DE102019102233A1 - Method and device for producing a composite component and motor vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing a component assembly by means of laser welding, a device for producing a component assembly using the method, and to a motor vehicle, in particular a passenger car ). At least one element of the laser unit (30) is moved so that laser radiation (31) strikes at different points of occurrence (35) on a first surface (21) of at least one of at least two components (23, 24, 25) to be connected by welding. At the points of occurrence (35), the component (23) melts, at least in regions, for the purpose of connecting the components (23, 24, 25). A negative pressure is generated in a first spatial area (13) around a respective point of occurrence (35), the first spatial area (13) being delimited in some areas by the first surface (21).

Description

The invention relates to a method for producing a component assembly by means of laser welding, a device for producing a component assembly using the method, and a motor vehicle, in particular a passenger car.

In laser beam welding, components to be joined together by welding are heated by means of laser radiation, so that the material of the components melts at least in some areas and a cohesive connection is produced. The advantages of this method include the good accessibility, the simple and efficient heat input depending on the material of the components to be connected and the low mechanical load on the components to be joined. The latter is particularly advantageous when connecting components made of copper, components made of aluminum or copper-aluminum connections in the area of the secondary cells or secondary batteries, for example lithium-ion batteries, since the electrical contacts of battery cells to be connected here only have thicknesses in the single-digit to low double-digit range Have micrometer range.

Disadvantages lie in the high thermal conductivity of the materials copper and aluminum and in the poor absorption of laser radiation by these materials in the frequently used infrared wavelength range around 1000 nm, which lead to inefficient heat input and make the production of reproducible and error-free welded joints difficult. In addition, the absorption of laser radiation by liquid copper is significantly higher than by solid copper, so that there is a sudden overheating during melting. As a result, the material partially evaporates and there is increased spattering or an irregular weld seam. In the area of battery cells, this represents not only a lack of quality but also a failure or security risk.

To increase the absorption of the laser radiation, it is possible to provide components to be welded with a coating that increases absorption, for example a powder coating. However, material of this coating can lead to contamination of the welding area, the components to be joined or other components. These are to be avoided when manufacturing lithium-ion cells or batteries.

It is also known to carry out laser beam welding under vacuum in order to reduce the melting temperature on the one hand and to improve or stabilize the welding process on the other. The disadvantage here is that the equipment and energy expenditure for generating a negative pressure is high, so that these processes are complex and expensive.

The DE 10 2015 109 013 A1 describes a portable coupling device for laser processing. This comprises a chamber with an inlet and an outlet opening for a laser beam, a suction opening arranged axially with respect to the laser beam, an opening of a Laval nozzle for inflowing a gas into the chamber and an opening to a diffuser for outflowing the gas from the chamber. The coupling device further comprises a connection for a suction pump, which is in flow connection with the suction opening. The laser and the coupling device are in particular rigidly connected to one another. This can be achieved using an arm of an industrial robot. Laser and coupling device can be moved together along the weld seam to be produced.

The DE 10 2015 206 237 A1 discloses a method for vacuum laser welding of an at least two-part workpiece, in which the workpiece and welding goggles are moved towards one another and pressed against one another, so that a welding chamber is sealed. The welding chamber is evacuated and an annular connection area between two workpiece parts exposed to vacuum is welded by means of laser radiation. In this case, the workpiece and the welding goggles are rotated relative to the welding goggle holder, so that a laser source arranged fixed to the welding goggle holder welds the annular connection area.

The DE 10 2014 210 838 A1 describes a coupling optics for a laser welding head for machining a workpiece in a vacuum chamber. This comprises a beam guide tube with a focusing lens for focusing a laser beam on a workpiece surface. A workpiece holder is rotatably arranged around a vertical axis in order to realize circular welds. Suction devices arranged in the vicinity of the welding position or an outlet opening of a purge gas to be introduced serve to produce a purge gas flow or to evacuate the vacuum chamber. An interchangeable protective glass, which is connected to the vacuum chamber in a gas-tight manner by means of seals, ensures the protection of the optical devices and the focusing lens.

The US 4,078,167 discloses a welding device with means for dispensing a non-reactive gas to keep atmospheric gases away from a welding zone and thereby prevent contamination of the weld. With this solution it is achieved that no vacuum must be applied and thus the disadvantages associated with a vacuum are eliminated.

The EP 0 102 251 A2 relates to a laser processing device. This includes a laser source, a radiation judge for laser radiation output, two workstations to cross out the respective laser beams, respective optical devices for focusing the laser radiation in the areas of the workstations, and two computer-aided control devices for controlling the laser processing of two workpieces. The workpiece is moved in relation to the laser source. The EP 0 102 836 describes a similar device having a sealing device in the form of a flat plate. The processing chamber, together with the workpiece to be processed, is arranged so as to be displaceable in relation to the laser beam. Another similar facility is out EP 0 102 835 is known which has a gas-tight welding chamber through which an inert gas can flow. This includes a diffuser for generating a laminar gas flow.

The US 4 162 390 discloses an apparatus and a method for laser welding in a controllable gas atmosphere under negative pressure and under positive pressure. A container for setting a gas atmosphere has an optically transparent device for the irradiation of laser radiation into the container. A gas stream is introduced into the container through an inlet to prevent ionizing particles from reaching the optically transmissive device. The gas flow also serves to cool the optically transparent device. An outflow opening serves to discharge the gas. The workpiece to be welded rests on a support plate.

The US 8 053 701 B2 describes an apparatus comprising a base with two ends and a closed channel system and a wall which extends from one side of the base to partially close off the channel system. The wall has an opening and, due to its shape, is able to retain a gas introduced through the duct system at a welding point. The device further includes a separate seal pivotally attached to the wall and the channel system includes holes in the base that are adapted to receive a laser beam and an inert gas. Processing under a vacuum is not described.

The US 4,518,843 discloses an apparatus for laser machining a workpiece. This includes a laser lens detachably attached for cleaning to remove residues from the laser processing process. The fixture includes a cylindrical base that defines a path for the laser beam that is directed from the laser source to the workpiece. A fastener with a locking means attaches the laser lens to the base. Processing under a vacuum is also not described here.

The US 5 736 710 describes a manufacturing method for a piezoelectric resonator, in which a flange of a sealed container is welded by laser welding. For this purpose, a laser head is placed outside the container. The piezoelectric resonator is rotated in relation to the laser head on the one hand and moved linearly on the other hand.

It can be seen that the known methods for producing welded connections under negative pressure require complex and expensive movement of the components to be connected by welding within the negative pressure atmosphere. In particular when connecting electrical contacts of battery cells, such a movement leads to a deterioration in the position tolerance values due to the small and light components.

It is the object of the invention to provide a method and a device with which, while eliminating the disadvantages mentioned above, the manufacture of a component assembly by means of laser welding is possible in a simple and inexpensive manner.

The object is achieved by the method according to claim 1 and the device according to claim 7. Embodiments of the method are specified in subclaims 2-6, configurations of the device are specified in subclaims 8 and 9. Furthermore, a motor vehicle according to claim 10 is made available.

