DE102019125547B4 - Bus driver for CAN buses with a send signal-controlled, accelerated transition from the dominant to the recessive data bus state - Google Patents

Abstract

Bus driver (CANTR) for controlling a differential data bus, - wherein the differential data bus comprises a first single-wire data bus line (CH) and a second single-wire data bus line (CL) and- wherein the bus driver (CANTR) has a transmission signal input and- wherein the transmission signal input of the bus driver (CANTR) is connected to a transmission signal (TX) and- wherein the transmission signal (TX) can have a first transmission signal state and- wherein the transmission signal (TX) can have a second transmission signal state and- wherein a first output of the bus driver (CANTR) is connected to the first single-wire data bus line ( CH) is connected and- wherein a second output of the bus driver (CANTR) is connected to the second single-wire data bus line (CL) and- wherein the bus driver (CANTR) has a first bus driver state and a second bus driver state and a third bus driver state and- wherein the bus driver ( CANTR) is in the first bus driver state when the transmit signal (TX) is in the first en transmission signal state and - where the bus driver (CANTR) is in the third bus driver state, - if the transmission signal (TX) is in the second transmission signal state and - if the transmission signal (TX) has a state transition from the first transmission signal state to the second transmission signal state at a transition time ( T0) and - if an active time (TA) has not yet elapsed since this transition point (To) and - the bus driver (CANTR) is in the second bus driver state, - if the transmit signal (TX) is in the second transmit signal state and - if the transmission signal (TX) has carried out a state transition from the first transmission signal state to the second transmission signal state at a transition point in time (To) and - if an active time (TA) has already passed since this transition point in time (To) and - where the bus driver (CANTR) has a first applies electrical potential (HP) to the first single-wire data bus line (CH) when it is in the first bus driver state det and- wherein the bus driver (CANTR) applies a second electrical potential (LP) to the second single-wire data bus line (CL) when it is in the first bus driver state and- wherein the bus driver (CANTR) applies a fourth electrical potential (MPL) to the first Single-wire data bus line (CH) applies when it is in the third bus driver state and - the bus driver (CANTR) applies a third electrical potential (MPH) to the second single-wire data bus line (CL) when it is in the third bus driver state and - the bus driver ( CANTR) does not apply any electrical potential to the first single-wire data bus line (CH) when it is in the second bus driver state and - the bus driver (CANTR) does not apply any electrical potential to the second single-wire data bus line (CL) when it is in the second bus driver state and- wherein the first electrical potential (HP) differs from the second electrical potential (LP) and- wherein the third electrical ical potential (MPH) differs from the first electrical potential (HP) and - where the third electrical potential (MPH) differs from the second electrical potential (LP) and - where the fourth electrical potential (MPL) differs from the first electrical potential (HP) differs and - where the fourth electrical potential (MPL) differs from the second electrical potential (LP) and - where the fourth electrical potential (MPL) differs from the third electrical potential (MPH) and - where the value of the third electrical potential ( MPH) is between the value of the first electrical potential (HP) and the value of the second electrical potential (LP) and- wherein the value of the fourth electrical potential (MPL) is between the value of the third electrical potential (MPH) and the value of the second electrical potential (LP).

Description

The invention is directed to a bus driver for CAN buses with an accelerated transition from the dominant to the recessive data bus state.

General introduction

The requirements for the CAN FD data bus are reaching the limits of the current CAN implementations. The waveform of the CAN transceiver currently transitioning from the dominant to the recessive state is in 1 shown. The data is transmitted differentially on the CAN data bus. The CAN data bus has a first single-wire data line ( CH ), the two potential values, between a mean potential (MP) and a higher first potential ( HP ) can accept.

The CAN data bus has a second single-wire data line ( CL ), the two potential values between a mean potential (MP) and a lower second potential ( LP ) can accept.

In a recessive data bus phase ( RBM ) takes the first single-wire data line ( CH ) the mean potential (MP) and the second single-wire data line ( CL ) also has the mean potential (MP).

In a dominant data bus phase ( DBM ) takes the first single-wire data line ( CH ) the higher potential ( HP ) one and the second single wire data line ( CL ) takes the lower second potential ( LP ) a.

The driver of the transceiver has in the recessive data bus phase ( RBM ) has a high output resistance so that it can be overwritten by other drivers in the data bus system.

The driver of the transceiver has in the dominant data bus phase ( DBM ) has a low output resistance so that it cannot be overwritten by other drivers.

This construction enables the values to be overwritten without the risk of a short circuit.

The data bits (BitO, Bit1, Bit2, Bit3) have essentially the same time data bit duration except for the usual clock jitter ( Tbit ).

The problem to be solved here does not occur with the transition from the recessive data bus phase ( RBM ) to the dominant data bus phase ( DBM ), since the driver is in the new dominant data bus phase ( DBM ) has a low output resistance and thus the first single-wire data line ( CH ) and the second single wire data line ( CL ) of the CAN data bus can quickly reload.

With a transition from a dominant data bus phase ( DBM ) into a recessive data bus phase ( RBM ) but the situation is very different. In the recessive data bus phase ( RBM ) the output resistance of the bus driver is relatively high. Together with the bus capacity, this results in the recessive data bus phase ( RBM ) a higher first time constant for reloading the data bus than the second time constant for reloading the data bus in the dominant data bus phase ( DBM ).

Thus the fall time ( T _decay ) for the transition from the dominant data bus phase ( DBM ) to the recessive data bus phase ( RBM ) by the CAN network, in particular by external discharge resistors, and not by the CAN transceiver. Ultimately, this fall time is ( T _decay ) a possible limitation of the speed of the bus driver and thus of the data transmission that has to be overcome.

State of the art

From the EP 2 635 971 B1 an apparatus and a method for serial data transmission at a high data rate are known. In the device of the EP 2 635 971 B1 it is a device for connecting a bus participant to a two-wire communication bus, whereby the bus participant can send and receive messages, which are represented as a result of dominant and recessive bus levels on the bus lines, to other bus participants connected to the bus using the device can. The device of the EP 2 635 971 B1 comprises first means for setting a dominant bus level in the form of a first predetermined voltage difference between the two bus lines by driving a first electrical current. The device of the EP 2 635 971 B1 is according to the technical teaching of the EP 2 635 971 B1 suitable that the recessive bus level is set as the second predetermined voltage difference, not necessarily different from zero, between the two bus lines, at least partially by flowing a discharge current through terminating resistors connected to the bus lines. The technical teaching of the EP 2 635 971 B1 is characterized in that the device EP 2 635 971 B1 comprises at least one further means in order to accelerate the setting of at least one of the bus levels by driving at least one suitable further electrical current, the acceleration being carried out when a predetermined or predeterminable switchover condition is present. Again 5 the EP 2 635 971 B1 can be taken for this purpose, a discharge is carried out over a predetermined period of time with the aid of an inverted differential driver connected in parallel. This has the disadvantage that with very short data bus lines, the capacity to be discharged can be very small and accordingly negative differential levels can occur on the differential data bus. This disadvantage should be avoided. The time-controlled driving of currents is therefore not expedient.

A similar construction is from the US 9 606 948 B2 known. There the data bus is driven to a common common-mode voltage for an active time after the transition to a recessive data bus state. The speed of a bus driver according to the US 9 606 948 B2 however, this is typically not sufficient.

From the EP 3 217 602 B1 a similar device is known. The injection of additional currents is also proposed there, which, however, as in section [0055] of FIG EP 3 217 602 B1 proposed to so-called ringing, ie oscillations, and thus leads to EMC loads.

Since the CAN architecture does not pull the voltages on CANH and CANL during the recessive state, the time required for the transition from dominant to recessive depends entirely on the network.

Also from the DE 10 2017 213 833 A1 a bus driver for CAN buses with a data bus state-controlled accelerated transition from the dominant to the recessive data bus state is known.

task

The proposal is therefore based on the object of creating a solution which does not have the above disadvantages of the prior art and has further advantages.

This object is achieved by a device according to claim 1.

Solution of the task

The solution is explained with reference to the figures.

• - einem zusätzlichen Treiber (%) zur Beschleunigung des Übergangs des getriebenen Datenbusses vom dominanten Datenbuszustand (DBM) zum rezessiven Datenbuszustand (RBM),
• - einem Logikblock (SUL), um den richtigen Zeitablauf für den zusätzlichen Treiber (%) sicherzustellen,
• - wobei die Treiberstärke dieses zusätzlichen Treibers (%) einerseits hoch genug ausgelegt ist, um die Steilheit der fallenden Flanke betragsmäßig zu erhöhen, die Treiberstärke dieses zusätzlichen Treibers (%) andererseits aber gleichzeitig schwach genug ist, um den CAN-Bus in der Arbitrierungsphase nicht zu stören und durch andere Treiber am Datenbus, die einen dominanten Datenbuszustand treiben, überschrieben werden zu können, und
• - wobei der zusätzliche Treiber (%) nach der Arbitrierungsphase in der CAN-FD-Kommunikation verwendet werden kann, um das Rausch-zu-Signal-Verhältnis zu verbessern, da dann die Kommunikation im Eins zu Eins-Betrieb erfolgt und
• - wobei, wenn das Netzwerk aus zwei CAN-Knoten besteht, der zusätzliche Treiber (%) die ganze Zeit verwendet werden kann, da dann keine Arbitrierungsphase vorliegt.

