 and / or the further heat-conducting layer element 120 are preferably bulk materials and / or surface elements which, in particular, together form a layer structure.

A middle plane 122 of the heat-insulating sheet element 118 is preferably at least approximately parallel to a center plane 124a of the thermally conductive sheet element 120 and / or to a central plane 124b further thermally conductive layer element 120 aligned.

The middle plane 122 of the heat-insulating sheet element 118 is preferably identical to a central plane 122 of the heat conducting element 114 . The middle plane 122 of the heat-insulating sheet element 118 is in particular parallel or identical to a main plane of extent of the heat-insulating layer element 118 .

It can be beneficial if one in a direction perpendicular to its center plane 122 taken maximum extension of the heat conducting element 114 approx. 1% or less, for example approx. 0.5% or less, of an extension in the further in the central plane 122 lying spatial directions is.

The middle plane 122 of the heat-insulating sheet element 118 preferably forms a plane of symmetry 128 , with respect to which the heat-conducting element 114 Is designed mirror-symmetrically.

Due to the presence and arrangement of the heat insulating sheet member 118 forms the heat conducting element 114 in particular a heat transfer protection structure 115 .

A "thermal runaway" in which an electrochemical cell overheats 102 comes, and the resulting heat in particular on neighboring electrochemical cells 102 overlaps and spreads domino-like, is preferably avoidable.

For example, heat is due to heat insulating properties of a material of the heat insulating sheet member 118 at least in one direction transverse or perpendicular to the median plane 122 of the heat conducting element 114 not from the thermally conductive sheet element 120 on the further thermally conductive layer element 120 transferable. In particular, heat is not from the electrochemical cell 102 on the further electrochemical cell 102 transferable.

The heat insulating properties of the heat insulating sheet element 118 are preferably intrinsic material properties. Alternatively, the heat-insulating properties of the heat-insulating sheet element 118 extrinsic, and are preferably by means of a coolant flow, in particular a passage of water through the heat-insulating layer element 118 , educated.

Preferably the heat-insulating sheet element is 118 formed filled with gel and / or granules.

The heat-insulating layer element 118 preferably comprises or is formed from one or more of the following materials: mica, asbestos, ceramic / silicate fibers, support structures which have, for example, inclusions filled with non-combustible gas and / or non-combustible liquid.

The thermally conductive layer element 120 and / or the further heat-conducting layer element 120 preferably comprises or is formed from one or more of the following materials: graphite material, in particular pyrolytic graphite layers, metal foils, plastic foils with integrated metal particles and / or ceramic particles.

It can be provided that the heat-insulating layer element 118 cohesively by means of a connecting layer element 130 on the thermally conductive sheet element 120 is fixed.

In particular, the heat-insulating layer element 118 by means of a further connecting layer element 130 on the further heat-conducting layer element 120 firmly established.

Alternatively, it can be provided that the heat-conducting layer element 120 and / or the further heat-conducting layer element 120 directly on the heat-insulating layer element 118 is set (not shown).

It can be advantageous if the electrochemical cell 102 and the further electrochemical cell 102 by means of further connecting layer elements 130 on the thermally conductive sheet element 120 and / or the further heat-conducting layer element 120 are firmly established. So is preferably tensioning the electrochemical cells 102 dispensable.

Alternatively it can be provided that the electrochemical cell 102 and the further electrochemical cell 102 by means of a bracing element at least approximately perpendicular to the main direction of extent 106 are clamped, with connecting layer elements 130 can be dispensable (not shown).

The connecting layer elements 130 preferably comprise adhesive and / or are adhesive films 132 . Alternatively, individual or all connecting layer elements are used 130 Polymer tapes, especially polyester tapes, for example polyethylene terephthalate tapes.

The heat conduction structure preferably comprises 114 a heat transfer element 116 and another heat transfer element 116 . The heat transfer element 116 and / or the further heat transfer element 116 extend in particular to the cell terminals 104 facing away undersides 108 of the electrochemical cells 102 .

For example, the heat transfer element 116 integral with the thermally conductive sheet element 120 educated. It can be favorable if the further heat transfer element 116 integral with the further heat-conducting layer element 120 is trained.

It can be advantageous if the heat transfer element 116 and the further heat transfer element extends along a common center plane 129 extend. The middle plane 129 of the heat transfer element 116 and the further heat transfer element 116 is preferably at least approximately perpendicular to the central plane 122 of the heat conducting element 114 arranged.