A first aspect of the invention is a method for producing a component assembly by means of laser welding, in which a laser unit emits laser radiation. At least one element of the laser unit is moved so that laser radiation strikes a first surface of at least one of at least two components to be connected by welding at different points of occurrence. The component melts at the points of occurrence for the purpose of connecting the components at least in regions. A negative pressure is generated in a first spatial area around a respective point of occurrence. The first spatial area is limited in areas by the first surface.

The negative pressure is a system pressure that is less than the surrounding atmospheric pressure outside the device.

The laser unit is a device for outputting laser radiation, which has at least one Has laser beam source. This can be arranged to be movable and thus correspond to the movable element. Likewise, the laser unit can have as a movable element at least one optical element for influencing the laser radiation, such as a mirror or a lens, by means of which laser radiation from an optionally stationary laser beam source can be directed to different points of occurrence. For example, the laser unit emits moving laser radiation with respect to the position of the light source and / or the alignment of the beam path.

The material of the respective component located at the respective points of occurrence is heated and at least partially melted by means of the laser radiation. In particular, the focal point of the laser beam strikes the component at different positions on the first surface. The energy of the laser beam is used at least in part to melt the component in some areas.

At least one area of a further component, which is connected to the component heated directly by means of laser radiation, also melts for the purpose of producing the welded connection. This can be achieved by means of laser radiation, heat conduction or in another way.

The first spatial area is limited in areas by the first surface. In other words, at least one of the components to be connected serves to delimit a vacuum chamber. For this purpose, a first wall delimiting the first spatial area in regions is applied essentially airtight to the first surface, so that the first wall and the first surface jointly delimit the first spatial area. In particular, the first wall forms a hollow body which is applied or can be applied to a flat first surface.

The movement of the element of the laser unit and the emission of the laser radiation can take place at the same time at least in sections, for example for producing a weld seam. They can also be carried out one after the other in chronological order, for example for welding spots located at different positions on the first surface.

In particular, the first spatial area surrounds all points of appearance. In other words, an evacuated volume is provided, which is delimited in some areas by the first surface and within which all points of occurrence are arranged, so that the respective impact of the laser radiation on the component surface is realized under negative pressure.

It can be seen that the focus of the laser radiation in relation to the laser unit is always the same, so that no optical elements such as lenses are required in order to focus the laser radiation on the component surface. This allows a particularly simple, inexpensive and efficient welding. In addition, particularly reproducible welds can be realized with the method according to the invention, since the constant working distance means that no possibly faulty adjustments to the laser unit are necessary. The partial delimitation of the first spatial area by means of the first surface provides a particularly simple method in which a device required for carrying out the method can be placed on a desired position on the first surface and sucked in by means of the negative pressure. In addition, the partial delimitation of the first spatial area by the first surface significantly reduces the size of the volume to be evacuated compared to conventional methods, which leads to shorter evacuation times and thus to a faster and more efficient method.

Due to the mobility of the laser radiation, a large number of welds can be realized by means of the device arranged as described, without the need for movement with a new positioning or fixing of the device in relation to the first surface. The negative pressure ensures that the device and thus also the laser unit are fixed in relation to the components to be welded. In addition, drops or particles generated during welding, which could possibly impair the result of the weld, can be removed from the points of occurrence by means of the negative pressure.

Another advantage of the method according to the invention is that the areas that are not to be welded are protected against contamination, for example by deposits of welding fumes and / or welding spatter. This is particularly important in the production of lithium-ion cells, since this enables the active material of the cell as well as the separator and sealing surface e.g. the pouch film is protected from dirt.

The method is used to produce a welding or material connection between at least two components. In one embodiment of the method, including for joining battery arresters, the material comprises at least one of the components to be connected, copper and / or aluminum. In particular is the material of one of the components to be connected is a copper alloy and / or the material of the other component is an aluminum alloy.

In one embodiment of the method, a suction opening for suctioning off the gas or gas mixture contained is arranged on a first wall delimiting the first spatial area, the suction opening being in particular in fluidic connection with a suction device, for example a vacuum pump. Correspondingly, a negative pressure can be set such that a vacuum or an atmosphere with a reduced pressure level is present at the points of occurrence in the first spatial region.

In one embodiment, the components are fixed or fixed in relation to a frame on which the laser unit is arranged.

In one embodiment of the method, a first hold-down device exerts a first hold-down force on the first surface. The contact surface of the first wall can be designed as a first hold-down device or the hold-down device can be an object separate from the first wall, which is connected airtight to the first wall. The first spatial area is delimited in some areas by the first hold-down device and / or a first wall delimiting the first spatial area in areas is air-tightly connected to the first hold-down device. In the case of a separate first hold-down device, in particular a sealing element for sealing against the first surface is arranged.

The hold-down device contacts the first surface in order to exert the hold-down force on the first surface. In the case of a separate hold-down device, the wall can exert a force on the hold-down device, so that the hold-down force exerts on the first surface. The hold-down device can also be acted upon in some other way. In the other case, the wall can be pressed onto the first surface to exert the hold-down force.

In particular, the components to be welded are fixed during the absorption of the laser radiation. The first hold-down device typically serves to fix the components to be connected, in particular to fix the components to one another in a flat manner. It can be seen that the application of the hold-down force has the advantage of an even and reproducible welding process. This is particularly the case when welding very thin components, in which it has been shown that a flat fixing of the components to one another is essential for a welding result that meets the requirements.

In one embodiment, components are connected to one another that have a respective thickness of less than 1 mm, in particular less than 100 μm, typically between 5 μm and 25 μm and, for example, between 8 μm and 12 μm. In one embodiment, electrical contacts of a battery cell, in particular arresters, are connected to one another or to a current collector rail. In a further embodiment, a component stack comprising at least two electrical contacts, such as Collector foil flags, a battery cell, connected to an arrester of the battery cell.

In particular, laser radiation is emitted while the hold-down force is exerted. In other words, the first spatial region, which is under negative pressure, is stationary in relation to the component or components, while the laser beam is directed at different points of occurrence.

In one embodiment of the method, a first wall for delimiting the first spatial area in areas has a through opening through which the laser radiation is directed onto the points of occurrence. As an alternative or in addition, a first hold-down device which is connected in an airtight manner to the first surface has a through opening for exerting a hold-down force on the first surface. The area of the through opening is limited at most by the outer contour of the first surface. In a special embodiment, the area of the through opening is at most 1.3 times and in particular at most 1.15 times as large as an area delimiting the contour of the weld to be produced and / or the cross section of the through opening is complementary to the shape of the weld to be produced.

The weld means at least one weld spot, at least one weld seam, which can be, for example, linear, punctiform or arcuate or ring-shaped, and / or at least one weld surface.

The areas of the respective through opening and the weld, the cross section of the respective through opening and the shape of the weld are measured or viewed in a plane lying parallel to the surface. The laser radiation is directed in particular at positions at the points of occurrence at which the first spatial area is delimited by the first surface.