The proposed solution consists of

• - an additional driver ( % ) to accelerate the transition of the driven data bus from the dominant data bus state ( DBM ) to the recessive data bus state ( RBM ),
• - a logic block ( SUL ) to get the correct timing for the additional driver ( % ) to ensure
• - where the driver strength of this additional driver ( % ) is on the one hand designed high enough to increase the amount of the steepness of the falling edge, the driver strength of this additional driver ( % ) on the other hand is weak enough at the same time not to disturb the CAN bus in the arbitration phase and to be able to be overwritten by other drivers on the data bus that drive a dominant data bus state, and
• - where the additional driver ( % ) can be used after the arbitration phase in the CAN FD communication to improve the noise-to-signal ratio, since the communication then takes place in one-to-one operation and
• - where, if the network consists of two CAN nodes, the additional driver ( % ) can be used all the time, since then there is no arbitration phase.

As explained above, the aim of the present disclosure is the fall time ( T _decay ) at a shortened fall time ( T _% ), which is shorter in time than the fall time ( T _decay ). With this prerequisite, a correct differential CAN bus voltage level can be ensured at an early stage. Ie the voltage difference between the potential of the first single-wire data bus line ( CH ) minus the potential of the second single-wire data bus line ( CL ) falls sufficiently early after a shortened fall time ( T _% ) after the time of termination to a transition time (T _o ) of the dominant data bus state ( DBM ) in terms of amount below a voltage value-related minimum voltage difference ( MD ). The time between the end of the dominant data bus state ( DBM ) and the voltage difference between the potential of the first single-wire data bus line ( CH ) minus the potential of the second single-wire data bus line ( CL ) below the amount of the voltage-related minimum voltage difference ( MD ) is without the additional driver ( % ) the fall time ( T _decay ).

In order to ensure the safe sampling of the correct data value, this fall time ( T _decay ) be shorter than the time from the end of the dominant data bus state ( DBM ) up to the time of sampling at the sampling time ( ST ). The time from the end of the dominant data bus state ( DBM ) at the transition time (T _o ) to the time of sampling at the sampling time ( ST ) in turn must be sufficiently shorter than the temporal data bit duration ( Tbit ) to ensure reliable sampling of the correct data bit value in the recessive Data bus state ( RBM ) with a temporally preceding dominant data bus state ( DBM ) to enable. The measures described below ensure that the reduced waste time ( T _% ) a shortening of the time from the end of the dominant data bus state ( DBM ) at the transition time (T _o ) to the time of sampling at the sampling time ( ST ) beyond the state of the art. This in turn enables a shortened time from the end of the dominant data bus state ( DBM ) at the transition time (To) up to the time of sampling at the sampling time ( ST ) even then still sufficiently shorter than the temporal data bit duration ( Tbit ) is when this temporal data bit duration ( Tbit ) is shortened so that even with clock jitter, reliable sampling of the correct data bit value in the recessive data bus state ( RBM ) with a previous dominant data bus state ( DBM ) is certainly possible. Thus, it enables the shortened fall time ( T _% ), the data transmission speed of the bus driver by reducing the fall time ( T _decay ) to the reduced fall time ( T _% ) to increase. Ultimately, this increases the network speed.

The procedure described below to reduce the fall time ( T _decay ) at the reduced waste time ( T _% ) should preferably be used with special consideration of the arbitration phase and during the high-speed CAN FD transmission.

2 shows a shortening by reloading to a single middle potential, as it is from the US 9 606 948 B2 is known.

For this purpose, a device as in 3 shown proposed. the 3 represents the essential functional elements of the proposed device in a schematically simplified manner. The device comprises a computer, preferably a microcomputer ( µC ). This in turn includes a CAN controller ( CANCTR ) and an FD controller ( FDCTR ). Without the shortening of the fall time ( T _decay ) the microcomputer sends ( µC ) via a transmission line ( TX ) Data to the CAN transceiver ( CANTR ) namely at its main driver ( M. ). The main driver ( M. ) converts the transmission signal ( TX ) in data bus state change between dominant data bus states ( DBM ) and recessive data bus states ( RBM ) to, unless other data bus participants dominate data bus states ( DBM ) force, since these the recessive data bus states ( RBM ) overwrite. The potential level of the first single-wire data bus line ( CH ) and the second single-wire data bus line ( CL ) then change, provided no other data bus subscribers overwrite these values, according to the logical value of the send signal ( TX ). Typically, the differential two-wire data bus is used with its first single-wire data bus line ( CH ) and its second single-wire data bus line ( CL ) through a resistor network that takes the form of a first resistor ( RH ) and a second resistor ( RL ) compared to a reference potential of a reference potential line ( GND ) by means of a first capacity ( C1H ) and a second capacitance (C1L) fixed in terms of alternating potential.

In the proposed device of the 3 includes the CAN transceiver, i.e. the bus driver ( CANTR ), the said main driver ( M. ) and now, as proposed, an additional driver ( % ), with which the transition from the dominant data bus state ( DBM ) into the recessive state ( RBM ) by shortening the fall time ( T _decay ) to the shortened fall time ( T _% ) can be accelerated. To do this, the microcomputer controls ( µC ) preferably by means of an acceleration line ( SU ) an acceleration logic ( SUL ) within the bus driver ( CANTR ). Typically, the acceleration logic uses ( SU ) further signals within the bus driver ( CANTR ). This can be, for example, the information of the transmission signal ( TX ), since there is a reduction in the output resistance of the bus driver ( CANTR ) only with a transition from the dominant data bus state ( DBM ) to the recessive data bus state ( RBM ) is required and only then the fall time ( T _decay ) at the reduced waste time ( T _% ) should be reduced in time. The acceleration logic ( SUL ) is therefore preferred at least by the transmission signal ( TX ) and an acceleration signal ( SU ) controlled. The acceleration signal ( SU ) and the transmission signal ( TX ) are preferred by the microcomputer ( µC ) generated. The acceleration logic ( SUL ) controls the timing of the additional driver ( % ).

In the arbitration phase, the additional driver ( % ) preferably only for the duration of an active period ( T _A ) active, which is preferably somewhat greater than the expected shortened fall time ( T _% ) is selected so as not to interfere with the data bus if another bus driver tries to send data to the bus in which this other bus driver tries to put the data bus in a dominant data bus state ( DBM ) bring to.

2 illustrates the shortening of the original potential difference drop (shown in dashed lines) with an original drop time ( T _decay ) compared to the potential difference drop with the additional driver ( % ) and the shortening of the original fall time ( T _decay ) at the reduced waste time ( T _% ) (drawn solid). the 2 is also in the US 9 606 948 B2 found in a similar form.

If the communication between the bus nodes, which takes place via the corresponding bus driver ( CANTR ) have already been made and the high Data frame speed of the CAN FD protocol is carried out or if the communication is a point-to-point communication, the activity time ( T _A ) of the additional driver ( % ), can also be extended until the potential of the first single-wire data line ( CH ) and / or the potential of the second single-wire data line ( CL ) the center potential (MP), i.e. the potential that is in the recessive data bus state ( RBM ) is taken. This recessive data bus potential, i.e. the center potential (MP), is typically close to half the operating voltage (VCC / 2).

To avoid conflicts, the additional driver ( % ) the first single-wire data bus line ( CH ) and the second single-wire data bus line ( CL ) before 70% of the temporal data bit duration ( Tbit ) since the end of the dominant data bus state ( DBM ) free at the transition time (T _o ). This is done in order to conform to the requirements of the ISO standard. Release in this sense means that the additional driver ( % ) becomes higher impedance at its outputs, i.e. essentially switches off, and therefore no longer supplies any significant current to the data bus or takes it from the data bus and thus the potential of the first single-wire data bus line ( CH ) and the potential of the second single-wire data bus line ( CL ) is no longer significantly influenced.

4th shows a simplified schematic of an exemplary implementation of a main driver ( M. ). At the in 4th presented implementation of the main driver ( M. ) is a standard CAN driver, as is common in the state of the art.

The main driver ( M. ) is designed to use the potential of the first single-wire data bus line ( CH ) in the dominant data bus state ( DBM ) to warp in the direction of the potential of its operating voltage line (VCC). This drives the main driver ( M. ) the potential of the first single-wire data bus line ( CH ) to a first potential ( HP ).

The main driver ( M. ) is designed to use the potential of the second single-wire data bus line ( CL ) in the dominant data bus state ( DBM ) in the direction of the potential of its reference potential on the reference voltage line ( GND ) to be forgiven. This drives the main driver ( M. ) the potential of the second single-wire data bus line ( CL ) to a second potential ( LP ).

