DE102019005796A1 - drive - Google Patents

Abstract

If a force is to be exerted on at least one moving magnet to be driven, which is connected to a rotor or slide, in a relatively small space over a clear, but not too large distance (e.g. a few millimeters), the necessary magnetic field strengths with an electromagnet are often only to achieve with great technical effort and high energy input. On the other hand, over the distances required here, with modern permanent magnets, even large forces can be transferred into the field generation without additional energy input. If the drive magnets are arranged on a circular or linear stator with mutually fixed rotational positions (from a primary drive, e.g. electric, pneumatic, hydraulic motor driven) rotate synchronously at the same speed, large forces and torques can be transmitted to rotors and / or slides. Due to the previously determined rotational positions of the drive magnets, little force and / or energy is required for this. Drive for rotors and / or slides by means of magnetic fields through existing spaces with walls and air gaps into vessels and / or across walls. For example, sterile and / or contaminated areas with a consumer (rotor, slide, etc.) can be kept separate from normal areas with the drive. The area of use can range from molecular / atomic orders of magnitude to drives for large systems.

Description

The invention relates to a drive concept using permanent magnets to set elements to be driven (agitators, rotors, runners, slides, ...) in motion and to do work with these elements to be driven, the drive and the elements to be driven being on different sides of a defined limit , Wall or intermediate layer.

Among other things, the invention thus represents a drive for rotor elements (agitators, rotors, ...) located inside a vessel, which can be set in rotating motion by a stator arrangement located outside the vessel by means of magnetic force coupling and work in the vessel perform, with clear gaps between the stator magnets located in the outer space and the rotor magnets located in the inner space, in particular air gaps and / or partition walls.

Among other things, the invention thus represents a linear drive for an arrangement (runner, slide, ...) lying on the other side of a wall, which can be set into linear translational movement by means of magnetic force coupling and can do work, with the drive and movement magnets between the drive and movement magnets clear spaces, in particular air gaps and / or partition walls.

Magnetically coupled stirring devices are known in various forms in the prior art, including the magnetic stirrers as laboratory devices.

In the prior art, the forces that develop between magnetic poles are used to transmit force and torque from a drive magnet to a (stirring) body connected to a magnet. With conventional magnetic stirrers in laboratory technology, e.g. a motor-driven rotating drive magnet is used outside of a vessel in order to generate a magnetic rotating field inside the vessel. In the prior art, electric motors are often used as primary drives.

In the case of an arrangement of a conventional magnetic stirrer in laboratory technology of the prior art, however, the assignment of elements to a rotor or to a stator within the meaning of the subject matter of this invention can only be established to a limited extent. In an arrangement in focus here, the stirring body rotating in the vessel represents the interior rotor. An arrangement to be referred to as a stator with regard to this rotor, from which a force is transmitted to the rotor, that is to say an element that does not rotate with respect to this rotor, exists in a conventional one Magnetic stirrers in laboratory technology are not, because there ia the drive magnet is parallel to the stirring magnet and both together perform a common rotational movement. The stator belonging to the primary drive, that is to say to the motor, in the usual magnetic stirrer in laboratory technology of the prior art is not to be seen as a stator in the sense of this invention.

Comparable rotating magnetic fields can also be generated by coil arrangements that are suitably controlled. In this case, a stirring body in a vessel again represents the interior rotor, the coil arrangement is an arrangement that can be referred to as a stator in relation to this rotor. A driving force acts on the rotor from this stator arrangement, but the stator arrangement does not rotate with the defined rotor with respect to it, and is therefore an element which does not rotate with respect to this rotor.

The magnetic rotating fields generated in this way with magnetic stirrers in laboratory technology exert a drag force or torque on a stirring body placed in the vessel and connected to a magnet, which is set in a rotating movement and thereby stirs the medium in the vessel. Given the design of the agitator body, a defined minimum torque (more precisely a minimum torque) must ensure that the agitator body can rotate in the medium at the required number of revolutions. This force must be sufficient at all times to push the medium in front of the agitator body in the direction of rotation forwards or to displace it to the side, i.e. it must work against the resistance of the medium (which is generally non-linear). The force required to rotate the stirring body in the medium must ultimately be applied by the magnetic field acting on the stirring magnet.

Coil arrangements can only achieve the force effects that can be achieved with permanent magnets in the close range within the given framework with a high technical effort and often with a very high expenditure of energy, so that rotating permanent magnets with high field strengths with regard to the force coupling represent a good solution both energetically and conceptually. However, the force of a magnet decreases very quickly with increasing distance (even in the small millimeter range).

In all constructions, however, the spatial distance between the drive magnets and the magnet in the driven stirring body (stirring magnet) must be bridged; a distance that generally cannot be reduced significantly. The wall of a vessel or the space or space to be kept free for the rotation of the drive magnet for heating, the magnetic field must be bridged (often several millimeters). However, this distance also considerably limits the force effects that can be transmitted with magnetic fields.

From the DE102014004705B4 The applicant is aware of a magnetic stirrer in which the force of strong permanent magnets is used to implement a drive between a stirring magnet and the drive magnets, which are magnetized transversely to their respective rotational axis in the outer space of the vessel in a circular manner around the rotational axis of the stirring magnet. The distance between the drive magnet and the stirring magnet can be kept small there, as a result of which the force acting on the stirring body can be very large. Due to the design, the planes of rotation of the drive magnets and those of the stirring magnet are located when driving the DE102014004705B4 not parallel.

Unlike the DE102014004705B4 In the case of the drives in focus here, however, the axis of rotation of the rotor magnet and the axes of rotation of the drive magnets are generally parallel. As a result, the planes in which the rotational movements take place (rotational planes) are largely parallel to one another or even match.

These geometrically defined positions and relationships, e.g. of the respective axes of rotation to one another, are to be understood as "essentially", that is, axes of rotation of the drive magnets, which are described, for example, as "lying parallel to the axis of rotation of the stirring magnet", functionally fulfill this condition, if they are not exactly, but only "roughly parallel, and possibly even if there is an angle of 45 °, for example, but a component of a projection of these axes onto the - functionally described - parallel axis can contribute this property. It is therefore essential that in an actual arrangement a described "parallel axis" with the functionality described thereby fulfills a "parallel axis" only because an essential component of the actual position fulfills this.

In the prior art, motors are the usual means of choice for drive tasks. Therefore, drive concepts with coils located outside a vessel (e.g. a glass tube) are known, which are intended to transfer power to an internal rotor. Derived from known motor designs, the rotor and stator of known motor designs are often simply placed on the two sides of the intermediate wall of the vessel. However, due to the large air or travel distances to be bridged, such constructions cannot provide a performance comparable to that of motors. It is true that air gaps cannot be avoided if a moving arrangement is to move past an immovable arrangement without friction, but this is where the possibility of keeping the air gaps structurally very small and well below a millimeter in order to achieve very high forces and torques is possible not given.

In the considerations of the subject matter of the invention, which are the focus of the invention here, it should be noted that larger air gaps, vessel walls or a path that does not conduct a magnetic flux well can lie in the power transmission path. The distances to be bridged are from one millimeter to centimeters or even more. The available space usable area is also considered to be restricted, which does not allow very large coils to be used as electromagnets.

In this technical context, the object of the invention is to provide a powerful drive for a unit to be driven (with respect to a unit to be driven) outside a separating wall, with a magnetic force coupling from the outside via the wall in addition to a (possibly multi-part) air gap away from the Drive magnets on the unit to be driven (with magnets, hereinafter "moving or rotor magnets") must be reached. Units to be driven should in particular, but not exclusively, be rotors, in particular interior rotors or slides of a linear drive.

This object is achieved with the characterizing details of claim 1.

• - eine Kraftübertragung zwischen
  • ◯ den Bewegt-Magneten (Rotor-, Innenraum-, Rühr-, Schlittenmagnete) und
  • ◯ den Antriebs-Magneten eines außerhalb der Wand eines Gefäßes (z.B. eines evtl. längeren Rohres) liegenden Stators,
  im Wesentlichen durch starke Dauermagnete erfolgt, wobei
• - die Antriebs-Magnete als Dauermagnete
  • ◯ auf einem Kreis um das Gefäß herum liegen
  • ◯ oder auf parallel geführten Linien angeordnet sind (linear geführte Schlitten), und
• - diese Antriebs-Magnete
  • ◯ bei einer insgesamt für alle Antriebs-Magnete festgelegten Drehlagenzuordnung
  • ◯ untereinander drehgekoppelt sind und
  • ◯ alle Antriebs-Magnete zusammen (oder zumindest gruppenweise zusammen) in einer einheitlichen Richtung rotieren.

In particular because

• - a power transmission between
  • ◯ the moving magnet (rotor, interior, stirring, slide magnets) and
  • ◯ the drive magnet of a stator located outside the wall of a vessel (e.g. a possibly longer pipe),
  essentially takes place through strong permanent magnets, whereby
• - the drive magnets as permanent magnets
  • ◯ lie on a circle around the vessel
  • ◯ or are arranged on parallel lines (linearly guided carriages), and
• - these drive magnets
  • ◯ with a rotational position assignment that is defined for all drive magnets
  • ◯ are rotatably coupled to one another and
  • ◯ all drive magnets rotate together (or at least in groups) in a uniform direction.

