DE102019006502A1 - Method for aligning machine axes of a CNC machine tool - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for aligning machine axes of a CNC machine tool, which method has the following steps: aligning the machine axes as a function of axis geometry target data; Acquisition of actual axis geometry data which characterize the actual alignment of the machine axes by means of a detection device; Production of a test workpiece according to predefined technical target data by means of the machine tool, the technical target data characterizing the shape to be achieved of the test workpiece to be produced; Acquisition of actual technical data of the test workpiece after the test workpiece has been manufactured by means of a recording device, the technical actual data characterizing the shape of the manufactured test workpiece; Comparing the actual technical data of the test workpiece with the technical target data of the test workpiece by means of a computing device; and correcting the nominal axis geometry data as a function of the comparison and the actual axis geometry data.

Description

Field of the invention

The invention relates to CNC machine tools. Specifically, the invention relates to a method for aligning machine axes of a CNC machine tool.

State of the art

Machine tools are machines for the production of workpieces with tools, the movement of which in relation to one another is specified by the machine. The most important representatives include lathes and milling machines, eroding machines as well as mechanical presses and machine hammers for forging. Modern machine tools usually have a modular structure. The most important assemblies include the frame, the drive, the guides and the control. Other assemblies include foundations, tool storage and changers, tool holders, workpiece changers, measuring systems and supply and disposal facilities.

Thanks to the use of modern control technology, CNC machine tools (“Computerized Numerical Control” machines) are able to automatically manufacture workpieces of increasingly complex shapes with high precision. When using a CAM (computer-aided manufacturing system), the data from the CAD program, with which the components are usually designed, can be used, taking into account a number of other factors such as the geometry of the tools, speeds, feed rates, etc. a postprocessor can be converted into a CNC program.

The components and assemblies of CNC machine tools also include the machine axes, which can be designed as linear axes, rotary axes or swivel axes. The exact alignment of the machine axes during the assembly of the machine tool is a prerequisite for the subsequent precise operation of the machine tool after delivery. The assembly of a CNC machine tool, the precise alignment of the machine axes, the production and testing of a test component and, if necessary, the adjustment of the axes is a process that often extends over several days, in which the axes are assembled and installed according to assembly specifications by technical specialists based on experience can be set. The alignment or the relative position of the axes to one another is determined with the aid of precision measuring instruments. If the measured alignment of the axes corresponds to the specifications with the required accuracy, the kinematics data of the machine tool are then determined and a test workpiece is produced. If this test workpiece in turn corresponds to the predefined technical target data within the specified accuracy, the machine tool is delivered or handed over to a customer.

Nevertheless, it has been found that machine tools produce components with different levels of precision and that machines that have the precision required by the manufacturer and have passed the corresponding manufacturer tests are still being manufactured during production, especially of demanding components with small permitted tolerances, Can show deficits. The permissible defined tolerances of a manufactured component are divided into IT tolerance classes (IT means ISO tolerance) and the tolerances are often in the small micrometer range - for example IT8 or smaller.

Basically, the more demanding the workpiece to be manufactured, the higher the requirements for the necessary precision during production. In the prior art, several methods are known for increasing precision, which are based on a more precise control of the machine tool. One aspect here is the kinematics data used for machine control. With the aid of the kinematics data, a numerical control can convert a target position of a tool, which is specified in tool coordinates, into target positions of the machine axes. The determined kinematics data are transferred to the numerical control and thus enable the automatic production of the workpiece.

The DE 2006 048 684 A1 discloses a method for positioning axes in machine tools that is based on the kinematics data. The method described is characterized by the fact that for a machine axis ( X , Y , Z , A. , B. , C. ) with an error in a different direction than the respective axis direction, error transformation amounts (F_A_X (A), F_A_B (A)) are entered in the kinematics table that are dependent on the axis position.

Nevertheless, there is still a need for an increase in precision in the manufacture of workpieces. Increased manufacturing precision, in turn, enables the proportion of rejects to be reduced, resources are saved and, ultimately, a shorter processing time for a batch of workpieces as a whole.

Description of the invention

It is therefore the object of the invention to provide a method for improving the manufacturing precision for a CNC machine tool.

The object is achieved by the subject matter of the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments of the invention emerge from the dependent claims.

In contrast to the prior art cited, the invention does not primarily start with the control or operation of the machine tool, but rather focuses on the manufacture and assembly of the CNC machine tool. Here, thanks to the method according to the invention, it is possible to achieve greater accuracy, in principle without the use of other assembly or measurement methods. The method according to the invention is therefore not only more precise than known methods, but also easy to implement.

• - Ausrichten der Maschinenachsen in Abhängigkeit von Achsengeometrie-Solldaten;
• - Erfassen von Achsengeometrie-Istdaten, welche die tatsächliche Ausrichtung der Maschinenachsen charakterisieren, mittels einer Erfassungsvorrichtung;
• - Fertigen eines Prüfwerkstückes gemäß vordefinierten technischen Solldaten mittels der Werkzeugmaschine, wobei die technischen Solldaten die zu erzielende Form des zu fertigenden Prüfwerkstückes charakterisieren;
• - Erfassen von technischen Istdaten des Prüfwerkstückes nach erfolgter Fertigung des Prüfwerkstückes mittels einer Erfassungsvorrichtung, wobei die technischen Istdaten die erzielte Form des gefertigten Prüfwerkstückes charakterisieren;
• - Vergleichen der technischen Istdaten des Prüfwerkstückes mit den technischen Solldaten des Prüfwerkstückes mittels einer Recheneinrichtung; und
• - Korrigieren der Achsengeometrie-Solldaten in Abhängigkeit von dem Vergleich und den Achsengeometrie-Istdaten mittels der Recheneinrichtung.

According to a first aspect of the invention, this relates to a method for aligning machine axes of a CNC machine tool, comprising the following steps:

• - Alignment of the machine axes as a function of axis geometry target data;
• Acquisition of actual axis geometry data, which characterize the actual alignment of the machine axes, by means of a detection device;
• - Production of a test workpiece according to predefined technical target data by means of the machine tool, the technical target data characterizing the shape to be achieved of the test workpiece to be produced;
• Acquisition of actual technical data of the test workpiece after the test workpiece has been manufactured by means of a recording device, the technical actual data characterizing the shape of the manufactured test workpiece;
• - Comparing the actual technical data of the test workpiece with the technical target data of the test workpiece by means of a computing device; and
• Correcting the nominal axis geometry data as a function of the comparison and the actual axis geometry data by means of the computing device.

