DE102019103442A1 - Method for the production of a fiber composite component using data glasses - Google Patents

Abstract

A method is proposed for the production of a fiber composite component, including inserting subsegments (6.0) from a fiber material into a form (7) according to an electronically stored layout plan (5), in which the layout plan (5) is a real image of the shape (7) is superimposed and displayed optically by means of data glasses (1).

Description

The invention relates to a method for producing a fiber composite component according to claim 1.

The invention also relates to the use of data glasses in the production of fiber composite components, in particular for the production of structural parts for aviation, according to claim 13.

The invention also relates to a system for the production of fiber composite components according to claim 14.

Data glasses as such have been known to the person skilled in the art since the publication of “Google Glass” at the latest, in particular for industrial applications in the form of “Google Glass 2”, which for example is in US 2013/044042 A1 is described. In particular, they can be used to represent an augmented reality.

Augmented reality (AR) is the computer-aided expansion of the perception of reality. This information can appeal to all human sensory modalities. However, augmented reality is often understood to mean the visual representation of information, i.e. the addition of images or videos with computer-generated additional information or virtual objects by means of fading in / overlay.

In contrast to virtual reality, in which the user is completely immersed in a virtual world, the display of additional information is in the foreground in augmented reality. This entails corresponding technical requirements for position determination (tracking) and calibration, which are known to the person skilled in the art and as such should not be part of the present invention.

With regard to AR, the literature mostly uses a definition according to which virtual reality and reality are combined with one another (partially superimposed), there is interactivity in real time and real and virtual objects are three-dimensionally related to one another. This definition should also form the basis here.

An AR system (ARS for short) is the system of technical components that are necessary to set up an augmented reality application: This can e.g. a camera, tracking devices, support software, etc., such as those contained in the above-mentioned data glasses.

The applicant deals with the production of aircraft, especially electrically powered multicopters for the transport of people and loads. For this, lightweight and resistant structural parts are required, which are regularly designed as fiber composite components.

In general, structural parts for aviation - but not only there - are usually made of fiber composite materials, which are produced by layering and gluing sub-segments in a mold. For the production of such fiber composite components, tissue parts or sub-segments are regularly used, for example and without limitation made of glass fiber, which are inserted into a mold (so-called assignment) according to a predetermined scheme / pattern (so-called assignment) and then glued, for example with a suitable synthetic resin. The tissue parts can also be pretreated with the adhesive (so-called matrix material).

It is known that the allocation of fiber composite components is complex and time-consuming. With the classic layout, the individual fabric parts or the layers formed from them are positioned by markings on the form. These markings are permanently attached and are therefore difficult to change if the assignment is changed.

Where which sub-segment is to be positioned in the mold, and how this is to be done, a worker or worker reads from a so-called occupancy plan, which is relatively error-prone, the quality strongly depends on the qualification and care of the worker; In the case of higher-quality (and more expensive) processes, the position of the partial segment can also be projected directly into the form using laser projection.

Disadvantages include also that with the classic assignment there is no direct digital connection between a planned CAD assignment of the component and the shape electronically stored as a data record, which can impair process reliability.

As already mentioned, it is also known to work with a laser projection in order to display layout plans on the form and to make the work of a worker easier. However, layout plans with laser projection systems cannot be displayed sufficiently well with strongly curved surfaces because this leads to distortions. In addition, one laser projection system is required for each mold, which is expensive, and the worker can shadow it while it is being inserted into the mold.

The invention is based on the object of specifying a method and a system with which fiber composite components can be produced more easily, more cheaply and with improved quality.

This object is achieved according to the invention by a method with the features of claim 1, by a use with the features of claim 13 and by a system with the features of claim 14. Advantageous further developments are defined in the dependent claims.

A method according to the invention for producing a fiber composite component, including inserting subsegments from a fiber material into a form in accordance with an electronically stored layout plan, provides that the layout plan is superimposed on a real image of the shape and visually displayed using data glasses.

The method is not limited to the insertion of partial segments made of a fiber material into a mold. In addition, semi-finished products or blanks in general can also be inserted into the mold. Such a semi-finished product can e.g. be a fiber composite material, but also a foam or another insert (such as a carbon fiber plate, a metal plate, or the like - depending on the requirements with regard to stability, strength, etc. of the component to be manufactured. An insert is used in mechanical engineering, especially in hybrid structures in combination with fiber composite materials, an often metallic component which takes on the main function of introducing force into the fiber composite.

