DE102019134380A1 - ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER, POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR OPERATING SUCH A CHARGER - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for operating a charger (1) for an electric vehicle (36), the charger (1) being connected to a local energy supply system (26). The inventive method enables an electric vehicle to be charged particularly effectively For this purpose, measured value data are received from the charger (1) by at least one first sensor device (42) and / or from an energy management device (17) of the energy supply system (26) and, in order to control a charging process, one is sent to the charger (1) connected electric vehicle (36) is evaluated by the charger (1) for energy management purposes, the measured value data relating to measured values measured by the at least first sensor device (42) in the area of the local energy supply system (26) and outside the charger (1) become.

Description

The invention relates to a charger for an electric vehicle with an input-side power connection which can be electrically connected to at least one phase of a local energy supply system for receiving electrical power, an output-side power connection for delivering electrical power to an electric vehicle and one of the two power connections interconnected wired power path. The charger also includes a controller and a disconnection device that can be controlled by this for the optional interruption of the power path, the controller having at least one interface set up to receive data from outside the charger.

The invention also relates to an energy supply system with at least one charger for electric vehicles and a locally limited distribution network which is electrically connected to a public power supply network via a network connection point, the charger being connected to at least one phase of the distribution network of the energy supply system.

The invention also relates to a method for operating a charger for an electric vehicle, the charger being connected to a local energy supply system.

The drive train of an electric vehicle with an electric motor is supplied with electrical power from a battery device arranged in the electric vehicle, which must be connected to an external charger for electric vehicles in order to be recharged. In general, a wired connection is temporarily established between the electric car and a power connection on the output side of the charger. Charging devices of this type can be provided, for example, at publicly accessible charging stations or, for example, can be arranged in an accessible manner on a building, the charging device being connected to the electrical house network. Depending on the configuration of the battery device of the electric vehicle, it can be charged with direct voltage or alternating voltage. To control the charging process, there can be a bidirectional communication link between the charger and the electric vehicle, which is for example wired. Charging cables of this type have, in addition to a neutral conductor, a PE conductor and one or three phase lines in the charging cable, other cables for bidirectional communication between the vehicle and the charger for the transmission of electrical energy. For this purpose, there can be, for example, two further lines arranged in the charging cable, which are usually referred to as CP conductors and PP conductors. Since high electrical currents flow when an electric vehicle is being charged, the charger must be connected to the energy supply system via cables that are suitable for the load. If the charger is designed for three-phase charging of the electric vehicle, the input-side power connection of the charger also has three phases and can accordingly be connected via three lines to three phases of the distribution network of the energy supply system. If the charger is only equipped for single-phase charging, one line is sufficient to connect the charger to the distribution network. For safety reasons, it can be provided that the output-side power connection is voltage-free before the charger is connected to an electric vehicle. For this purpose, the charger includes a disconnecting device that can be controlled by the charger's controller and, if necessary, interrupts the power path between the input-side power connection and the output-side power connection in the charger. It can also be provided that at the end of a charging process the electric vehicle ends the charging process and sends a corresponding message via the charging cable to the charger, so that the charger reacts with a corresponding interruption of the power path by activating the disconnecting device and, if necessary, the charging cable for removal releases. In addition, a charger for electric vehicles can be set up via a corresponding interface to receive data from a ripple control signal from a public power supply network. By means of such a ripple control signal, the operator of the public power supply network can stop charging power for electric vehicles from the public power supply network if the same is overloaded.

The invention is based on the object of specifying a charger of the type mentioned at the beginning, an energy supply system of the type mentioned at the beginning and a method for operating a charger of the type mentioned at the beginning, with which charging of an electric vehicle can be carried out particularly effectively.

The object is achieved according to the invention with a charger of the type mentioned at the outset in that the controller is set up and designed to carry out at least one energy management function via at least one of these interfaces for receiving and evaluating measured value data.