The surface to be welded means, for example, a surface of the first surface which is enclosed by the outer appearance points. Areas can be arranged within the surface to be welded, in which is not welded. The area of the weld to be produced can also be the immediate area of a weld, for example one of several welds.

This means that a surface of the through opening is limited in a first embodiment by the component geometry or by the processing surfaces of the components to be welded. Correspondingly, the passage opening in a weld that extends beyond a point shape, that is to say when a weld is carried out, can be so large that it has an only insignificantly larger cross-sectional area than the area that results from an interpolation of the curve comprising the edge points of the weld to be produced.

In other words, in the first wall and / or in a first hold-down device that is separate from the first wall, only the area on which welding is to be carried out is left open. This area of the first wall or the first hold-down device can be referred to as a masking plate. A hold-down force can be realized by means of this, which acts on the largest possible area of the first surface. In other words, the area of the first surface that cannot be subjected to the hold-down force is minimized.

This has the advantage that, in particular, thin components can be welded in a reproducible and error-free manner. Any air between the components to be connected is displaced by the forces that can be exerted, so that foaming due to the release of gas bubbles cannot occur during welding.

For this purpose, the first wall typically has a contact surface for contact with the first surface or with a first hold-down device that can be connected in an airtight manner to the first surface, the contact surface and the first surface being complementary. In particular, the first surface and, accordingly, the contact surface are essentially flat. If irregularities due to tolerances occur, a sealing surface must be used to compensate for these irregularities. For example, a web can be arranged between weld seams, which has a part of the contact surface and in which the hold-down force is exerted.

An embodiment of the method is characterized in that a negative pressure is generated in a second spatial area around a point of a second surface of at least one of the components to be connected. The point lies opposite a respective performance point and faces away from it. The second surface lies opposite and faces away from the first surface. The point is on the second surface. The second spatial area is limited in areas by the second surface.

As an alternative or in addition, a second hold-down device exerts a second hold-down force acting counter to a first hold-down force of a first hold-down device on the first surface on a second surface of at least one of the components to be connected. The second surface lies opposite and faces away from the first surface.

The contact surface of the second wall can be set up as a second hold-down device for exerting the hold-down force on the second surface. Alternatively, the device comprises a second hold-down device, which is separate from the second wall and can be connected to the second device in an airtight manner, for exerting the second hold-down force on the second surface.

In other words, a negative pressure is also generated and / or a hold-down force is exerted on the second surface of the components to be joined opposite the first surface. In other words, a two-part device is used to carry out this embodiment of the method. All of the described features of the first hold-down device can also be implemented in the second hold-down device. This applies in particular to the area and the cross section of the through opening in the second hold-down device.

In particular, a second wall for generating the negative pressure is positioned on the second surface, which can have all the features of the first wall. In particular, this comprises a second suction opening for generating the negative pressure. The second wall can also have a through opening to which the features defined in relation to the first wall apply.

In this way, the components are advantageously firmly fixed to one another or in relation to one another by the second hold-down force, so that there are no deviations with regard to the position of the welded connection to be produced.

When welding a large number of superimposed components, so-called through-welding is desired to ensure that all components are firmly bonded to one another. This is achieved by means of so-called laser deep welding, which is also referred to as the “keyhole process”. In this case, a through opening can be produced or occur at least temporarily through the components to be connected or the component composite to be produced, which is usually closed immediately afterwards by the melt produced. In this case, it is advantageous to apply a negative pressure also in the area of the components to be connected facing away from the first surface. In addition, in this case it is also possible for drops or particles of the weld metal and / or other material to be loosened on the side of the components to be connected facing away from the laser unit, which could possibly impair the weld and can be removed by means of the negative pressure produced, to improve the welding result.

A further embodiment of the method is characterized in that the laser radiation has a wavelength between 400 nm and 650 nm, in particular between 500 nm and 550 nm.

In other words, blue or green laser radiation is used. In particular, the blue laser light has a wavelength between 400 nm and 500 nm, for example between 430 nm and 470 nm and in one example approximately 450 nm. In particular, the green laser light has a wavelength between 500 nm and 560 nm, for example between 515 nm and 540 nm and in one example approx. 530 nm.

This has the advantage that the efficiency of the heat input into the material is significantly increased, especially in the case of copper, since the blue or green laser radiation used leads to an increase in absorption by a factor of 3 to 13.

A further embodiment of the method is characterized in that combined laser radiation with a first wavelength between 450 nm and 600 nm, in particular between 500 nm and 550 nm, and a second wavelength between 950 nm and 1150 nm, in particular between 950 nm and 1100 nm, is used sequentially or simultaneously.

On the one hand, green laser light is used. In particular, this can have a wavelength between 500 nm and 560 nm, for example between 520 nm and 540 nm, in one example approximately 530 nm. The green laser light is combined with infrared laser light with a wavelength that is typically between 1030 nm and 1070 nm and is, for example, approximately 1050 nm. The laser unit accordingly comprises at least one and in particular two laser sources which emit laser radiation of different wavelengths simultaneously and / or in succession.

The combination of the mentioned laser sources has proven to be advantageous since the comparatively low powers of previously available blue / green laser beam sources, which, however, allow a higher absorption of the radiation, are at least partially compensated for by combination with corresponding infrared laser beam sources.

In one embodiment of the method, a gas flow is realized at least in a section between the laser unit or an optically transparent element for passing the laser radiation on the one hand and at least one point of appearance on the first surface on the other hand. This is realized with the emission direction of the laser radiation flowing in essentially the same direction, so that when the laser radiation strikes, released drops or particles are prevented from reaching the laser unit or the optically transmissive element against the direction of flow of the gas stream.

A gas flow means a volume flow from a gaseous medium. For example, it can comprise at least one gas and / or at least one gas mixture. In one embodiment, an inert gas or protective gas can be used. This is a non-reactive gas, which is used in particular for cooling and / or for removing dirt particles or drops. Alternatively, a reactive gas can also be used, which serves, for example, to increase the temperature.

The optically transmissive element can be, for example, a window in a first wall delimiting the first spatial area, through which the laser radiation is coupled into the first spatial area.

When the laser radiation hits the first surface, as described, drops or particles can be released, which can contaminate optically transparent elements, for example a window, and / or parts of the laser unit. This leads to a reduced laser intensity, which in turn affects the welding quality. The configuration according to the invention advantageously makes it possible to prevent such contamination, so that a consistently good welding result is ensured.

For the passage of the gas flow, the device has in particular a flow guiding element enclosing a flow volume for realizing a gas flow, which is arranged at least in an area between the laser unit or an optically transparent element for irradiation by means of the laser radiation. This can have at least one gas outlet for the outflow of the gas flow into the part of the first spatial region located outside the flow guide element, so that the gas flows through the first Suction opening can be sucked to the vacuum source. In particular, the gas outlet is arranged near the first hold-down device and thus close to the points of occurrence, so that particles or drops can be removed from the first spatial area particularly easily with the gas flow.