The axis of rotation of an (interior) rotor magnet and the axes of rotation of the drive magnets are generally located. parallel to each other; this view is not necessarily relevant for linear drives. Alternative drive and embodiments of designs according to the invention are given in the dependent claims.

• - dass mit starken Dauermagneten über die hier in Frage stehenden Distanzen (Millimeter, Zentimeter) selbst dann starke Kraftwirkungen von einem Antriebsmagneten auf einen Bewegt-Magneten übertragen werden können, wenn keine zusätzliche Energie für die unmittelbare Kraftentwicklung bereitgestellt wird,
• - dass im vorgesehenen Rahmen (mit dem gegebenen Raumbereich) vergleichbare Kraftwirkungen mit Elektromagneten (Spulen) wenn überhaupt, dann nur unter Einsatz sehr hoher Energien und mit einem sehr hohen technischen Aufwand erreicht werden können,
• - dass Magnetfelder von starken Antriebs-Dauermagneten, die
  • ◯ mit zueinander definiert eingerichteter und dann
  • ◯ untereinander festliegenden Dreh-Lage
  • ◯ gemeinsam gleichartig rotieren,
  große Kräfte, Drehmomente und mechanische Leistung über die hier in Frage stehenden Distanzen hinweg von einer Antriebsseite auf Bewegt-Magnete eines anzutreibenden Elements auf der anderen Seite übertragen können,
• - dass trotz evtl. sehr großer Magnetkraftwirkungen zwischen benachbart liegenden sehr starken Antriebs-Dauermagneten durch definiert zueinander eingestellte Drehlagen der Antriebs-Dauermagneten nur ein relativ geringer Kraft- und Energieaufwand von einem primären Antrieb aufzubringen ist, um mechanische Leistung über die hier in Frage stehenden Distanzen auf einen Bewegt-Magneten (Rotor oder Schlitten) zu übertragen

The invention is based on the knowledge

• - that with strong permanent magnets over the distances in question (millimeters, centimeters), strong force effects can be transmitted from a drive magnet to a moving magnet even if no additional energy is provided for the direct force development,
• - that within the envisaged framework (with the given spatial area) comparable force effects with electromagnets (coils), if at all, can only be achieved using very high energies and with a very high technical effort,
• - that magnetic fields from strong drive permanent magnets that
  • ◯ with a defined set up and then
  • ◯ fixed rotary position among each other
  • ◯ rotate together in the same way,
  Can transfer large forces, torques and mechanical power over the distances in question from one drive side to moving magnets of a driven element on the other side,
• - that despite possibly very large magnetic force effects between adjacent very strong permanent drive magnets, only a relatively small amount of force and energy needs to be applied by a primary drive in order to achieve mechanical power over the distances in question here due to the rotational positions of the permanent drive magnets set in a defined manner to be transmitted to a moving magnet (rotor or slide)

The last point of this list of findings seems banal, but it is a very important point: In the arrangements according to the invention, the drive permanent magnets used can under certain circumstances be relatively close to one another, can exert very large forces on one another due to this proximity and therefore hold on to one another with correspondingly large forces use it to press against the primary drive. However, if the permanent magnets are suitably arranged and precisely adjusted to one another in the rotational relationship phase position, jointly rotating permanent magnets, even when using extremely strong permanent magnets, only an astonishingly low expenditure of force and energy is required by the primary drive to put the entire arrangement into operation and in To keep operation.

The actually effective transfer of useful power can also be proven during operation, e.g. via the electrical power of the primary drive: The energy expenditure for friction and other losses (including eddy current losses) must of course always be used. But the power consumption of the primary drive during operation, measured once without the actual consumer element (rotor, agitator, slide) and once measured with the actual consumer element under load, results in the difference in the additional power expenditure only for the actual target process . The effort that has to be invested in the actual target work on the consumer and that can be measured in this way shows an efficiently working drive mechanism for transmitting mechanically defined power over the distances in question to a moving magnet (rotor or slide). The knowledge that a primary drive has to generate relatively little force and energy in order to maintain the operation of a suitably designed and well-adjusted arrangement according to the invention calls for precise physical analyzes of the power flow and the losses in specific embodiments of the invention (in particular also to avoid eddy current losses, for example).

• - Unter Nutzung einer primären Energieform wird ein primärer Antrieb eingesetzt; das kann z.B. ein Elektromotor (in jeder Motorform, also z.B. Schrittmotor, DC-Motor, usw.) sein, ein Druckluftmotor (in jeder Form, auch z.B. ein Druckluft-Schrittmotor), ein Hydraulikmotor, aber auch ein geringstufiger Schrittschaltmotor-Mechanismus oder ein handgetriebener Kurbelantrieb, usw.;
• - dieser primäre Antrieb versetzt über eine geeignete mechanische Anordnung (Ketten, Riemen, Zahnräder, Getriebe, usw.) starke Dauermagnete als Antriebs-Magnete (im Folgenden nur noch Antriebsmagnete) in Rotation, wobei diese Antriebs-Magnete
  • ◯ Rotationsachsen an fest definierten Positionen auf einem Stator haben und
  • ◯ zuvor untereinander in eine definierte Rotations-(Phasenlagen-)Zuordnung gebracht worden sind;
• - die Magnetfelder dieser rotierenden Antriebsmagnete wirken kraftübertragend über die größeren Zwischenräume (Luftspalt, Gefäßwand, usw.) auf (Bewegt-)Dauermagnete, die mit einem Verbraucher (Rotor, Schlitten, usw.) auf der anderen Seite des jeweiligen Zwischenraums verbunden sind, wodurch
• - diese (Bewegt-)Dauermagnete mit Verbraucher (Rotoren, Schlitten, ..) in Bewegung gesetzt werden und damit dort die eigentliche Ziel-Arbeit verrichten.

In the context of this invention, the power or energy or power flow generally occurs in the following order:

• - Using a primary form of energy, a primary drive is used; this can be, for example, an electric motor (in any form of motor, e.g. stepper motor, DC motor, etc.), a compressed air motor (in any form, including e.g. a compressed air stepper motor), a hydraulic motor, but also a low-speed stepper motor mechanism or a hand-operated crank drive, etc .;
• - This primary drive uses a suitable mechanical arrangement (chains, belts, gears, gears, etc.) to move strong permanent magnets as drive magnets (in the following only Drive magnets) in rotation, these drive magnets
  • ◯ have axes of rotation at fixed positions on a stator and
  • ◯ have previously been brought into a defined rotation (phase position) assignment;
• - The magnetic fields of these rotating drive magnets transmit force via the larger spaces (air gap, vessel wall, etc.) to (moving) permanent magnets that are connected to a consumer (rotor, slide, etc.) on the other side of the respective space, whereby
• - These (moving) permanent magnets with consumers (rotors, slides, ...) are set in motion and thus do the actual target work there.

In this chain of energy flow, the energy transfer over a larger space (air gap, vessel wall, etc.) is the task to be solved according to the invention, which is achieved using the magnetic fields of strong permanent magnets, because within the given framework (small spatial areas, distances in the clear millimeter range , a limited supply of energy, etc.) a suitably large power development is only possible with modern permanent magnets and this should therefore be used. The gap sizes cannot be reduced because other reasons (e.g. a possibly necessary demarcation of sterile or contaminated areas, the elegance and simplicity of established devices or processes or handling, etc.) do not allow this or it is not advisable.

As can be shown using the example of a rotor drive, a coupling mechanism comparable to gearwheel functions can be seen between the inner driven rotor magnets and the outer driving drive magnets. In the developed model, the positive power transmission of meshing gears is replaced by periodically repeating power transmissions from repelling and attracting magnetic poles.

Based on examples of the drives for rotating rotors, drives for linear or translationally moved carriages can be represented. This can be done, for example, by unrolling a rotating arrangement according to the invention on a plane or on a linear structure.

At this point it should be pointed out that in the arrangements described here, the moving magnets generally also have to be guided, ie that the rotor or slide moving magnets also have defined axes of rotation within limits; the drive magnets belonging to the stator are guided anyway. This will be understandable to a person skilled in the art, because in arrangements such as those of the , a rotor magnet in the manner shown here, floating freely, so to speak, could not stay where it was; two of the magnetic poles interacting here would always approach each other so far that a state of minimal energy is reached. A rotor magnet must therefore be held at least approximately in the position shown (generally by fixing its axis of rotation).

