DE102019105991A1 - Method for manufacturing a component - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing a component (10), having a first component (1) and a second component (2), wherein the first component (1) is a component produced by 3D printing, and wherein the second component ( 2) is a flat component. To this end, the invention provides that the method has the following steps: 1) forming a clinch base (11) on the first component (1) during 3D printing, 2) attaching the second component (2) to the clinch base (11) on the first Component (1) by forming joining.

Description

The invention relates to a method for producing a component, for example for a vehicle or any other conceivable area of use, which has a component produced by 3D printing, according to the independent method claim and a corresponding component for a vehicle according to the independent device claim.

The use of 3D-printed components, e.g. made of steel, is increasingly used in vehicle construction. As a rule, these components have to be attached to conventional flat or sheet-shaped or sheet-metal sheet metal, extruded or cast components, for example sheet metal body components of a vehicle, e.g. B. made of lightweight materials such. B. aluminum, are connected. Against the background of material mixed construction, in particular of 3D-printed components, e.g. made of stainless steel, and conventional flat components, e.g. sheet-metal components, e.g. made of aluminum, the main focus is on process-reliable and as cost-effective connection technology as possible, preferably by using an established one Joining technology in vehicle construction.

1. 1. Schraublösungen,
2. 2. Widerstandselementschweißen,
3. 3. Reibelementschweißen,
4. 4. Konditionierung des festen und spröden Stahlwerkstoffes mit dem Ziel einer Erhöhung der Umformbarkeit und der dadurch möglichen Nutzung konventioneller Niet- oder Clinchverfahren,
5. 5. Stanznieten.

Known joining techniques for joining solid and brittle steel materials to lightweight materials, such as aluminum, include:

1. 1. screw solutions,
2. 2. resistance element welding,
3. 3. friction element welding,
4. 4. Conditioning of the solid and brittle steel material with the aim of increasing the formability and the resulting use of conventional riveting or clinching processes,
5. 5. Self-piercing rivets.

1. 1. However, the following problems arise with the screw solutions:
   • 1a The connection with screw / nut systems cannot be used economically in body construction due to the problems with automation and the comparatively high costs.
   • 1b It would also be possible to introduce a nut thread into the 3D printed part and then screw it together. However, the introduction of the thread cannot take place directly in the printing process and requires an additional processing step, which significantly increases the manufacturing costs.
   • 1c The use of flow-hole-forming screw connections is limited in terms of the strength of the components to be screwed. In addition, flow-hole screws, e.g. B. in comparison to clinching, expensive.
2. 2. Resistance element welding requires a two-stage process (embossing in the individual part and subsequent welding in the assembly), which causes high production costs.
3. 3. The friction element welding requires a comparatively long joining time and the element costs are z. B. compared to clinching a significant cost disadvantage. In addition, no steel-steel connections can be created using friction element welding.
4. 4. The conditioning of solid components or partial joining zones in components requires an additional work step, which is time-consuming and costly.
5. 5. Self-piercing riveting can theoretically be used to connect 3D-printed components to aluminum sheets. However, the riveting of high-strength materials is only possible to a limited extent, as the rivet load is limited. Brittle materials can only be joined to a limited extent for riveting or only by means of special measures (e.g. special matrices, large flange widths). In addition, there are additional costs for the rivet elements and the rivet feed device.

The object of the invention is therefore to provide an improved method for producing a component, for example for a vehicle, which has a component produced by 3D printing. In particular, the object of the invention is to provide an improved method for producing a component, e.g. for a vehicle, which has a component produced by 3D printing, which is carried out simply, inexpensively and, if possible, without additional fastening elements between the components can be. In addition, it is the object of the invention to provide a corresponding component, for example for a vehicle.

The object according to the invention is achieved by an improved method for producing a component, e.g. for a vehicle, which has a component produced by 3D printing, with the features of the independent method claim, in particular from the characterizing part, and by an improved component, e.g. for a vehicle with the features of the independent product claim, in particular from the characterizing part. Preferred developments of the invention are listed in the dependent claims. Characteristics pertaining to the individual Aspects of the invention are disclosed can be combined with one another in such a way that, with respect to the disclosure, reference is or can always be made to the invention aspects of the invention.

1. 1) Ausbilden einer Clinchbasis am ersten Bauelement während des 3D-Druckes,
2. 2) Befestigen des zweiten Bauelementes an der Clinchbasis am ersten Bauelement durch Umformfügen, insbesondere Clinchen.