The invention encompasses CNC machine tools of any type that have at least two machine axes, since according to the invention the aim is to align the machine axes with one another. In the following, the term machine tool is used synonymously instead of the term CNC machine tool. The machine tool can be a forming or separating, in particular dividing, cutting or removing machine tool, as well as a joining machine tool. In particular, it can be a lathe or milling machine or a combination of a lathe and milling machine. Other combinations are also possible.

The machine axes can be linear axes, rotary axes and / or swivel axes that are aligned with one another. The alignment of the machine axes is usually carried out by appropriately trained specialists. The alignment of the machine axes takes place depending on the axis geometry target data. These nominal axis geometry data describe the required optimal axis geometry with correspondingly permissible deviations. Normally, machine axes are aligned either parallel to one another or perpendicular to one another. However, this alignment is practically never exact, but contains small permissible errors within a predefined error interval. Typically, permitted deviations from the optimal value are in the range of a few hundredths to a few tenths for a 100mm measuring length. The nominal axis geometry data thus each include, for example, an optimal value and the error interval or the tolerated deviations from the optimal value. It is possible to specify the nominal axis geometry data for each machine axis in the form of absolute data, in spatial coordinates; however, specifying relative relationships between the individual machine axes, for example by means of a dial gauge, has proven to be more practicable. Deviations from the optimal axis position and thus the axis orientations are preferably indicated by angle specifications in two planes that are orthogonal to one another in space. In addition to the pure direction information (angles), it is also possible to include an absolute position in space in relation to a predefined spatial coordinate system in the nominal axis geometry data.

After the machine axes have been aligned as a function of nominal axis geometry data, actual axis geometry data, which characterize the actual alignment of the machine axes, are recorded by means of a recording device. In this process step, the actual axis geometry data or such variables are measured that allow conclusions to be drawn. While the nominal axis geometry data is the specified data, which can also be referred to as the best-fit nominal data, the actual axis geometry data is therefore the actually measured data that characterize the actual alignment of the machine axes to one another. It is possible that the data directly designate the axis geometry, but it is also possible that the actual axis geometry can be inferred from the measured data. The specific procedure here depends on the type of detection device or measuring device used. The actual axis geometry data describe the actual positions of the machine axes that lie within the target specifications or within the specified error interval of the predefined axis geometry target data. The data type of the nominal axis geometry data and the actual axis geometry data is preferably identical.

In a further process step, a test workpiece is manufactured according to predefined technical target data by means of the machine tool, the technical target data characterizing the shape to be achieved of the workpiece to be manufactured. For example, with five-axis milling, the test workpiece recommended by the NC Gesellschaft (NCG) can be used, which tests integral components in a short time.

The technical target data of a workpiece are preferably available in the form of CAD data, which are read in in DXF or in HPGL format by a CAM system and processed in a machine-readable manner. Nowadays, CAM programs automatically generate a machine-readable G-code. A manual creation of a G-code is seldom done.

In a further process step, technical actual data of the test workpiece is recorded - after the test workpiece has been manufactured - by means of a recording device, the technical actual data characterizing the shape of the manufactured test workpiece. It is possible that the entire shape of the test workpiece is recorded. However, it is also possible that special, in particular characteristic points and / or areas of the test workpiece are measured. These characteristic points and / or areas of the test workpiece are particularly meaningful with regard to the manufacturing precision achieved.

Test workpieces are widespread in the context of machine acceptance tests, but are still not standardized. Machine manufacturers and users usually use individual test workpieces that have been developed on the basis of the respective technical requirements and experience. However, there are already proposals for the purpose of standardization and transfer. For example, the NC-Gesellschaft e.V. has published a proposal for a test workpiece especially for five-axis machine tools. The Aerospace Industries Association (AIA) also defines test workpieces that are intended to meet the standards of the aerospace industry in particular. The test workpiece preferably has numerous geometric elements, on the basis of which individual aspects of the geometric and dynamic machine behavior as well as faulty process parameters can be analyzed.

In a further process step, the actual technical data of the test workpiece is compared with the technical target data of the test workpiece by means of a computing device. In this method step, deviations of the test workpiece actually produced from the ideal shape or the specified shape of the test workpiece are determined. The comparison can be made for all available coordinate points in a three-dimensional space. However, it is also possible to use only part of the available technical actual data and the technical target data for the comparison. It is preferred that characteristic points and / or areas of the test workpiece or the technical actual data assigned to them and the technical target data are used for the comparison. For the comparison, corresponding program codes or arithmetic rules can be stored in the computing device. The comparison can be carried out purely numerically, but it is also possible for the comparison to be visualized by means of the computing device after the comparison has been carried out and, in particular, to be displayed on an output unit. The comparison thus provides information about the manufacturing precision achieved when manufacturing the test workpiece.

In a further method step, the nominal axis geometry data is corrected as a function of the comparison and as a function of the actual axis geometry data by means of the computing device. A corresponding program code can in turn be stored in the computing device for this correction. According to the invention, the target axis geometry data, on the basis of which the machine axes were initially aligned, are adapted as a function of the comparison - and thus a deviation between the actual technical data of the test workpiece and the target technical data of the test workpiece - as well as the actual axis geometry data. By means of the method, the nominal axis geometry data can advantageously be corrected in the event of a discrepancy between the actual technical data of the technical test workpiece and the technical nominal data of the test workpiece and thus faulty production of the test workpiece after the production of the test workpiece. In particular, it can be determined to what extent the optimal shape of the Test workpiece is actually missed after production with the given alignment of the machine axes. It is of course also possible that the deviation of the technical actual data from the technical target data of the test workpiece is so small that the deviation is rather small or even below a measurement accuracy limit for characterizing the actually achieved shape of the test workpiece. Correcting the nominal axis geometry data according to the invention as a function of the comparison and the actual axis geometry data by means of the computing device thus explicitly also includes a zero case, in which a zero correction of the nominal axis geometry data takes place. The correction of the nominal axis geometry data can be visualized by means of the computing device and, in particular, displayed on an output unit. The corrected nominal axis geometry data can be used in a method for aligning machine axes of another CNC machine tool. These corrected nominal axis geometry data are improved. You can e.g. B. have smaller or larger error intervals and / or other absolute values for some parameters. In this way, a step-by-step optimization of the nominal axis geometry data can be achieved when the method is implemented several times. This advantageously leads overall to better production results on the machine tool.