• stellt zum Stand der Technik zwei Antriebsformen von Magnetrührern dar, die einen vergleichbaren Rotor-Stator-Bezug aufweisen können.
• zeigt als Beispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Antriebs einen Stator mit vier außen liegenden Antriebs-Magneten und zeigt zur grundsätzlichen Zustandsabfolge dieses erfindungsgemäßen Antriebs das Feld, das im Inneren auf einen Rotor wirken würde.
• zeigt als weiteres Beispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Antriebs einen Stator mit 16 außen liegenden Antriebs-Magneten und einen innen liegenden Stabmagneten als Rotor und zeigt die Stadien der Bewegungszustände nach Lageänderungen von jeweils 45°.
• zeigt ein weiteres Beispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Antriebs; hier hat der Antrieb einen Stator mit acht außen liegende Antriebs-Magneten, einen innen liegenden Stabmagneten als Rotor (bzw. einen Rotor mit 2 Stabmagneten mit wechselnder Polarität); gezeigt werden Stadien der Bewegungszustände nach Lageänderungen von jeweils 45°;
• zeigt ein weiteres Beispiel mit einem Stator mit 16 außen liegenden Antriebsmagneten und 4 innen liegende Stabmagneten als Rotor mit wechselnder Polarität und zeigt eine Drehbewegung von 22,5°.
• soll helfen, die Antriebsbedingungen, insbesondere den benötigten Krafteintrag in eine erfindungsgemäße Anordnung zu analysieren, insbesondere die Drehmomentanforderungen an den Primärantrieb, der die Antriebs-Magnete antreibt, und definiert damit einen Teil der Einstellbedingungen für die Antriebs-Magnete.
• und b zeigen weitere Beispiele von erfindungsgemäßen Antrieben durch Variation der Anzahl der Magnete im Rotor und/oder der Anzahl der Antriebsmagnete im Stator auf der Außenwand.
• hilft die Zahnrad-Analogie für einen erfindungsgemäßen Antrieb darzustellen.
• zeigt die Entwicklung eines Linearantriebs durch Abbildung eines erfindungsgemäßen Rotorantriebs auf eine lineare Struktur.
• stellt eine erfindungsgemäße Mehrfach-Antriebsanordnung dar. Antriebs-Magnete sind in den Kreuzungspunkten einer Matrix angeordnet, die Rotoren in den Zwischenräumen antreiben. 1 zeigt das Konstruktionsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Antriebs mit zwei Rotoren für ein oder zwei Probenröhrchen, durch das die Matrixanordnung der 0 funktionell einfacher nachvollziehbar dargestellt werden kann.
• 2 zeigt, wie ein erfindungsgemäßer Antrieb bei einem längeren Gefäß, z.B. einem Rohr, eingesetzt werden kann, indem der Antrieb mit einer Zangenbewegung das Rohr umschließt. zeigt als weiteres Anwendungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemäßen Antriebs einen Antrieb für eine Transportschraube innerhalb eines Rohres für eine Verdampfereinrichtung.

The invention is to be explained with reference to the attached figures:

• represents two drive forms of magnetic stirrers in relation to the state of the art, which can have a comparable rotor-stator relationship.
• shows, as an example of a drive according to the invention, a stator with four external drive magnets and shows, for the basic sequence of states of this drive according to the invention, the field that would act on a rotor inside.
• shows a stator as a further example of a drive according to the invention 16 external drive magnets and an internal bar magnet as a rotor and shows the stages of the movement states after changes in position of 45 ° each.
• shows another example of a drive according to the invention; Here the drive has a stator with eight external drive magnets, an internal bar magnet as a rotor (or a rotor with 2 bar magnets with alternating polarity); Stages of the states of motion are shown after changes in position of 45 ° each;
• shows another example with a stator 16 external drive magnets and 4 internal bar magnets as a rotor with alternating polarity and shows a rotary movement of 22.5 °.
• is intended to help analyze the drive conditions, in particular the required force input into an arrangement according to the invention, in particular the torque requirements for the primary drive that drives the drive magnets, and thus defines part of the setting conditions for the drive magnets.
• and b show further examples of drives according to the invention by varying the number of magnets in the rotor and / or the number of drive magnets in the stator on the outer wall.
• helps to illustrate the gear analogy for a drive according to the invention.
• shows the development of a linear drive by mapping a rotor drive according to the invention onto a linear structure.
• shows a multiple drive arrangement according to the invention. Drive magnets are arranged at the intersection points of a matrix, which drive rotors in the spaces. 1 shows the construction example of a drive according to the invention with two rotors for one or two sample tubes, through which the matrix arrangement of the 0 can be represented functionally more easily and comprehensibly.
• 2 shows how a drive according to the invention can be used in a longer vessel, for example a pipe, in that the drive encloses the pipe with a tong movement. shows, as a further application example of the drive according to the invention, a drive for a transport screw within a tube for an evaporator device.

shows two types of drive types of magnetic stirrers occurring in the laboratory area, which can have geometrically comparable rotor-stator references to the subject of the invention: The rotating stirring body (to be imagined inside a vessel) 2 ) represents the rotor. The axes of rotation ( 1 ) the in and identically designated agitator body ( 2 ) are comparable and are seen here as interior rotors. They rotate around their respective axis of rotation ( 1 ) in the same direction ( 3 ); the magnetic poles of this rotor are indicated with N (for north pole) and S (for south pole).

For pure coil drives ( is activated by a suitable control ( 5 ) of the coils ( 4th ) (which represent the stator seen here in the outer area) generates a rotationally variable magnetic field on which the rotor ( 2 ) and which he can follow. The force that can be transmitted to the rotor is determined by the magnetic field strength generated with the coils of the stator and by the length of the air gap between these coils and the rotor. The problem with this arrangement is that the field energies generated by these coils are almost entirely concentrated in the inevitable air gaps (or in the materials). The generation of a force comparable to that of permanent magnets over the distance between the armature of the coil and the stirring magnet may require very large currents and can generally not unproblematically provide comparable forces (heat) with arrangements in focus here.

For with shown drive for a magnetic stirrer is on the DE102014004705B3 referenced. When driving the DE102014004705B3 are transverse to their axis of rotation ( 18th ) ( 19th ) magnetized drive magnets ( 13 ) ( 14th ) ( 17th ) circular around the axis of rotation ( 1 ) of the stirring magnet arranged around and rotate ( 15th ) ( 16 ) perpendicular to the axis of rotation ( 1 ) of the rotor; this is not the case with the inventive arrangements of this application.

Although not stationary, the drive magnets of these (and also according to the invention) arrangements can be assigned to a stator in the sense of the above definition: A unit that is referred to as a stator with respect to the rotor (stirring magnet) is one that does not rotate (co-or similarly) with respect to the rotor functional unit from which a force (via magnetic fields) is transmitted to the rotor.

This is the case with the inventive arrangements of this application.

The one with the arrangement of the from the drive magnets ( 14th ) on the stirring magnet ( 2 ) transmitted forces can be very large, but in this form cannot, for example, a rotor lying in a (possibly long) tubular vessel ( 2 ) drive.

In order to achieve this, according to the invention the movements of the rotor and the likewise rotating drive magnets are to be placed in a common or in parallel plane (s); as a result, the axes of rotation of the rotor and the axes of rotation of the drive magnets of the stator are mainly located. parallel.

• Bezüglich eines solchen Rotors,
  • - der im Zentrum einer Anordnung liegt,
    • ◯ die als Antriebseinheit für den Rotor zu sehen ist,
    • ◯ die hier aus vier Magneten (20) (21) (22) (23) besteht (und den Stator bildet),
    • ◯ die nicht mit dem Rotor mitrotiert bzw. nicht gleichartig mit dem Rotor rotiert,
    • ◯ die das Innere eines Gefäßes mit dem darin liegenden Rotor umschließt und
    • ◯ von der eine über Magnetfelder vermittelte Antriebskraft auf den Rotor ausgeht, ist die Anordnung der vier Magnete (20) (21) (22) (23) als Stator abzugrenzen und als Stator zu bezeichnen, auch wenn die hier vier Antriebsmagnete (20) (21) (22) (23) dieses Stators selbst alle (in einer gleichen Richtung) um ihre jeweils eigene Rotationsachse rotieren (also selbst nicht still stehen, aber auf einer am Stator fixierten Rotationsachse fest positioniert stehen).

shows schematically the function of a stator of the new drive form according to the invention on a rotor located in the central interior (in not shown; the direction of the arrow ( 26th ) ( 27 ) ( 28 ) ( 29 ) only the field direction of the magnetic field acting on a rotor is shown):

• Regarding such a rotor,
  • - which is in the center of an arrangement,
    • ◯ which can be seen as the drive unit for the rotor,
    • ◯ the four magnets here ( 20th ) ( 21st ) ( 22nd ) ( 23 ) consists (and forms the stator),
    • ◯ which does not rotate with the rotor or does not rotate in the same way with the rotor,
    • ◯ which encloses the inside of a vessel with the rotor inside and
    • ◯ from which a driving force mediated by magnetic fields exerts on the rotor is the arrangement of the four magnets ( 20th ) ( 21st ) ( 22nd ) ( 23 ) as a stator and to designate it as a stator, even if the four drive magnets ( 20th ) ( 21st ) ( 22nd ) ( 23 ) all of this stator itself rotate (in the same direction) around its own rotation axis (i.e. do not stand still, but are firmly positioned on a rotation axis fixed to the stator).

The magnetic field acting on the rotor in the center is shown in each with an arrow ( 26th ) ( 27 ) ( 28 ) ( 29 ) indicated. At the in Orientation of the magnets shown on the left ( 20th ) ( 21st ) ( 22nd ) ( 23 ) results in the field profile of the two magnets above and below ( 20th ) ( 21st ) e.g. the displayed field direction ( 26th ). A rotor magnet would be at this field ( 26th ) so that a pole sequence (NS) - (NS) - (NS) is created from top to bottom with maximum force acting on the rotor. The relative to this field direction ( 26th ) side magnets ( 22nd ) ( 23 ) are (e.g. positively driven by a suitable gear) so that the south poles of the adjacent upper three magnets ( 22nd ) ( 20th ) ( 23 ) lie together in the upper half of the stator arrangement. The north poles of the adjacent lower three magnets ( 22nd ) ( 21st ) ( 23 ) are also together in the lower half of the stator arrangement. From the point of view of the rotor, these areas do not result in individual poles, but to a certain extent pole zones. This additionally supports the force acting on the rotor, because it also supports the magnets ( 22nd ) ( 23 ) form a force-transmitting magnetic circuit with the rotor. The force required to drive the stator magnets is also lower.

