DE102019126515A1 - Modular battery block - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a modular battery block as an electrical and mechanical combination of a plurality of individual, rechargeable battery cells, the battery cells being mechanically combined in at least two massive receiving bodies to form a row of cells each with the same number of battery cells, the battery cells being within the at least two Receiving bodies are at least partially accommodated in a form-fitting manner and the battery cells of each of the at least two rows of cells are electrically connected in parallel and the at least two rows of cells are electrically connected in series, with a position-securing cover plate between each two receiving bodies immediately following one another in a row direction is arranged. As a result, in the event of a fault in a battery cell, the fault remains locally limited to the battery cell concerned. Due to the effective heat dissipation and distribution by means of the massive receptacle, a safe full-load operation of the modular battery block is still possible over the long term. In addition, the modular battery block can be manufactured easily and inexpensively and can be scaled as desired within wide limits by simply adding in rows and thus adapted to different applications.

Description

The invention relates to a modular battery block as an electrical and mechanical combination of a plurality of individual, rechargeable battery cells, the battery cells being mechanically combined in at least two massive receiving bodies to form a row of cells each with the same number of battery cells, the battery cells being within the at least two Receiving bodies are at least partially accommodated in a form-fitting manner and the battery cells of each of the at least two rows of cells are electrically connected in parallel and the at least two rows of cells are electrically connected in series, with a position-securing cover plate between each two receiving bodies immediately following one another in a row direction is arranged.

Accumulators are known from the prior art in a wide range of variations. For example, lead, nickel-cadmium or nickel-metal hydride batteries are widely used in technology. By connecting a large number of battery cells in parallel or in series, batteries with almost any voltage and capacity can be produced.

Lithium-ion batteries or lithium-polymer batteries are particularly light and also have an extremely high energy density. Such accumulators or secondary elements are used in cell phones, digital cameras, video cameras, laptops, and so on. In addition, lithium-ion batteries and lithium-polymer batteries have recently been used increasingly in electric vehicles, such as electric cars or e-bikes, e-scooters, etc., due to their high energy density and low weight.

In the event of a fault, such as a short circuit in a rechargeable cell, a large amount of thermal energy is released in a lithium-ion rechargeable battery, which can lead to self-ignition and thus destruction of the battery.

The JP 2009 211 908 discloses a receptacle for a single cylindrical battery cell. The receptacle has recesses for better heat dissipation and spacing elements extending parallel in the longitudinal direction of a cylinder axis. The spacer elements are intended to prevent direct contact between the battery cells when several battery cells are connected.

The object of the invention is, inter alia, to specify a modular battery block constructed with a plurality of battery cells, which has increased security in the event of a possible fault in a battery cell and which can be easily scaled.

The above-mentioned object is achieved by a modular battery block as an electrical and mechanical combination of a large number of individual, rechargeable battery cells, the battery cells being mechanically combined in at least two massive receptacles to form a row of cells each with the same number of battery cells, the battery cells within which at least two receiving bodies are at least partially received in a form-fitting manner and the battery cells of each of the at least two rows of cells are electrically connected in parallel and the at least two rows of cells are electrically connected in series, with one electrical connector between each two receiving bodies directly following one another in a rowing direction receiving and position-securing cover plate is arranged.

Due to the massive receiving body, the high waste heat released in the event of a defect in a battery cell is quickly and evenly distributed within the modular battery pack. This can prevent the defect from spreading (so-called "fire spreading" or "fire propagation") or a so-called "Thermal runaway" of part or the entire modular battery pack can be effectively counteracted. The mechanical interlocking of the individual components of the modular battery block with one another with the aid of preferably form-fitting connections also gives the same a particularly robust structure that enables safe use, even under harsh environmental conditions. Due to the excellent heat dissipation by means of the massive mounting body, the modular battery block has a particularly high load capacity,

The battery cells are preferably designed as round cells and / or as prismatic cells. As a result, widely used industry standard types of battery cells can be used for the modular battery pack. In addition, the manufacturing process of the modular battery block is simplified, since, for example, in the case of round cells, only parallel holes have to be made in the receiving body to form the cell pockets. Prismatic cells can have a triangular, square or also polygonal, uniform or irregular cross-sectional geometry.

The modular battery block is preferably made by arranging at least one further cover plate that receives and position-securing a further electrical connector and at least one further receiving body containing further battery cells, creating a further Cell row expandable. As a result, the modular battery block can be easily and inexpensively assembled or integrated in production and can easily be adapted to different requirements of a target application with regard to the electrical performance data.

There is preferably a form-fit connection formed by means of a cover plate between each two directly successive receiving bodies. This results in a mechanically robust bond between the receiving bodies, the electrical connectors and the cover plates that can be easily produced by plugging.