According to one aspect, the invention provides a method for producing a component, for example for a vehicle or any other conceivable area of use, to achieve the object, comprising a first component and a second component, the first component being a component produced by 3D printing , for example. Made of steel, preferably stainless steel, and wherein the second component is a flat, ie sheet-shaped, flat and / or sheet-shaped, component, for example. An aluminum sheet, e.g. B. with a material thickness of about 1.5 mm. To this end, the invention provides that the method has the following steps:

1. 1) Forming a clinch base on the first component during 3D printing,
2. 2) Fastening the second component to the clinch base on the first component by forming joining, in particular clinching.

The idea of the invention lies in the integration of a connecting element or a joining element in the 3D-printed component, so that a simple connection technology similar to clinching for attaching, e.g. B. a sheet-like component, for example. An aluminum sheet, is made possible to the 3D-printed component. The connecting element is introduced directly during the production of the first component and therefore does not require any additional manufacturing costs. In the context of the invention, the connecting element is referred to as the clinch base according to the wording of the clinch method specifics. Advantageously, the clinch base can be formed with an undercut recess in which the sheet-metal component to be connected is anchored in the later method step by means of reshaping or, in other words, clinching or clinching. A positive and / or non-positive connection between the first component and the second component can thus advantageously be produced, which does not require any additional separate fastening elements between the components. Furthermore, it is advantageous that the method according to the invention can be carried out with conventional clinch equipment.

Furthermore, the invention can provide in a method for producing a component that in step 1 ) the clinch base is shaped, preferably printed, in the form of a recess on the first component. A joining element can thus already be introduced into the first component during 3D printing, so that a simple connection technique similar to clinching is made possible for attaching the second component to the first component. The recess itself can have a circular, angular or elongated shape, which can be individually selected according to the type of component to be produced and / or adapted to the prevailing balance of forces of the finished component in the area of use, for example on the vehicle.

In a method for producing a component, the invention can furthermore provide that the recess has an undercut profile. The undercut profile enables that in the crotch 2 ) the material of the second component can penetrate into the undercut profile. Thus, a positive and / or non-positive connection can be created between the undercut profile and the pressed-in material of the second component in a simple manner and without separate fastening elements.

Furthermore, in a method for producing a component, the invention can provide that the undercut profile is designed in the form of a, in particular circumferentially closed, for example circular, groove on the bottom of the recess. In this way, a uniform circumferential penetration of the material of the second component into the undercut profile can be made possible. In addition, a form and / or force fit secured in all directions can be established in this way.

In addition, in a method for producing a component, the invention can provide that the undercut profile has at least one, preferably several, barb-shaped undercut element (s) which is / are formed on the circumference of the bottom of the recess. With the aid of the at least one undercut element, the material of the second component can be gripped behind in the undercut element, as in the case of a barb, in order to enable a punctual form-fitting and / or force-fitting connection. Advantageously, the at least one undercut element can be used to create a targeted reinforcement of the fastening between the first and the second component in a loading direction.

In addition, in a method for producing a component, the invention can provide that the recess is shaped in the form of a blind hole, preferably closed at the bottom of the clinch base, or in the form of a through hole. In the case of a blind hole, it is advantageous that a media-tight connection and consequently a significantly higher corrosion resistance between the first and the second Component can be created. A through hole can be advantageous, for example, if the first component has a small material thickness at the fastening point, so that a sufficiently deep blind hole with an undercut profile cannot be created at this point.

Furthermore, the invention can provide in a method for producing a component that in step 2 ) a stamp is used. A punch is a simple element that belongs to conventional clinch equipment and can therefore be easily procured.

Furthermore, in a method for producing a component, the invention can provide that the punch has a first diameter that is smaller than a diameter of the clinch base on the first component, the diameter in particular being measured on an opening side of the recess. Such a choice of the first diameter of the punch can be used when forming joining in the step 2 ) a reliable positive and / or non-positive connection of a sheet metal component with an even relatively soft and / or brittle 3D component can be created. In addition, the connection between the first and the second component can be made with a relatively low joining force (or with a relatively low pressure on the punch in the step 2 )) getting produced.