If the drive magnets rotate ( 20th ) ( 21st ) ( 22nd ) ( 23 ) the arrangement ( left) with fixed axis of rotation right ( 24 ) around, then the position of the drive magnets ( 20th ) ( 21st ) ( 22nd ) ( 23 ) after a rotation of 90 ° into the position of the arrangement on the right with a field direction also rotated by 90 °, but in the opposite direction, to the left. The north pole of the drive magnet at the very top ( 20th ) ( 25th ) has turned on its right side, the south pole on its left side.

The stator itself did not move.

One can see by comparison that this new position of the drive magnets ( 20th ) ( 21st ) ( 22nd ) ( 23 ) and the position of the above defined pole zones (north or south pole zones) of the field formed in the center ( 27 ) could only have resulted from the fact that the picture of the arrangement left has been rotated a total of 90 ° to the left. The new alignment of the drive magnets results in the new field direction ( 27 ). An internal rotor magnet will move in this new field direction ( 27 ), so it will turn 90 ° compared to the previous situation ( left). The new given field direction ( 27 ) side magnets ( 25th ) are again in such a way that three south poles lie together and three north poles lie together again.

The other representations of the show field orientations ( 28 ) ( 29 ) of the field resulting inside the stator after each further 90 ° rotation of the drive magnets ( 20th ) ( 21st ) ( 22nd ) ( 23 ). You can see: The four drive magnets rotating to the right ( 20th ) ( 21st ) ( 22nd ) ( 23 ) a stator device as defined above generate a counter-clockwise rotating magnetic field inside the arrangement.

A rotor coupled to the magnetic field inside with respect to the stator arrangement defined above executes a rotation which could also result in a comparable manner if gears are assumed instead of the magnets. If instead of the drive magnets ( 20th ) ( 21st ) ( 22nd ) ( 23 ) Gears are used and instead of the magnetic field ( 26th ) ( 27 ) ( 28 ) ( 29 ) coupled rotor also has a gear, then (meshing) gears arranged in this way would have comparable forms of movement and force transmission. The comparison with gears goes far and can be well justified.

As essential to It should also be stated that both the drive magnets of the stator and the driven rotor magnets have parallel axes of rotation or parallel planes of rotation. The rotational movement of the drive magnets in the outer space of a vessel or pipe, for example, is transferred to the rotational movement of the rotor magnet in the inner space by force coupling between magnetic poles.

(Comparably, with a translational or linear drive, the rotational movement of the drive magnets on a linear stator on one side of a wall can be transferred to the linear movement of a moving magnet on a slide on the other side of a wall).

All magnets in the stator move synchronously; If a drive magnet rotates in a certain direction (to the right or to the left) by a certain angle, all magnets of the rotor move synchronously and in the same way by the same angle.

For the drive function, the angular position is important in which the drive magnets, which are rotatably coupled to one another, are located, which is achieved by showing a defined starting position can be specified. Such a starting position is passed through periodically again and again during operation.

• - Die n Antriebsmagnete auf dem Außenkreis können zunächst so angeordnet werden, dass (gedacht) immer der gleiche Pol (Nord- oder Südpol) der Antriebsmagnete vom Zentrum weg nach außen zeigt, aus dieser so nur theoretisch gegebenen Zwischenposition können die Antriebsmagnete dann jeweils um den Winkel 360/n gegenüber dem Vorgänger-Antriebsmagneten weiter in einer Richtung gedreht werden, bis der Kreis vollendet ist.
• - Die n Antriebsmagnete auf dem Außenkreis können konstruktiv so angeordnet werden, dass die n Antriebsmagnete um jeweils einen Winkel 360/n gegenüber dem Vorgänger-Antriebsmagneten in einer Richtung gedreht sind.
• - Die n Antriebsmagnete auf dem Außenkreis können konstruktiv so angeordnet werden, dass sie absolut gesehen gegenüber einem Marker-Magnet (z.B. oberster Magnet) um den Winkel 360/n in einer Richtung gedreht sind.

There are several options for a start position to be defined:

• - The n drive magnets on the outer circle can initially be arranged in such a way that (imagined) the same pole (north or south pole) of the drive magnets always points outwards from the center; from this intermediate position, which is only theoretically given, the drive magnets can then each around the Angle 360 / n can be rotated further in one direction compared to the previous drive magnet until the circle is completed.
• - The n drive magnets on the outer circle can be structurally arranged in such a way that the n drive magnets are each rotated in one direction by an angle 360 / n with respect to the previous drive magnet.
• - The n drive magnets on the outer circle can be structurally arranged in such a way that, viewed in absolute terms, they are rotated by the angle 360 / n in one direction compared to a marker magnet (e.g. top magnet).

In a starting position defined in this way, the drive magnets are now coupled to one another using a suitable technical measure (gear wheels, gears, chains, etc.). From now on, all drive magnets move together synchronously and always at the same time, in the same direction, with the same angular speed.

This represents the stator as a whole. The specific structure of the stator is not essential for the presentation of the invention and is therefore generally used. also not shown in detail.

provides an example of a drive arrangement according to the invention 16 diametrically magnetized ring magnets lying outside in the stator (shown as circles with one half of the circle as the north pole (black), the other half of the circle as the south pole (white)). The rotation states of all permanent magnets involved in the event are shown after each rotation of the drive magnets (and the rotor magnet) by 45 °. This one 16 external ring magnets (e.g. ( 30th ) ( 31 ) ( 32 )) represent the stator of the drive or the arrangement as defined above; the internal bar magnet ( 33 ) ( 34 ) ( 35 ) ( 36 ) represents the rotor. The axes of rotation of all magnets are parallel and are perpendicular to the plane of the paper; the plane of rotation is the same for all magnets. top left defines the start position.

Only the principle of the inventive idea is shown. The guidance of the magnets, i.e. no mounting or fixing of the rotational axes, e.g. by means of axes, ball bearings, etc., and also not the rotational coupling of the drive magnets with one another, e.g. by a gear unit, a chain or toothed belt train, etc., are therefore not shown.

The centers of the circles through which the axes of rotation of the external drive magnets (eg diametrically magnetized ring magnets) pass lie on a circle (not shown) which can enclose a vessel or tube (not shown), for example. One can imagine here that a tube plunging vertically into the plane of the paper drives the rotor (i.e. the bar magnet ( 33 )) so that the rotor ( 33 ) is inside, the drive magnets (e.g. ( 30th ) ( 31 ) ( 32 ) ( 40 ) ( 41 ) ( 42 )) but lie outside this tube.

Between a drive magnet ( 31 ) and the rotor magnet ( 33 ) there are therefore the pipe wall and also air gaps on both sides of the pipe wall. The magnetic fields of the drive magnets ( 30th ) ( 31 ) ( 32 ) ( 40 ) ( 41 ) ( 42 ) the desired force effect on the stator magnet ( 33 ) to have. Between the poles of the permanent magnets ( 33 ) of a rotor (rotor magnets) and the poles of the permanent magnets on the stator (stator magnets, drive magnets) there is a gap of at least a few millimeters to be bridged by magnetic fields for power transmission.

Magnetic poles are in recognizable by a black filling (e.g. for a magnetic north pole) or by an area left white (e.g. for a magnetic south pole). The three upper magnets ( 30th ) ( 31 ) ( 32 ) the representation Top left point with their north pole largely outwards away from the center, the three south poles essentially point in the direction of the north pole of the rotor ( 33 ).

Outwardly, each of these arrangements would be the behave like a permanent magnet: the arrangement of the top left has, for example, an upward north pole and a downward south pole. During operation with rotating drive and rotor magnets, the (assumed effect of the rotor magnet) only seems to extend outwards; From the outside, the effect of a rotating bar magnet (with a belly) can be seen, the orientation of which largely corresponds to the direction of the rotor magnet.

With the one here in Position of the stator drive magnets shown above on the left (e.g. ( 30th ) ( 31 ) ( 32 )) form those with their southern poles mostly inward pointing drive magnets in the upper zone of the arrangement inwardly a "south pole zone" ( 37 ) (highlighted with dashed lines), which have a very large force on the north pole of the rotor magnet ( 33 ) exercises. Likewise, with their north poles pointing inwards, the drive magnets ( 40 ) ( 41 ) ( 42 ) downwards towards the inside, so to speak, a "North Pole zone" ( 38 ) (highlighted with dots), which have a very large force on the south pole of the rotor magnet ( 33 ) exercises.

The NSNS field line sequence from the top drive magnet ( 31 ) via the rotor magnet ( 33 ) further to the lower drive magnet ( 41 ) can exert very large forces on the rotor magnet using modern magnets (eg neodyn magnets). The rotor magnet would (without changing the stator drive magnets) resist moving it out of this position with very great force,

Outwardly, the entire arrangement (i.e. the effect of all magnets seen together) expresses itself like an enlarged overall magnet. Although there is no large-scale rotation of the arrangement, but only small-scale rotations of the drive magnets located on a stator, the overall arrangement behaves in a large-scale like a rotating long, very strong bar magnet. For this reason - as a side note - the target position of the rotor magnet or the rotor can be deduced from a magnetic field sensor located in the outer space. Further consequences are given and useful here.