In an advantageous development, it is provided that each receptacle body is essentially cuboid and has a plurality of continuous cell pockets, the cell pockets for at least regionally form-fitting reception of one battery cell each being preferably cylindrical or prismatic and each one continuous in the area of a front side of the receptacle body Have longitudinal opening. As a result of the longitudinal openings oriented in the longitudinal direction, material ejection from the end face is avoided in the event of a defect in a battery cell. In addition, there is a simpler production of the solid receiving body, since tools can be used not only on the front side but also in the area of the front side. The cell pockets preferably comprise a respective battery cell received therein, preferably designed as a round cell, depending on a selected opening width of the longitudinal openings of at least 270 ° and up to 360 °. A battery cell designed as a prismatic cell is encompassed at least on three sides or by at least 270 °. Ideally, there is a full-surface, slightly press-fit and thus form-fit contact between the outer surfaces of the battery cells and the inner surfaces of the cell pockets in order to ensure optimal heat transfer and to avoid local overheating in the event of a fault.

Each receiving body preferably has a preferably continuous longitudinal groove in the area of the front side and a rear side between two immediately adjacent cell pockets. As a result, any number of receiving bodies can be lined up with the aid of the cover plates, with the rear sides of two receiving bodies facing each other.

In the case of a further embodiment, the at least two receiving bodies are formed with a metallic and / or with a non-metallic material such as aluminum, an aluminum alloy, copper, a copper alloy, ceramic, plastic or the like, the material having a high thermal conductivity of preferably more than 1.0 W / K * m. The high thermal conductivity of the material of the receptacle body, which is usually accompanied by good electrical conductivity, ensures excellent dissipation of the intense heat that is released in an explosive manner in the event of a fault in a battery cell, such as a cell short-circuit, etc. The massive receiving bodies can be designed to be electrically conductive or electrically insulating.

In an advantageous further development, it is provided that the negative poles of the battery cells received in the cell pockets of a receptacle are each approximately flush with an underside and their positive poles each approximately flush with an upper side of the receptacle assigned to them. This results in a particularly space-saving construction of the modular battery block.

In a technically advantageous further development, the electrical connector is essentially Z-shaped and has a square base plate which is essentially congruent with the rear sides of the at least two receiving bodies, a plurality of contact lugs being formed at right angles on a lower edge of the base plate and An equal number of contact lugs are formed at right angles on an upper edge of the base plate, the contact lugs on the lower edge and the contact lugs on the upper edge each pointing away from one another and the number of contact lugs on the lower edge and the upper edge of the base plate in each case the number of battery cells in corresponds to the receiving bodies. As a result, a structurally simple and easy to manufacture connector is given, which also has a high current-carrying capacity. The electrical connectors can be produced in a way that is suitable for mass production by means of industrially available standard forming and separating processes, such as cutting, punching, bending, etc., in a particularly cost-effective and dimensionally stable manner.

The electrical connector is preferably formed from a material with good electrical conductivity, such as a metal, a metal alloy, a conductive plastic or the like, which also has the lowest possible heat capacity. This ensures a low-loss and robust, in particular vibration-proof, electrical series and parallel connection of the battery cells within the cell rows and the cell rows with one another. Due to the low heat retention capacity of the electrical connector, the heat dissipation from a possibly defective battery cell is hardly impaired. Metals such as aluminum, copper, silver, lead, tin, nickel, iron, zinc and their alloys are used as the material for the electrical connectors. As alloy surcharges or in pure form Gold, chrome and platinum can also be provided if necessary.

In an advantageous development, it is provided that the at least one cover plate is L-shaped and has a rectangular base plate that is essentially congruent with the base plate of the electrical connector, a short leg being formed at right angles on the base plate, which is a plurality of evenly spaced apart Has depressions each with an opening at the end, a number of the depressions with the openings corresponding to a number of the contact lugs of the at least one electrical connector in the area of the lower edge or the upper edge and in each depression a contact lug of the upper edge of the electrical connector essentially form-fitting and flush is recordable. As a result, the positive poles of the battery cell are completely covered without hindering the passage of gas in the event of a fault in a battery cell. The cover plates also enable gas to be routed to the external environment of the modular battery block. Due to the heat-insulating properties of the cover plate, a heat transfer from gases escaping from a defective battery cell in the event of a fault to neighboring battery cells is effectively reduced, which is essential for the thermal stability of the neighboring battery cells. At the same time, the rows of cells connected in series are insulated from one another by means of the cover plates. In addition, the cover plates serve to guide and secure the position of the electrical connectors with their contact lugs.

In the area of a rear side and / or a front side of the base plate of the at least one cover plate, at least two springs are preferably formed, which can be introduced in a form-fitting manner into a longitudinal groove of a respectively assigned receiving body. As a result, a robust mechanical connection between a cover plate and the respective preceding receiving body can be implemented by means of plugging. Complex and, if necessary, thermally unstable adhesive connections are not required.

A free end of the short leg of the at least one cover plate preferably has a recess between two adjacent openings. As a result, a mechanical connection can be created between a receiving body, an associated electrical connector and a cover plate with a subsequent cover plate to be lined up in order to create a larger modular battery block.