A second aspect of the invention is a device for producing a component assembly using the method according to the invention. This comprises a laser unit for the emission of laser radiation, which has at least one movable element. The laser unit is set up to direct laser radiation at the points of occurrence by moving the movable element to melt at least one of at least two components to be joined by welding at different points of occurrence onto a first surface of the component for the purpose of welding the components at the points of occurrence. The device further comprises a first wall for partially delimiting a first spatial area around a respective point of occurrence, the first wall having a first suction opening for generating a negative pressure in the first spatial area. The first wall has a contact surface for contacting the first surface or a first hold-down device which can be connected in an airtight manner to the first surface. In this way, when the contact surface is in contact with the first surface or the first hold-down device, the first spatial area is delimited in some areas by the first surface, and a negative pressure can be generated in the first spatial area. In particular, a sealing element for sealing against the first surface or against the first hold-down device is arranged on the contact surface.

In particular, the first wall is designed in such a way that, in combination with the first surface, it seals the first spatial area around all occurrence points in an essentially airtight manner. The contact surface extends in particular in one plane. It is typically arranged all around a through opening of the first wall and thus, when used as intended, surrounds the points of occurrence on the first surface, that is to say the positions to be welded of at least one of the components to be connected. The sealing element possibly arranged on the first contact surface accordingly also extends in particular all around the passage opening.

If the device is used as intended, the first wall and, if the first hold-down device is a component separate from the first wall, this may delimit the first spatial area.

In particular, the first wall, as the first suction opening, has a first suction nozzle for the fluidic connection of a vacuum source for the purpose of evacuating the first spatial area. The device permits the production of welds or welding areas at different positions without interrupting the negative pressure and thus an efficient, fast, simple, less error-prone welding and with only small tolerances.

An embodiment of the device for producing a component assembly is characterized in that the contact surface of the first wall is set up as a first hold-down device for exerting a hold-down force on the first surface, or that the device has a first hold-down device that is separate from the first wall and can be connected to it in an airtight manner a first hold-down force on the first surface. In the case of a separate first hold-down device, in particular a sealing element for sealing against the first surface is arranged.

In other words, the first wall can function as a first hold-down device or the device can have a separate first hold-down device. In the first case, the contact surface of the first wall is the surface exerting the hold-down force on the first surface. For this purpose, the first wall can be mechanically connected to a force exerting device, by means of which it can be pressed onto the first surface by applying the hold-down force. The device can have such a force application device. Alternatively, an industrial robot or a CNC axis can be used as the force exerting device, for example, which can also be used for positioning and / or fixing the device in relation to the components to be connected. The CNC axis has a displacement and / or force control.

In the second case, the separate first hold-down device can be mechanically connected to a force exerting device analogously to the above. In this embodiment of the device, the hold-down force can be exerted independently of the wall.

The first hold-down device is used in particular to fix the components to be connected to one another or to remove air or gas accumulations between the components to be connected. In particular, it is flat and can be arranged parallel to the first surface. It can also be used for compacting or compressing the components to be connected, which were previously arranged spatially separately, as is the case, for example, in the production of battery cells. It can also be displaced parallel to the contact surface in order to To reduce stress in the compacted components to be connected. It can also be used to fix or hold the components in a mechanical processing process such as cutting. For at least one or any combination of these purposes, the device can also have a pressure element which is separate from the hold-down device and which can also be referred to as a flag tensioner for use in the production of battery cells. This does not necessarily have to be flat, so that a compact, space-saving arrangement is possible.

This configuration advantageously allows welded connections to be made between the contacts of battery cells by means of the first hold-down device.

A further embodiment of the device for producing a component assembly is characterized in that the first hold-down device and / or the first wall has at least one and in particular a plurality of through openings through which the laser radiation can be directed onto the points of occurrence.

In other words, an area of the first wall or the separate hold-down, if present, is designed as a masking plate, by means of which, when used as intended, only the areas of the first surface are left where the laser radiation should appear for the purpose of welding. In terms of their cross-section, the through openings are designed to be complementary to the shape of the weld or welds to be produced and, in the case of linear weld seams, can, for example, be linear or in the form of elongated rectangles.

In the case of a first hold-down device separate from the first wall, this can be designed as a masking plate in the above sense, while the first wall has, for example, a larger through-opening which surrounds the through-openings of the masking plate in a viewing direction perpendicular to the contact surface. In other words, the number and / or size of the through openings in the first wall and the first hold-down device is not necessarily the same.

In one embodiment of the device, it comprises a second wall for partially delimiting a second spatial area around a point of a second surface. The point lies opposite a respective performance point and faces away from it. The second surface lies opposite and faces away from the first surface. The point is on the second surface. The second wall has a second suction opening for generating a negative pressure in the second spatial area. The second wall has a contact surface for contacting the second surface or a second hold-down device which can be connected in an airtight manner to the second surface. In this way, when the contact surface is in contact with the second surface or the second hold-down device, the second spatial area is delimited in some areas by the second surface and a negative pressure can be generated in the second spatial area. In other words, the second wall is configured analogously to the first wall. It is arranged in such a way that its contact surface can be applied in a mirror image orientation to the first wall on the second surface opposite the first surface and facing away from it. To ensure exact positioning, there can be at least one reference element, such as a reference surface, against which an element or a region of the device can be placed.

In one configuration, the device has a second hold-down device for exerting a second hold-down force acting counter to the first hold-down force on a second surface opposite to and facing away from the first surface of at least one of the components to be connected. The second hold-down force can be a reaction force of the first hold-down force, in particular if the second hold-down device is arranged in a fixed manner. In this embodiment in particular, the second hold-down device can also be used to align the components to be joined.

The contact surface of the second wall can be set up as a second hold-down device for exerting the hold-down force on the second surface. Alternatively, the device comprises a second hold-down device, which is separate from the second wall and can be connected to the second device in an airtight manner, for exerting the second hold-down force on the second surface.

A third aspect of the invention is a motor vehicle, in particular a passenger car. This comprises at least one component assembly produced with the method according to the invention and / or with the device according to the invention, the component assembly comprising in particular electrical contacts of a battery cell. These can be connected to one another with the method according to the invention and, if appropriate, to a current collector rail (also called a busbar).

The invention is explained below with reference to the embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings and exemplary method steps.