The distance at which the drive magnets (e.g. ( 31 ) and ( 32 )) are on the circumference of each other on the stator, is important for the design of the drive, since closely adjacent drive magnets can exchange considerable forces with each other. For example, the magnets on top ( 30th ) ( 31 ) ( 32 ) try with great force to adopt a different position than the one shown here (which has been previously set); a mechanical device not shown here (for example a gear made of toothed wheels, toothed belts or chains, etc.) prevents this and keeps all drive magnets shown here in the position shown. The required primary drive drives the 16 Drive magnets in this rotational position, all together and at the same time, all in the same direction (i.e. right or left) and all with the same rotational or angular speed.

However, too great a force between adjacent drive magnets should be avoided; this is analyzed in more detail below; if they are too close together, they may hinder each other.

The respective size of the drive magnets and their number determine the minimum possible circumference of the stator in the case of a distance that may have to be maintained between the drive magnets. In terms of design, it can therefore make sense to arrange the drive magnets, which are always assigned to only one level, possibly also in different levels (possibly in the form of several partial drives). It can also be useful to arrange parts of the stator drive magnets together with some of the rotor magnets in different planes. A drive construction according to the invention can thus be divided into several partial drives in this way, which can also be useful.

The size of the drive magnets can practically range from very large, e.g. magnets in the decimeter range, over centimeters, to the millimeter or submillimeter range that is technically still easily controllable; But also beyond these limits, constructions are conceivable that extend below these areas into molecular and atomic areas. For the time being, this is primarily important for the presentation of the inventive concept. irrelevant.

shows stages of rotor movement after changes in position of 45 degrees each. The axes of rotation of the magnets are all perpendicular to the plane of the drawing, which thus also represents the plane of rotation of the magnets. The rotationally coupled drive magnets on the stator all perform rotary movements simultaneously in the same way at the same speed; the drive magnets all rotate here, for example to the right. The top drive magnet with the starting position shown on the top left ( 31 ) first moves to position ( 43 ) over the illustration to the right of it, after another 45 ° turn into position ( 44 ) and further in the position ( 45 ) over.

You can see: After the first 45 ° rotation to the right, the entire representation of the arrangement of the changed to the arrangement on the left. The positions of the drive magnets (ie the position of the axes of rotation) on the stator have of course not changed. The easiest way to interpret the effect is to move from one of the representations to the arrangement shown on the left and imagine that the entire arrangement has been rotated 45 ° to the left. In addition, it can also be seen that the overall arrangement appears to have rotated around the respective angle of rotation like a large magnet. The rotation of the drive magnets through a defined angle to the right has one here Rotation of the rotor magnet by this angle to the left results.

Seen from the outside, with such an arrangement, one can infer the nominal position of the inner magnet (the rotor), but from the outer field - which seems to correspond to a bar magnet - nothing can say anything about the underlying mechanism inside.

After another 45 ° rotation, the rotor magnet is finally also rotated by 90 °. The North Pole ( 38 ) or south pole zones ( 37 ) of the The top left is no longer available, but the drive magnets turned to the right have created new magnetic poles, which now create new north pole ( 39 ) or south pole zones ( 49 ) fix the rotor magnet with a new position and great force. shows the sequence of movements for a full turn of the stator drive magnets to the right with the resulting full turn of the rotor magnet to the left.

shows another example of a drive according to the invention: Here the drive has a stator with eight external drive magnets and an internal bar magnet ( 51 ) as a rotor (alternatively you can see a rotor with 2 bar magnets with alternating polarity); Stages of the states of motion are shown again after changes in position of 45 ° each. These shows (to analyze the possibilities of the drives according to the invention) only one opposite halved number of drive magnets.

A single bar magnet ( 51 ) as a rotor can be understood as a special case of a rotor with two (as an even number) centrally joined bar magnets with alternating polarity of the two bar magnets pointing outwards. These two bar magnets divide the circumference into two and thus the circumference into sections of 180 °, the eight drive magnets divide the circumference into eight equal sections of 45 ° each. Alternatively: Two consecutive poles of the same name of the rotor (here only available once) divide the circumference by one and thus divide the circumference into sections of 360 °, the 8 drive magnets divide the circumference into 8 equal sections of 45 ° each.

As you can see here again: The rotor ( 51 ) in this arrangement moves 45 ° to the left when the drive magnets (all together) have moved 45 ° to the right. As already shown above, one can imagine that the representation of the entire arrangement has been rotated by 45 ° to the left (without the stator actually moving). If you think through this as before, you will see that a complete rotation of the drive magnets by 360 ° to the right results in a complete rotation of the rotor by 360 ° to the left.

The translation of the speed is the same as before with the arrangement of the , but now the drive magnets (e.g. (50) (53) (54)) are further apart. The stability of the position of the rotor or the development of force through the magnetic field of the drive magnets ( 50 ) (53) (54) on the rotor magnets ( 51 ) are basically only two drive magnets ( 50 ) (52) even though the NSN pole sequence of the magnets ( 50 ) (51) (52) largely the same as in is. Since fewer drive magnets are involved, the transmitted force is also somewhat smaller.

Something else can also be seen in the approach here: the drive magnets of the and in this lie outside on a stator; these are driven to rotate by a primary drive (not shown). If one mentally reverses the power transmission and imagines a drive for the rotor magnet (the stator magnets are still rotationally coupled, as described), then after a rotation of the rotor ( 33 ) into the position of the rotor ( 34 ) ( ) The magnets on the stator also try to get into the position shown, because this clearly represented the position with the lowest potential energy. As with meshing gears, the direction of force flow can also be reversed under certain conditions.

shows as a further example a stator with 16 external drive magnet and shows a single rotary movement of 22nd , 5 °. The rotor consists of four centrally (65) joined bar magnets ( 67 ) with outwardly changing polarity. Alternatively, it would be possible to combine the four bar magnets centrally so that the poles pointing outwards are all the same.

The poles of the rotor pointing outwards (here with alternating polarity) are considered for the force development.

The number of bar magnets joined together centrally or pointing outwards can be even or odd. Only with an even number of poles can the polarity of the outward-pointing bar magnets alternate; if the number is odd, the polarity of all outward-pointing bar magnets must be the same (either north or south pole). With an even number of poles, the polarity can be the same or alternate

In this arrangement of the The four bar magnets divide the circumference by four and thus divide the circumference into sections of 90 °, the 16 Drive magnets divide the perimeter into 16 same sections of each 22nd , 5 ° on. As can be shown in the same way as before, the rotor of the assembly rotates around 22nd , 5 ° to the left when the drive magnets (all together and uniformly) around 22nd , 5 ° to the right. As stated, one can imagine that the overall arrangement is rotated around 22nd , 5 ° to the left is done to show the right to get.

One can of the arrangement take even more: The four magnets of the rotor with alternating magnetic poles pointing outwards are opposed to four powerfully attractive opposing polarity layers of drive magnets of the stator. The magnetic circles that are formed can be understood to some extent: This is where the left drive magnet ( 66 ) and the left rotor magnet ( 67 ) and also the right drive magnet ( 69 ) and the right rotor magnet (mirror image) power-transmitting opposite; but these places are not part of the same magnetic circuit. The magnetic circuit created by the upper drive magnet ( 63 ) over the rotor ( 65 ) with the right side drive magnet ( 69 ) and an externally guided magnetic field component ( 62 ), the mirror image of the circle on the left-hand side corresponds to that of the rotor magnet ( 67 ) and the drive magnet on the left ( 66 ) running. Compared to the arrangement of the So not only two force-transmitting magnetic pole positions are formed, but four. Overall, therefore, compared to the a connection with double the force or with double the torque. The magnetic circles that are formed no longer run in a straight line, for example from top to bottom. Changing magnetic poles form magnetic circles on a shorter path.

should help to represent drive conditions and requirements on the primary drive qualitatively and shows this at the top left (overall with ( 70 ) denotes) which already for described arrangement with two alternating poles on the rotor (bar magnet ( 82 ) as a rotor) with eight external drive magnets on the stator. The function of the stator arrangement can be better analyzed if small bar magnets are shown instead of the drive magnets shown in a circle (which is done assuming diametrically magnetized ring magnets). For orientation purposes this with circles ( 73 ) a possible stator construction indicated, which the drive magnets ( 76 ) ( 75 ) and on which the drive magnets ( 76 ) ( 75 ) ( 78 ) move in a rotating manner.

• Überlässt man die Antriebsmagnete sich selbst, dann würden sich diese (ohne Rotormagnet) etwa so einstellen, wie das in rechts oben (71) zu sehen ist: Die Antriebsmagnete würden eine Nord-Süd-Nord-Polabfolge auf kürzestem Weg entlang eines Kreises auf dem Stator ausbilden (71); der Nordpol eines jeden Magneten (72) (73) (74) würde auf den Südpol des nächstliegenden Nachbars zeigen, so dass sich alle Magnete im Kreis ausrichten. Werden die Antriebsmagnete in diesem Zustand jetzt rotationsgekoppelt (d.h. sie müssten diesen Zustand immer wieder durchlaufen), dann hätte ein primärer Antrieb, der die Antriebsmagnete in Rotation versetzen soll, ein sehr großes Drehmoment dafür bereitzustellen. Alle Magnete würden sich mit großer Kraft gleichzeitig dagegen wehren, aus der Lage (71) herausgedreht zu werden und je näher die Antriebsmagnete dabei benachbart liegen, desto stärker wäre die dafür zu überwindende Kraft. Eine solche Anordnung mit derart eingestellten drehgekoppelten Antriebsmagneten wäre im Sinne der Erfindung sinn- und funktionslos.