In this context, it has proven to be advantageous if the technical actual data of the test workpiece with the assigned technical target data of the test workpiece are stored by means of the computing device. In other words, the technical actual data of the test workpiece after the production of the test workpiece is assigned to the technical target data of the same test workpiece and is stored by means of the computing device. In this way, a change and / or deviation of the manufactured test workpiece from the previously defined ideal test workpiece can be tracked in a particularly advantageous manner.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the axis geometry target data are assigned to the actual technical data of the test workpiece before the correction of the axis geometry target data, the technical actual data of the test workpiece with the assigned axis geometry target data being stored by the computing device. This means that the nominal axis geometry data are assigned to the actual technical data of the test workpiece and the nominal axis geometry data are assigned to the actual technical data of the test workpiece and stored in the computing device.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the arithmetic unit compares the nominal axis geometry data with the actual axis geometry data before they are corrected, and the actual axis geometry data are corrected as a function of the comparison. The comparison is used to determine whether the test workpiece can be manufactured with the required precision in a subsequent process step with the current axis geometry. If this is not the case, or at least probably not the case, the machine axes can be set more precisely again before the test workpiece is manufactured, as a result of which corrected actual axis geometry data are obtained.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the actual axis geometry data are dependent on a comparison between the actual axis geometry data and the actual technical data of the test workpiece and / or the actual axis geometry data are dependent on a comparison between the nominal axis geometry data and the actual technical data of the test workpiece corrected. Based on the comparison (s), the actual axis geometry data can be corrected again after the test workpiece has been manufactured. Here, too, the machine axes are set again more precisely if necessary.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the nominal axis geometry data and the actual axis geometry data each characterize a relative alignment of the machine types to one another, in particular their parallelism and / or orthogonality. The main machine axes of a CNC machine tool are normally aligned orthogonally to one another, the other axes are then either parallel or orthogonal to one of these main axes. In principle, however, other orientations of the machine axes to one another, e.g. at an angle of 45 °, are also possible. The nominal axis geometry data as well as the actual axis geometry data can, for example, have angle specifications of two axes relative to one another; they preferably have angle specifications with regard to a plane that is spanned by two machine axes, in particular orthogonally oriented to one another. Alternatively, it is possible to specify the nominal axis geometry data and the actual axis geometry data in the form of absolute spatial coordinates based on a previously defined coordinate origin. Cartesian coordinates, cylindrical coordinates and, alternatively, spherical coordinates are suitable for this.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the nominal axis geometry data and the actual axis geometry data each describe at least one of the following properties an axis rotation: pitch, roll and / or yaw. This means that not only can the position of the axis be described at rest, but dynamic properties of the axis can also be taken into account. In the case of an axis rotation, it is possible, for example, that the alignment of the axis, averaged over the duration of the rotational movement, corresponds exactly to the specifications, but movements that deviate from the specifications of the axis geometry are described during the axis rotation. This in turn is reflected in the precision that can be achieved with the aid of the machine tool in workpiece production. The properties with regard to pitch, roll and / yaw can be described using the Euler angles, for example.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the acquisition device for acquiring the actual axis geometry data has a path and / or angle measurement, in particular a dial gauge, an inclinometer, a laser interferometer and / or an autocollimator. The latter-mentioned measuring devices or measuring methods are very precise devices and methods which enable the actual axis geometry data to be recorded particularly precisely. In a high-precision digital inclinometer, for example, a pendulum is suspended from three Archimedes' spirals and positioned between two electrodes. Depending on the position of the measuring device, the pendulum is deflected from its basic position and thereby changes the capacitance between the pendulum on the one hand and the two electrodes on the other. These capacities or their changes are converted into frequencies by an RC oscillator. The frequencies or the difference or the ratio of the two frequencies form the primary signal for the angle of inclination. With the help of inclination measuring devices, both the stationary position of the machine axes and pitching and / or rolling movements of the corresponding rotating machine axes can be recorded. Yaw movements can be recorded with laser interferometers or autocollimators.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the test workpiece has one or more characteristic points and / or areas. These characteristic points and / or areas are also reflected in the technical target data and the technical actual data of the test workpiece. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the technical target data and the technical actual data of the test workpiece have at least one of the following shape and / or position data as characteristic points and / or areas: bores, protrusions, bevels, maxima, minima, curves, lines, straight lines , Surfaces, planes. The named characteristic points and / or areas are particularly suitable for characterizing the test workpiece and thus for the manufacturing quality with which the test workpiece was manufactured. Deviations in the characteristic points and / or areas provide particularly good information about manufacturing errors. Through the skillful selection of a test workpiece or characteristic shape, manufacturing characteristics of the machine tool can be derived in a particularly simple manner.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, at least one of the following parameters can be assigned to the characteristic points and / or areas: side length, edge length, diameter of a bore (possibly in a predefined direction within a predefined plane), position and / or depth of a bore (especially in a predefined direction), as well as symmetry of two bores related to a previously defined reference point and / or a reference direction, roundness of a circle, a disk, a cylinder or a cone, straightness of a line or axis, parallelism of a line (axis) in In relation to a basic straight line, or parallelism of a surface in relation to a base plane, orientation of two surfaces to one another, the surfaces can therefore enclose a certain angle to one another, they can also be oriented at right angles or parallel to one another and / or they can be symmetrical to one another with regard to a surface O be the straight line. Running data such as concentricity and / or axial runout can also be used.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the acquisition device for acquiring actual technical data of the test workpiece has an optical sensor, a tactile sensor and / or an industrial CT device. Optical sensors work without contact and, due to their high resolution, are ideally suited for the precise measurement of distance, path and position. In particular, laser sensors are used here. The electronics of a laser sensor can, for example, determine the exact distance to the measurement object by means of triangulation or phase shift. The functional principle of all tactile sensors is based on mechanical contact with the measuring object. The signals for further processing are derived from this. There are switching tactile sensors that work on the tripod principle and generate a trigger signal. There are also measuring tactile sensors that have displacement measurement systems. For example, a probe ball of a measuring probe system can be deflected in any direction through contact with the measuring object, whereby the size of this deflection can be determined by reading the position measuring system. There are also tactile-optical sensors in which the actual measurement of a position is carried out by an image processing sensor integrated into the system.