In a further, technically advantageous embodiment, the at least one cover plate is formed with a material that insulates well electrically, such as a plastic, a ceramic or the like, the material also having a high heat capacity of preferably greater than 1.0 J / (g * K ) and has a thermal conductivity of less than 1.0 W / (m * K). As a result, a heat transfer between directly adjacent rows of cells is at least greatly delayed.

The at least one cover plate is preferably formed with a material which performs an endothermic phase change as strongly as possible in a temperature range between 50 ° C. and 200 ° C. In this way, the heat dissipation from a defective battery cell can be further optimized, as e.g. a phase change from crystalline to non-crystalline or amorphous etc. usually requires a considerable amount of energy, which can thus be drawn from a defective battery cell. The materials or materials of the receiving body, the electrical connector and the cover plates are also each made non-flammable and flame-retardant.

• 1 eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Aufnahmekörpers für lediglich exemplarisch als Rundzellen ausgebildete Akkuzellen zur Schaffung einer Zellenreihe eines modularen Akkublocks,
• 2 eine perspektivische Ansicht eines elektrischen Verbinders zur elektrischen Verschaltung von zwei Zellenreihen des modularen Akkublocks,
• 3 eine perspektivische Ansicht einer Abdeckplatte zur Isolation und mechanischen Verbindung von zwei Aufnahmekörpern sowie zur Lagesicherung eines elektrischen Verbinders,
• 4 eine schematische perspektivische Ansicht des Aufnahmekörpers von 1 mit den darin aufgenommenen, exemplarisch als Rundzellen ausgebildeten Akkuzellen, mit dem elektrischen Verbinder von 2, der Abdeckplatte von 3 sowie einem dieser nachfolgenden, weiteren Aufnahmekörper, einer diesem nachfolgenden weiteren Abdeckplatte mit einem weiteren elektrischen Verbinder sowie einen weiteren Aufnahmekörper zur Schaffung eines modularen Akkublocks, und
• 5 eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Teils des mit den exemplarisch als Rundzellen ausgebildeten Akkuzellen bestückten modularen Akkublocks von 4.

In the following, a preferred embodiment of the invention is explained in more detail with reference to schematic figures. Show it

• 1 a perspective view of a receiving body for battery cells designed only as an example as round cells to create a row of cells of a modular battery block,
• 2 a perspective view of an electrical connector for the electrical connection of two rows of cells of the modular battery block,
• 3 a perspective view of a cover plate for the insulation and mechanical connection of two receiving bodies and for securing the position of an electrical connector,
• 4th a schematic perspective view of the receiving body of FIG 1 with the accumulator cells accommodated therein, exemplarily designed as round cells, with the electrical connector from 2 , the cover plate of 3 and one of these subsequent, further receiving bodies, one of these subsequent further cover plates with a further electrical connector and another receiving body for creating a modular battery block, and
• 5 a perspective view of part of the modular battery block from FIG 4th .

The 1 shows a perspective view of a receiving body for battery cells designed as round cells only by way of example Creation of a row of cells of a modular battery block. A modular battery block according to the invention (cf. 4th , 5 ; Reference number 210 ) includes, among other things, preferably at least two massive receiving bodies, of which in 1 just a receiving body 10 (so-called “spacer”) is shown and two further, each structurally identical receiving body 12th , 14th in the 4th are shown. A right-angled coordinate system 16 with an x-axis, a y-axis and a z-axis illustrates the position of the receiving body 10 in the room.

The massive recording body 10 has an approximately cuboid geometry with an underside 20th , a top 22nd , a front 24 , a back 26th , a first and a second end face 28 , 30th . The receiving body also has 10 over a first and a second narrow side 32 , 34 . The receiving body 10 has a height in the z-direction H ₁ .

The comb-like receiving body 10 shows five similar cell pockets here 36 on, which are spaced parallel to one another in the z-direction of the coordinate system 16 run and which here each have a cylindrical shape, merely by way of example. The cell bags 36 are therefore designed to receive one rechargeable battery cell (not shown here) and only exemplarily designed as a cylindrical round cell (cf. 4th , 5 ; Reference number 176 ). Deviating from the representation of the receiving body 10 of 1 can the cell bags 36 also have a polygonal cross-sectional geometry for receiving a battery cell then designed as a prismatic cell. In such a constellation, the cell pockets 36 for example have a cuboid or cube-shaped shape, with a prismatic cell from the respectively assigned cell pocket 36 is preferably bordered on three sides or from three sides.

Each of the cell bags 36 each has a continuous, essentially rectangular and the front 26th of the receiving body 10 breakthrough longitudinal opening 38 on what a cross-sectional geometry of the cell pockets 36 which corresponds to that of an oblate circle. The parallel spaced apart from one another within the receiving body 10 trained cell pockets 36 have a cross-sectional geometry that corresponds to the shape of the Greek letter Q, which is lined up several times. The longitudinal openings 38 point in the direction of the x-axis of the coordinate system 16 such a width B. that the battery cells are in the cell pockets 36 are each encompassed by at least 270 ° or, in the case of prismatic cells, preferably on three sides. The cell bags 36 preferably each extend over the full height H ₁ of the receiving body 10 away. In the area of every cylindrical cell pocket 36 stays in the back 26th of the massive receiving body 10 each have a slightly concave, continuous material web, of which only one material web 40 is designated as representative of all others. The material webs are each located opposite the longitudinal openings 38 the cell bags 36 of the receiving body 10 . In the case of, for example, cuboid or cube-shaped cell pockets for prismatic cells, cuboid material webs then result.