Due to the inventive design of the charger, this has a special quick reaction time in order to be able to react more quickly and thus more effectively to situations indicated by the measured value data. This time advantage can be decisive, for example, in order to prevent a main safety device at the network connection point of the energy supply system from being triggered and / or a maximum permissible unbalanced load at the network connection point from being exceeded due to the charging process when the electric vehicle is being charged due to a sudden energy demand from other consumers connected to the energy supply system. An evaluation of measured value data known from the prior art by an energy management device of a local energy supply system of a building, which controls the loads in the distribution network accordingly, is slower in terms of its response time, so that even if an energy management device is present to control the loads in the local distribution network, according to the invention a charging process on the charger can be carried out more effectively if the charger is designed to carry out at least one energy management function by means of an independent evaluation of measured value data in addition to the energy management device. In other words, the charger is able to control a charging process of an electric vehicle connected to the charger to receive measured value data via the at least one interface set up to receive data from outside the charger and to evaluate it for energy management purposes. The charger is therefore not only set up to carry out an energy management function, such as when the ripple control signal is received in accordance with the prior art or when the charger is activated by an energy management device in accordance with the prior art, but also to carry out at least one energy management function in which an evaluation takes place from measured value data in the charger itself and, derived from this evaluation, a need for action or a measure for energy management purposes is derived / selected by the charger itself. In this way, the charger can, for example, charge the electric vehicle with particularly high power and still ensure a peak-shaving process due to the charging process, in which the maximum power consumption of the energy supply system is maintained.

The charger can be designed for single-phase charging of an electric vehicle. For this purpose, the charger has a power connection on the input side, which is designed at least to connect to one phase of a distribution network of an energy supply system. The charger can also be designed for three-phase charging of an electric vehicle. For this purpose, the charger has a three-phase power connection on the input side for connecting three phases of a distribution network of an energy supply system. The charger can also be designed for both three-phase and single-phase charging. The charger can be designed for charging with AC voltage. In this case there is no need for a rectifier in the power path of the charger. The charger could, however, also be designed for charging with direct voltage. The charger includes a disconnect device for interrupting the power path in the charger. The separating device can be, for example, a contactor that can be controlled by the controller of the charger. In principle, the charger can also be upgraded to feed electrical energy from the battery device into the local distribution network, since no other structure of the components is necessary for this.

The control of the charger can include one or more microcontrollers and interfaces for receiving the measured value data and other data. The charger can also be controlled via one of these interfaces for bidirectional communication with an energy management device. The control can be divided into several, also spatially separate, sub-units, for example a first sub-unit with a microcontroller maintaining a bidirectional communication connection with the connected electric vehicle via an interface during operation. This first sub-unit can be connected via bidirectional communication to a second sub-unit with a second microcontroller of the control, which, among other things, can be designed to receive and evaluate the measured value data. This second sub-unit can be designed, for example, in such a way that, in the event of a need for adjustment or a need to interrupt the charging process, based on the evaluation of the measured value data, this second sub-unit interrupts the charging process directly by activating the separating device and, in parallel, via the first sub-unit or directly terminates the charging process the electric vehicle can communicate. In addition, this second sub-unit can be designed to receive the ripple control signal, in particular via an interface provided specifically for this purpose on the second sub-unit. In addition, this second subunit can include a WLAN interface and an interface for a wired connection, in particular to an energy management device of the energy supply system. This wired connection can, for example, enable the exchange of data bidirectionally via a network protocol, for example via the network protocol TCPIP. For example, the charger can use the measured value data, in particular from the energy management device, to use it Receive connection, for example at intervals. In order to enable a fast reaction time of the charger, the interface and the control can be designed in such a way that the measured value data can be sent to and received from the charger, for example every 200 ms or for example once a second. In this case, the at least one sensor device measures measured values and converts them into measured value data in order to transmit the values. If the charger is set up to receive the measured value data via the energy management device, it can, depending on the protocol type, convert these measured value data into other measured value data to transmit the measured value data to the charger or, if the protocol type is the same, simply forward it. The charger can in particular be designed and set up to receive current values in the form of measured value data, which were measured at or in the area of a network connection point of the local energy supply system. In addition, the charger can also be designed to receive voltage values and phase angles in the form of measured value data, which were also measured at or in the area of a network connection point of the local energy supply system. As an energy management function of the charger, for example, the monitoring of the current values at the network connection point can be implemented and the control of the charging process can be designed in such a way that triggering a main fuse device at the network connection point of the energy supply system due to the charging process by the charger is avoided and / or that a maximum permissible value is not exceeded Unbalanced load at the grid connection point is observed. The term network connection point is not to be taken literally, as it is not a point in the literal sense, but a connection point between the distribution network of the local energy supply system and a public power supply network. The connection point comprises as many phases as the distribution network. In the case of an electrical distribution network in a house, the house connection to the main fuse is referred to as the network connection point.

Advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the following description and the subclaims, the features of which can be used individually and in any combination with one another.

Provision can advantageously be made for the measured value data to relate to measured values measured outside the charger and in the area of the energy supply system.

The control is thus designed to evaluate this measured value data. Both the hardware of the controller with regard to the speed of processing and the software implemented in the controller are designed accordingly for evaluating the measured value data to carry out the at least one energy management function. For example, at least some of the measured value data can relate to locally generated power that is currently being provided by at least one energy source of the energy supply system. These measured value data can be transmitted, for example, in the form of current measured value data. The charger can also receive a ripple control signal from a control room of the public power supply network via one of the interfaces, to which the energy supply system is connected via a network connection point of the energy supply system. The operator of the power supply network can use the ripple control signal to specify, for example, that until the ripple control signal is canceled, chargers for electric vehicles may draw no power or only one power per charger up to a certain limit value from the power supply network. After receiving the ripple control signal, the charger can adjust its power consumption by evaluating the measured value data in such a way that the charger complies with the limit value specified by the ripple control signal for the power consumption from the public grid, in that the charger provides the electric vehicle with more electrical power than the limit value the locally generated power that is available for the charging process is made available for charging.

It can advantageously be provided that at least some of the measured value data relate to measured values measured at least in the area or at a network connection point connecting the energy supply system to a public power supply network.

It can also be seen as advantageous that the measured values include current measured values of current values limited by a main fuse device at the network connection point on the phases, which can be connected to the input-side power connection of the charger.

Advantageously, it can also be provided that the control is designed and set up to avoid the main fuse device being triggered by a charging process of the charger, during a charging process of the charger, the current values at least on the phases affected by the charging process at the network connection point by receiving and evaluating the corresponding measured value -To monitor data and by comparing the current measured values with at least one predetermined limit value Adjust or interrupt consumption of electrical power.

To adapt the consumption of electrical power, the controller of the charger can transmit a corresponding signal to the electric vehicle. With this energy management function, the charger can, for example, support peak-shaving operation of the energy supply system. If a quick interruption of the charging process is required, the control can directly control the disconnection device of the charger in order to interrupt the power path within the charger. The at least one predetermined limit value can be selected in such a way that, on the one hand, it is below a current value that triggers the main fuse and, on the other hand, is as close as possible to this in order to achieve short charging times, with the main fuse device being triggered due to the charging process due to the distance between the respective - possibly situation-dependent selected - specified limit value and the triggering current value is safely avoided.

It can also be seen as advantageous that the controller is designed and set up to monitor the current values on the phases at the network connection point during a single-phase charging process of the charger by receiving and evaluating the corresponding measured value data and an unbalanced load between those affected by the charging process Phase and the other phases at the grid connection point and adjust or interrupt the consumption of electrical power in such a way that a maximum permissible unbalanced load at the grid connection point is avoided by the charging process of the charger.

The value of a maximum permissible unbalanced load can be specified by the operator of the public power supply network. The unbalanced load refers to a difference in the electrical power that is drawn across the phases at the network connection point, whereby the difference between the electrical powers or between the current values on the phases should not exceed the maximum permissible unbalanced load. To determine the unbalanced load, the control can also receive and evaluate current voltage values between a reference potential and the respective phases at the network connection point when determining the unbalanced load as measured value data. When determining the unbalanced load by the control, however, for the sake of simplicity, the same voltage values can also be assumed on all phases of the power supply network. The embodiment of the invention enables single-phase charging of the electric vehicle with a particularly high power, which is only limited by the maximum permissible unbalanced load and possibly by the main fuse device.

Another object of the invention is to specify an energy supply system of the type mentioned at the outset with which the charging of an electric vehicle can be carried out particularly effectively.