Industrial CT devices are three-dimensional X-ray devices that are becoming increasingly popular, especially in the field of industrial production. They allow conclusions not only to be drawn about the external shape of a workpiece, but also about its internal structure.

In principle, other acquisition devices than those mentioned above can also be used to acquire the actual technical data of the test workpiece. Because of the different requirements for measuring the actual axis geometry data, on the one hand, and for measuring the actual technical data of the test workpiece, on the other hand, the detection devices used for the respective detection are preferably different. In principle, however, it is also conceivable to work with the same, in particular a combined, detection device.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the nominal axis geometry data, the actual axis geometry data, the nominal technical data and the actual technical data are specified in the same unit, in particular in a unit of length. It should be noted that angles or inclinations of axes with respect to other axes or surfaces can also be characterized by specifying a length dimension. The use of the same unit for the aforementioned data facilitates the processing of these data within the computing device. Alternatively, of course, it is also possible to input / read the data into the computing device in different units and to convert them accordingly into other units within the computing device.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, an error code can be assigned to a characteristic deviation of the actual technical data from the nominal technical data, or such an error code is assigned. A characteristic deviation is understood here to be such a deviation that allows conclusions and / or cause-effect relationships to be drawn. It is possible, for example, for a characteristic deviation to have a shift or a specific drift in the direction of a spatial coordinate (or machine axis direction). It is also conceivable that when comparing the actual technical data with the nominal technical data, a certain symmetry error occurs more frequently. Other characteristic deviations are possible. The division of characteristic deviations into groups, which are referred to here as error codes, facilitates the analysis of error sources and the detection of causal relationships when the error arises. These comparisons, in turn, allow a particularly useful alignment of machine axes within the framework of the correction of the nominal axis geometry data, which overall leads to better production results

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, a recommendation for action is determined by the computing device as a function of the error code and is displayed in particular by an output unit, e.g. a display. Certain groups of errors therefore have certain consequences and a recommendation for action can be determined accordingly.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the recommended action includes realigning the machine axes and / or recalibrating the machine tool. A realignment of the machine axes is therefore a realignment of the machine axes on the same machine tool. In connection with the question of whether a realignment of the machine axes is advisable, a quality criterion for a necessary realignment of the machine axis is advantageously defined. If the quality criterion is met, the machine axes are not realigned. If the quality criterion is not met, the machine axes are realigned depending on the corrected nominal axis geometry data.

The recommended action to recalibrate the machine tool can also occur in cases in which the machine axes of the machine tool are oriented precisely enough to one another. A new calibration of a machine tool is often related to changed environmental parameters of the machine tool. It is possible, for example, that in a machine tool, which is generally subdivided into a tool system and a workpiece system, reference points of the respective subsystems are no longer precisely aligned with one another. For example, thermal, dynamic, friction or wear-related effects can contribute to this.

As already mentioned at the beginning, kinematics data for the CNC machine tool are determined as standard after a CNC machine tool has been installed, and these kinematics data are transmitted to the control of the machine tool. As part of a recalibration of the machine tool, it is also possible to determine the kinematics data again and to transmit the changed kinematics data to the control of the machine tool. This in turn increases the manufacturing precision, which can in principle be achieved with the machine tool.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the method is carried out in whole or in part several times. Quite specifically this means that the method for aligning machine axes of a CNC machine tool is carried out not only on the basis of a single machine tool, but rather on the basis of a large number of CNC machine tools. A step-by-step optimization of the nominal axis geometry data can consequently be achieved by implementing the method several times. In the case of multiple execution of the method, the respective technical actual data with the respective assigned axis geometry target data can be stored in the computing device before their correction and / or the respective assigned axis geometry actual data and when the method is next carried out during the correction of the next axis geometry target data be included. Thus, by means of the computing device, the axis geometry target data are corrected as a function of further stored technical actual data and assigned further axis geometry actual data and / or assigned axis geometry target data. By performing the method several times on a large number of CNC machine tools and producing a large number of test workpieces, a large number of actual technical data can be determined, which can be assigned to the respective nominal axis geometry data and actual axis geometry data of the machine axes. A large amount of data, also referred to as big data, is thus created, in particular technical actual data with the assigned axis geometry target data and / or axis geometry actual data, on the basis of which the axis geometry target data can be corrected particularly advantageously. Further applications based on the generated and / or stored data are also possible, which will be discussed in more detail below.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the machine tool is a five-axis CNC machine, in particular a five-axis machining center. A five-axis CNC machine therefore has five axes, in particular that can be controlled simultaneously. Usually there are three main linear axes ( X , Y , Z ) and two further axes (auxiliary axes) which are oriented orthogonally to one another and in each case parallel to one of the first-mentioned axes and around which a rotational movement or pivoting movement is carried out. With the help of the aforementioned five-axis CNC machines, workpieces of particularly high complexity can be manufactured with particularly high precision. Nevertheless, here too there is a need for an improvement in the precision that can be achieved with the aid of the method according to the invention. It is also the case that the movement relationships in a five-axis CNC machine are so complex that a person can hardly, and certainly not at all, have an overview of them in detail. The method according to the invention, which is ultimately based on statistics, is therefore particularly well suited for a method for aligning machine axes in a five-axis CNC machine, which leads to improved manufacturing quality.

The five-axis machining center mentioned is a CNC machine tool that includes the functions of a lathe, milling machine and / or drilling machine. It preferably has a mechanism for an automatic tool change. If it also has an additional automatic workpiece change, it is also referred to as a flexible production cell. Other special forms of machining centers exist. The method according to the invention for aligning machine axes is particularly well suited for five-axis machining centers because of the great complexity of the machining centers.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, a model is stored in the computing device which describes the deviations of the technical actual data of the test workpiece from the technical target data of the test workpiece. The possible causes of deviations between the target and the actual properties of a workpiece are diverse: thermal, dynamic, kinematic, friction-related, wear-related and temporal influences, position of the axes of the machine tool, calibration accuracy, repeatability or positioning accuracy of a CNC machine. The latter depends, among other things, on the speed at which the feed spindles increase or the precision of the stepper motor. The stored model therefore maps the physical world in a digital model. This model can have different model types or modules that, for example, reflect different aspects of a modeling.

The model preferably comprises at least one of the following model types: a geometric model; a kinematic model; a thermodynamic model; a machine dynamic model; a friction model; a black box model with a plurality of parameters, the relationships between the parameters not being explicitly known, not yet explicitly formulated and / or not being explicitly included in the black box model.