• 1: eine schematische Schnittzeichnung einer ersten Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung bei der Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens,
• 2: eine schematische Schnittzeichnung einer zweiten Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung bei der Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens,
• 3: eine schematische Draufsicht auf Teile der Vorrichtung aus 2 aus der Perspektive der Lasereinheit,
• 4: eine schematische Darstellung eines Teils einer Ausgestaltung einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung bei der Durchführung einer ersten Variante des Verfahrensschritts Kompaktieren einer Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens,
• 5: eine schematische Darstellung der Vorrichtung aus 4 bei der Durchführung eines ersten Teilschritts einer zweiten Variante des Verfahrensschritts Kompaktieren,
• 6: eine schematische Darstellung der Vorrichtung aus den 4-5 bei der Durchführung eines zweiten Teilschritts der zweiten Variante des Verfahrensschritts Kompaktieren aus 5,
• 7: eine schematische Darstellung der Vorrichtung aus den 4-6 bei der Durchführung des Verfahrensschritts Spannungsabbau,
• 8: eine schematische Darstellung der Vorrichtung aus den 4-7 nach dem Verfahrensschritt aus 7,
• 9: eine schematische Darstellung der Vorrichtung aus den 4-8 bei der Durchführung einer ersten Variante des Verfahrensschritts Schneiden,
• 10: eine schematische Darstellung der Vorrichtung aus den 4-9 bei der Durchführung einer zweiten Variante des Verfahrensschritts Schneiden,
• 11: eine schematische Darstellung der Vorrichtung aus den 4-10 bei der Durchführung einer dritten Variante des Verfahrensschritts Schneiden,
• 12: eine schematische Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung bei der Durchführung des Verfahrensschritts Maskieren,
• 13: eine schematische Darstellung der Vorrichtung aus 12 bei der Durchführung des Verfahrensschritts Unterdruck erzeugen,
• 14: eine schematische Darstellung der Vorrichtung aus den 12-13 bei der Durchführung des Verfahrensschritts Kontakte miteinander verschweißen,
• 15: eine schematische Darstellung eines Teils der Vorrichtung aus den 12-14 bei der Durchführung der Verfahrensschritte Ableiter zuführen und Maskieren,
• 16: eine schematische Darstellung der Vorrichtung aus den 12-14 bei der Durchführung des Verfahrensschritts Vorrichtung zuführen,
• 17: eine schematische Darstellung der Vorrichtung aus den 12-14 bei der Durchführung des Verfahrensschritts Kontakte und Ableiter verschweißen,
• 18: eine schematische Darstellung einer alternativen Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung bei der Durchführung des Verfahrensschritts Kompaktieren,
• 19: eine schematische Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung bei der Durchführung des Verfahrensschritts Schweißen,
• 20: eine schematische Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung bei der Durchführung des Verfahrensschritts Maskieren,
• 21: eine schematische Darstellung einer Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung bei der Durchführung einer alternativen Ausgestaltung der Verfahrensschritte Ableiter zuführen und Maskieren,
• 22: eine schematische Darstellung der Vorrichtung aus 21 bei der Durchführung des Verfahrensschritts Vorrichtung zuführen,
• 23: eine schematische Darstellung der Vorrichtung aus den 21-22 bei der Durchführung des Verfahrensschritts Kontakte miteinander und mit dem Ableiter verschweißen,
• 24: eine schematische Darstellung einer weiteren alternativen Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung bei der Durchführung einer ersten Variante des Verfahrensschritts Kompaktieren,
• 25: eine schematische Darstellung der Vorrichtung aus 24 bei der Durchführung einer zweiten Variante des Verfahrensschritts Kompaktieren,
• 26: eine schematische Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung bei der Durchführung der Verfahrensschritte Ableiter und Vorrichtung zuführen sowie Maskieren,
• 27: eine schematische Darstellung der Vorrichtung aus 26 bei der Durchführung des Verfahrensschritts Kontakte miteinander und mit dem Ableiter verschweißen,
• 28: eine schematische Darstellung einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung bei der Durchführung des Verfahrensschritts Bauteile zuführen,
• 29: eine erste schematische Darstellung der Vorrichtung aus 28 bei der Durchführung des Verfahrensschritts Bauteile miteinander verschweißen, sowie
• 30 eine um 90° gedrehte zweite schematische Darstellung des Verfahrensschritts aus 29.

Show it

• 1 : a schematic sectional drawing of a first embodiment of the device according to the invention when carrying out the method according to the invention,
• 2nd : a schematic sectional drawing of a second embodiment of the device according to the invention when carrying out the method according to the invention,
• 3rd : a schematic plan view of parts of the device 2nd from the perspective of the laser unit,
• 4th a schematic representation of part of an embodiment of a device according to the invention when carrying out a first variant of the method step compacting an embodiment of the method according to the invention,
• 5 : a schematic representation of the device 4th when carrying out a first sub-step of a second variant of the compacting process step,
• 6 : a schematic representation of the device from the 4-5 when carrying out a second substep of the second variant of the compacting method step 5 ,
• 7 : a schematic representation of the device from the 4-6 when carrying out the voltage reduction process step,
• 8th : a schematic representation of the device from the 4-7 after the procedural step 7 ,
• 9 : a schematic representation of the device from the 4-8 when carrying out a first variant of the cutting process step,
• 10 : a schematic representation of the device from the 4-9 when performing a second variant of the cutting process step,
• 11 : a schematic representation of the device from the 4-10 when carrying out a third variant of the cutting process step,
• 12th : a schematic representation of a device according to the invention when performing the masking method step,
• 13 : a schematic representation of the device 12th generate negative pressure when performing the process step,
• 14 : a schematic representation of the device from the 12-13 weld contacts to each other when performing the process step,
• 15 : a schematic representation of a part of the device from the 12-14 supply and mask arresters during the execution of the procedural steps,
• 16 : a schematic representation of the device from the 12-14 feed the device when performing the method step,
• 17th : a schematic representation of the device from the 12-14 weld contacts and arresters when performing the process step,
• 18th : a schematic representation of an alternative embodiment of the device according to the invention when performing the compacting method step,
• 19th : a schematic representation of a device according to the invention when performing the welding method step,
• 20 : a schematic representation of a device according to the invention when performing the masking method step,
• 21st : a schematic representation of an embodiment of the device according to the invention when carrying out an alternative embodiment of the method steps of feeding and masking arresters,
• 22 : a schematic representation of the device 21st feed the device when performing the method step,
• 23 : a schematic representation of the device from the 21-22 when carrying out the process step, weld contacts to one another and to the arrester,
• 24th : a schematic representation of a further alternative embodiment of the device according to the invention when carrying out a first variant of the compacting method step,
• 25th : a schematic representation of the device 24th when carrying out a second variant of the compacting process step,
• 26 FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a device according to the invention when carrying out the method steps of feeding the arrester and device and masking,
• 27 : a schematic representation of the device 26 when carrying out the process step, weld contacts to one another and to the arrester,
• 28 FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a further embodiment of the device according to the invention when the method step is carried out,
• 29 : a first schematic representation of the device 28 weld components together when carrying out the method step, and
• 30th a 90 ° rotated second schematic representation of the process step 29 .

1 shows a device according to the invention 10 when carrying out the method according to the invention. In the embodiment shown here, the device comprises a laser unit 52 arranged in a processing head, for example programmable focusing optics 30th , which comprises a laser deflection unit, which laser radiation 31 on a first surface 21st one of two components to be joined 23 , 25th judges. Between the machining head 52 and the component 23 is a first wall 40 arranged, which is also referred to as a vacuum tube and a first spatial area 13 around the point of appearance 35 the laser radiation 31 on the first surface 21st limited. The first wall 40 has a schematically illustrated first suction opening 12th to which a device for generating a negative pressure can be connected, so that in the entire first spatial area 13 a negative pressure can be generated.