For this purpose, the energy supply system comprises an energy management device and at least one first sensor device arranged outside the charger, which is arranged and set up at least for measuring current values on all phases at or in the area of the network connection point, the charger being designed according to one of claims 1 to 6 and for Receiving at least the measured value data relating to the current values measured by the first sensor device is communicatively connected to the energy management device and / or the first sensor device.

The energy supply system can be, for example, an energy generation system which can include a photovoltaic system to generate the energy and has several consumers connected to the distribution network of the energy generation system, the energy management device, for example, depending on the output of the photovoltaic system, predetermined operating times and / or priorities of the Consumers and the choice of a charging mode for the electric vehicle controls the consumption of electrical power of the individual consumers, the charger independently performing at least one energy management function independently of this by means of receiving and evaluating the measured value data and can deviate from the specifications of the energy management device. With regard to possible configurations of the charger and the communication connection (s) for transmitting the measured value data and the at least one energy management function of the charger, reference is also made at this point to the statements made above in relation to claims 1 to 6.

To increase the functional reliability, it can be provided that the communication connection from the energy management device and / or the first sensor device to the charger is wired.

The transmission can take place, for example, by means of a network protocol, for example TCPIP.

A further advantageous embodiment of the invention can provide that the communication link from the energy management device and / or the first sensor device is set up to transmit the measured value data at time intervals.

The transmission of the measured value data can take place, for example, in intervals of less than 2 seconds, in particular essentially every second, in particular essentially every 200 milliseconds. The specified time intervals allow a sufficiently short reaction time of the charger to be able to charge the electric vehicle with higher power and still safely avoid triggering the main fuse at the grid connection point and / or exceeding a maximum permissible unbalanced load at the grid connection point.

Another object of the invention is to provide a method of the type mentioned at the beginning for operating a charger, with which the charging of an electric vehicle can be carried out particularly effectively.

The object according to the invention is achieved in a method of the type mentioned at the outset in that at least one first sensor device and / or from an energy management device of the energy supply system receive measured value data from the charger and to control a charging process of an electric vehicle connected to the charger from the charger Energy management purposes are evaluated, wherein the measured value data relate to measured values that are measured within the local energy supply system and outside the charger by the at least first sensor device.

With regard to possible configurations, reference is also made to the statements relating to the device claims.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the charger can receive the measured value data at time intervals, in particular from the energy management device, and evaluate it for its own energy management functions independently of the energy management device.

It can also advantageously be provided that the charger controls the charging process of the electric vehicle during operation with the electric vehicle connected by means of at least part of the measured value data in such a way that a main fuse device arranged at a network connection point connecting the energy supply system to a public power supply network is triggered due to the charging process the charger is avoided and / or, in the case of a single-phase charging process, exceeding a maximum permissible unbalanced load at the grid connection point due to the charging process by the charger is avoided and / or a specified value for the power consumption of the energy supply system is adhered to by the charging process.

Further useful refinements and advantages of the invention are the subject matter of the description of exemplary embodiments of the invention with reference to the figure of the drawing, the same reference symbols referring to components that have the same effect.

• 1 schematisch ein Ladegerät gemäß einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung in einem Längsschnitt,
• 2 schematisch eine Energieversorgungsanlage gemäß einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung

The

• 1 schematically a charger according to a first embodiment of the invention in a longitudinal section,
• 2 schematically an energy supply system according to a second embodiment of the invention