The geometric model describes, for example, deviations of the technical actual data of the test workpiece from the technical target data of the test workpiece due to geometric relationships. For example, it is known and can be mathematically calculated which geometric effect a deviation in the machine axis geometry has on the test workpiece to be manufactured or, in general, on a component to be manufactured. The corresponding mathematical model takes into account translations, rotations, tilts, etc. in accordance with standard mathematical procedures.

Additionally or alternatively, the model stored in the computing device can include a kinematic model type. The kinematic model takes into account the determination of kinematic data and their transfer to the control of the machine tool. Errors in the calibration of the machine tool can also be taken into account well with the aid of a kinematic model.

A thermodynamic model takes into account changes in manufacturing precision that result from thermodynamic changes. It is possible, for example, for the machine tool and / or the workpiece to expand or contract when the ambient temperature changes. The underlying relationships can be modeled accordingly and mapped in the model. Deviations of the technical actual data of the test workpiece from the technical target data of the test workpiece due to thermal effects can thus be taken into account.

In a machine dynamic model, dynamic effects of the machine tool are taken into account. These include, for example, vibrations and / or oscillations of the tool, of components or assemblies of the machine tool. A processing speed or a rotation speed of tools can also be taken into account in a machine dynamic model.

In a friction model, friction and smear effects are taken into account. Friction and lubrication can be divided into boundary layer lubrication / friction, partial lubrication / friction and full lubrication / friction. The modeling of friction and lubrication effects can also include temporal and wear-specific effects. Lubrication is the reduction of friction and wear between two machine elements ("friction partners"), for example slides that move relative to one another. This is done through the use of a suitable lubricant and lubrication process in tribology.

A black box model, on the other hand, differs quite fundamentally from the geometric, kinematic, thermodynamic and machine dynamic models described above. The geometric, kinematic, thermodynamic and machine dynamic models are in principle exact. A black box model, on the other hand, takes into account unknown relationships between parameters and thus, for example, environmental influences on deviations of the technical actual data of the test workpiece from the technical target data of the test workpiece, which either cannot be clearly determined or cannot be determined. It is therefore possible, for example, to describe all relationships with a black box model, i.e., for example, including geometric relationships, or to combine a geometric model with a black box model, with this black box model kinematic, thermodynamic, machine-dynamic, friction-based and, if necessary, . summarizes further effects. The use of a black box model therefore allows the model as a whole to be simplified without completely neglecting influences that are not explicitly described or describable. It is preferred that the parameters of the black box model are determined by statistical methods and / or machine learning. For example, if the method according to the invention is carried out for several machine tools and the data generated are used, then in addition to the known geometric relationships that describe and explain the deviation of the actual technical data of the test workpiece from the technical target data of the test workpiece, unknown influencing parameters or at least not in the Influence parameters taken into account in detail are also learned in the model. The greater the amount of data records or the number of machine tools for which the corresponding data is available, the more precisely the black box model can be trained.

The computing device can derive recommendations for action and predictions from an analysis of the model. According to a second aspect of the invention, the method described or data records generated using the method described are used in combination with the model stored in the computing device for a prediction of at least one of the following aspects: wear of the machine axes; and / or manufacturing quality of workpieces to be manufactured. In principle, other predictions are also conceivable. If wear of the machine axes is predicted, it can be derived from this when the machine axes may need to be replaced. In addition, statements can be made about how wear and tear on the machine axes can be avoided, for example through specific process control / control of the machine or through realignment of the machine axis. If a prediction is made about the manufacturing quality of workpieces to be manufactured, this can for example prevent attempts to manufacture complex workpieces that cannot be manufactured at all in the desired quality with the CNC machine tool used or can only be manufactured with numerous rejects. If necessary, it is possible to switch to other machine tools, even to other nominally identical machine tools. In addition, the model can be used for a Change of parameters contained therein a manufacturing quality of workpieces to be manufactured can also be optimized. This in turn allows the proportion of rejects to be reduced, resources to be saved and ultimately also a shorter processing time in the production of a batch of workpieces as a whole.

According to a third aspect of the invention, the method according to the invention or the data records generated using the method according to the invention are used in combination with the model stored in the computing device for manufacturing workpieces using the CNC machine tool, with a manufacturing program for operating the CNC machine tool is adjusted depending on the actual axis geometry data of the CNC machine tool. In this way, a higher manufacturing accuracy can be achieved not only during the assembly of the machine axes, but also afterwards during normal operation of the CNC machine tool.

According to a fourth aspect of the invention, this relates to a computer program product with a program code for carrying out the method as described above. The program code can be subdivided into one or more partial codes. The program code can be written in all common programming languages. The following programming languages are preferred: Fortran, C, C ++, C #, Python.

The embodiments and aspects of the invention described above can be combined with one another in whole or in part, provided that this does not result in any technical contradictions.

• 1: zeigt schematisch den Aufbau einer fünfachsigen CNC-Werkzeugmaschine;
• 2: zeigt schematisch einen Winkelfehler der A-Achse zur X-Achse in der X-Y-Ebene;
• 3: zeigt schematisch Messarten bei einer Neigungsmessung;
• 4: zeigt beispielhaft Prüfwerkstücke;
• 5: zeigt ein Flussdiagramm des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens;
• 6: illustriert die Datenverarbeitung gemäß dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren; und
• 7: zeigt beispielhaft einen Datensatz des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens.

The invention will be better understood with reference to the accompanying figures. Show:

• 1 : shows schematically the structure of a five-axis CNC machine tool;
• 2 : shows schematically an angular error of the A-axis to the X-axis in the XY plane;
• 3 : shows schematically types of measurement for an inclination measurement;
• 4th : shows examples of test workpieces;
• 5 : shows a flow chart of the method according to the invention;
• 6th : illustrates the data processing according to the method according to the invention; and
• 7th : shows an example of a data record of the method according to the invention.

1 shows schematically the structure of a five-axis CNC machine tool 1 which can be designed as a machining center, for example. The five-axis CNC machine tool 1 includes a tool system 2 and a workpiece system 3 . In the example shown is the tool system 2 three-axis and the workpiece system 3 formed biaxially.