In the front area 24 of the receiving body 10 is between two immediately adjacent cell pockets 36 each one continuous, extending over the entire height H ₁ Extending and undercut longitudinal groove running parallel to the z-axis 50 educated. Each opposite to the four longitudinal grooves 50 are in the rear area 26th of the receiving body 10 also four longitudinal grooves 52 formed, each between two directly adjacent cell pockets 36 in the receiving body 10 are introduced.

Negative poles (not shown here) in the cell pockets 36 Accumulated battery cells preferably each close approximately flush with the underside 20th of the receiving body 10 from. Correspondingly, the positive poles, which are also not shown here, close those in the cell pockets 36 battery cells are also approximately flush with the top 22nd of the receiving body 10 from (see esp. 4th , 5 ; Reference number 174 , 176 , P , M. ).

The battery cells are by means of the receiving body 10 mechanically combined into a row of cells.

The receiving body 10 is preferably formed with a metallic and / or with a non-metallic material such as aluminum, an aluminum alloy, copper, a copper alloy, ceramic, plastic or the like. The material of the receiving body 10 preferably has the highest possible thermal conductivity of more than 1.0 W / (K * m). The receiving bodies of the modular battery block can be designed to be electrically conductive or non-conductive.

The 2 illustrates a perspective view of an electrical connector for electrically interconnecting two rows of cells of the modular battery block.

An electrical connector 70 has an essentially Z-shaped basic shape. A square base plate 72 of the electrical connector 70 is formed essentially congruent with the rear sides of the at least two receiving bodies. The base plate 72 has a height H ₂ on that in roughly with the height H ₁ the receiving body matches. On a lower edge 74 of the electrical connector 70 are only exemplary five structurally identical, finger-like lower contact lugs 76 formed equally spaced from one another. Correspondingly are on an upper edge 78 of the electrical connector 70 Here, for example, five structurally identical, finger-like upper contact lugs 80 formed equally spaced from one another. The number of tabs 76 at the lower edge 74 and the number of contact lugs 80 at the top 78 is the same and corresponds to the number of rechargeable battery cells received in each of the at least two receiving bodies and all other receiving bodies.

The contact flags 76 at the lower edge 74 the base plate 72 and the contact flags 80 at the top 78 the base plate 72 are each formed at right angles to this, with the contact lugs 76 at the lower edge 74 and the contact flags 80 at the top 78 are arranged facing away from each other. The contact lugs point here 76 from a front 82 the base plate 72 vertically away and the contact lugs 80 are from a back 84 the base plate 72 Shaped orthogonally directed away, which can be done from a manufacturing point of view, for example, by folding or bending. The contact flags 76 , 80 of the electrical connector 70 each have an approximately semi-oval shape. In the event that prismatic cells are used instead of round cells, the contact lugs 76 , 80 different from the representation in 3 for example have a shape that essentially corresponds to the cross-sectional geometry of the prismatic cells, for example a square or rectangular shape.

Between two directly adjacent contact lugs 76 the lower edge 74 An approximately rectangular slot extends in each case, of which only two slots for the sake of clarity 86 are representative of all others. Between two immediately adjacent contact lugs 80 at the top 78 is also a slot in each case 88 intended. The slots 88 point compared to the slots 86 a greater length. Each of the slots 88 in the area of the upper edge 78 in turn has an approximately semi-oval shape, the rectangular sections of which, for the sake of a better graphical overview, are not designated in a plane with the contact lugs 80 lie and their non-designated semi-oval sections starting from the upper edge 78 at right angles to the rectangular sections up to the base plate 72 extend into it. The slots 88 between the upper contact lugs 80 of the electrical connector 70 serve to accommodate springs of a subsequent cover plate assigned to the electrical connector (cf. 3 , 4th ; Reference numerals 122 , 124 , 128 , 130 ).

The electrical connector 70 is formed with a preferably electrically conductive material as good as possible, such as a metal, a metal alloy, a conductive plastic or the like, the electrically conductive material at the same time having the lowest possible heat capacity.

The electrical connector 70 can for example be formed with aluminum, which has a specific electrical conductivity of 37.7 * 10 ^ 6 A / (V * m), a thermal conductivity of 235 W / (m * K) and a specific heat capacity of 897 kJ / (kg * K). Furthermore, copper can also be used, which has a specific electrical conductivity of 58.1 * 10 ^ 6 A / (V * m), a thermal conductivity of 400 W / (m * K) and a specific heat capacity of 385 J / (kg * K). In addition, there is in principle at least an alloy addition of silver, gold and / or platinum to the material of the electrical connector 70 or their pure use is possible.