The heat transfer element 116 and the further heat transfer element 116 are preferably part of a cold room 113 for cooling the electrochemical cells 102 , which - by means of a transition area 117 separated - to the space in between 111 connects.

Preferably form the heat conducting element 114 , the heat transfer element 116 and the further heat transfer element 116 in a longitudinal section through the electrochemical unit 100 an upturned T-shape with a crossbar on the underside 108 of the electrochemical cells 102 is arranged.

Alternatively, it can be provided that the heat transfer element 116 and the heat conducting element 114 in a longitudinal section through the electrochemical unit 100 form an L shape. The further heat transfer element 116 and a further heat-conducting element (not shown) then preferably form a further L-shape, the crossbeams of which are directly attached to the longitudinal bars of the heat transfer element 116 and the heat conducting element 114 formed L-shape connects.

It can be beneficial if the heat conduction structure 112 a cooling element 131 includes. The cooling element 131 is preferably part of the cold room 113 and / or is plate-shaped. In particular, there is a central plane of the cooling element 131 at least approximately parallel to the central plane 129 of the heat transfer element 116 and / or the midplane 129 further heat transfer element 116 arranged.

There is preferably direct material contact between the heat transfer element 116 and the cooling element 131 or the further heat transfer element 116 and the cooling element 131 . Improved heat transfer can thus be achieved.

The cooling element 131 is preferably a heat sink, for example a cooling plate 133 .

Preferably is between the cooling element 131 and the heat insulating sheet member 118 a transition room 134 formed, which completely or partially the transition area 117 between the space 111 and the refrigerator 113 forms. The transition room 134 preferably forms an area with reduced heat conduction compared to the heat-conducting length elements 120 and the heat transfer elements 116 .

The transition room 134 is created in particular by the fact that an end face 136 des at least approximately perpendicular to the heat transfer element 116 arranged heat-insulating sheet element 118 from the cooling element 131 is arranged spaced.

In the electrochemical cells 102 The resulting heat is preferably in or opposite to the main directions of extent 106 of the electrochemical cells by means of the thermally conductive layer elements 120 derivable. Preferably the heat transfer elements are 116 by means of the cooling element 131 coolable and / or heat from the heat-conducting layer elements 120 by means of the heat transfer elements 116 on the cooling element 131 transferable. Due to the thermally conductive properties of the thermally conductive layer elements 120 are the electrochemical cells 102 preferably by means of the cold room 113 coolable.

Heat generated by the electrochemical cells 102 on the heat-conducting layer elements 120 is transferable, is preferably not due to the heat-insulating layer element in directions perpendicular to the central plane 122 of the heat-insulating sheet element 118 from the thermally conductive sheet element 120 transferable to the further thermally conductive layer element. Rather, the heat is by means of the thermally conductive layer elements 120 can be derived in directions arranged perpendicular thereto.

The thermal conduction structure 112 can be produced, for example, using the method described below.

First, the production of the heat conducting structure 112 a thermally conductive sheet element 120 and another thermally conductive sheet element 120 provided.

The thermally conductive layer element 120 and the further thermally conductive sheet element 120 are provided in particular in film form. However, it can also be provided that the heat-conducting layer element 120 and / or the further heat-conducting layer element 120 be applied in viscous form to a surface, in particular in such a way that a film made of the material of the thermally conductive layer element 120 and / or a film made from the material of the further heat-conducting layer element 120 forms.

In particular, at least one heat-insulating layer element 118 provided, wherein the heat insulating sheet member 118 is provided in particular in film form or as a viscous mass, in particular on the heat-conducting layer element 120 , is applied.

Preferably, the heat-conducting layer element 120 , the at least one heat-insulating layer element 118 and the further thermally conductive sheet element 120 with the formation of a heat-conducting element 114 connected with each other. In particular, the heat-conducting layer element 120 and the further thermally conductive sheet element 120 on opposite surfaces 150 of the at least one heat-insulating layer element 118 cohesively, for example by means of a connecting layer element 130 , with the at least one heat-insulating layer element 118 connected and / or fixed thereto.

It can be beneficial if a heat transfer element 116 is made of the same material as the heat-conducting layer elements and / or is made in one piece with the heat-conducting layer element 120 provided.

It can be advantageous if a further heat transfer element 116 made of the same material as the heat-conducting layer elements 120 is provided and / or in one piece with another heat-conducting layer element 120 provided.