The tool system 2 has three linear main axes X , Y , Z . Specifically, the tool system includes 2 a pedestal 4th as well as a component mounted on it 5 that can be moved in the Y direction. In 1 is that through the rails 25th indicated. On the component 5 again is another component 6th arranged, which is movable in the X direction, indicated by the rails 26th . On the component 6th is again the component 7th arranged that the milling head 8th with the tool 9 wearing. The geometry shown as an example is bracket-like and the tool 9 is arranged vertically in the direction of the Z-axis. The component 7th and thus the tool 9 in turn is completely or partially movable in the Z-direction, so that the milling head 8th with the tool 9 can move up or down for machining in the direction of the Z-axis. Because of the axes that are linearly independent from one another X , Y , Z can the milling head 8th with the tool 9 In principle, move to any spatial position (within the machining area). In addition, the axes shown are X , Y , Z Oriented orthogonally to one another, as this is the simplest form of implementation.

The workpiece system 3 has a swivel table 10 and a faceplate arranged thereon 11 on. The faceplate 11 can be rotated around the axis of rotation C. and the entire swivel table 10 can be swiveled around the axis A. , which in the example shown are parallel to the linear axis X of the tool system 2 is arranged.

With the aid of the method according to the invention, some or all of them can now axes X , Y , Z , A. , C. be aligned relative and / or absolute to each other. Because of the two-part nature of the machine tool 1 or their subdivision into a tool system 2 and a workpiece system 3 The following axis alignment scenarios are available: The axes X , Y and Z of the tool system 2 form a subsystem and can be aligned with one another. In a similar way form the pivot axis A. and the axis of rotation C. a subsystem of the workpiece system 3 and can be aligned with each other. Finally, the axes of the tool system 2 and the axes of the workpiece system 3 be aligned to each other. It is possible, for example, to change the orientation of the axis C. in terms of the axis A. to be assumed as fixed or optimal and now the axis A. with regard to the other axes X , Y , Z align. The alignment or orientation of the axis A. to the linear axes X , Y , Z can be described in all spatial directions. According to one exemplary embodiment, the method according to the invention is used to align the axis A. to that of the machine axes X , Y , Z to each other. However, as described above, other groups of axes can in principle also be selected for carrying out the method according to the invention or all axes are explicitly taken into account.

2 shows schematically an angle error α the A axis to the X axis in the XY plane. 2 is therefore in relation to 1 a top view of the machine tool 1 . For a better illustration there is an angle error α in 2 depicted greatly exaggerated. Corresponding angle errors α 'can be defined analogously as angle errors between the A axis and the X axis in the ZX plane. This angular error α or α 'can be measured with the aid of a detection device, which is present, for example, in the form of an inclination sensor. In this way, actual axis geometry data, for example of the A-axis, can be measured. The position or orientation of the other axes X , Y , Z and C. in space or relative to the other axes can also be determined.

3 shows schematically types of measurement for an inclination measurement. Mathematically, the term inclination is a measure of the divergence between two straight lines in a plane. In 3 is a base length L. defined in 3 lies within the ZX plane. To the angle of inclination β is inclined in 3 another leg of the base length L. drawn. For specifying the angle of inclination β can now either be the angle of inclination β directly or a height H in the direction Z can be specified. An inclination can thus be determined using an angle or a length. Working with a length measure is often easier in practice.

4th shows an example of four test workpieces 30th . In the case of standardized test workpieces, a distinction is made between workpieces to determine the work and position accuracy and workpieces to identify machine-related deviations. An overview of standards for test workpieces can be found in Reimund Neugebauer, “Machine Tools”, Springer Vieweg, 2012 edition: “For NC-controlled turning, milling, drilling and grinding machines, machine-specific workpieces are in the VDI / DGQ guidelines VDI / DGQ 3441-3445 standardized, which are used to check the work and position accuracy. The work uncertainty is defined as the sum of all systematic and random machine deviations and can be determined by means of statistical education laws from the measurement of specified dimensions on the manufactured test workpiece. The position uncertainty from the direct measurement described above has an influence on the work uncertainty. In DIN ISO 10791-7 are with reference to the geometric accuracy according to DIN ISO 230-1 two contour milling test workpieces standardized for the assessment of machining centers. In contrast, the test workpieces of the now withdrawn VDI 2851 are suitable for determining typical errors in NC-controlled lathes, milling machines or drilling machines. The recognized NC Gesellschaft e. V. has also developed test workpieces for HSC machines, 5-axis simultaneous milling machines and water jet cutting machines with the recommendations NCG 2004, NCG 2005 and NCG 2006. For spur gear hobbing machines, the DIN ISO 6545 a corresponding test gear described. To evaluate the energy efficiency of machine tools, the Japanese Machine Tool Association has developed initial proposals in JIS TS B 0024-1 / 2/3/4 for reference workpieces with which the machines of a manufacturer can be compared in terms of energy. ”An overview of selected test workpieces from the standards mentioned shows 4th . The test workpiece 30th has a large number of bores, levels, bevels, etc. A special symmetrical arrangement of bores and levels or side surfaces can also be seen. This special geometric arrangement makes it possible to understand the extent to which the shape of the manufactured test workpiece is reproduced in the case of a test workpiece 30th by actual technical data 15th is characterized by the technical target data 17th that are stored in a CAD model, for example, differ. The following parameters, for example, can be assigned to the characteristic points and / or areas: side length, edge length, diameter of a hole, depth of a hole, symmetry of two holes in relation to a previously defined reference point and / or a reference direction, orientation of two surfaces to one another, roundness of a circle, a disk, a cylinder or a cone, straightness of a line or axis, parallelism of a line or axis in relation to a basic straight line, parallelism of a surface in relation to a basic plane, concentricity, axial runout. The parameters that define the characteristic points and / or areas of the test workpiece 30th are assigned, can now in turn be measured with the aid of a detection device. Optical sensors, tactile sensors and / or industrial CT devices are particularly suitable for this purpose.

5 shows a flow chart of an exemplary method according to the invention for aligning machine axes of a CNC machine tool 1 . The machine axes are aligned in a step S1 X , Y , Z , A. , B. , C. depending on the axis geometry target data 18th . In this context, the assemblies of the machine tool 1 mounted, the machine axes X , Y , Z , A. , B. , C. can include and some or all of the machine axes are oriented to one another according to specifications. The axis geometry target data 18th specify the desired alignment of the machine axes to one another, eg perpendicularity and / or parallelism of axes to one another within a previously defined error interval and / or absolute spatial coordinates.