The 3 shows a perspective view of a cover plate for the insulation and mechanical connection of two receiving bodies and for securing the position of an electrical connector.

A cover plate 100 or an insulating or separating plate to complete the structure of the modular battery block is essentially L-shaped. Using the coordinate system 16 is the position of the cover plate 100 illustrated in the room in relation to the other modular components of the battery block. The cover plate 100 has one with the base plate 72 of the electrical connector is essentially congruent square base plate 102 that are parallel to the xz plane of the coordinate system 16 runs. The base plate 102 has a height H ₃ that is roughly the amount of H ₁ the receiving body or the height H ₂ corresponds to the electrical connector. At the base plate 102 is a short, rectangular leg 104 educated. This at right angles to the base plate 102 shaped or parallel to the xy plane of the coordinate system 16 running legs 104 has here, only by way of example, a number of five recesses that are evenly spaced apart from one another 110 on. The semi-oval depressions here 110 go in the area of a free end 112 of the short leg 104 in each case in an opening that is essentially circular here, merely as an example 114 above. The depressions 110 with their end openings 114 run uniformly spaced from one another along the direction of the x-axis of the coordinate system 16 within the short leg 104 the base plate 102 the base plate 102 .

The number of wells 110 with their breakthroughs 114 corresponds in turn to the number of contact lugs of the at least one electrical connector from 2 or the number of cell pockets of the respectively assigned receiving body of 1 . In every recess 110 a contact tab of the upper edge of the electrical connector can be received in a substantially form-fitting and flush manner. In the case of prismatic cells, the contact lugs of the electrical connector preferably each have a polygonal shape (see description 2 ) so that the indentations 110 and breakthroughs 114 different from the in 3 illustrated shape to ensure the form-fitting acceptability of the contact lugs of the electrical connector each have a complementary polygonal shape to the contact lugs.

In the area of a back 120 the base plate 102 the cover plate 100 are at least a first and a second external spring 122 , 124 formed, each of which can be introduced into a complementarily formed, undercut longitudinal groove of a preceding, solid receiving body. Correspondingly are in the area of a front 126 the base plate 102 a first and a second internal spring 128 , 130 preferably opposite to the springs 122 , 124 shaped. The cylindrical springs 122 , 124 as 128 , 130 do not extend over the full back 120 or the front 126 the base plate 102 . The feathers 122 , 124 , 128 , 130 , each run parallel to the z-axis of the coordinate system 16 or in each case parallel to a first and second outer edge 140 , 142 the base plate 102 the cover plate 100 . The base plate 102 has two parallel outer edges 140 , 142 , a bottom edge 144 as well as an angle section 146 between the base plate 102 and the short leg 104 on.

Between immediately adjacent breakthroughs 114 shows the free end 112 of the short leg 104 the base plate 102 each end has a small recess for the implementation of a respective spring of a subsequent (not shown here) further cover plate. Of the four recesses here as an example, there is only one undercut recess - for the sake of a better graphic overview 136 designated.

The recesses 136 within the short leg 104 the cover plate 100 and that of all other cover plates are used to lead through the rear cylindrical springs of a further, opposite to the direction of the y-axis of the coordinate system 16 subsequent cover plate. The recesses 136 are complementary and at least partially form-fitting to the springs 122 , 124 , 128 , 130 Any subsequent cover plate executed in order to additionally create a form-fit connection between two cover plates immediately following one another. The cover plates 100 serve to electrically isolate different electrical potentials within the modular battery block and also to guide and secure the position of the contact lugs of the electrical connectors. The cover plate 100 and all other cover plates, not shown here, are made of an electrically highly insulating material such as plastic, ceramic or the like, the material also having the highest possible heat capacity of preferably greater than 1.0 J / (kg * K). The cover plate 100 can also be formed with a material that performs an endothermic phase change as strongly as possible in a temperature range between 50 ° C and 200 ° C. As a result, the heat propagation that emanates from a possibly defective rechargeable battery cell within a row of cells is at least considerably delayed to an immediately adjacent row of cells.

The 4th FIG. 13 shows a schematic perspective view of the receiving body from FIG 1 with the accumulator cells accommodated therein, exemplarily designed as round cells, with the electrical connector from 2 , the cover plate of 3 and one of these subsequent, further receiving bodies, one of these subsequent further cover plates with a further electrical connector and another receiving body for creating a modular battery block.

A modular battery pack 210 is with the first receiving body 10 and the following, receiving bodies 12th , 14th , the electrical connector 70 , another, second electrical connector 160 , the cover plate 100 of 3 as well as a further, second cover plate 170 in a preferred direction of arrangement 172 built up. The receiving body 10 , 12th as 14th connect congruently to each other. The direction of arrangement 172 is directed opposite to the y-axis of the coordinate system 16 or perpendicular to the back 26th of the first receiving body 10 and perpendicular to the undesignated rear sides of all other lined-up receiving bodies 12th , 14th oriented. Thus is the front 24 of the first receiving body 10 with the respective unmarked rectangular longitudinal openings of the cell pockets opposite to the direction of arrangement 172 oriented. The same applies to all other front sides of the receiving body, which are not designated 12th , 14th as well as all other receiving bodies still to be added.