The main driver ( M. ) via a first control line driver ( M _H ), which is the first control connection ( QG1 ) of the first transistor (Q1) depending on the transmission signal ( TX ) controls.

It also has a second control line driver ( M _L ), which connects the second control connection ( QG2 ) of the second transistor (Q2) depending on the transmission signal ( TX ) controls.

The first transistor type of the first transistor (Q1) and the second transistor type of the second transistor (Q2), as well as the first sign of the first gain of the first control line driver ( M _H ) and the second sign of the second gain of the second control line driver ( M _L ) preferably chosen so that the first transistor (Q1) depends on the transmission signal ( TX ) always conducts when the second transistor (Q2) depends on the transmission signal ( TX ) also conducts and the first transistor (Q1) depends on the transmission signal ( TX ) always blocks when the second transistor (Q2) depends on the transmission signal ( TX ) also locks.

A first diode ( D1 ) and a second diode ( D2 ) serve to protect the device and define the permitted current directions.

The first transistor (Q1) is preferably connected to its first connection via the first diode ( D1 ) connected to the supply voltage line (VCC) and preferably with its second connection to the first single-wire data bus line ( CH ) tied together. The first control connection ( QG1 ) of the first transistor (Q1) is preferably connected to the output of the first control line driver ( M _H ), whose input is preferably connected to the transmit signal ( TX ) connected is.

The first connection of the second transistor (Q2) is preferably connected to the reference potential line ( GND ) and preferably with its second connection via the second diode ( D2 ) with the second single-wire data bus line ( CL ) tied together. The second control connection ( QG2 ) of the second transistor (Q2) is preferably connected to the output of the second control line driver ( M _L ), whose input is preferably connected to the transmit signal ( TX ) connected is.

This main driver ( M. ) during the dominant data bus state ( DBM ) a voltage difference between the potential of the first single-wire data bus line ( CH ) and the potential of the second single-wire data bus line ( CL ) of preferably between 3V and 1.5V according to ISO.

The broadcast signal ( TX ) controls the first control line driver ( M _H ) and the second control line driver ( M _L ).

In the example of the 4th is the output of the first control line driver ( M _H ) connected to the gate of the P-channel transistor, which here form the first transistor (Q1).

In the example of the 4th is the output of the second control line driver ( M _L ) to the gate of the N-channel transistor, which here form the second transistor (Q2).

The output signal of the second control line driver ( M _L ) is opposite the output of the first control line driver ( M _H ) inverted to take into account the inverted behavior of the P-channel transistor compared to the N-channel transistor.

In the example of 4th as transmission signal ( TX ) a low instantaneous voltage compared to the potential of the reference voltage line ( GND ), the output of the second control line driver ( M _L ) an increased potential and the N-channel transistor, i.e. the second transistor (Q2), has a low resistance and is therefore switched on.

At the same time, the output of the first control line driver ( M _H ) a reduced potential and the P-channel transistor, i.e. the first transistor (Q1) is also low-resistance and therefore also switched on.

In the example of 4th as transmission signal ( TX ) a high instantaneous voltage compared to the potential of the reference voltage line ( GND ), the output of the second control line driver ( M _L ) a reduced potential and the N-channel transistor, i.e. the second transistor (Q2), is high-resistance and therefore switched off.

At the same time, the output of the first control line driver ( M _H ) an increased potential and the P-channel transistor, i.e. the first transistor (Q1), is also high-resistance and therefore also switched off.

The sequence of the diode-transistor pairs (D1-Q1 or D2-Q2) can also be reversed if the integration process allows this.

The additional driver ( % ) now serves to increase the potential of the first single-wire data bus line ( CH ) and the potential of the second single-wire data bus line ( CL ) during the transition from the dominant data bus state ( DBM ) to the recessive data bus state ( RBM ) to a middle third potential (MP), which is preferably half the operating voltage (VCC / 2) compared to the potential of the reference potential line ( GND ) should be defined to draw. This additional driver ( % ) is preferred only during an activation period ( T _A ) active, which preferably corresponds to the shortened fall time (T%) or is somewhat longer than this. The active time ( T _A ) of the additional driver ( % ) preferably begins with the end of the dominant data bus state ( DBM ) at the transition time ( T ₀ ), i.e. with the corresponding point in time of the change in the transmit signal state of the transmit signal ( TX ). This active time ( T _A ) is preferably shorter than the temporal data bit duration ( Tbit ) to meet the requirements of the ISO standard.

5 shows a simplified schematic of an exemplary implementation of an additional driver ( % ). At the in 5 presented implementation of the additional driver ( % ) it is a CAN driver, as it is not common in the state of the art in the opinion of the applicant.

The additional driver ( % ) is designed for the potential of the first single-wire data bus line ( CH ) in the recessive data bus state ( RBM ) in the direction of the fourth potential (MP _L ), which is preferably approximately the potential of half the operating voltage (VCC / 2) against the potential of the reference voltage line ( GND ) minus half the difference in the minimum voltage amount ( MD ) corresponds to forgiving. _{In reality, the value actually output will move around this mean value of the fourth potential (MP L} ) in a tolerance range between + 25% and -25% and / or better between + 10% and -10% of the amount of the operating voltage.

The additional driver ( % ) is also designed for the potential of the second single-wire data bus line ( CL ) in the recessive data bus state ( RBM ) in the direction of the third potential (MP _H ), which is preferably approximately the potential of half the operating voltage (VCC / 2) against the potential of the reference voltage line ( GND ) plus half the difference in the minimum voltage amount ( MD ) corresponds to forgiving. _{In reality, the value actually output will move around this mean value of the third potential (MP H} ) in a tolerance range between + 25% and -25% and / or better between + 10% and -10% of the amount of the operating voltage.

The proposed bus driver ( CANTR ) via a third control line driver ( % _H ), which is the third control connection ( QG3 ) of the third transistor (Q3) depending on the transmission signal ( TX ) controls.

It also has a fourth control line driver ( % _L ), which is the fourth control connection ( QG4 ) of the fourth transistor (Q4) depending on the transmission signal ( TX ) controls.

The third transistor type of the third transistor (Q3) and the fourth transistor type of the fourth transistor (Q4), as well as the third sign of the third gain of the third control line driver ( % _H ) and the fourth sign of the fourth gain of the fourth control line driver ( % _L ) preferably chosen so that the third transistor (Q3) depends on the acceleration signal ( SU ) always conducts when the fourth transistor (Q4) depends on the acceleration signal ( SU ) also conducts and that the third transistor (Q3) depends on the acceleration signal ( SU ) always blocks when the fourth transistor (Q4) depends on the acceleration signal ( SU ) also locks.

A third diode ( D3 ) and a fourth diode ( D4 ) serve to protect the device and define the permitted current directions.

The third transistor (Q3) is preferably connected to its first connection via the third diode ( D3 ) connected to a first medium voltage line approximately at a third potential (MP _H ) and preferably with its second connection to the second single-wire data bus line ( CL ) tied together. The third control connection ( QG3 ) of the third transistor (Q3) is preferably connected to the output of the third control line driver ( % _H ), whose input is preferably connected to the acceleration signal ( SU ) connected is. The first mid-voltage line is preferably at half the operating voltage potential (Vcc / 2) plus half the difference in the minimum voltage magnitude. Under this condition, the third transistor (Q3) pulls the potential of the second single-wire data bus line ( CL ) to the third potential (MP _H ) when the third transistor (Q3) is switched on.

The fourth transistor (Q4) is preferably connected with its first connection to a second medium voltage line approximately at a fourth potential (MP _L ) and preferably with its second connection to the first single-wire data bus line ( CH ) via the fourth diode ( D4 ) tied together. The fourth control connection ( QG4 ) of the fourth transistor (Q4) is preferably connected to the output of the fourth control line driver ( % _L ), whose input is preferably connected to the acceleration signal ( SU ) connected is. The second mid-voltage line is preferably at half the operating voltage potential (Vcc / 2) minus half the difference in the minimum voltage magnitude. Under this condition, the fourth transistor (Q4) pulls the potential of the first single-wire data bus line ( CH ) to the fourth potential (MP _L ) when the fourth transistor (Q4) is switched on.

There is one major difference to the 9 the US 9 606 948 B2 , in which the transistor 925 is connected to the single-wire data bus line CANH and the transistor 935 is connected to the single-wire data bus line CANL. The circuit arrangement shown in this way cannot physically lead to the desired result. To that extent is the 5 the disclosure presented here differs from that 9 the US 9 606 948 B2 and is therefore also expressly claimed in the event that the minimum voltage difference is OV.

This additional driver influences ( % ) during the dominant data bus state ( DBM ) the voltage difference between the potential of the first single-wire data bus line ( CH ) and the potential of the second single-wire data bus line ( CL ) is not preferred because it is the result of the interchanging of the single-wire data buses and the result of suitable control via the acceleration signal ( SU ) then locks.

The acceleration signal ( SU ) controls the third control line driver ( % _H ) and the fourth control line driver ( % _L ).