How to get in the position and direction of the magnets are correct in the two representations ( 70 ) ( 80 ) match: The drive magnet ( 76 ) in the illustration above ( 70 ) corresponds to the drive magnet ( 75 ) in the figure below ( 80 ); the rotor magnet ( 82 ) in the illustration above ( 70 ) corresponds to the rotor magnet ( 81 ) in the figure below ( 80 ); the otherwise semicircular poles ( 76 ) will be here ( 75 ) represented by small interconnected circles; the pole positions are identically and identically marked (black = north pole, white = south pole), the orientation of the magnets is the same ( 76 ) ( 75 ), the movements can be recognized by comparison. The drive magnets of the stator are rotatably coupled, for example by means of toothed belts, chains or gear wheels (gear), so that all drive magnets always perform the same rotational movement together. The pole positions are now understandable:

• If you left the drive magnets to their own devices, then they would adjust (without the rotor magnet) as shown in top right ( 71 ) can be seen: The drive magnets would form a north-south-north pole sequence on the shortest path along a circle on the stator ( 71 ); the north pole of each magnet ( 72 ) ( 73 ) ( 74 ) would point to the south pole of the closest neighbor, so that all magnets align in a circle. If the drive magnets are now rotationally coupled in this state (ie they would have to go through this state again and again), then a primary drive, which is supposed to set the drive magnets in rotation, would have to provide a very large torque for it. All magnets would defend themselves with great force at the same time, from the position ( 71 ) to be unscrewed and the closer the drive magnets are, the stronger the force to be overcome would be. Such an arrangement with rotationally coupled drive magnets set in this way would be meaningless and functionless within the meaning of the invention.

This does not apply to drive magnets correctly set according to the invention ( 80 ): Here you can see that with the positions of the mutually coupled drive magnets set according to the invention, the force to be overcome by the primary drive is reduced to a minimum. lower line makes it plausible: In Middle (overall with ( 84 ))) drawn lines connect magnetic poles that strongly repel each other due to their proximity: In the upper half, the three south poles of the adjacent magnets ( 77 ) ( 78 ) ( 79 ), in the lower half the three neighboring north poles are particularly pronounced. The one from the right ( 79 ) and left ( 77 ) on the respective middle pole (magnet ( 78 )) forces acting repulsively neutralize each other locally, so that no significant torque will arise from these two repulsive forces on the upper magnet.

The reverse of the middle magnet ( 78 ) forces acting repulsively on the side magnets ( 77 ) ( 79 ) also neutralize each other ( but not locally): The repulsive force directed to the left ( 77 ) causes the magnet located there ( 76 ) a torque acting to the right, the repulsive force directed to the right ( 79 ) causes the magnet located there ( 87 ) a left-hand torque; Even if these forces can be very large in detail, the primary drive would not notice this due to the rotational coupling. The same applies to the repulsive forces of the lower three drive magnets.

And this applies in general: Due to the symmetry of the arrangement, globally all of the roughly equal forces are mutually largely mutually exclusive. cancel. Due to the symmetry of this arrangement according to the invention, no great resistance against the primary drive to turn the drive magnets further is to be expected from the repulsive forces.

In the representation of the bottom right (overall with ( 85 )) the lines drawn connect some of the magnetic poles that are particularly strongly attracted due to their proximity. In the same way as before, one can also see here: In the upper and lower half of the arrangement, the unlike poles of the three adjacent magnets have a strong attractive effect on one another, but neutralize one another due to the recognizable symmetry. The forces that attract the opposite pole of the respective central magnet from the right and left neutralize each other locally, so that no torque arises from these attractive forces on the upper magnet. The reverse forces acting from the opposite pole of the central magnet on the side magnets are also neutralized, because a torque acting to the right is created on one side of the magnet located there and a torque acting to the left on the other. Due to the symmetry of the arrangement (with respect to right-left, but also up-down), one can see again that globally equally large forces cancel each other out. This also applies to other combinations of forces and effects. Such locally and / or globally neutralizing forces may not apply to directly neighboring magnets if they are very close to one another: In right ( 85 ), for example, the strongly attractive forces of the side magnets on the two neighboring magnets compensate each other because the torques caused by them cancel each other out and are not even perceived by the primary drive. However, the effects of unlike poles of the neighboring magnets on each of the two magnets lying laterally here may not be completely balanced; here the forces on both sides could be directed against further turning.

In fact, it can be seen in real versions of the drive according to the invention that the forces to be applied by a primary drive for continuous operation of the drive magnets can be surprisingly small if, according to the invention, the defined starting positions of the drive magnets and defined minimum distances between the drive magnets on the outer circumference the center points of the drive magnets are observed. It must always be seen that this happens through the established equilibrium states; the occurring forces themselves can be very large in individual cases: attractive and / or repulsive forces (e.g. in ( 77 ) ( 79 )) from neighboring magnets ( 86 ) ( 78 ) or ( 78 ) ( 87 ) become very large with a very small distance, even if their effects in the overall arrangement may cancel each other out completely.

and b show further examples of drives according to the invention which can be produced by varying the number of magnets in the rotor and / or by the number of drive magnets in the stator. The starting point of a representation is preferably a situation in which the pole of a rotor magnet ( 94 ) the unlike pole of a drive magnet ( 99 ) directly opposite. The representations of the go from the representations of the characterized in that in the case of a drive with an even number of rotor magnets, the number of drive magnets is halved; In the example of the drive with three outward-facing rotor magnets and 12 drive magnets, the number of drive magnets is reduced to 9 or 6.

A single bar magnet ( 90 ) ( 91 ) as a rotor can be understood as a special case of a rotor with two centrally joined bar magnets of alternating polarity.

Only an even number of rotor magnets ( 90 ) ( 91 ) ( 93 ) allows the outward-pointing magnetic poles to be designed with the same polarity or with alternating polarity. In are with an even number of rotor poles ( 90 ) ( 91 ) ( 93 ) only shown changing polarities. With an odd number of rotor poles ( 92 ) always point the same poles (north or south pole) to the outside.

The bar magnet ( 90 ) ( 91 ) as a rotor with n = 2 outward-pointing poles, divides the circumference from the first pole of one type to the second pole of the same type following the circumference by the factor 1 , So divides (as a special case) the perimeter into sections of 360 °. The rotor ( 92 ) with n = 3 outward pointing (same) poles divides the perimeter into sections from the first pole of one type ( 96 ) to the second pole of the same type following on the circumference ( 97 ); so that divides the perimeter here by the factor 3 in 120 ° sections. The rotor ( 93 ) with n = 6 alternating poles pointing outwards divides the circumference of the first pole of one type ( 94 ) to the second pole of the same type following on the circumference ( 95 ) also by the factor 3 , also divides the perimeter into sections of 120 °.

With regard to this given circular subdivision, the processes involved in the drive process can and will repeat themselves periodically. Conclusion: If a representation is rotated by this subdivision angle, then the representation will generally merge into one another in a self-mapping manner, ie be the same. Through the in such a defined section ( 98 ) arranged drive magnets, the defined section is subdivided again, here e.g. (98) into m = 4 subsections. With this definition, the drive magnets arranged on the stator subdivide the circumference into k = m * n sections. (For the examples of the these are k ₁ = 1 * 8, k ₂ = 1 * 16, k ₃ = 3 * 4, k ₄ = 3 * 4 sections).

Two consecutive poles of the rotor with the same name (only available once in the case of the bar magnet as a rotor) divide the circumference into sections with periodically identical, repetitive situations. The in each section ( 98 ) (at fixed points of rotation on the stator) drive magnets, which perform comparable rotational movements in each section, define subsections, whereby on the one hand the axes of rotation of the drive magnets themselves are defined, on the other hand the one drive magnet ( 100 ) in the position of the other drive magnet ( 101 ) and vice versa would be transferred if the representation in total by a section ( 98 ) would rotate.

This definition circumvents the problem that arises from the fact that the outward-pointing poles can be present in different numbers and with different pole sequences. This means that there is a uniform definition, regardless of how many rotor magnets point outwards and whether the polarity of the successive magnets alternates (n even) or is always the same (n even or odd).

With this representation of the it becomes clear that and how the rotation of the rotor magnets and the stator magnets are related (the stator itself is stationary). The relationship can be defined by various design features.

In general, it can be stated that the section of a circle which is formed by two consecutive poles of the same name on the rotor can be assigned to an associated section on the stator, which can be divided again into m sections, thus finding the positions of the drive magnets, for example become. A configuration defined in this section will be repeated again and again in the following sections (as a special case it may only occur once).

The representation of the reduced compared to the the number of drive magnets. The arrangement at the top left (110) corresponds to one with 4 drive magnets on the stator comparable arrangement that with has already been described; that to what has been said also applies here.

The drive at the top right (111) shows eight drive magnets on the stator. One can clearly see here that the upper drive magnet ( 115 ), the rotor magnet ( 116 ) and the lower drive magnet ( 117 ) form an NSN magnetic pole sequence in which the rotor ( 116 ) can be held with great attractive force. You can also see here very well how the rotor magnet ( 116 ) in this position additionally from repulsive forces from the polarity of the same name of the drive magnets ( 118 ) (119) (120) is held.