The thermal conduction structure 114 , the heat transfer element 116 and the further heat transfer element 116 are in particular materially bonded, for example by means of several connecting layer elements 130 on an electrochemical cell 102 and another electrochemical cell 102 set.

It can be provided that then the electrochemical cells 102 and the previously described elements fixed thereto on a cooling element 131 placed on and / or connected to it.

One in 2 illustrated second embodiment of an electrochemical unit 100 essentially differs in terms of structure and function from the in 1 illustrated first embodiment that the heat transfer element 116 and the further heat transfer element 116 an interruption each time 138 have which, for example, is completely and / or at least approximately linear.

The interruptions 138 are designed in particular pointing in a direction which is perpendicular to the main direction of extent 106 of the electrochemical cells 102 is arranged. The direction in which the breaks 138 run, are preferably in a main plane of extent of the lower sides 108 of the electrochemical cells 102 .

The interruptions 138 in particular each form a heat transfer hurdle, especially since there is heat in the area of the interruption 138 compared to the transfer within a material of the heat transfer element 116 and the further heat transfer element 116 is less transferable.

Incidentally, the in 2 illustrated second embodiment of an electrochemical unit 100 in terms of structure and function with the in 1 first embodiment shown, so that reference is made to the description thereof.

One in 3 illustrated third embodiment of an electrochemical unit 100 differs in terms of structure and function from the in 1 illustrated first embodiment essentially in that the connecting layer element 130 and the further connecting layer element 130 along the from the cell terminal 104 opposite side (bottom 108 ) of the electrochemical cell 102 and one to the other cell terminal 104 the further electrochemical cell 102 further opposite side (bottom 108 ) extend.

Connecting layer elements 130 of adjacently arranged heat conducting elements 114 are preferably connected to one another. The electrochemical cell 102 and / or the further electrochemical cell 102 are in particular on five sides of the connecting layer elements 130 surrounded and / or by connecting layer elements 130 , for example adhesive films 132 and / or polymer tapes, coated.

The connecting layer elements 130 form in the area of the heat transfer elements 116 for example an intermediate layer in each case 135 .

Incidentally, the in 3 illustrated third embodiment of an electrochemical unit 100 in terms of structure and function with the in 1 first embodiment shown, so that reference is made to the description thereof.

In the 4th illustrated fourth embodiment of an electrochemical unit 100 essentially differs in terms of structure and function from the in 3 illustrated third embodiment that a heat transfer element 116 and another heat transfer element 116 an interruption each time 138 have which like the interruptions 138 in 2 are designed.

Incidentally, the in 4th illustrated fourth embodiment of an electrochemical unit 100 in terms of structure and function with the in 3 third embodiment shown, so that reference is made to the description thereof.

One in 5 illustrated fifth embodiment of an electrochemical unit 100 essentially differs in terms of structure and function from the in 3 illustrated third embodiment that between the heat insulating layer element 120 and the cooling element 131 no transition space 134 is trained. Rather, it is bordered by an end face 136 of the thermally conductive sheet element 120 directly to the cooling element 131 on and / or is on.

Incidentally, the in 5 Fifth embodiment shown in terms of structure and function with the in 3 third embodiment shown, so that reference is made to the description thereof.

One in 6th illustrated sixth embodiment of an electrochemical unit 100 differs in terms of structure and function from the in 1 illustrated first embodiment essentially in that the end face 136 of the heat-insulating sheet element 118 directly on the cooling element 131 rests and front sides 140 of the thermally conductive sheet element 120 and the further thermally conductive sheet element 120 are preferably also directly on the cooling element 131 on and / or are connected to it.

Preferably there are no heat transfer elements 116 intended.

Incidentally, the in 6th illustrated sixth embodiment of an electrochemical unit 100 in terms of structure and function with the in 1 first embodiment shown, so that reference is made to the description thereof.

One in 7th illustrated seventh embodiment of an electrochemical unit 100 essentially differs in terms of structure and function from the in 1 illustrated first embodiment that the heat transfer element 116 , the further heat transfer element 116 and the cooling element 131 on one of the cell terminals 104 and the other cell terminals 104 facing side (cover element 109 ) of the electrochemical cell 102 are arranged.

The heat conducting element 114 , the heat transfer element 116 and the further heat transfer element 116 form in a longitudinal section through the electrochemical unit 100 preferably a T-shape - which compared to the embodiments in FIGS 1 to 6th - is not upside down. A crossbar of the T-shape is on the side of the cover elements 109 of the electrochemical cells 102 arranged.