In the example of the 5 is the output of the third control line driver ( % _H ) connected to the gate of the P-channel transistor, which here forms the third transistor (Q3).

In the example of the 5 is the output of the fourth control line driver ( % _L ) to the gate of the N-channel transistor, which here forms the fourth transistor (Q4).

The output signal of the fourth control line driver ( % _L ) is opposite the output of the third control line driver ( % _H ) inverted to take into account the inverted behavior of the P-channel transistor compared to the N-channel transistor.

In the example of 5 as an acceleration signal ( SU ) a low instantaneous voltage compared to the potential of the reference potential line ( GND ), the output of the fourth control line driver ( % _L ) an increased potential and the N-channel transistor, i.e. the second transistor (Q2), has a low resistance and is therefore switched on.

At the same time, the output of the third control line driver ( % _H ) a reduced potential and the P-channel transistor, i.e. the third transistor (Q3) is also low-resistance and therefore also switched on.

In the example of 5 as an acceleration signal ( SU ) a high instantaneous voltage compared to the potential of the reference potential line ( GND ), the output of the fourth control line driver ( % _L ) a reduced potential and the N-channel transistor, i.e. the fourth transistor (Q4) is high-resistance and therefore switched off.

At the same time, the output of the third control line driver ( % _H ) an increased potential and the P-channel transistor, i.e. the third transistor (Q3) is also high-resistance and therefore also switched off.

The sequence of the diode-transistor pairs (D3-Q3 or D4-Q4) can also be reversed if the integration process allows this.

6th equals to 2 with the difference that now, as suggested, the additional driver ( % ) the first single-wire data line ( CH ) does not drive with a center potential (Vcc / 2), but with a fourth potential (MP _L ), which is selected to be lower. In the example, the fourth potential (MP _L ) essentially corresponds to the potential of the reference potential plus half the operating voltage (Vcc) minus half the minimum voltage difference ( MD ).

Another difference between 2 and 6th is that now, as suggested, the additional driver ( % ) the second single-wire data line ( CL ) does not drive with a center potential (Vcc / 2), but with a third potential (MP _H ) that is selected to be higher. In the example, the third potential (MP _H ) essentially corresponds to the potential of the reference potential plus half the operating voltage (Vcc) plus half the minimum voltage difference ( MD ). As can be easily seen, the shortened fall time is shortened ( T _% ) again, which is a major advantage over the prior art.

6th shows an exemplary signal curve.

In the 6th it can be seen that the acceleration signal ( SU ) except for the period of an active time ( T _A ) after the rising edge of the transmit signal ( TX ), which marks the transition time (T _o ), otherwise remains at a high level. The duration of the active time ( T _A ) should be equal to or longer than the duration of the reduced waste time ( T _% ) be. The active time ( T _A ) begins with the transition point ( T ₀ ). The duration of the active time ( T _A ) should also be less than 70% of the temporal data bit duration ( Tbit ) in order to be able to meet the ISO standard. In the example of the 6th can the transmission signal ( TX ) assume the exemplary logical values 1 and 0. In the example of the 6th can the acceleration signal ( SU ) assume the exemplary logical values 1 and 0. In the example of the 6th brings the bus driver ( CANTR ) the data bus in a dominant data bus state ( DBM ), if the logical value of the transmission signal ( TX ) Is 0. In the example of the 6th lets the driver ( CANTR ) a change of the data bus to a recessive data bus state ( RBM ) if the logical value of the transmission signal ( TX ) 1 is. An additional circuit - here the additional driver ( % ) - in conjunction with the acceleration logic ( SUL ) and the microcomputer ( µC ), then brings the data bus into the recessive data bus state ( RBM ). The recessive data bus state permitted by the bus driver ( RBM ) can be caused by other bus drivers on the data bus that have a dominant data bus state ( DBM ) want to be memorized.

Like the exemplary one 4th and 5 can be found, the additional driver ( % ) has a similar structure to the main driver ( M. ). In particular, it differs from the main driver ( M. ) that, first of all, it preferably impresses a differential voltage on the data bus, which essentially corresponds to the negative minimum voltage difference ( MD ) corresponds to or only slightly deviates from it and that, secondly, it can be overwritten by other bus drivers and that, thirdly, it nevertheless preferably impresses a common-mode potential on the data bus that essentially corresponds to half the operating voltage. The acceleration signal ( SU ) controls the third control line driver ( % _H ) and the fourth control line driver ( % _L ). Their outputs are each connected to the gates of the P-MOS transistor, which is the third transistor (Q3) here, and the N-MOS transistor, which is the fourth transistor (Q4) here. The P-MOS transistor, here the third transistor (Q3), is in the example 5 with its drain to the second single-wire data bus line ( CL ) while its source connection is connected to the cathode of the third diode ( D3 ) connected is. The anode of the third diode ( D3 ) is with the recessive voltage reference in the form of the first medium voltage line, which is at the third potential (MP _H ), which is typically half the operating voltage (VCC / 2) related to the potential of the reference voltage line ( GND ) plus half the difference in the minimum voltage amount ( MD ) corresponds, connected. The source connection of the N-MOS transistor, which is the fourth transistor (Q4) here, is connected to the recessive voltage reference in the form of the second medium-voltage line, which is at the fourth potential (MP _L ), which is typically half the operating voltage (VCC / 2) based on the potential of the reference voltage line ( GND ) minus half the difference in the minimum voltage amount ( MD ) corresponds, connected. The drain connection of the N-MOS transistor, which is the fourth transistor (Q4) here, is here, for example, with the cathode of the fourth diode ( D4 ) tied together. The anode of the fourth diode ( D4 ) is to be connected to the first single-wire data bus line ( CH ) connected. The order of the diode-transistor pairs (D3-Q3 or D4-Q4) can be reversed if the integration process allows.

When the acceleration signal ( SU ) is low, the potential of the output of the fourth control line driver ( % _L ) high and the output of the third control line driver ( % _H ) is low in potential, which turns on the third transistor (Q3) and the fourth transistor (Q4).

When the acceleration signal ( SU ) is high, the potential of the output of the fourth control line driver ( % _L ) low and the output of the third control line driver ( % _H ) is high in potential, which turns off the third transistor (Q3) and the fourth transistor (Q4).

The on-resistance of the third transistor (Q3) and the fourth transistor (Q4) in the additional driver ( % ) should be higher than the on-resistance of the first transistor (Q1) and the second transistor (Q2) in the main driver ( M. ). In this way, the bus driver of another node in the network can control the single-wire data bus lines of the data bus during the arbitration phase without the additional driver ( % ) to be disturbed.

Features of the proposal

The features of the invention, which can be found in the claims, are listed again below. The stress results from the claims. The variants can be combined with one another.

VARIANT 1: Data bus status-controlled variant

Variant 1 concerns a bus driver ( CANTR ) for controlling a differential data bus, whereby the differential data bus has a first single-wire data bus line ( CH ) and a second single-wire data bus line ( CL ) includes. The data bus can be in a dominant data bus state ( DBM ) and in a recessive data bus state ( RBM ) are located. In the dominant data bus state ( DBM ) the first single-wire data bus line ( CH ) to a first electrical potential ( HP ). This first electrical potential ( HP ) typically corresponds to a small voltage drop across the switching transistors of the supply voltage (VCC) against the reference potential of the reference potential line ( GND ).

In the dominant data bus state ( DBM ) the second single-wire data bus line ( CL ) to a second electrical potential ( LP ) from the first electrical potential ( HP ) is different. This second electrical potential ( LP ) typically essentially corresponds to the reference potential of the reference potential line, with the exception of a small voltage drop across the switching transistors ( GND ).

The bus driver drives in the recessive data bus state ( RBM ) the first single-wire data bus line ( CH ) temporarily not. This means that it has a high resistance and that the potentials of the single-wire data bus lines ( CH , CL ) of the data bus is essentially not influenced. This essentially means that leakage currents and the like are neglected.

The bus driver drives in the recessive data bus state ( RBM ) the second single-wire data bus line ( CL ) temporarily not. This means that it has a high resistance and that the potentials of the single-wire data bus lines ( CH , CL ) of the data bus is essentially not influenced. This essentially means that leakage currents and the like are neglected.

The proposed bus driver is characterized by the fact that the bus driver is in the recessive data bus state ( RBM ) after a change from the dominant data bus state ( DBM ) into the recessive data bus state ( RBM ) the first single-wire data bus line ( CH ) for an active time ( T _A ) to a fourth electrical potential (MP _L ) and that the bus driver is in the recessive data bus state ( RBM ) after this change from the dominant data bus state ( DBM ) into the recessive data bus state ( RBM ) the second single-wire data bus line ( CL ) for an active time ( T _A ) to the third electrical potential (MP _H ). The third electrical potential (MP _H ) is different from the first electrical potential ( HP ) and from the second electrical potential ( LP ) different and the value of the third electrical potential (MP _H ) is preferably between the value of the first electrical potential ( HP ) and the value of the second electrical potential ( LP ). The fourth electrical potential (MP _L ) is different from the first electrical potential ( HP ) and from the second electrical potential ( LP ) and different from the third electrical potential (MP _H ) and the value of the fourth electrical potential (MP _L ) is preferably between the value of the third electrical potential (MP _H ) and the value of the second electrical potential ( LP ).