According to the invention, data glasses known per se are to be used to display a layout plan directly in the form to a worker in the production of fiber composite materials or fiber composite components using AR and to support him in this way so that the quality of the fiber composite components produced can be improved .

A use according to the invention of data glasses in the production of fiber composite components, in particular for the production of structural parts for aviation, for which purpose sub-segments from a fiber material are inserted into a form according to an electronically stored occupancy plan (by a worker), provides that the occupancy plan is a real image of the shape is superimposed and visually displayed by means of data glasses, preferably in that the layout plan is successively displayed sub-segment by sub-segment using the data glasses to provide the worker with interactive work instructions.

A system according to the invention for the production of fiber composite components comprises: an electronically stored layout plan for inserting a number of sub-segments made of a fiber material, which are intended and suitable for the production of a specific fiber composite component, in a mold; data glasses that are designed and set up for optical recognition of the subsegments and their position relative to the shape; and a computer unit that is operatively connected to the data glasses, has data access to the layout plan and is designed and set up to visually display the layout plan superimposed on a real image of the shape by means of the data glasses.

The system in its rudimentary form does not yet include the form and the sub-segments themselves, but is limited to providing a suitable AR system with suitable access to at least one occupancy plan.

With a corresponding development of the method according to the invention, it can be provided that the occupancy plan is optically displayed successively sub-segment by sub-segment by means of the data glasses. In this way, the worker can build the fiber composite component in question, segment by segment.

In a corresponding development of the method according to the invention, it can be provided that a position and / or an orientation of a partial segment relative to the shape and / or to at least one other partial segment is monitored by means of the data glasses, for example using optical detection of a (tissue) texture of the sub-segment. This way you can ensure. that there are no (documentary) errors in the construction of the fiber composite component.
It can also be provided that reference points or similar markings are attached to the shape so that a camera that is regularly present in or on the data glasses (or a computer of the data glasses that interacts with this) can recognize where and in what position the shape is . On this basis, it can then be indicated where and how the semi-finished product or sub-segment is to be inserted into the mold.

When inserting subsegments is mentioned in this description, this always includes inserting semi-finished products and / or blanks (in particular inserts).

With a corresponding further development of the method according to the invention, it can also be provided in this context that a property of the position and / or the orientation of one partial segment relative to the shape and / or to the at least one other partial segment is displayed optically coded by means of the data glasses, in particular ( but without limitation) in color coded. In this way, the worker immediately recognizes whether or that a sub-segment is correctly or incorrectly arranged and can correct the assignment if necessary. For example, correctly arranged sub-segments can be marked in green, incorrect ones in red. It is also possible to mark correctly arranged sub-segments with a bold border, but not incorrect ones. The invention is not limited in this regard.

In another corresponding development of the method according to the invention, it can be provided that a further sub-segment or a corresponding further production step is only displayed according to the layout plan when the above-mentioned monitoring provides a positive result corresponding to the layout plan. This ensures in a simple manner that no mistakes are made when making the booking.

With a corresponding development of the method according to the invention, it can be provided that a certain partial segment and / or its position is automatically recognized by means of the data glasses, in particular via a marking attached to the partial segment, for example a QR code, and / or via a shape (geometry) and / or alignment of the sub-segment itself, from which a computer unit determines a position and / or orientation (according to the layout plan) assigned to this sub-segment in the form and controls the data glasses for the purpose of corresponding display. In this way, the method is particularly easy to use because the worker basically only has to look at the available subsegments in order to see their specific use. It is also possible to specifically select or display only that sub-segment which would be next in line according to the allocation plan.

In a corresponding development of the method according to the invention, it can be provided that a fiber position direction of a partial segment is recognized and monitored by means of the data glasses and a fiber position direction of the partial segment corresponding to the occupancy plan is displayed relative to the shape and / or to another partial segment or its fiber position direction using the data glasses. In this way, too, document errors can be avoided and high-quality (re) components can be produced. This development can be particularly helpful for symmetrical, in particular square, subsegments, which otherwise could easily be used with the wrong fiber orientation.