The cooling element 131 is particularly due to surfaces 142 the cell terminals 104 and / or the other cell terminals 104 immediately.

The heat transfer element 116 and / or the further heat transfer element 116 extend in particular in a space between the electrochemical cell 102 and/ or the further electrochemical cell 102 and the cooling element 131 .

Incidentally, the in 7th illustrated seventh embodiment of an electrochemical unit 100 in terms of structure and function with the in 1 first embodiment shown, so that reference is made to the description thereof.

In 8th is one embodiment of an electrochemical cell 102 shown, in which a heat insulating sheet element 120 and another heat insulating sheet member 120 in one of a housing 144 surrounding interior 146 are arranged.

The heat-insulating layer element 118 is in particular on a side wall 110 of the housing 144 the electrochemical cell 102 arranged, with a central plane 122a of the heat-insulating sheet element 118 essentially parallel to a main plane of extent 148a the side wall 110 extends.

The further heat-insulating layer element 118 is in particular on the further side wall 110 of the housing 144 the electrochemical cell 102 arranged and a central plane 122b furthermore heat-insulating layer element 120 is in particular at least approximately parallel to a main plane of extent 148b the other side wall 110 of the housing 144 the electrochemical cell 102 arranged.

The median planes 122a and 122b of the heat-insulating sheet element 118 and further heat insulating sheet member 118 are preferably arranged essentially parallel to one another.

The heat-insulating layer element 118 and / or the further heat-insulating layer element 118 preferably each have a connecting layer element on both sides 130 on. When the electrochemical cell is strained 102 by means of a bracing element (not shown), connecting layer elements 130 be dispensable.

Regarding the choice of materials are in the interior 116 the electrochemical cell 102 arranged heat-insulating layer elements 118 preferably like those related to the electrochemical unit 100 in 1 heat insulating sheet elements described 118 educated.

Thermally conductive layer elements 120 are in the in 8th illustrated embodiment of an electrochemical cell 102 preferably not provided.

In the interior 146 resulting heat is preferably by means of the interior 146 heat insulating layer element 118 and further heat insulating sheet member 118 shieldable.

The side walls are by means of the heat-insulating layer elements 110 the electrochemical cell 102 preferably thermally insulated from the inside to the outside on the one hand and from the outside to the inside on the other. There is preferably a heat input into the interior 146 from neighboring electrochemical cells 102 and / or heat propagation from the in 8th illustrated electrochemical cell 102 to neighboring electrochemical cells 102 minimized.

One in 9 illustrated further embodiment of an electrochemical cell 102 essentially differs in terms of structure and function from the in 8th illustrated embodiment that a thermally conductive layer element 120 and another thermally conductive sheet element 120 are provided, each on one of the side wall 110 facing away from the heat-insulating layer element 118 and one of the other side wall 110 remote side of the further heat-insulating layer element 118 are arranged.

Regarding the choice of materials are in the interior 116 the electrochemical cell 102 arranged heat-conducting layer elements 120 preferably like those related to the electrochemical unit 100 in 1 described thermally conductive sheet elements 120 educated.

The thermally conductive layer element 120 and the further thermally conductive sheet element 120 are preferably arranged facing the interior. By means of the thermally conductive layer element 120 and the further thermally conductive sheet element 120 is in the electrochemical cell 102 resulting heat in directions which are parallel to the side walls 110 are arranged, conductive and / or from the electrochemical cell 102 derivable. The heat is in particular by means of the cover element 109 and / or on the opposite underside 108 arranged elements (not shown) can be removed and / or the electrochemical cell 102 can be cooled by means of such elements (provided the elements have a cooling function).

The heat propagation through one of the heat insulating layer elements 118 through in directions which are perpendicular to median planes 148a , 148b the side walls 110 are preferably by means of the heat-insulating layer elements 118 prevented and / or minimized.

When assembling two adjacent electrochemical cells 102 according to the in 9 embodiment shown in an electrochemical unit 100 (not shown), a heat-conducting structure is preferably created 112 , their heat conducting element 114 two heat-insulating layer elements 118 from two different electrochemical cells 102 includes. The heat conducting element 114 is preferably halfway within an electrochemical cell 102 and half in another electrochemical cell 102 arranged. Two heat-insulating layer elements 118 are in particular through two adjacent side walls 110 of the two adjacent electrochemical cells 102 separated from each other.

A plane of symmetry 128 of the heat conducting element 114 is preferably between two adjacent side walls 110 arranged (not shown).