The actual axis geometry data is acquired in a step S2 13th showing the actual alignment of the machine axes X , Y , Z , A. , B. , C. characterize, by means of a detection device 14th . The machine axes are now oriented or aligned with one another within the specified or simultaneously specified accuracy, the actual alignment of the machine axes being recorded by measurement within the permissible error interval and this measurement being the actual axis geometry data 13th delivers or this actual axis geometry data 13th can be calculated based on the measurement results.

In an (optional) method step S3, the determination of kinematics data for the CNC machine tool now takes place 1 and in the (optional) step S4, the transmission of the kinematics data to the control of the machine tool 1 . Alternatively, it would also be possible that the kinematics data are already predefined because they are already for a machine tool, in particular of the same construction 1 have been determined; however, this provides qualitatively less precise manufacturing results.

In step S5, a test workpiece is manufactured in accordance with predefined technical target data 17th by means of the machine tool 1 , with the technical target data 17th of the test workpiece 30th the shape to be achieved of the test workpiece to be manufactured 30th characterize. The technical target data 17th can be in the form of CAD data, for example.

In method step S6, actual technical data is recorded 15th of the test workpiece 30th after the test workpiece has been manufactured 30th by means of a detection device 16 , with the actual technical data 15th the obtained shape of the test workpiece produced 30th characterize. Ideally, the actual technical data correspond 15th of the test workpiece 30th exactly the technical target data 17th of the test workpiece 30th However, in practice there are small, often relevant deviations.

Correspondingly, the technical actual data is compared in method step S7 15th of the test workpiece 30th with the technical target data 17th of the test workpiece 30th by means of a computing device 12th .

In the subsequent method step S8, the target axis geometry data is corrected 18th depending on the comparison (step S7) and the actual axis geometry data 13th by means of the computing device 12th . This corrected nominal axis geometry data 18th can be used with iterative process management to align the machine axes of another CNC machine tool. In this way - despite constant measurement methods and measurement accuracy in data acquisition - the precision in the manufacture of test workpieces or workpieces in series production can be improved step by step.

6th illustrates the data processing according to the method according to the invention. The core of the data processing is a computing device 12th . As described above, using a detection device 14th Actual axis geometry data 13th showing the actual alignment of the machine axes of the machine tool 1 characterize, recorded. This actual axis geometry data 13th are sent to the computing device 12th transmitted. If necessary, the transmitted data 13th in the computing facility 12th also initially prepared for further data processing or converted into suitable units. In any case, the computing device has 12th finally, via suitable actual axis geometry data that has been obtained on the basis of the measurement.

In addition, are in the computing device 12th technical target data 17th of a test workpiece 30th deposited or are sent to the computing device 12th transmitted. These technical target data 17th of the test workpiece 30th write the shape of the test workpiece to be manufactured 30th and are available, for example, in the form of a technical drawing or in the form of CAD data, which are read in in DXF or in HPGL format by a CAM system and processed in a machine-readable manner. However, certain preselected properties, for example certain distances between points, symmetries and / or parallelisms of surfaces, can also be read in as an evaluation matrix.

With the help of the machine tool 1 is now the test workpiece according to method step S5 30th manufactured according to the stored specifications. The test workpiece actually produced 30th is through actual technical data 15th of the test workpiece 30th characterized, which in turn by a measuring device 16 can be determined. The determined or measured actual technical data 15th are in turn sent to the computing device 12th transmitted. Within the computing facility 12th The actual technical data is now compared 15th of the test workpiece 30th with the technical target data 17th of the test workpiece 30th . By means of the computing device 12th the axis geometry target data 18th depending on the comparison and depending on the actual axis geometry data 13th corrected. The new axis geometry target data 18th are made available for aligning machine axes of a further CNC machine tool 1 '. In this way, machine axes can be aligned step-by-step in identical CNC machine tools in such a way that better production results are achieved.

In the computing facility 12th According to the exemplary embodiment, a model is stored that shows the deviation of the actual technical data 15th of the test workpiece 30th from the technical target data 17th of the test workpiece 30th describes. This can in particular be a geometric model. Further model types are preferably also integrated into the overall model, e.g. a kinematic model, a thermodynamic model, a machine dynamic model, a friction model and / or a black box model with a plurality of parameters, the relationships between the parameters not being explicitly known, are not yet explicitly formulated and / or are not explicitly included in the black box model. The geometric model shows, for example, the effects of a slightly incorrect axis orientation on the precision in the manufacture of the test workpiece 30th pictured. According to the model, it is therefore known which deviations in the arrangement of the machine axes cause which geometric effect with regard to the precision of the test workpiece produced. Normally, however, it will be the case that the precision deviations observed during the manufacture of the workpiece 30th cannot be explained solely by geometric deviations and thus cannot be described solely by a purely geometric model. In this respect, it is possible and preferred to integrate other model types into the model. A simple and powerful improvement of the model can be achieved by integrating a black box model into the overall model. This black box model comprises a plurality of parameters which cannot or cannot be determined unambiguously with the aid of measurements. In particular, influencing factors known per se, such as kinematic, thermodynamic and machine-dynamic influencing factors, can be summarized in this model. It is also possible that influencing factors exist that are entirely unknown. These can also be mapped in the black box model. The parameters of the black box model are determined by statistical methods and / or machine learning. It is generally the case that the model is based on an algorithm which is determined by means of the computing device 12th can be carried out and with which axis geometry target data 18th can be corrected. This algorithm requires the actual axis geometry data already described 13th , technical actual data 15th and technical target data 17th of the test workpiece 30th as input data. In addition, the axis geometry target data are in the algorithm 18th deposited in uncorrected form. In addition, a measurement plan can be stored in the algorithm that defines at what time and in what manner both the actual axis geometry data 1 as well as the actual technical data 15th of the test workpiece can be measured. From this information and data, the algorithm calculates target specifications for the axis positioning and, in particular, target specifications for the axis geometry or tolerances for the aligned machine axes for subsequent assemblies of additional machine tools 1 . Due to the continuously accumulating measurement data, the axis geometry target data 18th are continuously updated.

In addition, using the data records generated by the method according to the invention in combination with the model stored in the computing device, predictions can be made, e.g. with regard to the wear of machine axes and with regard to the manufacturing quality of workpieces to be manufactured, especially in subsequent series production. Further analyzes of the data sets are conceivable.