In a corresponding development of the method according to the invention, it can also be provided that a property of the fiber orientation of the one sub-segment relative to the shape and / or to the at least one other sub-segment is displayed optically coded by means of the data glasses, in particular color-coded. In this way, the worker can immediately see whether or not the fiber position was correctly selected according to the layout plan.

Nuances in the color coding or the like can also be used to indicate the degree of deviation from a correct arrangement according to the layout plan (e.g. regarding location, orientation or fiber position direction) of a partial segment.

With a corresponding further development of the method according to the invention, it can be provided that a further sub-segment or a corresponding further production step according to the occupancy plan is only displayed to the worker using the data glasses when the above-mentioned monitoring of the fiber orientation provides a positive result corresponding to the occupancy plan. This also avoids manufacturing errors.

With a corresponding further development of the method according to the invention, it can also be provided that the data glasses confirm a correct position and / or alignment corresponding to the layout plan, in particular also a fiber position direction of a partial segment, preferably by causing a corresponding electronic data record to be saved. In other words: As soon as a sub-segment has been completely correctly stored, the worker preferably receives a corresponding (optical) feedback via the data glasses, and a corresponding electronic data record can be saved, which data record documents the correct assignment of the form with the relevant sub-segment in order to create the most complete process documentation possible.

With a corresponding development of the method according to the invention, it can also be provided that a documentation chain from electronically stored design data of the fiber composite component, preferably 3D CAD data, to the finished fiber composite component itself is generated and made electronically available by storing (the corresponding electronic data record) . This results in the greatest possible transparency and traceability in component production.

In a particularly corresponding further development of the system according to the invention, it can be provided that this - in addition to the basic components mentioned above - further comprises: the number of sub-segments made of a fiber material that are used to produce a specific Fiber composite component are determined and suitable; and the mold for inserting the subsegments, which is suitably shaped for the production of the specific fiber composite component. In this way, the system essentially includes all of the components required to manufacture a specific fiber composite component (with the possible exception of the adhesive or matrix material).

In another corresponding development of the system according to the invention, it can be provided that the computer unit is also designed to carry out the method steps according to an embodiment or development of the method according to the invention. In this way, a system is obtained which is suitable for carrying out the described method in all of the stated forms.

• Durch die Erkennung der Textur des Gewebes eines Teilsegments kann sowohl die Ausführung der Belegung als auch die Ausrichtung des Gewebes dokumentiert werden. Beispielsweise kann das Teilsegment bei falscher Ausrichtung oder einer Position außerhalb der Toleranz etc... rot eingefärbt in der Datenbrille dargestellt werden.

In the following, some particularly advantageous features of the invention are explicitly referred to:

• By recognizing the texture of the fabric of a partial segment, both the execution of the occupancy and the alignment of the fabric can be documented. For example, the partial segment can be displayed in red in the smart glasses if it is incorrectly aligned or in a position outside the tolerance, etc.

It is also possible to display additional information in the data glasses during the occupancy. This can - without any restriction - information relating to the specific arrangement of a sub-segment, the specification of a subsequent sub-segment, a number of remaining sub-segments, a remaining occupancy period, certain processing tips, such as directional information regarding a required shift, or the like.

The smart glasses can be set up to recognize a certain sub-segment (also: location) via a QR code or some other marking or via the shape and orientation, from which a computer (computing unit) that interacts with the smart glasses then the assigned to this partial segment Position calculated in a form and displayed to the worker directly in the data glasses.

Furthermore, the fiber position direction is important for fiber composite materials, which has also already been pointed out. This can also be recognized by the data glasses and displayed to the worker accordingly, so that correct alignment of the subsegments is ensured at all times. This is e.g. helpful for symmetrical, especially square, subsegments.

The data glasses recognize the position and alignment of the individual sub-segments and, if the position / alignment is correct, confirm the process step (the arrangement of each sub-segment) so that the manufacturing process of the desired finished part is ensured once the entire sub-segments have been correctly inserted, which in particular makes subsequent control by an inspector unnecessary can be. As a result, the process can also be streamlined so that the process time and thus also the manufacturing costs can be further reduced.