In the unmarked cell pockets of the receiving body 10 each is a rechargeable battery cell 174 , which are shown here only as an example as a round cell 176 executed and indicated by dotted lines, at least In some areas positively added to create a preferably light press fit. Correspondingly are in the receiving bodies 12th , 14th five additional identical battery cells or round cells, which are concealed here, are included.

Between the first and second receiving body 10 , 12th are the first cover plate 100 with the first connector 70 positioned. The electrical connector 70 is essentially all over the back 26th of this preceding first receiving body 10 on. On the first cover plate 100 the second receiving body closes 12th in the direction of arrangement 172 on. On the second receiving body 12th is the following second cover plate 170 with the second electrical connector, which is in turn received and fixed in position 160 on. To the cover plate 170 The one in the direction of attachment closes on the back 172 subsequent third receiving body 14th on.

In this way, the modular battery block 210 by lining up further cover plates with electrical connectors held therein and secured in position and adding further receiving bodies in the direction of assembly 172 expand at will. Between the first and second receiving body 10 , 12th consists by means of the springs 124 , 130 as well as the feathers 122 , 128 the first cover plate 100 and the longitudinal grooves in the area of the rear 26th of the first receiving body 10 - of which only a longitudinal groove 52 is designated representative of all the rest - and the corresponding longitudinal grooves in the area of a front side 180 of the second receiving body 12th a mechanically stable, pluggable form-fit connection.

As a result, it closes starting from the rear 26th of the exemplary first receiving body 10 in the preferred direction of arrangement 172 in each case the front side of the immediately following receiving body - here the receiving body 12th - with the respective interposition of a cover plate with an electrical connector received therein and secured in position. The same applies to the second and third receiving bodies as well as any subsequent to them in the direction of arrangement 172 lined up receiving body.

The recesses that are only designated once 136 in the short thighs 104 the structurally identical cover plates 100 , 170 serve to lead through the springs when the respective subsequent cover plate is plugged in and / or, if necessary, for their form-fitting and slightly press-fit reception and thus an additional form-fit connection between cover plates 100 , 170 .

There are thus between the two directly adjacent receiving bodies 10 , 12th of the modular battery pack 210 two at a time using the cover plates 100 , 170 easy-to-manufacture and mechanically robust form-fit connections 194 , 196 , 198 , 200 .

Through the electrical connector 70 and another, this one in the direction of the y-axis of the coordinate system 16 preceding electrical connector (not shown), the round cells 176 within the first receiving body 10 electrically connected in parallel to form a first row. The same applies to the round cells in the subsequent receiving bodies 12th and 14th , the second and third rows of cells connected in parallel 190 , 192 of accumulator cells or round cells. Through the electrical connector 70 is also the electrical series connection of the first row of cells 62 and the second row of cells 190 realized while through the second electrical connector 160 the second and third row of cells 192 are connected in parallel.

The series connection of the first and second row of cells 62 , 190 of the modular battery pack 210 takes place by means of the lower contact lugs, which are only partially designated 76 of the first electrical connector 70 that are connected to negative poles here M. of the battery cells in the first row of cells 62 and the upper, also only partially designated contact lugs 80 of the first electrical connector 70 , each with the concealed positive pole P a rechargeable battery cell or round cell within the following second row of cells 190 of the modular battery pack 210 are electrically contacted. The same is true for the second electrical connector 160 between the second and third row of cells 190 , 192 .

By arranging a large number of receptacles, electrical connectors and cover plates in a row in the direction of the arrangement 172 With the help of the form-fit connections, the electrical voltage of the modular battery block 210 or the modular, stackable battery block can be easily and flexibly adapted to a particular target application within wide limits. A change in the resulting electrical (total) capacity of the modular battery block 210 is given by a variation of the number of rechargeable battery cells received in the receiving bodies and, here, exemplarily designed as round cells, the number of round cells contained in each receiving body defining a row of cells in mechanical terms.

The 5 FIG. 14 shows a perspective view of part of the modular battery block from FIG 4th .