In a first sub-variant, the active time is ( T _A ) no more than 70% of the data bit duration ( Tbit ), what the safe sampling at the sampling time ( ST ) guaranteed.

Preference is given to the fall time ( T _% ) shorter than the active time ( T _A ).

The value of the third electrical potential (MP) preferably deviates from the value of the second by not more than 25% and / or not more than 10% electrical potential ( LP ) plus half the difference in value between the value of the first electrical potential ( HP ) minus the value of the second electrical potential ( LP ) away.

The value of the third electrical potential (MP _H ) preferably deviates by no more than 25% and / or no more than 10% from the value of the second electrical potential ( LP ) plus half the difference in value between the value of the first electrical potential ( HP ) minus the value of the second electrical potential ( LP ) plus half the value of the minimum voltage difference ( MD ) away.

The value of the fourth electrical potential (MP _L ) preferably deviates by no more than 25% and / or no more than 10% from the value of the second electrical potential ( LP ) plus half the difference in value between the value of the first electrical potential ( HP ) minus the value of the second electrical potential ( LP ) minus half the value of the difference in the minimum voltage amount ( MD ) away.

VARIANT 2: Send signal state controlled

Variant 2 concerns a bus driver ( CANTR ) for controlling a differential data bus, whereby the differential data bus has a first single-wire data bus line ( CH ) and a second single-wire data bus line ( CL ) includes. The bus driver has a send signal input that is connected to a send signal ( TX ) connected is. The broadcast signal ( TX ) can have a first transmission signal state and a second transmission signal state. A first output of the bus driver is preferably connected to the first single-wire data bus line ( CH ) and a second output of the bus driver ( CANTR ) is preferred with the second single-wire data bus line ( CL ) tied together. The bus driver ( CANTR ) has a first bus driver state and a second bus driver state and a third bus driver state. The bus driver is in the first bus driver state when the transmit signal ( TX ) is in the first send signal state. The bus driver ( CANTR ) is in the third bus driver state when the transmit signal ( TX ) is in the second transmit signal state and if the transmit signal ( TX ) a state transition from the first transmission signal state to the second transmission signal state at a transition point in time ( T ₀ ) and if an active time ( T _A ) since this transition point ( T ₀ ) has not yet passed. The bus driver ( CANTR ) is in the second bus driver state when the transmit signal ( TX ) is in the second transmit signal state and if the transmit signal ( TX ) has carried out a state transition from the first transmission signal state to the second transmission signal state at a transition point in time (To) and if an active time ( T _A ) has already passed since this transition point (T _o).

The bus driver ( CANTR ) creates a first electrical potential ( HP ) to the first single-wire data bus line ( CH ) when it is in the first bus driver state and creates a second electrical potential ( LP ) to the second single-wire data bus line ( CL ) when it is in the first bus driver state.

The bus driver ( CANTR ) applies a fourth electrical potential (MP _L ) to the first single-wire data bus line ( CH ) when it is in the third bus driver state and applies the third electrical potential (MP _H ) to the second single-wire data bus line ( CL ) when it is in the third bus driver state.

The bus driver ( CANTR ) does not apply any electrical potential to the first single-wire data bus line ( CH ) when it is in the second bus driver state and does not apply any electrical potential to the second single-wire data bus line ( CL ) when it is in the second bus driver state. In other words, its outputs are essentially high-resistance in the second bus state.

Here, too, the first electrical potential differs ( HP ) from the second electrical potential ( LP ) and from the third electrical potential (MP _H ) and from the fourth electrical potential (MP _L ). The third electrical potential (MP _H ) again differs from the second electrical potential ( LP ) and from the fourth electrical potential (MP _L ). The fourth electrical potential (MP _L ) again differs from the second electrical potential ( LP ). The value of the third electrical potential (MP _H ) is preferably between the value of the first electrical potential ( HP ) and the value of the second electrical potential ( LP ). The value of the fourth electrical potential (MP _L ) is preferably between the value of the third electrical potential (MP _H ) and the value of the second electrical potential ( LP ).

Preference is given to the fall time ( T _% ) less than the active time ( T _A ).

Active time is preferred ( T _A ) less than 70% of the data bit duration ( Tbit ).

The value of the third electrical potential (MP _H ) preferably deviates by no more than 25% and / or no more than 10% from the value of the second electrical potential ( LP ) plus half the difference in value between the value of the first electrical potential ( HP ) minus the value of the second electrical potential ( LP ) plus half the value of the minimum voltage difference ( MD ) away.

The value of the fourth electrical potential (MP _L ) preferably deviates by no more than 25% and / or no more than 10% from the value of the second electrical potential ( LP ) plus half the difference in value between the value of the first electrical potential ( HP ) minus the value of the second electrical potential ( LP ) minus half the value of the difference in the minimum voltage amount ( MD ) away.

VARIANT 3: Bus driver status bus controlled

Variant 3 concerns a bus driver ( CANTR ) for controlling a differential data bus, whereby the differential data bus has a first single-wire data bus line ( CH ) and a second single-wire data bus line ( CL ) includes. The bus driver ( CANTR ) now includes a status bus input. The status bus input of the bus driver ( CANTR ) is connected to a status bus. The status bus preferably has a first, second and third status bus status. A first output of the bus driver ( CANTR ) is connected to the first single-wire data bus line ( CH ) and a second output of the bus driver ( CANTR ) is connected to the second single-wire data bus line ( CL ) tied together. The bus driver ( CANTR ) again has a first bus driver state and a second bus driver state and a third bus driver state. The bus driver ( CANTR ) is preferably in the first bus driver state when the state bus is in the first state bus state. The bus driver ( CANTR ) is preferably in the second bus driver state when the state bus is in the second state bus state. The bus driver ( CANTR ) is preferably in the third bus driver state when the state bus is in the third state bus state. The bus driver ( CANTR ) preferably creates a first electrical potential ( HP ) to the first single-wire data bus line ( CH ) when it is in the first bus driver state. The bus driver ( CANTR ) creates a second electrical potential in an analogous way ( LP ) to the second single-wire data bus line ( CL ) when it is in the first bus driver state. The bus driver applies a fourth electrical potential (MP _L ) to the first single-wire data bus line ( CH ) and the third electrical potential (MP _H ) to the second single-wire data bus line ( CL ) when it is in the third bus driver state.

The bus driver ( CANTR ) does not apply any electrical potential to the first single-wire data bus line ( CH ) and to the second single-wire data bus line ( CL ) when it is in the second bus driver state.

The first electrical potential ( HP ) is preferably again from the second electrical potential ( LP ) different.

The third electrical potential (MP _H ) again preferably differs from the first electrical potential ( HP ) and from the second electrical potential ( LP ) and from the fourth electrical potential (MP _L ).

The fourth electrical potential (MP _L ) again differs preferentially from the first electrical potential ( HP ) and from the second electrical potential ( LP ).

The value of the third electrical potential (MP) is preferably between the value of the first electrical potential ( HP ) and the value of the second electrical potential ( LP ).

The value of the third electrical potential (MP _H ) preferably deviates by no more than 25% and / or no more than 10% from the value of the second electrical potential ( LP ) plus half the difference in value between the value of the first electrical potential ( HP ) minus the value of the second electrical potential ( LP ) plus half the value of the minimum voltage difference ( MD ) away.

The value of the fourth electrical potential (MP _L ) preferably deviates by no more than 25% and / or no more than 10% from the value of the second electrical potential ( LP ) plus half the difference in value between the value of the first electrical potential ( HP ) minus the value of the second electrical potential ( LP ) minus half the value of the difference in the minimum voltage amount ( MD ) away.

The status bus preferably has a send signal ( TX ) and an acceleration signal ( SU ) on.

• • Betreiben des Bustreibers im ersten Bustreiberzustand;
• • Betreiben des Bustreibers im dritten Bustreiberzustand für eine Aktivzeit (T_A ) nach der Beendigung des Betriebs des Bustreibers im ersten Bustreiberzustand zu einem Übergangszeitpunkt (T₀ );
• • Betreiben des Bustreibers im zweiten Bustreiberzustand nach der Beendigung des Betriebs des Bustreibers im ersten Bustreiberzustand zu einem Übergangszeitpunkt (T₀ ) und nach Ablauf der daran anschließenden Aktivzeit (T_A );

A preferred operating method is associated with the bus driver of this variant. It includes the steps;

• • Operating the bus driver in the first bus driver state;
• • Operation of the bus driver in the third bus driver state for an active time ( T _A ) after the end of the operation of the bus driver in the first bus driver state at a transition point ( T ₀ );
• • Operation of the bus driver in the second bus driver state after the end of operation of the bus driver in the first bus driver state at a transition point ( T ₀ ) and at the end of the subsequent active time ( T _A );

The shortened fall time is preferred ( T _% ) less than the active time ( T _A ) and / or the active time ( T _A ) less than 70% of the data bit duration ( Tbit ).