Furthermore, it is conceivable that the punch has a second diameter that is greater than or equal to a diameter of the clinch base on the first component, in particular the diameter being measured on an opening side of the recess. Such a choice of the second diameter of the punch can be used when forming joining in the step 2 ) a reliable positive and / or non-positive connection of a sheet metal component with a relatively solid 3D component can be created.

In addition, in a method for producing a component, the invention can provide that in step 2 ) a die or anvil is used as a counter holder. With the help of the counter holder, a stable support is created when using the stamp.

According to a further aspect, the invention provides a component, for example for a vehicle, to achieve the object, comprising a first component and a second component, wherein the first component is a component produced by 3D printing, and wherein the second component is a flat, d. H. sheet-shaped, flat and / or sheet-shaped, component is. For this purpose, it is provided according to the invention that a clinch base is formed on the first component, and that the second component is attached to the clinch base by means of deformation joining, in particular clinching. With the aid of the component according to the invention, the same advantages are achieved that were described above in connection with the method according to the invention. Reference is made here in full to these advantages.

In addition, the invention can provide for a component that the component is produced by a method which, as described above, can be carried out. Thus, a simple component can be provided which has a low weight and which enables a reliable seamless connection without additives between the first and the second component.

Furthermore, the invention can provide for a component that the second component is a body component of a vehicle. In this way, all superstructures can be attached to body parts of the vehicle reliably, quickly and inexpensively.

• 1 eine Prinzipskizze zum Herstellen eines Bauteils im Sinne der Erfindung,
• 2 eine weitere mögliche Prinzipskizze zum Herstellen eines Bauteils im Sinne der Erfindung,
• 3 eine schematische Darstellung eines möglichen Stempels zum Herstellen eines Bauteils im Sinne der Erfindung und
• 4 eine schematische Darstellung eines weiteren möglichen Stempels zum Herstellen eines Bauteils im Sinne der Erfindung.

Further measures improving the invention are illustrated below with the description of the preferred exemplary embodiments of the invention with reference to the figures. The features mentioned in the claims and in the description can each be essential to the invention individually or in any combination. It should be noted that the figures only have a descriptive character and are not intended to restrict the invention in any way. Show it:

• 1 a schematic diagram for the production of a component within the meaning of the invention,
• 2 another possible schematic diagram for manufacturing a component in the sense of the invention,
• 3 a schematic representation of a possible stamp for producing a component within the meaning of the invention and
• 4th a schematic representation of a further possible stamp for producing a component within the meaning of the invention.

In the different figures, the same features of the invention are always provided with the same reference symbols, which is why they are usually only described once.

1. 1) Ausbilden einer Clinchbasis 11 am ersten Bauelement 1 während des 3D-Druckes (vgl. die jeweils linke Seite der 1 und 2),
2. 2) Befestigen des zweiten Bauelementes 2 an der Clinchbasis 11 am ersten Bauelement 1 durch Umformfügen, insbesondere Clinchen, (vgl. die jeweils rechte Seite der 1 und 2).

The 1 and 2 schematically show a possible sequence of a method within the meaning of the invention for producing a component 10 , for example. For a vehicle, having a first component 1 and a second component 2 , the first being Component 1 is a component produced by 3D printing, and wherein the second component 2 is a flat, ie sheet-shaped, flat and / or sheet-shaped component, for example. An aluminum sheet, e.g. B. with a material thickness of about 1.5 mm. For this purpose, the method according to the invention provides the following steps:

1. 1) Form a clinch base 11 on the first component 1 during 3D printing (see the left side of the 1 and 2 ),
2. 2) Attaching the second component 2 at the clinch base 11 on the first component 1 by forming joining, in particular clinching, (cf. the respective right-hand side of the 1 and 2 ).

Like it 1 and 2 will also show in step 1 ) the clinch base 11 in the form of a recess A. on the first component 1 shaped.

Using the example of 1 it can be seen that the recess A. in the form of a, preferably down to the bottom of the clinch base 11 or to the bottom of the recess A. closed, blind hole A1 can be shaped. With a blind hole A1 It is advantageous that there is thus a media-tight and therefore corrosion-resistant connection between the first component 1 and the second component 2 can be created.

Using the example of 2 it can be seen that the recess A. in the form of a through hole A2 can be shaped. Such a through hole A2 can be easy to manufacture if the first component 1 has a low material thickness.