7th shows an example of a data record of the method according to the invention. The data record shows examples of various input and output data from various machines 1 to 5 . The input parameters shown as an example are the parallelism of a faceplate 11 for the Y movement and a parallelism of the faceplate to the X movement. Further input parameters are, for example, a parallelism of the A-axis to the X-movement in the Y-direction as well as a parallelism of the A-axis to the X-movement in the Z-direction. The input parameters here are given in lengths, for example in micrometers.

Possible output parameters of a data set are, for example, symmetries of reference bores R1 and R2 as well as side lengths L1 and L2. Typically, both the input parameters and the output parameters will be more numerous. The data set shown is for illustration purposes only.

Overall, the described embodiments of the invention are not to be understood as limiting the invention, but merely serve for better understanding.

List of reference symbols

1

Machine tool

2

Tool system

3

Workpiece system

4th

base

5

Component can be moved in Y

6th

Component can be moved in X

7th

Component can be moved in Y

8th

Milling head

9

Tool

10

Swivel table

11

Faceplate

12th

Computing device

13th

Actual axis geometry data

14th

Acquisition device for actual axis geometry data

15th

Actual technical data of the test workpiece

16

Acquisition device for actual technical data of the test workpiece

17th

Technical target data of the test workpiece

18th

Axis geometry target data

25th

Rails for moving in the Y direction

26th

Rails for moving in direction X

30th

Test workpiece

X

Linear axis

Y

Linear axis

Z

Linear axis

A.

Swivel axis

C.

Axis of rotation

α

Angular deviation

β

Inclination angle

H

Height to indicate the angle of inclination

L.

Length standard

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent literature cited

• DE 2006048684 A1 [0007]

Non-patent literature cited

• DIN ISO 230-1 [0062]
• DIN ISO 6545 [0062]

Claims (25)

Method for aligning machine axes of a CNC machine tool, comprising the following steps: Alignment of the machine axes as a function of axis geometry target data; Acquisition of actual axis geometry data, which characterize the actual alignment of the machine axes, by means of a detection device; Production of a test workpiece according to predefined technical target data by means of the machine tool, the technical target data characterizing the shape to be achieved of the test workpiece to be produced; Acquisition of actual technical data of the test workpiece after the test workpiece has been manufactured by means of a recording device, the technical actual data characterizing the shape of the manufactured test workpiece; Comparing the actual technical data of the test workpiece with the technical target data of the test workpiece by means of a computing device; Correcting the nominal axis geometry data as a function of the comparison and the actual axis geometry data. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the actual technical data of the test workpiece are stored with the assigned technical target data of the test workpiece by means of the computing device. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the axis geometry target data are assigned to the actual technical data of the test workpiece before the correction of the axis geometry target data, the technical actual data of the test workpiece with the assigned axis geometry target data being stored by means of the computing device. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein by means of the computing device the nominal axis geometry data are compared with the actual axis geometry data before they are corrected and the actual axis geometry data are corrected as a function of the comparison. Method according to one of the preceding claims, the actual axis geometry data being corrected as a function of a comparison between the actual axis geometry data and the actual technical data of the test workpiece; and or the actual axis geometry data being corrected as a function of a comparison between the nominal axis geometry data and the actual technical data of the test workpiece. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the nominal axis geometry data and the actual axis geometry data each characterize a relative alignment of the machine axes to one another, in particular their parallelism and / or orthogonality. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the nominal axis geometry data and the actual axis geometry data each describe at least one of the following properties of an axis rotation: pitching, rolling, yawing. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the acquisition device for acquiring the actual axis geometry data has a path and / or angle measurement, in particular with a dial gauge, an inclinometer, a laser interferometer and / or an autocollimator. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the technical target data and the technical actual data of the test workpiece as characteristic points and / or areas on at least one of the following shape and position data: bores, protrusions, bevels, maxima, minima, curves, planes, lines, Straight lines, surfaces. Method according to the preceding claim, wherein at least one of the following parameters can be assigned to the characteristic points and / or areas: side length, edge length, diameter of a hole, position of a hole, depth of a hole, symmetry of two holes in relation to a previously defined reference point and / or a reference direction, orientation of two surfaces to each other, roundness of a circle, a disk, a cylinder or a cone, straightness of a line or axis, parallelism of a line or axis in relation to a basic straight line, parallelism of a surface in relation to a basic plane, concentricity, Face run. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the acquisition device for acquiring actual technical data of the test workpiece has an optical sensor, a tactile sensor and / or an industrial CT device. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the axis geometry target data, the axis geometry actual data, the technical target data and the technical actual data are specified in the same unit, in particular in a unit of length. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a characteristic deviation of the technical actual data from the technical Target data an error code can be assigned or is assigned. The method according to the preceding claim, wherein a recommendation for action is determined as a function of the error code by the computing device and, in particular, is displayed by an output unit. Method according to the preceding claim, wherein the recommendation for action comprises realigning the machine axes and / or recalibrating the machine tool. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising the step of: Defining a quality criterion for a required realignment of the machine axes; and if the quality criterion is not met: realignment of the machine axes depending on the corrected axis geometry target data. A method according to the preceding claim, further comprising the steps of: Determination of kinematics data for the CNC machine tool; and Transmission of the kinematics data to the control of the machine tool. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the method is carried out several times in whole or in part. Method according to the preceding claim, wherein the machine tool is a five-axis CNC machine tool, in particular a five-axis machining center. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a model is stored in the computing device which describes the deviation of the technical actual data of the test workpiece from the technical target data of the test workpiece. Method according to the preceding claim, wherein the model comprises at least one of the following model types: a geometric model; a kinematic model; a thermodynamic model; a machine dynamic model; a friction model; a black box model with a plurality of parameters, the relationships between the parameters not being explicitly known, not yet explicitly formulated and / or not being explicitly included in the black box model. Method according to the preceding claim, wherein the parameters of the black box model are determined by statistical methods and / or machine learning. Use of the using the method according to one of the Claims 1 to 22nd generated data sets in combination with the model stored in the computing device for a prediction with regard to at least one of the following aspects: wear of the machine axes; Manufacturing quality of workpieces to be manufactured. Use of the using the method according to one of the Claims 1 to 22nd generated data records in combination with the model stored in the computing device for the production of workpieces by means of the CNC machine tool, a production program for operating the CNC machine tool being adapted as a function of the actual axis geometry data of the CNC machine tool. Computer program product with a program code for carrying out the method according to one of the preceding claims.

Images