For coupling the laser radiation 31 in the first spatial area 13 or to pass the laser radiation 31 points the first wall 40 or the processing head 52 an optically permeable element 50 , namely a window.

The one from the machining head 52 part of the first wall facing away 40 is a contact surface for contact with the first surface 21st designed. Thus, as shown, is the first spatial area 13 in some areas through the first surface 21st limited. All around the point of appearance 35 is a sealing element on the contact surface 42 arranged, which is the sealing of the first wall 40 opposite the first surface 21st serves.

The contact surface of the first wall 40 is the first hold-down 11 designed which a hold-down force on the first surface 21st exercises so that the component shown above 23 to the component shown below 25th is pressed or is fixed with respect to its position in relation to this.

The first wall 40 is designed as a masking plate and has three through openings 44 through which the laser radiation 31 on the first surface 21st can be directed. It can be seen that between these through openings 44 Bridges of the first wall 40 are arranged so that parts of the contact surface or the first hold-down device are also in this area 11 are arranged and a hold-down force on the respective underlying areas of the component 23 is exercisable.

Within the first spatial area 13 is a radiation area 32 shown within which laser radiation 31 is feasible. This is done by means of a movable element of the laser unit, which can be, for example, at least one movable optical element such as a mirror. It should be noted that laser radiation is not only in the radiation range visible in this representation level 32 is pivotable, but the radiation area 32 also extends perpendicular to this plane of representation as it relates to below 3rd is explained.

Below each of the through openings 44 become welds 60 , namely welds produced, which the components 23 and 25th Welding together. The laser radiation shown 31 in the process step shown here completes the weld shown on the left.

It can be seen that below the component 25th a second wall which is functionally essentially analogous to the first wall 41 is arranged, which has a second spatial area 18th partially limited. This has a second suction opening 17th to arrange a vacuum source, by means of which the second spatial area 18th is evacuable. The point of appearance 35 Opposite and facing away from it is on the second surface 22 within the second spatial area under negative pressure 18th the point 36 on which, as described, at least temporarily due to the laser radiation 31 a through opening through the two components 23 and 25th can form.

The second wall is analogous to the above 41 as a second hold-down 16 designed and exerts a second hold-down force directed against the first hold-down force on the second surface 22 of the second component 25th off or is rigidly attached in a defined position and exerts a counterforce to the first hold-down force. The second wall is also analogous to the above 16 in the area of the contact surface as a masking plate with respective through openings 44 designed which through openings 44 in the first hold-down 11 are arranged opposite one another. The second wall also faces 16 sealing elements in the area of the contact surface 42 for sealing against the component 25th on.

2nd shows an alternative embodiment of the device according to the invention 10 . In addition to in 1 shown the device has a flow guide 46 on, which is also referred to as a flow tube and inside the first wall 40 a flow volume 49 limited. The flow control element 46 has a connection opening designed as a connection piece in the upper region 47 on through which a gas enters the flow volume 49 can be initiated. The flow control element 46 points in the lower area near the through openings 44 the masking plate has two gas outlets 48 through which the gas flows from the flow volume 49 in the outside of the flow volume 49 located part of the first spatial area 13 can be initiated. In this way, inside the flow guide 46 between the connection opening 47 and the gas outlets 48 , i.e. in a section between the optically transparent element 50 to pass the laser radiation 31 and the point of appearance 35 on the first surface 21st , one of the direction of emission of the laser radiation 31 rectified gas flow are generated. This means that drops or particles that occur when the laser radiation strikes 31 at the point of appearance 35 are released, are prevented against the direction of flow of the gas stream to the optically transparent element 50 to get what is a contamination of the optically permeable element 50 prevented and in this way guaranteed a consistently high welding quality.
3rd shows the device 10 out 2nd from the perspective of the circularly indicated laser unit 30th . The one on the first wall 40 connected first suction opening 12th for evacuating the first spatial area can be seen as well as the connection opening 47 to introduce the gas into the flow volume. It can be seen that the three welds 60 and the respective through openings 44 in the area of the first wall that has the contact surface 40 are linear and are located inside the first wall, which has a rectangular cross section 40 extend. By moving the movable element, laser radiation is at all points of the weld seams 60 feasible.

It is also shown that the components 23 and 25th Form an overlap joint in the area of the welded joint. The contact surface is on the first surface 21st of the component 23 on. It only appears from the perspective that the outer areas of the welds shown on the right and left through the first wall 40 are covered, which is not the case according to the invention.

In one embodiment of the method according to the invention, this comprises the compacting method step, as in 4th shown. This involves electrical contacts 26 , in the illustrated case, electrode flags of a battery cell, pressed together to produce a component stack and between the electrical contacts 26 remove any gas or air accumulation. It is shown schematically that seven mutually parallel and respective distances between components 23 , 24th , 25th by means of two hold-down devices 11 , 16 which are parallel to the respective components 23 , 24th , 25th are aligned, are pressed together. On the left is the stack 62 shown in which between the respective components 23 , 24th , 25th further elements of the battery cell are arranged. The hold-down devices 11 , 16 realize translatory movements that run towards each other 70 .

The contact surface of the first hold-down device 11 comes into extensive contact with the first surface 21st of the component 23 and the contact surface of the second hold-down device 16 comes into extensive contact with the second surface 22 of the component 25th . It can be seen that the two hold-down devices 11 , 16 analog to the 1 and 2nd respective through openings 44 as well as sealing elements 42 exhibit. In addition, each of the hold-downs includes 11 , 16 a pressure element 54 , which is also used to apply force to the components 23 , 24th , 25th is set up.

5 shows a first sub-step of an alternative embodiment of the method step compacting. This is done instead of the exclusively translational movement 70 according to the 4th a combination of a translational movement 70 and a rotational movement 72 . First, the hold-down devices arranged at an angle to each other 11 , 16 from different directions along the arrows 70 on respective surfaces 21st , 22 the components moved to a primary compaction in the area of the stack 62 to reach. This is followed by the rotational movement, which is also directed towards one another 72 around the area of the hold-down device shown on the left 11 , 16 in the respective position of the pressure element 54 . Im the respective surface 21st , 22 contacting area of the respective hold-down device 11 , 16 a forming area is thus formed 66 out. In 6 , which shows a subsequent sub-step, it can be seen that the molding area 66 with a continued rotary movement 72 the respective hold-down device 11 , 16 migrates to the right until a compact parallel arrangement of the components 23 , 24th , 25th without any gas accumulation in between.

7 shows a following process step in which stresses introduced by the compacting are reduced. this happens by means of parallel translatory movements 70 of the two hold-downs 11 , 16 along the surfaces 21st , 22 towards the stack 62 . It shows that the ends of the contacts shown on the right 26 have different lengths due to the reshaping. The situation after the end of the voltage reduction shows 8th .