The center left arrangement (112) has 6 drive magnets on the stator and 3 outward-facing rotor magnets. One can clearly see here that there is exactly one unlike magnetic drive pole opposite each rotor magnetic pole on the stator in such a way that a maximum force effect from the stator on the rotor can be expected. You can also see here very well how each pole of a rotor magnet ( 122 ) in this position additionally from repulsive forces from the polarity of the same name of the drive magnets ( 121 ) is kept at a distance and thus in stable equilibrium. In addition, one can see from the pole positions that the pole position of the upper drive magnet ( 123 ), which are in the pole position of the drive magnet ( 124 ) should pass at the bottom right, is only reached with one (imaginary) complete revolution of the drive magnet.

The middle right arrangement (113) has 9 drive magnets on the stator and 3 outward-facing rotor magnets ( 127 ) on. It can again be seen that there is exactly one drive magnet on the stator opposite each rotor magnet in such a way that a maximum force effect from the stator on the rotor can be expected; You can also see here that not individual drive magnetic poles act on the pole of the rotor magnet alone, but rather several drive magnets act together on the pole of the rotor magnet: The rotor magnetic pole at the bottom right (127) is an unlike pole of a drive magnet ( 128 ) directly opposite; the strong force that attracts the rotor magnet is also supported by the adjacent drive magnet ( 125 ) (126). That became the mentioned before.

The order Below (114) has 6 drive magnets on the stator and 6 outward-facing rotor magnets with alternating polarity. You can see again that in this position there is exactly one drive magnet on the stator opposite each rotor magnet in such a way that a maximum force effect from the stator on the rotor can be expected (different poles). When the drive magnets on the stator are turned to the right, the overlapping magnetic fields of the drive magnets nevertheless result in a torque transmission that drives the rotor to rotate to the left again. This arrangement has a particularly high holding force in the position shown, so that this arrangement, like a stepping motor, has zones in which the arrangement can be “parked” in a relatively stable manner (holding force).

• In der oberen Darstellungszeile bilden die drei oberen Antriebs-Magnete in der dargestellten Position eine Südpol-Zone (232) und die drei unteren Antriebs-Magnete eine Nordpol-Zone (233) aus, in denen jeweils ein Pol des Rotors (240) wie in einem Potentialtopf zu liegen kommt. Eine solche Pol-Zone wird hier dadurch definiert, dass in diesem Zonen-Bereich eine Überlagerung der Magnetfelder mehrerer Magnet stattfindet, wobei sich eine bestimmte Pol-Art (Nord- oder Südpol) deutlich mehr auswirkt als die andere. Die Pol-Zonen (234) (235) (236), in denen sich gewissermaßen eine „Nordpolzone“ ausbildet und die Pol-Zonen (237) (238) (239), in denen sich gewissermaßen eine „Südpolzone“ ausbildet, werden jeweils durch drei benachbart liegende Antriebsmagnete gemeinsam ausgebildet. Dabei überlappen sich solche Pol-Zonen u.U. (vgl. die Antriebsmagnete der Pol-Zonen (232) und (234) (235)).

Based on a gear analogy can be indicated for a drive according to the invention: Another example of a drive according to the invention: Here are on the stator 12 external drive magnets, rotor is a single internal bar magnet ( 240 ) ( 249 ). Two stages of the states of motion are shown ( 230 ) ( 231 ) after a change in position of 45 °. To the right of these two images (230) (231), the developing magnetic pole zones are highlighted separately in three individual images (with the same rotor-stator representations):

• In the upper line of the illustration, the three upper drive magnets in the position shown form a south pole zone ( 232 ) and the three lower drive magnets a north pole zone ( 233 ), in each of which one pole of the rotor ( 240 ) as it comes to rest in a potential well. Such a pole zone is defined here by the fact that the magnetic fields of several magnets are superimposed in this zone area, with one particular type of pole (north or south pole) having a significantly greater effect than the other. The pole zones ( 234 ) ( 235 ) ( 236 ), in which a "north pole zone" is formed and the pole zones ( 237 ) ( 238 ) ( 239 ), in which a "south pole zone" is formed, as it were, are each formed jointly by three adjacent drive magnets. Such pole zones may overlap (see the drive magnets of the pole zones ( 232 ) and ( 234 ) ( 235 )).

By turning the drive magnets by 90 ° to the right (transition from the upper to the lower line of illustration), the position of the bar magnet rotates ( 240 ) ( 249 ) as a rotor from the position of the above ( 230 ) in the position of below ( 231 ) by 30 ° to the left.

In the lower line of the illustration, three upper drive magnets, now a little more to the left, form a south pole zone in the position shown ( 241 ) and three lower drive magnets on the right-hand side a north pole zone ( 242 ), in each of which one pole of the rotor ( 249 ) as it comes to rest in a potential well. The pole zones ( 243 ) ( 244 ) ( 245 ), in which a "North Pole Zone" is formed and the Pole Zones ( 246 ) ( 247 ) ( 248 ), in which a "south pole zone" is formed, are also formed together again by adjacent drive magnets. Like a comparison of the top and bottom lines of the shows, the positions of the pole zones have rotated to the left.

• zeigt den Entwurf eines Linearantriebs aus den bisher dargestellten Prinzipien einer erfindungsgemäßen Konstruktion: Ein solcher Linearantrieb kann z.B. dadurch entstehen, dass die Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung mit Rotor und Stator mit den dort liegenden Antriebsmagneten, z.B. die Anordnung der , auf eine lineare Struktur abgebildet wird.

If one imagines the pole zones defined in this way, in which the pole of a rotor magnet lies like a charge in a potential well, then the potential well with a magnet pole embedded in it can be seen like a tooth and tooth gap of meshing gears. The resulting analogy is helpful if, for example, the structure of a rotor drive is derived from the to want to map to a linear structure:

• shows the design of a linear drive based on the principles of a construction according to the invention presented so far: Such a linear drive can arise, for example, by showing an arrangement according to the invention with rotor and stator with the drive magnets located there, eg the arrangement of the , is mapped onto a linear structure.

• Die Magnete (54) (50) (53) der entsprechen den Magneten (131) (130) (132) der ; der Magnet (52) wird auf die beiden Magnete (133) und (134) abgebildet (die beiden Magnete (133) und (134) stellen also jeweils den Beginn der Abbildung einer Periode dar). Die so auf die lineare Struktur der abgebildete Reihenfolge wird nach rechts und links periodisch fortgesetzt. Der Magnet (130) steht einem ungleichnamigen Pol (136) gegenüber und bildet eine starke Kraftbindung zu diesem Magnetpol aus. Die Kraftbindungen, die die Pole der beiden Magnete (133) (134) mit einem anderen ungleichnamigen Pol (135) (146) herstellen, entsprechen der Kraftbindung, die der Magnet (52) mit dem Rotormagneten (51) herstellt. Die Magnetpole (135) (136) (146) sind einem Schlitten zuzuordnen, der nicht rotierend, sondern linear angetrieben werden soll. Die Rotationsrichtung der Antriebs-Magnete aus ist die entsprechende Drehrichtung der Antriebs-Magnete in der linearen Struktur der .

If the upper magnet is identified ( 50 ) of the left with the magnet ( 130 ) of the , then the illustration of the circular structure of the on can be quickly understood:

• The magnets ( 54 ) ( 50 ) ( 53 ) of the correspond to the magnets ( 131 ) ( 130 ) ( 132 ) of the ; the magnet ( 52 ) is applied to the two magnets ( 133 ) and ( 134 ) shown (the two magnets ( 133 ) and ( 134 ) represent the beginning of the mapping of a period). The so on the linear structure of the The sequence shown is continued periodically to the right and left. The magnet ( 130 ) stands at an unlike pole ( 136 ) opposite and forms a strong force bond to this magnetic pole. The force bonds that the poles of the two magnets ( 133 ) ( 134 ) with another unlike pole ( 135 ) ( 146 ) correspond to the force binding that the magnet ( 52 ) with the rotor magnet ( 51 ) manufactures. The magnetic poles ( 135 ) ( 136 ) ( 146 ) are to be assigned to a slide that is not rotating, but should be driven linearly. The direction of rotation of the drive magnets is the corresponding direction of rotation of the drive magnets in the linear structure of the .

A second figure is shown with the lower linear structure (which is supposed to form a second single rail for a slide guide for the first figure): The magnet ( 52 ) out corresponds here to the magnet ( 150 ), the magnet ( 55 ) corresponds to the magnet ( 151 ).

The so on the linear structure of the The sequence shown below is continued periodically to the right and left. The magnet ( 154 ) stands at an unlike pole ( 155 ) opposite and forms a strong force bond to this magnetic pole. The force bonds that the poles of the two magnets ( 154 ) ( 153 ) with another unlike pole ( 155 ) ( 147 ) correspond to the force binding that the magnet ( 50 ) with the rotor magnet ( 51 ) manufactures. The magnetic poles ( 155 ) ( 156 ) ( 147 ) are assigned to a slide that is to be driven linearly.