VARIANT 4: Operation controlled by transmission signals

This variant 4 relates to a method for controlling a differential data bus. The control of the data bus by the bus driver depends on a send signal status of a send signal ( TX ) away. The broadcast signal ( TX ) can preferably have a first transmission signal state and a second transmission signal state. Multi-valued logics are also conceivable, but will not be discussed further here.

• • Anlegen eines ersten elektrischen Potenzials (HP) an die erste Eindrahtdatenbusleitung (CH), wenn sich das Sendesignal (TX) im ersten Sendesignalzustand befindet. Hierbei entspricht das erste Potenzial (HP) bis auf parasitäre Spannungsabfälle über die Schalter typischerweise im Wesentlichen dem Potenzial der Versorgungsspannungsleitung (Vcc);
• • Anlegen eines zweiten elektrischen Potenzials (LP) an die zweite Eindrahtdatenbusleitung (CL), wenn sich das Sendesignal (TX) im ersten Sendesignalzustand befindet und wobei sich das erste elektrische Potenzial (HP) von dem zweiten elektrischen Potenzial (LP) unterscheidet. Hierbei entspricht das zweite Potenzial (LP) bis auf parasitäre Spannungsabfälle über die Schalter typischerweise im Wesentlichen dem Potenzial der Bezugspotenzialleitung (GND);
• • Anlegen eines vierten elektrischen Potenzials (MP_L) an die erste Eindrahtdatenbusleitung (CH), wenn sich das Sendesignal (TX) im zweiten Sendesignalzustand befindet und wenn das Sendesignal (TX) einen Zustandsübergang vom ersten Sendesignalzustand in den zweiten Sendesignalzustand zu einem Übergangszeitpunkt (T₀ ) durchgeführt hat und wenn eine Aktivzeit (T_A ) seit diesem Übergangszeitpunkt (T₀ ) noch nicht verstrichen ist;
• • Anlegen eines dritten elektrischen Potenzials (MP_H) an die zweite Eindrahtdatenbusleitung (CL), wenn sich das Sendesignal (TX) im zweiten Sendesignalzustand befindet und wenn das Sendesignal (TX) einen Zustandsübergang vom ersten Sendesignalzustand in den zweiten Sendesignalzustand zu einem Übergangszeitpunkt (To) durchgeführt hat und wenn eine Aktivzeit (T_A ) seit diesem Übergangszeitpunkt (T₀ ) noch nicht verstrichen ist;
• • Anlegen keines elektrischen Potenzials an die erste Eindrahtdatenbusleitung (CH) und an die zweite Eindrahtdatenbusleitung (CL), wenn sich das Sendesignal (TX) im zweiten Sendesignalzustand befindet und wenn das Sendesignal (TX) einen Zustandsübergang vom ersten Sendesignalzustand in den zweiten Sendesignalzustand zu einem Übergangszeitpunkt (T₀ ) durchgeführt hat und wenn eine Aktivzeit (T_A ) seit diesem Übergangszeitpunkt (T_o) bereits verstrichen ist.

The differential data bus comprises a first single-wire data line ( CH ) and a second single-wire data line ( CL ). The procedure consists of the following steps:

• • Applying a first electrical potential ( HP ) to the first single-wire data bus line ( CH ) when the transmission signal ( TX ) is in the first send signal state. Here the first potential corresponds to ( HP ) apart from parasitic voltage drops across the switches, typically essentially the potential of the supply voltage line (Vcc);
• • Applying a second electrical potential ( LP ) to the second single-wire data bus line ( CL ) when the transmission signal ( TX ) is in the first transmit signal state and where the first electrical potential ( HP ) from the second electrical potential ( LP ) differs. Here the second potential corresponds to ( LP ) apart from parasitic voltage drops across the switches, typically essentially the potential of the reference potential line ( GND );
• • Applying a fourth electrical potential (MP _L ) to the first single-wire data bus line ( CH ) when the transmission signal ( TX ) is in the second transmit signal state and when the transmit signal ( TX ) a state transition from the first transmission signal state to the second transmission signal state at a transition point in time ( T ₀ ) and if an active time ( T _A ) since this transition point ( T ₀ ) has not yet passed;
• • Applying a third electrical potential (MP _H ) to the second single-wire data bus line ( CL ) when the transmission signal ( TX ) is in the second transmit signal state and when the transmit signal ( TX ) has carried out a state transition from the first transmission signal state to the second transmission signal state at a transition point in time (To) and if an active time ( T _A ) since this transition point ( T ₀ ) has not yet passed;
• • Do not apply any electrical potential to the first single-wire data bus line ( CH ) and to the second single-wire data bus line ( CL ) when the transmission signal ( TX ) is in the second transmit signal state and when the transmit signal ( TX ) a state transition from the first transmission signal state to the second transmission signal state at a transition point in time ( T ₀ ) and if an active time ( T _A ) has already passed since this transition point (T _o).

The fourth electrical potential (MP _L ) is preferably applied to the first single-wire data line ( CH ) and the application of the third electrical potential (MP _H ) to the second single-wire data line ( CL ) so low that the fall time (T%) is less than the active time ( T _A ) is.

Active time is preferred ( T _A ) less than 70% of the data bit duration ( Tbit ).

The value of the third electrical potential (MP _H ) preferably deviates by no more than 25% and / or no more than 10% from the value of the second electrical potential ( LP ) plus half the difference in value between the value of the first electrical potential ( HP ) minus the value of the second electrical potential ( LP ) plus half the value of the minimum voltage difference ( MD ) away.

The value of the fourth electrical potential (MP _L ) preferably deviates by no more than 25% and / or no more than 10% from the value of the second electrical potential ( LP ) plus half the difference in value between the value of the first electrical potential ( HP ) minus the value of the second electrical potential ( LP ) minus half the value of the difference in the minimum voltage amount ( MD ) away.

VARIANT 5: Control according to the

data bus status to be memorized

• • Anlegen eines ersten elektrischen Potenzials (HP) an die erste Eindrahtdatenbusleitung (CH), wenn dem Datenbus ein dominanter Datenbuszustand (DBM) aufgeprägt werden soll. Hierbei entspricht das erste Potenzial (HP) bis auf parasitäre Spannungsabfälle über die Schalter typischerweise im Wesentlichen dem Potenzial der Versorgungsspannungsleitung (Vcc);
• • Anlegen eines zweiten elektrischen Potenzials (LP) an die zweite Eindrahtdatenbusleitung (CL), wenn dem Datenbus ein dominanter Datenbuszustand (DBM) aufgeprägt werden soll, wobei sich das erste elektrische Potenzial (HP) von dem zweiten elektrischen Potenzial (LP) unterscheidet. Hierbei entspricht das zweite Potenzial (LP) bis auf parasitäre Spannungsabfälle über die Schalter typischerweise im Wesentlichen dem Potenzial der Bezugspotenzialleitung (GND);
• • Anlegen eines vierten elektrischen Potenzials (MP_L) an die erste Eindrahtdatenbusleitung (CH), wenn auf dem Datenbus ein rezessiver Datenbuszustand (RBM) zugelassen werden soll und wenn ein Übergang von einem einzuprägenden dominanten Datenbuszustand (DBM) zu einem zuzulassenden rezessiven Datenbuszustand (RBM) zu einem Übergangszeitpunkt (To) erfolgt ist und wenn eine Aktivzeit (T_A ) seit diesem Übergangszeitpunkt (To) noch nicht verstrichen ist;
• • Anlegen eines dritten elektrischen Potenzials (MP_H) an die zweite Eindrahtdatenbusleitung (CL), wenn auf dem Datenbus ein rezessiver Datenbuszustand (RBM) zugelassen werden soll und wenn ein Übergang von einem einzuprägenden dominanten Datenbuszustand (DBM) zu einem zuzulassenden rezessiven Datenbuszustand (RBM) zu einem Übergangszeitpunkt (To) erfolgt ist und wenn eine Aktivzeit (T_A ) seit diesem Übergangszeitpunkt (To) noch nicht verstrichen ist;
• • Anlegen keines elektrischen Potenzials an die erste Eindrahtdatenbusleitung (CH) und an die zweite Eindrahtdatenbusleitung (CL), wenn auf dem Datenbus ein rezessiver Datenbuszustand (RBM) zugelassen werden soll und wenn ein Übergang von einem einzuprägenden dominanten Datenbuszustand (DBM) zu einem zuzulassenden rezessiven Datenbuszustand (RBM) zu einem Übergangszeitpunkt (To) erfolgt ist und wenn eine Aktivzeit (T_A ) seit diesem Übergangszeitpunkt (T₀ ) bereits verstrichen ist;