The modular battery block 210 includes the two receiving bodies 10 , 12th in the direction of the arrangement 172 with the interposition of the electrical connector 70 and the cover plate 100 are strung together, the direction of alignment 172 the y-axis of the coordinate system 16 is directed in the opposite direction. The receiving body 10 forms the first row of cells 62 and the receiving body 12th forms the second row of cells 190 out. In the cell pockets of the receiving body, which are not designated here for the sake of a better graphic overview 10 is a chargeable and only exemplary round cell 176 running battery cell 174 recorded. The same applies to the second receiving body 12th , with only one battery cell 174 or a round cell 176 Is indicated in the drawing, and the third receiving body, not shown here. The positive poles P and the negative poles M. each in the row-forming receiving bodies 10 , 12th combined battery cells 174 or round cells 176 each point in the same direction. The positive poles P of the round cells 176 are respectively in the direction of the z-axis and the negative poles M. are in the opposite direction of the z-axis of the coordinate system 16 directed. The negative poles M. of the round cells 176 in the first row of cells 62 are by means of the electrical connector 70 each with a positive pole P an assigned round cell 176 the next row of cells 190 connected in such a way that the round cells 176 within the first row of cells 62 are electrically connected in parallel and the two rows of cells 62 , 164 by means of the electrical connector 70 thus are electrically connected in series or connected in series.

To complete the electrical interconnection of the round cells 176 inside the modular battery block 210 are a further electrical connector, not shown here, for connecting the positive poles in parallel P of the round cells 176 the first row of cells 62 and another electrical connector, not shown, for connecting the negative poles in parallel M. of the round cells of the second row of cells 190 necessary.

As a result, it remains in a battery cell in the event of a fault 174 or a round cell 176 the error locally on the affected battery cell 174 or the round cell 176 limited. Due to the effective heat dissipation and distribution by means of the massive receptacle 10 , 12th , 14th is still a safe full load operation of the modular battery block 210 possible in the long term. In addition, the modular battery block 210 Easily and inexpensively manufactured and scalable within wide limits by simply adding in rows and thus adapting to different applications.

The invention relates to a modular battery block ( 210 ) as an electrical and mechanical combination of a large number of individual, rechargeable battery cells ( 174 ), the battery cells ( 174 ) in at least two massive receptacles ( 10 , 12th , 14th ) to each row of cells ( 62 , 190 , 192 ) with the same number of battery cells ( 174 ) are mechanically combined, whereby the battery cells ( 174 ) within the at least two receiving bodies ( 10 , 12th , 14th ) are at least partially positively received and the battery cells ( 174 ) each of the at least two rows of cells ( 62 , 190 , 192 ) are electrically connected in parallel and the at least two rows of cells ( 62 , 190 , 192 ) are electrically connected in series, with two in each direction between ( 172 ) directly successive receiving bodies ( 10 , 12th , 14th ) one each, one electrical connector ( 70 , 160 ) receiving and position-securing cover plate ( 100 , 170 ) is arranged. As a result, in the event of a fault in a battery cell ( 174 ) the error locally on the affected battery cell ( 174 ) limited. Due to the effective heat dissipation and heat distribution by means of the massive receiving body ( 10 , 12th , 14th ) is still a safe full load operation of the modular battery block ( 210 ) possible in the long term. In addition, the modular battery block ( 210 ) can be manufactured easily and inexpensively and can be scaled as required by simply adding them in a row and thus adapt to different applications.

List of reference symbols

10

(first) receiving body

12th

(following, second) receiving body

14th

(subsequent, third) receiving body

16

Coordinate system

20th

bottom

22nd

Top

24

front

26th

back

28

first face

30th

second face

32

first narrow side

34

second narrow side

36

Cell bag

38

Longitudinal opening

40

Material bar

50

Longitudinal groove (front of mounting body)

52

Longitudinal groove

62

Row of cells

70

(first) electrical connector

72

Base plate

74

Lower edge

76

lower contact lug (lower edge)

78

Top edge

80

upper contact lug (upper edge)

82

Front (electrical connector)

84

Rear side (electrical connector)

86

slot

88

slot

100

Cover plate

102

Base plate

104

short leg

110

Recess (short leg)

112

free end (short leg)

114

breakthrough

120

Back (cover plate)

122

first spring

124

second spring

126

Front (cover plate)

128

first spring

130

second spring

136

Recess (short leg)

140

first outer edge (cover plate)

142

second outer edge (cover plate)

144

Lower edge (cover plate)

146

Angle section (cover plate)

160

(second) electrical connector

170

(second) cover plate

172

Direction of arrangement

174

Battery cell

176

Round cell

180

Front (following, second receptacle)

190

(second) row of cells

192

(third) row of cells

194

Form-fit connection

196

Form-fit connection

198

Form-fit connection

200

Form-fit connection

210

modular battery pack

B.

Width (cell pocket recess)

H1

Height of the body

H2

Electrical connector height

H3

Height of cover plate

P.

Positive pole (battery cell, round cell)

M.