The 9 to 11 show different variants of the cutting process step, in which the above-mentioned, different length contacts 26 by means of the cutting tool 64 , shown schematically by means of two blades, along the cutting plane 65 be brought to length. Of course, instead of the cutting tool shown 64 an alternative tool such as a laser cutting device can also be used. Depending on the in the 4th to 8th Shapes shown can each have different arrangements of the component stack produced in relation to the stack 62 and thus different arrangements of the ends of the components having different lengths 23 , 24th , 25th set as in the 9 to 11 shown. Regardless of this, as shown, these are cut to a uniform length.

12th shows the subsequent process step masking, in which similar to that in the 1 and 2nd shown devices 10 designed parts of a device 10 to the respective hold-down device 11 , 16 be positioned. In contrast to device 10 from the 1 and 2nd is the contact surface of the first wall 40 the in 12th shown device for contacting an airtight with the first surface 21st connectable or connected first hold-down device 11 set up. It can be seen that the first hold-down device 11 supported by that on the first surface 21st adjacent sealing elements 42 already airtight with this first surface 21st connected is. The same applies to the second hold-down device 16 and the second surface 22 .

The contact surface of the first wall 40 is now by means of the sealing elements arranged thereon 42 airtight with that of the first surface 21st facing away surface of the first hold-down 11 connected; the same applies to the contact surface of the second wall 41 of the part of the device shown below. This is done using translatory movements 70 the upper and the lower part of the device in relation to between the hold-down devices 11 , 16 fixed component stack.

The respective through openings 44 of the first hold-down 11 from the through opening 45 the first wall 40 superimposed so that in the optically permeable area 50 the first wall 40 coupled laser radiation (not shown here) through the through openings 45 and 44 on the first surface 21st can reach.

13 shows the state after movement 70 in which the device 10 is set up for welding according to the invention. This is in 14 shown. From the laser unit 30th output laser radiation 31 through the through openings described above onto the first surface 21st of the component 23 directed so that the welds 60 getting produced.

It shows that the position of the hold-down device 11 , 16 in relation to the components 23 , 24th , 25th between 8th and 14 is unchanged, so there are no deviations in the relative positions of the components 23 , 24th , 25th or the hold-down device 11 , 16 occur.

After the components have been welded together 23 , 24th , 25th by means of the weld seams 60 under production of the component assembly 28 in a further process step, this is the first surface 21st having component 23 with another component 25th , namely the arrester or current collector. To do this, the second wall is removed 41 and the second hold-down 16 , the arrangement of the component 25th below the component group 28 , as in 15 shown, the re-arrangement of the second hold-down 16 below the component 25th as well as the translational movement 70 of the component 25th and the second hold-down 16 to exert respective hold-down forces on the components 23 , 25th by means of the hold-down device 11 , 16 .

Then, as in 16 shown, the arrangement of the upper and the lower part of the device analogous to that in 12th shown and as in 17th shown, the production of respective welds 60 for welding connection of the components 23 and 25th for the production of a component composite comprising both components 28 . It can be seen that two separate welds are carried out, as in FIGS 14 and 17th shown. This enables the optimal welding parameters to be set because the thicknesses of the components to be joined in 14 amount to about 10 µm, while the component assembly produced in this way and to be welded to the arrester is connected 28 , you 15 , has a thickness between 0.2 mm and 0.5 mm.

18th shows an alternative embodiment of the process step compacting. Contrary to the representation in 4th in which pressure elements 54 having hold-down devices from both sides the components to be compacted 23 , 24th , 25th moved and pressed against this, this is done here by means of separate pressure elements 54 . These are done by means of translational movement 70 on the first surface 21st of the component 23 as well as the second surface 22 of the component 25th pressed and compact the components 23 , 24th , 25th . The separate pressure elements 54 can, for example, be arranged on a goods carrier for transporting the components to be connected by welding, so that the components, for example the contacts, are braced once 26 , can be maintained over several process steps and in this way a relative displacement of the components to one another is prevented.

For the subsequent process step cutting, which is analogous to the 9 to 11 is carried out in this embodiment, separate printing plates 68 to the first surface 21st as well as the second surface 22 created to fix the generated component stack during processing with the cutting tool 64 to reach.

In 20 is the arrangement of the first hold-down device 11 and the second hold-down 16 by means of respective translatory movements 70 shown to prepare the welding process, which is analogous to that 12th to 14 can be realized. Subsequently, analog to the 15 to 17th the component assembly produced is welded to another component.

Alternatively, the welding connection of the contacts 26 with each other and the welding connection of the contacts 26 with an additional component 24th , namely an arrester, can be realized in a time-economical, single welding process, as described in the 21st to 23 is shown.

It can be seen that in contrast to that in the 15 to 17th shown embodiment of the device during these process steps, the separate pressure elements 54 on the surfaces 21st and 22 of the component stack 29 can remain and in this way the individual components in the component stack 29 , namely the contacts 26 , are permanently fixed in relation to each other. This enables the hold-down device to be released 11 , 16 from the respective surfaces 21st , 22 to arrange the component 24th on the component stack 29 which are the contacts not yet connected by welding 26 includes as it is in 21st is shown.

The 22 and 23 show analogous to the 16 and 17th the production of the welding connection between the stack of components from the contacts and the arrester, with the differences that the welding shown here is, on the one hand, the first welding carried out, in which the connection of the contacts to one another and the connection of the contacts to the arrester take place in one step, and that, as described above, in addition to the hold-downs 11 , 16 the pressure elements 54 fix the contacts to be connected in the component stack.

24th shows a further alternative of the method step compacting, in which analog to 4th a first hold-down device above the component stack 11 is arranged while analogous to the 18th and 19th a separate pressure element below the component stack 54 and a pressure plate are arranged. In contrast to that in 19th illustrated embodiment, the pressure plate is, however, as a second hold-down device 16 designed and have both hold-downs 11 , 16 respective cutting openings 63 on.

An alternative embodiment of this method step using the same device elements is shown in FIG 25th specified, in contrast to the only translational movement 70 out 24th the upper first hold-down 11 analogous to 5 a combined translational movement 70 and rotary motion 72 executes. Here, too, both hold downs 11 , 16 respective cutting openings 63 on.

The process step cutting, which also follows a according to the 24th or 25th performed compacting is not shown separately. The cutting openings serve in this 63 as through openings for carrying out a cutting tool, so that the right and left of the respective cutting openings 63 arranged areas of the respective hold-down devices 11 , 16 serve as respective fixation devices or counter bearings and in this way enable a particularly exact and reproducible cutting process.

26 shows another alternative of the second hold-down 16 which is a stop element 56 with which the position of the component 25th , of the arrester. In 27 is analogous to 23 the production of the welds 60 for welding connection of the components 23 , 25th shown.