The fifth variant relates to a method for controlling a differential data bus, whereby the data bus states that can be impressed on the data bus in the method have a dominant data bus state ( DBM ) and a recessive data bus state ( RBM ) include. The differential data bus has a first single-wire data line ( CH ) and a second single-wire data line ( CL ) on. The procedure consists of the following steps:

• • Applying a first electrical potential ( HP ) to the first single-wire data bus line ( CH ), if the data bus has a dominant data bus state ( DBM ) should be impressed. Here the first potential corresponds to ( HP ) apart from parasitic voltage drops across the switches, typically essentially the potential of the supply voltage line (Vcc);
• • Applying a second electrical potential ( LP ) to the second single-wire data bus line ( CL ), if the data bus has a dominant data bus state ( DBM ) is to be impressed, whereby the first electrical potential ( HP ) from the second electrical potential ( LP ) differs. Here the second potential corresponds to ( LP ) apart from parasitic voltage drops across the switches, typically essentially the potential of the reference potential line ( GND );
• • Applying a fourth electrical potential (MP _L ) to the first single-wire data bus line ( CH ) when on the data bus recessive data bus state ( RBM ) should be allowed and if a transition from a dominant data bus state to be memorized ( DBM ) to a permissible recessive data bus state ( RBM ) occurred at a transition time (To) and if an active time ( T _A ) has not yet passed since this transition point (To);
• • Applying a third electrical potential (MP _H ) to the second single-wire data bus line ( CL ), if there is a recessive data bus state on the data bus ( RBM ) should be allowed and if a transition from a dominant data bus state to be memorized ( DBM ) to a permissible recessive data bus state ( RBM ) occurred at a transition time (To) and if an active time ( T _A ) has not yet passed since this transition point (To);
• • Do not apply any electrical potential to the first single-wire data bus line ( CH ) and to the second single-wire data bus line ( CL ), if there is a recessive data bus state on the data bus ( RBM ) should be allowed and if a transition from a dominant data bus state to be memorized ( DBM ) to a permissible recessive data bus state ( RBM ) occurred at a transition time (To) and if an active time ( T _A ) since this transition point ( T ₀ ) has already passed;

The fourth electrical potential (MP _L ) is preferably applied to the first single-wire data line ( CH ) and the application of the third electrical potential (MP _H ) to the second single-wire data line ( CL ) so low that the fall time (T%) is less than the active time ( T _A ) is.

Active time is preferred ( T _A ) less than 70% of the data bit duration ( Tbit ).

The value of the third electrical potential (MP _H ) preferably deviates by no more than 25% and / or no more than 10% from the value of the second electrical potential ( LP ) plus half the difference in value between the value of the first electrical potential ( HP ) minus the value of the second electrical potential ( LP ) plus half the value of the minimum voltage difference ( MD ) away.

The value of the fourth electrical potential (MP _L ) preferably deviates by no more than 25% and / or no more than 10% from the value of the second electrical potential ( LP ) plus half the difference in value between the value of the first electrical potential ( HP ) minus the value of the second electrical potential ( LP ) minus half the value of the difference in the minimum voltage amount ( MD ) away.

VARIANT 6: Additional second voltage source

The sixth variant concerns a bus driver ( CANTR ) for controlling a differential data bus, whereby the differential data bus has a first single-wire data bus line ( CH ) and a second single-wire data bus line ( CL ) includes. The data bus can be in a dominant data bus state ( DBM ) and in a recessive data bus state ( RBM ) are located. The bus driver ( CANTR ) comprises a first voltage source, in particular a first voltage regulator and / or voltage converter, which supplies an operating voltage between a first supply voltage line essentially at a first potential ( HP ) and a second supply voltage line essentially at a second potential ( LP ), which in the sense of this disclosure can be interpreted as setting and outputting for use by the bus driver.

The bus driver ( CANTR ) sets in the dominant data bus state ( DBM ) the first single-wire data bus line ( CH ) to the first electrical potential ( HP ), which essentially corresponds to the supply voltage potential (Vcc) except for the said parasitic voltage drops, and the second single-wire data bus line ( CL ) to the second electrical potential ( LP ) which, apart from the said parasitic voltage drops, essentially corresponds to the reference potential of the reference potential line ( GND ) and that of the first electrical potential ( HP ) is different.

The bus driver ( CANTR ) drives in the recessive data bus state ( RBM ) the first single-wire data bus line ( CH ) and the second single-wire data bus line ( CL ) temporarily not.

The bus driver ( CANTR ) according to this sixth variant is characterized by the fact that the bus driver ( CANTR ) has a second voltage source that generates a first mid-voltage that is essentially at a third potential (MP _H ), and that the bus driver ( CANTR ) has a third voltage source which generates a second center voltage which is essentially at a fourth potential (MP _L ).

In the recessive data bus state ( RBM ) the bus driver sets ( CANTR ) after a change from the dominant data bus state ( DBM ) into the recessive data bus state ( RBM ) the first single-wire data bus line ( CH ) for an active time ( T _A ) to the fourth electrical potential (MP _L ) and the second single-wire data bus line ( CL ) for an active time ( T _A ) to the third electrical potential (MP _H ). The third electrical potential (MP _H ) is preferred to the first electrical potential ( HP ) and from the second electrical potential ( LP ) and the fourth electrical potential (MP _L ) different. The fourth electrical potential (MP _L ) is preferred to the first electrical potential ( HP ) and from the second electrical potential ( LP ) different. The value of the third electrical potential (MP _H ) is preferably between the value of the first electrical potential ( HP ) and the value of the second electrical potential ( LP ). The value of the fourth electrical potential (MP _L ) is preferably between the value of the third electrical potential (MP _H ) and the value of the second electrical potential ( LP ).

The active time is preferably ( T _A ) no more than 70% of the data bit duration ( Tbit ).

Preference is given to the fall time ( T _% ) shorter than the active time ( T _A ).

The value of the third electrical potential (MP _H ) preferably deviates by no more than 25% and / or no more than 10% from the value of the second electrical potential ( LP ) plus half the difference in value between the value of the first electrical potential ( HP ) minus the value of the second electrical potential ( LP ) plus half the value of the minimum voltage difference ( MD ) away.

The value of the fourth electrical potential (MP _L ) preferably deviates by no more than 25% and / or no more than 10% from the value of the second electrical potential ( LP ) plus half the difference in value between the value of the first electrical potential ( HP ) minus the value of the second electrical potential ( LP ) minus half the value of the difference in the minimum voltage amount ( MD ) away.

VARIANT 7: Transmission line status-controlled with voltage source

Variant 7 concerns a bus driver ( CANTR ) for controlling a differential data bus, whereby the differential data bus has a first single-wire data bus line ( CH ) and a second single-wire data bus line ( CL ) includes. The bus driver ( CANTR ) preferably again has a transmit signal input. The send signal input of the bus driver ( CANTR ) is preferred with a transmit signal ( TX ) tied together. The broadcast signal ( TX ) has a first transmission signal state and a second transmission signal state. Multi-valued signals are possible. The bus driver ( CANTR ) has a first voltage source, in particular a first voltage regulator and / or voltage converter, which supplies an operating voltage between a first supply voltage line essentially at a first potential ( HP ) and a second supply voltage line essentially at a second potential ( LP ) and thus makes it available to the bus driver for its operation. A first output of the bus driver ( CANTR ) is connected to the first single-wire data bus line ( CH ) and a second output of the bus driver ( CANTR ) is connected to the second single-wire data bus line ( CL ) tied together. The bus driver ( CANTR ) may have a first bus driver state and a second bus driver state. The bus driver ( CANTR ) is in the first bus driver state when the transmit signal ( TX ) is in the first send signal state. The bus driver ( CANTR ) then sets the first electrical potential ( HP ) to the first single-wire data bus line ( CH ) and the second electrical potential ( LP ) to the second single-wire data bus line ( CL ) when it is in the first bus driver state. The bus driver ( CANTR ) does not apply any electrical potential to the first single-wire data bus line ( CH ) and to the second single-wire data bus line (C) when it is in the second bus driver state.

The second electrical potential ( LP ) is from the first electrical potential ( HP ) differ.

The bus driver ( CANTR ) This variant is characterized by the fact that the bus driver ( CANTR ) has a third bus driver state and that the bus driver ( CANTR ) is in the third bus driver state when the transmit signal ( TX ) is in the second transmit signal state and if the transmit signal ( TX ) has carried out a state transition from the first transmission signal state to the second transmission signal state at a transition point in time (To) and if an active time ( T _A ) has not yet passed since this transition point (T _o). In order to reliably delimit this third bus driver state from the second bus driver state, the second bus driver state is restricted. The bus driver ( CANTR ) is therefore only in the second bus driver state when the transmit signal ( TX ) is in the second transmit signal state and if the transmit signal ( TX ) has carried out a state transition from the first transmission signal state to the second transmission signal state at a transition point in time (To) and if an active time ( T _A ) since this transition point ( T ₀ ) has already passed.

The bus driver of this variant is also characterized by the fact that the bus driver ( CANTR ) has a second voltage source that generates a first mid-voltage that is essentially at a third potential (MP _H ), and that the bus driver ( CANTR ) has a third voltage source which generates a second center voltage which is essentially at a fourth potential (MP _L ).