Negative pole (battery cell, round cell)

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent literature cited

• JP 2009211908 [0005]

Claims (15)

Modular battery block (210) as an electrical and mechanical combination of a large number of individual, rechargeable battery cells (174), the battery cells (174) in at least two solid receiving bodies (10, 12, 14) each forming a row of cells (62, 190, 192 ) are mechanically combined with the same number of battery cells (174), the battery cells (174) being received in at least some areas in a form-fitting manner within the at least two receiving bodies (10, 12, 14) and the battery cells (174) each of the at least two rows of cells ( 62, 190, 192) are electrically connected in parallel and the at least two rows of cells (62, 190, 192) are electrically connected in series, with each two receiving bodies (10, 12, 14) immediately following one another in a rowing direction (172) a cover plate (100, 170) which receives an electrical connector (70, 160) and secures its position is arranged. Modular battery block (210) according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the battery cells (174) are designed as round cells (176) and / or as prismatic cells. Modular battery block (210) according to Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the modular battery block (210) is underneath by stringing at least one additional cover plate (170) which receives and secures a further electrical connector (160) and at least one additional receiving body (12, 14) containing additional battery cells (174) Creation of another row of cells (192) is expandable. Modular battery block (210) according to Claim 1 , 2 or 3 , characterized in that there is a form-fit connection (194, 196, 198, 200) formed by means of a cover plate (100, 170) between each two directly successive receiving bodies (10, 12, 14). Modular battery block (210) according to one of the Claims 1 to 4th , characterized in that each receiving body (10, 12, 14) is essentially cuboid and has a plurality of continuous cell pockets (36), the cell pockets (36) for at least regionally form-fitting reception of one rechargeable battery cell (174), preferably cylindrical or are prismatic and each have a continuous longitudinal opening (38) in the area of a front side (24) of the receiving body (10, 12, 14). Modular battery block (210) according to one of the Claims 1 to 5 , characterized in that each receiving body (10, 12, 14) has a preferably continuous longitudinal groove (50, 52) in the area of the front side (24) and a rear side (26) between two immediately adjacent cell pockets (36). Modular battery block (210) according to one of the Claims 1 to 6th , characterized in that the at least two receiving bodies (10, 12, 14) are formed with a metallic and / or with a non-metallic material such as aluminum, an aluminum alloy, copper, a copper alloy, ceramic, plastic or the like, the material has a high thermal conductivity of preferably more than 1.0 W / K * m. Modular battery block (210) according to Claim 7 , characterized in that the negative poles (M) of the battery cells (174) accommodated in the cell pockets (36) of a receiving body (10, 12, 14) are each approximately flush with an underside (20) and their positive poles (P) are each approximately flush with a Complete the top (22) of the receiving body (10, 12, 14) assigned to each of these. Modular battery block (210) according to one of the Claims 1 to 8th characterized in that the electrical connector (70, 160) is essentially Z-shaped and has a square base plate (72) which is essentially congruent with the rear sides (26) of the at least two receiving bodies (10, 12, 14) is, wherein a plurality of contact lugs (76) are formed at right angles on a lower edge (74) of the base plate (72) and an equal number of contact lugs (80) are formed at right angles on an upper edge (78) of the base plate (72), the Contact lugs (76) on the lower edge (74) and the contact lugs (80) on the upper edge (78) are each oriented away from one another and the number of contact lugs (76) on the lower edge (74) and the upper edge (78) of the base plate ( 72) corresponds to the number of battery cells (174) in the receiving bodies (10, 12, 14). Modular battery block (210) according to Claim 9 , characterized in that the electrical connector (70, 160) is formed with a material with good electrical conductivity, such as a metal, a metal alloy, a conductive plastic or the like, which also has the lowest possible heat capacity. Modular battery block (210) according to one of the Claims 1 to 10 , characterized in that the at least one cover plate (100, 170) is L-shaped and has a rectangular base plate (102) which is essentially congruent with the base plate (72) of the electrical connectors (70, 160), with the base plate ( 102) a short leg (104) is formed at right angles, which has a plurality of evenly spaced apart Depressions (110) each with an end opening (114), a number of the depressions (110) with the openings (114) of a number of the contact lugs (76, 80) of the at least one electrical connector (70, 160) in the area corresponds to the lower edge (74) or the upper edge (78) and in each recess (110) a contact tab (76) of the upper edge (78) of the electrical connector (70, 160) can be received in an essentially form-fitting and flush manner. Modular battery block (210) according to one of the Claims 1 to 11 , characterized in that at least two springs (122, 124, 128, 130) are formed in the area of a rear side (120) and / or a front side (126) of the base plate (102) of the at least one cover plate (100, 170), which can be introduced positively into a respective longitudinal groove (50, 52) of a respectively assigned receiving body (10, 12, 14). Modular battery block (210) according to Claim 11 or 12th , characterized in that a free end (112) of the short leg (104) of the at least one cover plate (100, 170) has a recess (136) between each two adjacent openings (114). Modular battery block (210) according to one of the Claims 11 to 13th , characterized in that the at least one cover plate (100, 170) is formed with a material that insulates well electrically, such as a plastic, a ceramic or the like, the material also having a high heat capacity of preferably greater than 1.0 J / ( g * K) and a thermal conductivity less than 1.0 W / (m * K). Modular battery block (210) according to Claim 14 , characterized in that the at least one cover plate (100, 170) is formed with a material which performs an endothermic phase change as strongly as possible in a temperature range between 50 ° C and 200 ° C.

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