A particularly simple embodiment of the device according to the invention when carrying out a method step according to the invention is shown in FIGS 28 to 30th shown. The respective intake openings 12th , 17th are not shown here for reasons of clarity. Because here no electrical contacts of battery cells are connected to each other welding connections of larger components 23 , 25th , such as arresters and / or busbars, is the continuous uninterrupted surface compression of the component 23 not necessary here, especially when welding battery arresters to a current collector rail or to each other.

The components 23 and 25th are positioned in relation to each other and there is a translational movement 70 the first wall 40 and the second wall 41 to prepare the in 29 shown welding process. Here, too, is at the point of appearance 35 as well as at the opposite point 36 the second surface 22 a negative pressure is applied. Respective areas of the first or second wall 40 , 41 are designed as hold-down devices and press the components 23 , 25th while welding to each other. Respective contact surfaces lie on the first surface 21st and the second surface 22 on, with respective sealing elements 42 the airtight seal of the first spatial area 13 and the second spatial area 18th guarantee. 30th shows a view rotated by 90 ° of the 29 .

Reference list

10th

contraption

11

First hold-down

12th

First suction opening

13

First spatial area

16

Second hold-down

17th

Second suction opening

18th

Second spatial area

21

First surface

22

Second surface

23

Component

24th

Component

25th

Component

26

Contact

28

Component group

29

Component stack

30th

Laser unit

31

Laser radiation

32

Radiation area

35

Appearance point

36

Point

40

First wall

41

Second wall

42

Sealing element

44

Through opening

45

Through opening

46

Flow control element

47

Connection opening

48

Gas outlet

49

Flow volume

50

Optically permeable element

52

Machining head

54

Pressure element

56

Stop element

60

Weld

62

stack

63

Cutting opening

64

Cutting tool

65

Cutting plane

66

Forming area

68

printing plate

70

Translational movement

72

Rotatory movement

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is only included for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent literature cited

• DE 102015109013 A1 [0006]
• DE 102015206237 A1 [0007]
• DE 102014210838 A1 [0008]
• US 4078167 [0009]
• EP 0102251 A2 [0010]
• EP 0102836 [0010]
• EP 0102835 [0010]
• US 4162390 [0011]
• US 8053701 B2 [0012]
• US 4518843 [0013]
• US 5736710 [0014]

Claims (10)

Method for producing a component assembly (28) by means of laser welding, in which a laser unit (30) emits laser radiation (31) and at least one element of the laser unit (30) is moved, so that laser radiation (31) is applied to a first surface at different points of occurrence (35) (21) at least one of at least two components (23, 24, 25) to be connected by welding strikes and the component (23) at the points of occurrence (35) for the purpose of connecting the components (23, 24, 25) melts at least in regions, in one a negative pressure is generated around a respective point of occurrence (35) in the first spatial region (13), the first spatial region (13) being delimited in regions by the first surface (21). Method for producing a component assembly (28) by means of laser welding Claim 1 , characterized in that a first wall (40) for area-by-area delimitation of the first spatial area (13) has a through opening (45) through which the laser radiation (31) is directed onto the points of occurrence (35), and / or that an airtight one First hold-down device (11) connected to the first surface (21) for exerting a hold-down force on the first surface (21) has a through opening (44), wherein - one surface of the through opening (44, 45) maximally through the outer contour of the first surface ( 21) is limited, in particular at most 1.3 times and in particular at most 1.15 times as large as a surface delimiting the contour of the weld (60) to be produced, and / or - the through opening (44, 45) is complementary in cross section to Shape of the weld (60) to be produced is designed. Method for producing a component assembly (28) by means of laser welding according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - in a second spatial area (18) around a point (36) opposite a respective point of occurrence (35) and facing away from it, one of the first surface (21) opposite and facing away from this second surface (22) of at least one of the components (23, 24, 25) to be connected, a negative pressure is generated, the second spatial region (18) being delimited in regions by the second surface (22), and / or - a second hold-down device (16) has a second hold-down force acting counter to a first hold-down force of a first hold-down device (11) on the first surface (21) on a second surface (22) opposite and facing away from the first surface (21) exercises one of the components to be connected. Method for producing a component assembly (28) by means of laser welding according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the laser radiation (31) has a wavelength between 450 nm and 600 nm, in particular between 400 and 500 nm or between 500 nm and 550 nm. Method for producing a component assembly (28) by means of laser welding according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that combined laser radiation (31) with a first wavelength between 450 nm and 600 nm, in particular between 500 nm and 550 nm, and a second wavelength between 950 nm and 1150 nm, in particular between 950 nm and 1100 nm, is used sequentially or simultaneously. Method for producing a component assembly (28) by means of laser welding according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least in a section between the laser unit (30) or an optically transparent element (50) for passing the laser radiation (31) on the one hand and at least one point of occurrence (35) on the first surface (21), on the other hand, a gas stream flowing essentially in the same direction as the emission direction of the laser radiation (31) is realized, so that when the laser radiation (31) strikes, released drops or particles are prevented from moving against the direction of flow of the gas stream Laser unit (30) or to reach the optically transparent element (50). Device (10) for producing a component assembly (28) with the method according to one of the Claims 1 - 6 , comprising - a laser unit (30) for emitting laser radiation (31), the laser unit (30) having at least one movable element and being set up to move at least one of at least two components to be joined by welding to move the movable element 23, 24, 25) at different points of occurrence (35) onto a first surface (21) of the component (23) for the purpose of welding connection of the components (23, 24, 25) at the points of occurrence (35) laser radiation (31) onto the points of occurrence ( 35) is to be straightened, and - a first wall (40) for partially delimiting a first spatial area (13) around a respective point of occurrence (35), the first wall (40) having a first suction opening (12) for generating a negative pressure in the First spatial area (13), the first wall (40) having a contact surface for contacting the first surface (21) or an airtight with the first surface (21) Connectable first hold-down device (11), so that in the adjacent state of the contact surface on the first Surface (21) or on the first hold-down device (11) the first spatial area (13) is limited in some areas by the first surface (21) and a negative pressure can be generated in the first spatial area (13), a sealing element in particular on the contact surface (42) for sealing against the first surface (21) or against the first hold-down device (11) is arranged. Device (10) for producing a component assembly (28) according to Claim 7 , characterized in that the contact surface of the first wall (40) is designed as a first hold-down device (11) for exerting a hold-down force on the first surface (21) or that the device (10) has a separate and with the first wall (40) this comprises an airtight connectable first hold-down device (11) for exerting a first hold-down force on the first surface (21), in the case of a separate first hold-down device (11) in particular a sealing element (42) for sealing against the first surface (21) is. Device (10) for producing a component assembly (28) according to Claim 8 , characterized in that the first hold-down device (11) and / or the first wall (40) has at least one and in particular a plurality of through openings (44, 45) through which the laser radiation (31) can be directed onto the points of occurrence (35). Motor vehicle, in particular a passenger car, comprising at least one using the method according to one of the Claims 1 - 6 and / or with the device according to one of the Claims 7 - 9 Component assembly (28) produced, the component assembly (28) in particular comprising electrical contacts of a battery cell.

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