As already mentioned, the result is a complete documentation chain from the 3D CAD data to the finished component.

It would be possible to carry out a similar method by means of a projector placed above the mold and with a computer which, among other things, knows the allocation plan, interacts. After registering a certain sub-segment, e.g. By scanning a QR code with a camera connected to the computer, the computer calculates the position of the specific partial segment and shows it to a worker in the form of a projection. This would also result in approximately the same advantages as those already described above.

• 1 zeigt schematisch ein System und ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Faserverbundbauteilen;
• 2 zeigt schematisch das System aus 1 und einen Teilaspekt des Verfahrens; und
• 3 zeigt ein Ablaufdiagramm einer speziellen Ausgestaltung des Verfahrens.

Further properties and advantages of the invention emerge from the following description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawing.

• 1 shows schematically a system and a method for the production of fiber composite components;
• 2 shows the system schematically 1 and a partial aspect of the process; and
• 3 shows a flow chart of a special embodiment of the method.

In 1 a system for the production of fiber composite components is shown schematically, which system comprises the following components: data glasses 1 that when the system is used by a worker or manual worker 2 is worn and the data technology - preferably wireless - with a computer unit (computer) 3 connected is. The computing unit 3 has data access to a storage unit 4th , in which a so-called occupancy plan 5 is stored electronically. The occupancy plan 5 defines the insertion of a number of sub-segments made of a fiber material, which sub-segments in 1 with the reference symbols 6.1 to 6.6 are designated, which are intended and suitable for the production of a certain fiber composite component. The system also includes a mold that is used to manufacture the fiber composite component determined and suitable. The shape is in 1 shown only schematically and with the reference number 7th designated. The computing unit 3 is trained and set up to prepare the occupancy plan 5 with the real picture of the shape 7th as the worker did 2 sees, superimposed by means of the data glasses 1 to represent. More precisely: the worker 2 is using the data glasses 1 which of the subsegments is displayed using an augmented reality 6.1 to 6.6 he according to the occupancy plan 5 in the form 7th should insert. This relates in particular to a location, an orientation and a fiber direction of a respective partial segment 6.1 to 6.6 regarding the shape 7th and / or already in the form 7th located sub-segments.

The individual sub-segments 6.1 to 6.6 show according to 1 Markings 6.1 a to 6.6a through which they can be clearly identified. Often, however, this is also possible via the geometry of the subsegments themselves. The identification is done using the data glasses 1 according to the computer unit 3 . The shape too 7th has a marker 7a on so that they are by the worker 2 using the data glasses 1 as determined by the computer unit 3 is identifiable. Using the data glasses 1 can the worker 2 thus showing which of the subsegments 6.1 to 6.6 according to the allocation plan 5 in what concrete way in the form 7th is to be inserted.

In 1 the system described for the production of fiber composite components is only shown schematically and rudimentary. The components required for the complete design of an AR system are familiar to the person skilled in the art and are not explicitly shown and described here (cf. introduction to the description). Some of the components mentioned can be placed in the data glasses 1 be integrated, or they can be used as the smart glasses 1 separate components, which need not be discussed further here. Such components are required, for example, to create a position in the form 7th relative to the location of the worker 2 or the data glasses 1 determine to the smart glasses 1 then using the computing unit 3 to be able to drive correctly. Such processes are known per se and as such are not the subject of the present application.

For reasons of a simplified representation, the different subsegments are 6.1 to 6.6 in 1 shown with identical geometry; however, the registration is in no way restricted to such configurations. Usually the sub-segments 6.1 to 6.6 have different sizes, shapes, geometries and / or grain directions, which is why each of the subsegments 6.1 to 6.6 its own place within the form 7th according to the allocation plan 5 Must "find". This is the responsibility of the worker 2 , as shown schematically, which the individual subsegments 6.1 to 6.6 manually into the mold 7th inserts, as exemplified using the sub-segment 6.1 shown.

Of course, the computer unit must 3 and / or the storage unit 4th not separately (externally) from the data glasses 1 be trained. In the context of the advancing miniaturization in the electronics sector, it is also possible to at least partially insert the corresponding units into the data glasses 1 to be integrated, so that it provides all the necessary functionalities of the system with the appropriate design.