The side walls 100 and / or all of the housing walls are preferably formed from a metallic material, for example aluminum.

Incidentally, the in 9 illustrated further embodiment of an electrochemical cell 102 in terms of structure and function with the in 8th embodiment shown, so that reference is made to the description thereof.

One in 10 illustrated further embodiment of an electrochemical cell 102 essentially differs in terms of structure and function from the in 9 illustrated embodiment of an electrochemical cell 102 that the thermally conductive sheet element 120 and the further thermally conductive sheet element 120 through an angled section 147 are made of the same material. The angled section 147 is particularly within the electrochemical cell 102 arranged and its median plane 149 is in particular at least approximately perpendicular to the central planes 148a , 148b the side walls 110 arranged.

The thermally conductive layer element 120 , the further thermally conductive layer element 120 and the angled section 147 surround the electrochemical element 103 preferably at least three-sided, in particular five-sided.

Incidentally, the in 10 Another embodiment shown in terms of structure and function with the in 9 embodiment shown, so that reference is made to the description thereof.

By means of an electrochemical unit 100 and / or an electrochemical cell 102 , comprising thermally conductive sheet elements 120 and heat-insulating sheet elements 118 which with respect to a plane of symmetry 128 are arranged mirror-symmetrically, defined areas of heat conduction and areas of thermal insulation are preferably formed. In this way, controlled heat dissipation can be obtained. This preferably provides for improved fire protection, in particular fires in the electrochemical unit arising from a “thermal runaway” 100 and / or the electrochemical cell 102 .

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Non-patent literature cited

• Standard EN 13501-1 [0038]
• EN ISO 1182 [0041]
• EN ISO 1716 [0041]
• EN 13823 [0041]

Claims (18)