The 1 shows schematically a charger 1 according to a first embodiment of the invention. The charger 1 includes a three-phase input power connection 2 that with three phases P1 , P2 , P3 a local distribution network of a power supply system is electrically connectable. The charger also includes a power connection on the output side 3 for connection to a charging cable of an electric vehicle for the delivery of electrical power to the electric vehicle. The output-side power connection 3 comprises three phase connections each connected to a phase, one with a neutral conductor N connected connection, one with protective earth PE connected port, one with a communication line CP connected port and one with a communication line PP connected port. Between the input power connection 2 and the power connection on the output side 3 runs a three-phase power path 4th through an electricity meter 5 and a separator 6th . The charger 1 includes a controller 8th that are in a first subunit 9 and a second subunit 10 is divided, each subunit 9 , 10 has a microcontroller. The control 8th has three interfaces for receiving data from outside the charger. the interface 12th is designed to receive signals via a WLAN connection. the interface 13th is designed to receive a ripple control signal from a control room (not shown) of the public power supply network (not shown), which is connected to the energy supply system (not shown) via a network connection point (not shown). the interface 14th is for receiving measured value data via a wired communication link 16 with an energy management device 17th connected. The second subunit 10 is also via a control line 18th with the Separator 6th connected and has an interface 19th which is used to receive measured value data from the electricity meter 5 is set up, which via a line 20th from the electricity meter 5 to the second subunit 10 be transmitted. For bidirectional communication between the first subunit 9 and the second subunit 10 is a connection 22nd intended. For bidirectional communication between the first subunit 9 and one to the power connection on the output side 3 connected electric vehicle (not shown) serve the lines CP and PP . The charger 1 also includes a rotary switch 24 for manual setting of the operating modes of the charger 1 . The second subunit 10 is used to evaluate the data via the interfaces 12th , 13th , 14th received data and in particular for evaluating the data via the interface 14th received measured value data to control a charging process of a to the charger 1 connected electric vehicle for energy management purposes, the measured value data from the energy management device 17th relate to measured values obtained from a first sensor device (not shown) at the network connection point (not shown) of the energy supply system (not shown). The transmission of the measured value data via the communication link 16 can take place using a network protocol TCPIP at time intervals of, for example, 200 milliseconds. Due to the independent evaluation of the measured value data in the charger 1 This can react particularly quickly to changing situations at the grid connection point and, for example, charge with a particularly high output and / or prevent a failure of the system and thus a longer interruption of the charging process, so that more effective charging of the electric vehicle is possible.

The 2 shows schematically an energy supply system 26th according to a second embodiment of the invention. The energy supply system 26th includes a local distribution network 28 which is inside a building 29 is located. The local distribution network 28 is three-phase and includes a photovoltaic system 30th that on three phases electrical energy in the distribution network 28 feeds. At individual phases of the distribution network 28 are consumers 32 , 34 connected. There is also a charger on one of the phases 1 connected, according to the 1 is trained. The charger 1 is on the outside of the building 29 arranged and via a charging cable 35 with an electric vehicle 36 electrically connected. For exchanging electrical energy with a public power supply network 37 is the energy supply system 26th via a network connection point 39 connected to this. At the grid connection point 39 there is a house connection 40 with electricity meter (not shown) and a main fuse 41 . In the area of the grid connection point 39 is also a first sensor device 42 arranged to measure current values on all three phases of the local distribution network 28 is set up. The first sensor device 42 is through a network connection 43 with the already in 1 energy management device shown 17th connected for the transmission of the measured value data. The energy management device is set up on the one hand to evaluate this measured value data. But forwards this over the network connection 16 also to the charger 1 further, so that this independently receives the measured value data from the first sensor device 42 can evaluate and, for example, to avoid triggering the main safety device 41 and / or to avoid exceeding a maximum permissible unbalanced load at the network connection point, if necessary, can adapt or interrupt a charging process. Alternatively, the first sensor device 42 the measured value data both to the energy management device 17th via the network connection 43 as well as to the charger 1 via a direct network connection (extension of the network connection shown as a dashed line 16 shown). In this case the charger remains 1 over the network connection 16 nevertheless in data exchange with the energy management facility 17th for other energy management purposes.

List of reference symbols

1

charger

2

Power connection

3

Power connection

4th

Performance path

5

Electricity meter

6th

Separator

8th

control

9, 10

Subunit

12, 13, 14

interface

16

Communication link

17th

Energy management facility

18th

Control line

19th

interface

20th

management

22nd

connection

24

Rotary switch

26th

Energy supply system

28

Distribution network

29

building

30th

Photovoltaic system

32, 34

consumer

35

Charging cable

36

Electric vehicle

37

Power grid

39

Grid connection point

40

House connection

41

Main safety device

42

Sensor device

43

Network connection

P1, P2, P3

phase

N

Neutral conductor

PE

Protective earth

CP, PP

Communication line

Claims (12)