In 2 further aspects of the process or the system are shown schematically. Here and in the following, the same reference symbols denote the same or at least the same elements.

Reference number 7th in turn denotes a (real) mold for producing a fiber composite component. With reference number 6.0 there is already a first sub-segment made of a fiber material according to the layout plan 5 filed. This can be done through the data glasses 1 are displayed or marked in such a way that the subsegment 6.0 in the data glasses 1 a marking frame (shown here in bold) 6.0 ' is superimposed. Colored markings or the like can also be considered. In addition, the worker (not shown here) in the data glasses 1 the correct arrangement of the next sub-segment 6.1 (see. 1 ) already displayed. This display is advantageously only made when the previous sub-segment has been correctly arranged (marking frame 6.0 ' ). The aforementioned marking frame 6.0 ' For reasons of clarity, is only shown in the lower detail enlargement of the data glasses 1 shown.

In 2 denote reference signs 1a and 1b Projection devices of the data glasses 1 with the help of which the (overlay) images to be displayed on the glasses 1.c the data glasses 1 be projected. Reference number 1.6 denotes schematically a corresponding control device that is connected to the computer unit 3 is in operative connection. It has already been pointed out that all functional elements of the data glasses 1 can be integrated into this. The data glasses are not limited to the specific design shown here.

The display by means of the data glasses 1 takes into account the position and orientation of the individual subsegments 6.0 , 6.1 also their fiber orientation, which is shown in 1 and 2 is symbolized by means of appropriate hatching.

Using the data glasses 1 can give the worker (not shown) further information at reference symbols 8th or 9 are displayed. This further information includes, for example Processing instructions in text form (with reference signs 8th ) or, with reference symbols 9 , graphical hints to improve the arrangement of a given sub-segment 6.1 .

As in 2 a virtual image is shown, here the marking frame 6.0 ' and the next sub-segment to be arranged 6.1 ' using the data glasses 1 the real picture of the shape 7th and the already filed sub-segment 6.0 superimposed so that for a viewer (the worker) the below in 2 Overall image shown in the manner of an augmented reality (AR) results. The additional information at reference characters 8th and 9 can be used to make the documenting process even easier for the worker. The data-technical connection between the data glasses 1 , Computing unit 3 and storage unit 4th does not have to be unidirectional; for example, within the scope of the present invention, it is possible in the memory unit 4th Make data entries if, for example, a subsegment 6.0 was arranged correctly in order to document the manufacturing process.

Finally shows 3 a flow chart of an embodiment of the method described.

According to the configuration in 3 the procedure begins in step S1 . In step S2 becomes a (next) sub-segment according to the allocation plan 5 determined and in the data glasses 1 (see. 1 and 2 ) so that a worker can pick up this sub-segment and arrange it accordingly in a form. This process is in step S3 monitored as described. In the next step S4 a query is made as to whether the sub-segment in question has been correctly arranged. If this is the case (j), step takes place S5 a corresponding graphic display or marking (cf. 2 ). If this is not the case (s), step takes place S6 a corresponding (error) display, possibly together with a display of information for correcting the arrangement of the relevant partial segment. The procedure then returns to step S3 back.

Following step S5 takes place in step S7 a documentation of the successfully executed method step by means of storage in the memory unit 4th (see. 2 ) or in a corresponding documentation file 4 ' (in 2 not shown). Then takes place in step S8 a query as to whether all subsegments have already been processed. If this is not the case (s), the procedure returns to step S2 back. Otherwise (j) occurs in step S9 a documentation of the completion of the procedure by saving (see above), and the procedure ends with step S10 .