Thermally conductive structure (112) for separating a plurality of electrochemical cells (102) from one another and / or for influencing the spread of heat in electrochemical units (100), the thermal conductive structure (112) comprising a heat-conducting element (114), the heat-conducting element (114) comprising: - A thermally conductive sheet element (120); - Another heat-conducting layer element (120); and - At least one heat-insulating layer element (118), the at least one heat-insulating layer element (118) being arranged between the heat-conducting layer element (120) and the further heat-conducting layer element (120). Thermal conductive structure (112) according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the heat conducting element (114) forms a mechanical and / or a spatial and / or thermal partition wall (105) between two electrochemical cells (102). Thermal conductive structure (112) according to Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the heat conducting element (114) is mirror-symmetrical with respect to a plane of symmetry (128) of the heat conducting element (114) which is at least approximately parallel or identical to a center plane (122) of the heat conducting element (114). Thermally conductive structure (112) according to one of the Claims 1 to 3 characterized in that the heat conducting element (114) has a total thickness of approximately 1 mm or less, in particular approximately 0.2 mm or less, taken in a direction perpendicular to a center plane (122) of the heat conducting element (114). Thermally conductive structure (112) according to one of the Claims 1 to 4th , characterized in that between the heat-conducting layer element (120) and the at least one heat-insulating layer element (118) a connecting layer element (130) of the heat-conducting element (114), in particular for a material connection of the heat-conducting layer element (120) to the at least one heat-insulating layer element (118) ), is arranged and / or that between the further heat-conducting layer element (120) and the at least one heat-insulating layer element (118), in particular a further, connecting layer element (130) of the heat-conducting element (114), in particular for the material connection of the further heat-conducting layer element (120) ) with the at least one heat-insulating layer element (118) is arranged. Thermal conductive structure (112) according to Claim 5 , characterized in that the connecting layer element (130) and / or the further connecting layer element (130) comprise an adhesive or a polymer tape, for example a polyester tape, or are formed therefrom. Thermally conductive structure (112) according to one of the Claims 1 to 6th , characterized in that the thermally conductive layer element (120) and / or the further thermally conductive layer element (120) comprise or are formed from one or more of the following materials: graphite material, in particular pyrolytic graphite layers, metal foils, plastic foils with integrated metal particles and / or ceramic particles. Thermally conductive structure (112) according to one of the Claims 1 to 7th , characterized in that a material of the at least one heat-insulating layer element (118) is flame-retardant, in particular non-combustible, and in particular comprises or is formed from one or more of the following materials: mica, asbestos, ceramic / silicate fibers, support structures, which, for example, have inclusions filled with non-combustible gas and / or non-combustible liquid. Thermally conductive structure (112) according to one of the Claims 1 to 8th , characterized in that the heat conduction structure (112) comprises a heat transfer element (116) and a further heat transfer element (116), a center plane (129) of the heat transfer element (116) and / or the further heat transfer element (116) being transverse, for example at least approximately perpendicular , is arranged to a center plane (122) of the heat conducting element (114), in particular the heat transfer element (116) and the further heat transfer element (116) cohesively and / or heat transferring with the heat-conducting layer element (120) and / or the further heat-conducting layer element (120 ) are connected or formed in one piece therewith. Thermally conductive structure (112) according to one of the Claims 1 to 9 , characterized in that the heat conduction structure (112) comprises a heat transfer element (116) and a further heat transfer element (116), the heat transfer element (116) and / or the further heat transfer element (116) having an in particular linear and / or complete interruption ( 138) in a direction lying in a center plane (122) of the heat-conducting element (114). Electrochemical unit (100) comprising at least two electrochemical cells (102) and a heat conduction structure (112) according to one of the Claims 1 to 10 , wherein a heat conducting element (114) of Thermally conductive structure (112) is arranged between the at least two electrochemical cells (102). Electrochemical unit (100) according to Claim 11 , characterized in that the heat conduction structure (112) comprises a heat transfer element (116) and a further heat transfer element (116) and that one of the at least two electrochemical cells (102) and / or another of the at least two electrochemical cells (102) at least partially directly or is arranged adjacent to the heat transfer element (116) and / or the further heat transfer element (116) by means of an intermediate layer (135). Electrochemical unit (100) according to Claim 11 or 12 characterized in that the heat conducting structure (112) of the electrochemical unit (100) comprises a heat transfer element (116), a further heat transfer element (116) and a cooling element (131) adjoining the heat transfer element (116) and the further heat transfer element (116) and that the heat transfer element (116), the further heat transfer element (116) and the cooling element (131) adjoining the heat transfer element (116) and the further heat transfer element (116) on a cell terminal (104) of the electrochemical cell (102) and / or a further cell terminal (104) of the further electrochemical cell (102) facing away from the side (108) of the respective electrochemical cell (102). Electrochemical unit (100) according to Claim 11 or 12 , characterized in that the heat conduction structure (112) comprises a heat transfer element (116), a further heat transfer element (116) and a cooling element (131) adjoining the heat transfer element (116) and the further heat transfer element (116) and that the heat transfer element (116 ), the further heat transfer element (116) and the cooling element (131) adjoining the heat transfer element (116) and the further heat transfer element (116) on a cell terminal (104) of the electrochemical cell (102) and / or a further cell terminal (104 ) the further electrochemical cell (102) facing side (109) of the respective electrochemical cell (102) are arranged. An electrochemical cell (102), the electrochemical cell (102) comprising: - A housing (144) for receiving an electrochemical element, the housing (144) surrounding an interior space (146) and comprising at least one side wall (110) and a further side wall (110), which has a cover element (109) and an underside ( 108) connecting the electrochemical cell (102); - A heat-insulating layer element (118) and a further heat-insulating layer element (118), wherein the heat-insulating layer element (118) is arranged directly or by means of a connecting layer element (130) adjacent to the side wall (110) and the further heat-insulating layer element (118) directly or is arranged adjacent to the further side wall (110) by means of a further connecting layer element (130). Electrochemical cell (102) according to Claim 15 , characterized in that the electrochemical cell (102) comprises a heat-conducting layer element (120) and a further heat-conducting layer element (120), the heat-conducting layer element (120) directly on a side of the heat-insulating layer element (118) facing away from the side wall (110) or is arranged adjacent to the heat-insulating layer element (118) by means of a further connecting layer element (130) and the further heat-conducting layer element (120) on a side of the further heat-insulating layer element (118) facing away from the further side wall (110) directly or by means of a further connecting layer element (130) is arranged adjacent to the further heat-insulating layer element (118). An electrochemical unit (100) comprising at least two electrochemical cells (102) according to Claim 15 or 16 . Method for producing a heat-conducting structure (112), in particular a heat-conducting structure (112) according to one of the Claims 1 to 10 wherein the method comprises: - providing a thermally conductive sheet element (120); - Provision of a further heat-conducting layer element (120); - providing at least one heat-insulating layer element (118); - Connecting the heat-conducting layer element (120), the at least one heat-insulating layer element (118) and the further heat-conducting layer element (120) to produce a heat-conducting element (114), the at least one heat-insulating layer element (118) between the heat-conducting layer element (120) and the further heat-conducting layer element (120) is arranged.

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