Like it from all 1 to 4th can be seen, the recess A. an undercut profile P exhibit. Thus, in step 2 ) the material of the second component 2 , for example aluminum, in the undercut profile P penetrate to between the first component 1 and the second component 2 to establish a positive and / or non-positive connection in a simple manner and without separate fastening elements.

In the context of the invention it is conceivable that the undercut profile P in the form of a, in particular, circumferentially closed, for example circular, groove at the bottom of the recess A. can be trained (cf. 1 to 4th ). In addition or instead, however, it is conceivable that the undercut profile P can have at least one or more punctiform barb-shaped undercut element / s, which are circumferentially on the bottom of the recess A. can be distributed.

Like it 1 and 2 on the right-hand side is indicated in step 2 ) a stamp 3 used.

How it continues the 3 shows can the stamp 3 with a first diameter d1 be selected that is smaller than a diameter D1 the clinch base 11 on the first component 1 , in particular the diameter D1 on an opening side of the recess A. is measured. Such a first diameter d1 is also smaller than a diameter D2 at the bottom of the recess A. . This variant of the stamp 3 can be used for relatively soft components 1 , 2 be beneficial.

Like it 4th furthermore shows can the stamp 3 with a second diameter d2 be selected that is greater than or equal to a diameter D1 the clinch base 11 on the first component 1 is, in particular the diameter D1 on an opening side of the recess A. is measured. Such a second diameter d2 can in principle be greater than or equal to a diameter D2 at the bottom of the recess A. be selected. This variant of the stamp 3 can be used for relatively solid components 1 , 2 be beneficial.

After all, they show 1 and 2 that in crotch 2 ) a die or anvil as a counter holder 4th as well as a hold-down device 5 can be used.

With the aid of the method according to the invention, a component 10 , e.g. for a vehicle, having at least one component produced by 3D printing (the first component 1 ), which is reliable with a flat, ie sheet-shaped, flat and / or sheet-metal, component (the second component 2 ) can be connected. The first component 1 can, for example, be a functional component for the vehicle, such as B. a bracket, a handle, a lighting element, a vibration damping element, etc. The second component 2 can, for example, be a body part of a vehicle.

The preceding description of the figures describes the present invention exclusively in the context of examples. Of course, individual features of the embodiments can, insofar as it is technically sensible, be freely combined with one another without departing from the scope of the invention.

List of reference symbols

10

Component

11

Clinch base

1

first component

2

second component

3

stamp

4th

Counterholder

5

Hold-down

A.

Recess

A1

Blind hole

A2

Through hole

d1

first diameter

d2

second diameter

D1

Diameter clinch base on one opening side of the recess

D2

Diameter clinch base on one bottom side of the recess

P

Undercut profile

Claims (11)

A method for producing a component (10), comprising a first component (1) and a second component (2), wherein the first component (1) is a component produced by 3D printing, and wherein the second component (2) is a flat component Component is characterized in that the method has the following steps: 1) forming a clinch base (11) on the first component (1) during 3D printing, 2) attaching the second component (2) to the clinch base (11) on the first Component (1) by forming joining. Procedure according to Claim 1 , characterized in that in step 1) the clinch base (11) is formed in the form of a recess (A) on the first component (1). Procedure according to Claim 2 , characterized in that the recess (A) has an undercut profile (P). Procedure according to Claim 2 , characterized in that the undercut profile (P) is designed in the form of a groove on the bottom of the recess (A). Method according to one of the preceding Claims 2 to 4th , characterized in that the recess (A) is shaped in the form of a blind hole (A1) or in the form of a through hole (A2). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a stamp (3) is used in step 2). Procedure according to Claim 6 , characterized in that the punch (3) has a first diameter (d1) which is smaller than a diameter (D1) of the clinch base (11) on the first component (1), or that the punch (3) has a second diameter (d2 ) which is greater than or equal to a diameter (D1) of the clinch base (11) on the first component (1). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in step 2) a die or an anvil is used as a counter-holder (4). Component (10), comprising a first component (1) and a second component (2), wherein the first component (1) is a component produced by 3D printing, and wherein the second component (2) is a flat component, thereby characterized in that a clinch base (11) is formed on the first component (1), and that the second component (2) is attached to the clinch base (11) by means of reshaping. Component (10) after Claim 9 , characterized in that the component (10) by a method according to one of the preceding Claims 1 to 8th is made. Component (10) after Claim 9 or 10 , characterized in that the second component (2) is a body part of a vehicle.

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