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent literature cited

• US 2013044042 A1 [0004]

Claims (16)

Method for producing a fiber composite component, including inserting subsegments (6.0-6.6) from a fiber material into a form (7) according to an electronically stored layout plan (5), in which the layout plan (5) is superimposed on a real image of the shape (7) and is displayed optically by means of data glasses (1). Procedure according to Claim 1 , in which the allocation plan (5) successively sub-segment (6.0-6.6) for sub-segment (6.0-6.6) is visually displayed using data glasses (1). Procedure according to Claim 1 or 2 in which a position and / or an alignment of a sub-segment (6.0-6.6) relative to the shape (7) and / or to at least one other sub-segment (6.0-6.6) is monitored by means of the data glasses (1). Procedure according to Claim 3 , in which a property of the position and / or the alignment of one partial segment (6.0-6.6) relative to the shape (7) and / or to the at least one other partial segment (6.0-6.6) is displayed optically coded by means of the data glasses (1) is, in particular color-coded. Procedure according to Claim 3 or 4th , in which a further sub-segment (6.0-6.6) or a corresponding further production step according to the layout plan (5) is only displayed if the monitoring according to Claim 3 delivers a positive result corresponding to the allocation plan (5). Method according to one of the Claims 1 to 5 in which a certain sub-segment (6.0-6.6) and / or its position is automatically recognized by means of the data glasses (1), in particular via a marking (6.1a-6.6a) attached to the sub-segment (6.0-6.6), for example a QR -Code, and / or via a shape (7) and / or alignment of the partial segment (6.0-6.6) itself, from which a computer unit (3) assigns a position and / or orientation in the shape (7th) assigned to this partial segment (6.0-6.6) ) and controls the data glasses (1) for the purpose of corresponding display. Method according to one of the Claims 1 to 6 , in which a fiber position direction of a partial segment (6.0-6.6) is detected and monitored by means of the data glasses (1) and a fiber position direction of the partial segment (6.0-6.6) corresponding to the layout plan (5) relative to the shape (7) is detected by means of the data glasses (1) and / or to another sub-segment (6.0-6.6) or its fiber position is displayed. Procedure according to Claim 7 , in which a property of the fiber orientation of one sub-segment (6.0-6.6) relative to the shape (7) and / or to the at least one other sub-segment (6.0-6.6) is displayed optically coded by means of the data glasses (1), in particular color-coded . Procedure according to Claim 7 or 8th , in which a further sub-segment (6.0-6.6) or a corresponding further production step according to the layout plan (5) is only displayed if the monitoring according to Claim 7 delivers a positive result corresponding to the allocation plan (5). Method according to one of the Claims 1 to 9 , in which the data glasses (1) confirm a correct position and / or alignment corresponding to the layout plan (5), in particular also a fiber position direction of a sub-segment (6.0-6.6), preferably by causing a corresponding electronic data record (4 ') to be saved. ). Procedure according to Claim 10 , in which a documentation chain from electronically stored construction data of the fiber composite component, preferably 3D CAD data, to the finished fiber composite component itself is generated and made electronically available by saving. Method according to one of the Claims 1 to 11 , in which, in addition to the subsegments (6.0-6.6), other semi-finished products and / or blanks, in particular inserts, are placed in the mold (7) according to the layout plan (5), in which the layout plan (5) is also preferably used for the semi-finished products and Blanks are visually displayed by means of the data glasses (1). Use of data glasses (1) in the production of fiber composite components, in particular for the production of structural parts for aviation, for which purpose sub-segments (6.0-6.6) made from a fiber material are inserted into a mold (7) according to an electronically stored layout plan (5), the layout plan (5) is superimposed on a real image of the form (7) and is displayed optically by means of data glasses (1), preferably by the layout plan (5) successively sub-segment (6.0-6.6) for sub-segment (6.0-6.6) using data glasses (1) is represented optically. System for the production of fiber composite components, comprising: an electronically stored layout plan (5) for inserting a number of sub-segments (6.0-6.6) made of a fiber material, which are intended and suitable for the production of a specific fiber composite component, in a mold (7); data glasses (1) which are designed and set up for optical recognition of the subsegments (6.0-6.6) and their position relative to the mold (7); and a computer unit (3) which is operatively connected to the data glasses (1) and which has data access to has the layout plan (5) and is designed and set up to visually display the layout plan (5) superimposed on a real image of the form (7) by means of the data glasses (1). System according to Claim 14 , further comprising: the number of sub-segments (6.0-6.6) made of a fiber material which are intended and suitable for the production of a specific fiber composite component; and the mold (7) for inserting the subsegments (6.0-6.6), which is suitably shaped for the production of the particular fiber composite component. System according to Claim 14 or 15th , in which the computer unit (3) continues to perform the method steps according to one of the Claims 2 to 12th is trained.

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