Charger (1) for an electric vehicle (36), with -an input-side power connection (2), which can be electrically connected to at least one phase (P1, P2, P3) of a local energy supply system (26) for receiving electrical power, -an Output-side power connection (3) for the delivery of electrical power to an electric vehicle (26), and -a line-bound power path (4) electrically connecting the input-side power connection (2) to the output-side power connection (3), -a control (8) and one of this controllable disconnection device (6) for the optional interruption of the power path (4), the controller (8) having at least one interface (12, 13, 14) set up to receive data from outside the charger, characterized in that the controller (8) is set up via at least one of these interfaces (14) for receiving and evaluating measured value data and is designed for Dur Execution of at least one energy management function. Charger (1) Claim 1 , the measured value data relating to measured values measured outside the charger (1) and in the area of the energy supply system (26). Charger (1) after one of the Claims 1 or 2 , characterized in that at least some of the measured value data relate to measured values measured at least in the area or at a network connection point (39) connecting the energy supply system (26) to a public power supply network (37). Charger (1) Claim 3 , characterized in that the measured values include current measured values of current values limited by a main fuse device (41) at the network connection point (39) on the phases (P1, P2, P3), which can be connected to the input-side power connection (2) of the charger (1) are. Charger (1) Claim 4 , characterized in that the controller (8) is designed and set up to avoid triggering the main fuse device (41) by a charging process of the charger (1), the current values during a charging process of the charger (1) at least to those affected by the charging process To monitor phases (P1, P2, P3) at the network connection point (39) by receiving and evaluating the corresponding measured value data and to adapt or interrupt the consumption of electrical power by comparing the transmitted current measured values with at least one predetermined limit value. Charger (1) Claim 4 or 5 , characterized in that the controller (8) is designed and set up to, during a single-phase charging process of the charger (1), the current values on the phases (P1, P2, P3) at the network connection point (39) by receiving and evaluating the corresponding measured value To monitor data, to determine an unbalanced load between the phase affected by the charging process (P3) and the other phases (P1, P2) at the grid connection point (39) and to adjust or interrupt the consumption of electrical power in such a way that a maximum permissible Unbalanced load at the grid connection point (39) is avoided by charging the charger (1). Energy supply system (26) with at least -a charger (1) for electric vehicles and -a locally limited distribution network (28) which is electrically connected to a public power supply network (37) via a network connection point (39), -an energy management device (17) and at least a first sensor device (42) arranged outside the charger (1), which is arranged and set up at least to measure current values on all phases (P1, P2, P3) of the distribution network (28) at or in the area of the network connection point (39), wherein the charger (1) at least after one of the Claims 1 to 6th and is communicatively connected to the energy management device (17) and / or the first sensor device (42) to receive at least the measured value data relating to the current values measured by the first sensor device (42). Energy supply system (26) according to Claim 7 , characterized in that the communication connection (16) from the energy management device (17) and / or the first sensor device (42) to the charger (1) is wired. Energy supply system (26) Claim 7 or 8th , characterized in that the communication connection (16) from the energy management device (17) and / or the first sensor device (42) is set up to transmit the measured value data at time intervals. Method for operating a charger (1) for an electric vehicle (36), wherein the charger (1) is connected to a local energy supply system (26), characterized in that at least one first sensor device (42) and / or from an energy management device ( 17) of the energy supply system (26) measured value data are received by the charger (1) and are evaluated by the charger (1) for energy management purposes in order to control a charging process of an electric vehicle (36) connected to the charger (1), the measured value data being Data relate to measured values that are measured by the at least first sensor device (42) in the area of the local energy supply system (26) and outside of the charger (1). Procedure according to Claim 10 , the charger (1) receiving the measured value data at time intervals, in particular from the energy management device (17), and evaluating it independently of the energy management device (17) for at least one energy management function of its own. Procedure according to Claim 10 or 11 , wherein the charger (1) controls the charging process of the electric vehicle (36) during operation with the electric vehicle (36) connected by means of at least part of the measured value data in such a way that a triggering of a power supply system (26) with a public power supply network (37 ) connecting mains connection point (39) arranged main fuse device (41) is avoided due to the charging process by the charger (1) and / or in a single-phase charging process, a maximum permissible unbalanced load at the network connection point (39) is avoided due to the charging process by the charger (1) and / or a predetermined value for the power consumption of the energy supply system (26) is maintained by the charging process.

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