The bus driver ( CANTR ) applies the fourth electrical potential (MP _L ) to the first single-wire data bus line ( CH ) when it is in the third bus driver state. The bus driver ( CANTR ) applies the third electrical potential (MP _H ) to the second single-wire data bus line ( CL ) when it is in the third bus driver state.

The third electrical potential (MP _H ) preferably differs from the first electrical potential ( HP ) and from the second electrical potential ( LP ) and from the fourth electrical potential (MP _L ). The fourth electrical potential (MP _L ) preferably differs from the first electrical potential ( HP ) and from the second electrical potential ( LP ). The value of the third electrical potential (MP _H ) is preferably between the value of the first electrical potential ( HP ) and the value of the second electrical potential ( LP ). The value of the fourth electrical potential (MP _L ) is preferably between the value of the first electrical potential ( HP ) and the value of the second electrical potential ( LP ).

The bus driver is preferred ( CANTR ) suitable and provided that the waste time ( T _% ) less than the active time ( T _A ) is. This is ensured, for example, by a sufficiently low resistance of its outputs in the third operating state.

The active time ( T _A ) is preferably less than 70% of the data bit duration ( Tbit ).

The value of the third electrical potential (MP _H ) preferably deviates by no more than 25% and / or no more than 10% from the value of the second electrical potential ( LP ) plus half the difference in value between the value of the first electrical potential ( HP ) minus the value of the second electrical potential ( LP ) plus half the value of the minimum voltage difference ( MD ) away.

The value of the fourth electrical potential (MP _L ) preferably deviates by no more than 25% and / or no more than 10% from the value of the second electrical potential ( LP ) plus half the difference in value between the value of the first electrical potential ( HP ) minus the value of the second electrical potential ( LP ) minus half the value of the difference in the minimum voltage amount ( MD ) away.

advantage

Such a bus driver enables, at least in some implementations, a significantly higher data rate than the devices from the prior art. The advantages are not limited to this. The invention thus makes it possible to increase the construction rate of the transceiver further.

List of reference symbols

%

additional driver or additional driver;

%H

third control line driver;

% L

fourth control line driver;

Bit0

zeroth data bit;

Bit1

first data bit;

Bit2

second data bit;

Bit3

third data bit;

CANCTR

CAN controller;

CANTR

CAN transceiver or bus driver;

C1H

first capacity;

C2H

second capacity;

CH

first single-wire data line of the differential data bus. In the dominant data bus phase ( DBM ) the first single-wire data line is pulled to the first potential (VDD) with low resistance by the bus driver. In the recessive data bus phase ( RBM ) an external circuit in the prior art pulls the first single-wire data bus line back to a center potential (MP) with high resistance;

CL

second single-wire data line of the differential data bus. In the dominant data bus phase ( DBM ) the second single-wire data line is low-ohmic to the second potential ( GND ) drawn. In the recessive data bus phase ( RBM ) an external circuit in the prior art pulls the first single-wire data bus line back to a center potential (MP) with high resistance;

D1

first diode;

D2

second diode;

D3

third diode;

D4

fourth diode;

DBM

dominant data bus phase. In this phase, the potential of the first single-wire data bus line ( CH ) low resistance through the bus driver to a first potential ( HP ) and the potential of the second single-wire data bus line ( CL ) low resistance through the bus driver to a second potential ( LP ) to be driven;

FDCTR

FD controller;

GND

Reference potential line;

HP

first potential. The first potential is preferably equal to the potential of the positive supply voltage line (VDD);

LP

second potential. The second potential is preferably equal to the potential of the negative supply voltage line ( GND );

µC

Microcomputer or computer system;

M.

Main driver;

MH

first control line driver;

ML

second control line driver;

MD

Minimum voltage difference;

MPH

third potential;

MPL

fourth potential;

QG1

first control terminal of the first transistor (Q1);

QG2

second control terminal of the second transistor (Q2);

QG3

third control terminal of the third transistor (Q3);

QG4

fourth control terminal of the fourth transistor (Q4);

RBM

recessive data bus phase. In this phase, the potential of the first single-wire data bus line ( CH ) and the potential of the second single-wire data bus line ( CL ) are at a center potential (MP). In the prior art, this center potential is set at high resistance by an external circuit so that it can be overwritten;

RH

first resistance;

RL

second resistance;

ST

Sampling time;

SU

Acceleration line;

SUL

Acceleration logic;

T%

reduced fall time;

T0

Transition point;

TA

Active time;

Tbit

Data bit duration;

Tdecay

Fall time;

TX

Transmit signal;

List of the cited writings

• EP 2 635 971 B1 ,
• US 9 606 948 B2 ,
• EP 3 217 602 B1 ,
• DE 10 2017 213 833 A1 .

Claims (4)

Bus driver (CANTR) for controlling a differential data bus, - wherein the differential data bus comprises a first single-wire data bus line (CH) and a second single-wire data bus line (CL) and - wherein the bus driver (CANTR) has a transmission signal input and - wherein the transmission signal input of the bus driver (CANTR) is connected to a transmission signal (TX) and - wherein the transmission signal (TX) can have a first transmission signal state and - wherein the transmission signal (TX) has a second Can have transmit signal state and - wherein a first output of the bus driver (CANTR) is connected to the first single-wire data bus line (CH) and - wherein a second output of the bus driver (CANTR) is connected to the second single-wire data bus line (CL) and - wherein the bus driver (CANTR ) has a first bus driver state and a second bus driver state and a third bus driver state and - wherein the bus driver (CANTR) is in the first bus driver state when the transmit signal (TX) is in the first transmit signal state and - wherein the bus driver (CANTR) is in the third bus driver state - if the transmission signal (TX) is in the second transmission signal state and - if the transmission signal l (TX) has carried out a state transition from the first transmission signal state to the second transmission signal state at a transition point in time (T ₀ ) and - if an active time (T _A ) has not yet passed since this transition point in time (To) and - where the bus driver (CANTR) in the second bus driver state is - when the transmission signal (TX) is in the second transmission signal state and - when the transmission signal (TX) has made a state transition from the first transmission signal state to the second transmission signal state at a transition time (T _o ) and - if an active time (T _A ) has already passed since this transition time (To) and - the bus driver (CANTR) applies a first electrical potential (HP) to the first single-wire data bus line (CH) when it is in the first bus driver state and - the bus driver (CANTR) applies a second electrical potential (LP) to the second single-wire data bus line (CL) when it is in the first bus driver state and - wherein the bus driver (CANTR) applies a fourth electrical potential (MP _L ) to the first single-wire data bus line (CH) when it is in the third bus driver state and - wherein the bus driver (CANTR) applies a third electrical potential (MP _H ) to the second single-wire data bus line (CL) applies when it is in the third bus driver state and - the bus driver (CANTR) does not apply any electrical potential to the first single-wire data bus line (CH) when it is in the second bus driver state and - the bus driver (CANTR) does not applies electrical potential to the second single-wire data bus line (CL) when it is in the second bus driver state and - wherein the first electrical potential (HP) differs from the second electrical potential (LP) and - the third electrical potential (MP _H ) differs from the first electrical potential (HP) differs and - where the third electrical potential (MP _H ) differs from the second electrical potential l (LP) differs and - where the fourth electrical potential (MP _L ) differs from the first electrical potential (HP) and - where the fourth electrical potential (MP _L ) differs from the second electrical potential (LP) and - where the fourth electrical potential (MP _L ) differs from the third electrical potential (MP _H ) and - where the value of the third electrical potential (MP _H ) is between the value of the first electrical potential (HP) and the value of the second electrical potential (LP) and - wherein the value of the fourth electrical potential (MP _L ) is between the value of the third electrical potential (MP _H ) and the value of the second electrical potential (LP). Bus driver (CANTR) Claim 1 - where the active time (T _A ) is less than 70% of the data bit duration (Tbit). Bus driver (CANTR) according to one or more of the preceding claims - wherein the value of the third electrical potential (MP _H ) is not more than 25% and / or not more than 10% of the value of the second electrical potential (LP) plus half the value difference between the value of the first electrical potential (HP) minus the value of the second electrical potential (LP) plus half a minimum voltage amount difference (MD), the minimum voltage amount difference (MD) being the voltage difference between the potential of the first single-wire data bus line (CH) minus the amount of the potential of the second single-wire data bus line (CL) can be exceeded. Bus driver (CANTR) according to one or more of the preceding claims - wherein the value of the fourth electrical potential (MP _L ) is not more than 25% and / or not more than 10% of the value of the second electrical potential (LP) plus half the value difference between the value of the first electrical potential (HP) minus the value of the second electrical potential (LP) minus half the minimum voltage amount difference (MD) and - where the minimum voltage amount difference (MD) is determined by the voltage difference between the potential of the first single-wire data bus line (CH) minus the potential of the second single-wire data bus line (CL) in terms of amount.

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