In a comparable way, the pole zones previously defined for rotating arrangements can be used here for the magnet ( 131 ) ( 130 ) ( 132 ) or the magnet ( 151 ) ( 150 ) ( 152 ) be assigned. One of the magnets ( 131 ) ( 130 ) ( 132 ) developed south pole zone ( 157 ) acts on the North Pole ( 136 ) and one of the magnets ( 151 ) ( 150 ) ( 152 ) formed north pole zone ( 158 ) acts on the south pole ( 156 ).

In on the right is shown how the magnetic poles ( 136 ) and ( 156 ) (on the left side of the illustration) can be assigned to a slide (not shown here) by showing and continuing the magnetic circles in space: Both of the illustrations just described form drive-magnet chains lined up linearly one behind the other, each in rotate in one direction (seen from the outside in the direction of the connection axis in the direction of the connection axis on the diametrically magnetized permanent magnets), the top row in one direction ( 148 ), the bottom row in the other direction ( 149 ). This causes the two magnetic poles, e.g. ( 136 ) ( 156 ), both transported to the left.

A bar magnet ( 144 ) realizes e.g. the two magnetic poles ( 136 ) ( 156 ) in 3D space: a partition ( 145 ) separates one with the magnet ( 144 ) connected slide (not shown) by the linearly arranged drive magnets of the two linear structures.

• - In bilden z.B. ein erster Antriebsmagnet (50), der Rotormagnet (51) und ein zweiter Antriebsmagnet (52) einen Teil eines magnetischen Kreises mit einer sehr starken Kraftbeziehung aus.
• - In entspricht diesem Magnetkreisabschnitt vergleichbar die Reihenfolge: erster Antriebsmagnet (130), weitergehend über die beiden Magnetpole (136) (156) und weiter zum zweiten Antriebsmagneten (150).
• - In rechts wird das für einen Schlitten (nicht dargestellt) bzw. für einen mit dem Schlitten verbundenen Bewegt-Magneten (Stabmagnet (144)) weiter konkretisiert: der zu vergleichende Magnetkreis beginnt mit dem ersten Antriebsmagnet (143), der unter der Trennwand (145) hinten liegt, führt über den Nordpol (139) des Stabmagneten (144) entlang des Stabmagneten (144) weiter zum Südpol (137) und von dort weiter über den zweiten Antriebsmagnet (142).

Equivalent force relationships of the rotational structure of the and in the linear structure of the can now be traced through individually displayed NSN sequences of magnetic circles:

• - In form e.g. a first drive magnet ( 50 ), the rotor magnet ( 51 ) and a second drive magnet ( 52 ) part of a magnetic circuit with a very strong force relationship.
• - In the sequence corresponds to this magnetic circuit section: first drive magnet ( 130 ), further over the two magnetic poles ( 136 ) ( 156 ) and on to the second drive magnet ( 150 ).
• - In on the right is that for a slide (not shown) or for a moving magnet connected to the slide (bar magnet ( 144 )) further specified: the magnetic circuit to be compared begins with the first drive magnet ( 143 ) under the partition ( 145 ) lies behind, leads over the North Pole ( 139 ) of the bar magnet ( 144 ) along the bar magnet ( 144 ) further to the South Pole ( 137 ) and from there via the second drive magnet ( 142 ).

For a translational transport ( 159 ) a slide (not shown here) which is connected to the magnet ( 144 ) is connected, the required direction of rotation of the drive magnets can be reproduced in a comparable way: In the two linear structures, the direction of rotation is advantageously just such that a normal axis connection ( 138 ) with two diametrically magnetized ring magnets each ( 140 ) ( 141 ) on the axle endings ensures this is just right. A slide can be used several times with bar magnets ( 144 ) connected at a suitable distance and can therefore be accelerated with great forces. Multiple bar magnets attached to a slide at defined intervals (in the same or in alternating directions) represent the poles ( 135 ) ( 155 ) or. ( 136 ) ( 156 ) or. ( 146 ) ( 147 ).

• stellt eine erfindungsgemäße Mehrfach-Antriebsanordnung in Form einer Matrix dar: Hier sind die Antriebs-Magnete (kreisförmig; Nordpole schwarz gekennzeichnet, z.B. (175) (176) (177) (178)) in den Kreuzungspunkten einer Matrix angeordnet. Rotoren sind hier Stabmagnete (Nordpole sind wieder schwarz gekennzeichnet, z.B. (174)), die als Rührkörper in Rührgefäßen (179), die in den jeweiligen Zellen-Zwischenräumen angeordnet sind und ein Medium rühren. Ein Vergleich mit der Darstellung zur zeigt, dass für jeden Rührmagnet eine vollständige Antriebseinheit mit vier Antriebsmagneten vorliegt, wobei jeder im Inneren der Matrix liegende Antriebsmagnet Teil eines Antriebs von 4 Rührkörpern ist. Es entsteht ein Mehrfach-Antrieb, von dem hier vier Zustände der Bewegungsabfolge gezeigt werden (die Zustandsdarstellungen sind insgesamt bezeichnet mit (170) (171) (172) (173)): Jeweils vier Magnete (175) (176) (177) (178) in den Ecken jeder Einzelzelle bilden eine Antriebsstruktur gemäß für ein Innenraum-Röhrchen (179) aus. Es entsteht für jedes Röhrchen jeweils ein vollständiger Antrieb durch die angrenzenden, in den Zwischenräumen positionierten Magnete (175) (176) (177) (178); die von links nach rechts fortschreitend dargestellten Situationen sind aufeinanderfolgende Zustände jeweils nach einer Drehung der Antriebs-Magnete um 90°. In ersten Zustand (170) liegt z.B. der Magnet (200) oben links in der Anordnung so wie dargestellt. Alle Antriebsmagnete rotieren gemeinsam so, dass nach 90° der Zustand in die Darstellung (171) übergeht und der Magnet (201) oben links jetzt so liegt, wie das die Darstellung (171) zeigt; das geht so weiter, so dass der Magnet oben links nacheinander die gezeigten Lagen (202) und (203) annimmt. Die Funktion jeder dieser Zellen ist mit bereits beschrieben worden.

Finally, some applications of the drive according to the invention with rotating drive magnets on a stator arrangement will be presented:

• represents a multiple drive arrangement according to the invention in the form of a matrix: Here the drive magnets (circular; north poles marked in black, e.g. ( 175 ) ( 176 ) ( 177 ) ( 178 )) arranged at the crossing points of a matrix. The rotors are bar magnets here (north poles are again marked in black, e.g. ( 174 )), which are used as stirring bodies in stirred vessels ( 179 ), which are arranged in the respective cell gaps and stir a medium. A comparison with the illustration for shows that for everyone Stirrer magnet is a complete drive unit with four drive magnets, with each drive magnet located inside the matrix being part of a drive of 4 stirring bodies. A multiple drive is created, of which four states of the sequence of movements are shown here (the state representations are designated as a whole with ( 170 ) ( 171 ) ( 172 ) ( 173 )): Four magnets each ( 175 ) ( 176 ) ( 177 ) ( 178 ) in the corners of each individual cell form a drive structure according to for an indoor tube ( 179 ) out. For each tube, a complete drive is created by the adjacent magnets positioned in the gaps ( 175 ) ( 176 ) ( 177 ) ( 178 ); the situations shown progressively from left to right are successive states after the drive magnets have rotated 90 °. In first state ( 170 ) e.g. the magnet ( 200 ) at the top left in the arrangement as shown. All drive magnets rotate together so that after 90 ° the state is shown in the illustration ( 171 ) passes and the magnet ( 201 ) at the top left is now as shown in the illustration ( 171 ) shows; this continues, so that the magnet at the top left follows the positions shown ( 202 ) and ( 203 ) assumes. The function of each of these cells is with has already been described.

1 shows the construction example of a drive according to the invention for two rotors for one or two sample tubes, which is derived from the matrix arrangement of FIG and can be derived or that the function of the individual cell drives can once again make it clearer: A motor (not shown) drives e.g. a toothed belt ( 166 ), this the drive magnets (160) - (165). The drive magnets transmit a stirring power to the sample tube ( 167 ) ( 168 ) on the rotors lying there. Four drive magnets (160) - (161) - (163) - (164) or (161) - (164) - (162) - (165) each form a cell to. The intermediate roles ( 169 ) are only used to guide the belt, but could themselves be part of a second drive according to the invention, for example to allow two counter-rotating agitators in the sample tube to work against one another.

indicates how a drive according to the invention can be used or attached to a longer vessel, e.g. a pipe: The one around a pipe ( 184 ) functional structure of the is with Left ( 180 ) once again, a technically feasible form with Middle ( 181 ): Of the meshing gears, every second gear in this chain has ( 182 ) ( 183 ) the same direction of rotation required in each case ( 182 ) ( 183 ) and can therefore each with a magnet ( 186 ) ( 187 ) be connected. Since this structure is around the tube with the inner rotor ( 185 ) has to be laid around, the whole structure can be divided into two halves ( 188 ) ( 189 ) can be dismantled and conveniently placed around the pipe, for example using a folding mechanism.

As can be seen, two drives could also be implemented by combining every second gear as a group and assigning a drive.

shows as a further application example of the drive according to the invention a drive for a transport screw (Archimedean screw) ( 190 ) that are inside a pipe ( 191 ) and should be used, for example, for an evaporator device. Such an Archimedean screw ( 190 ), which are on an axis ( 192 ) with bar magnets ( 193 ) at the axle ends (in shown below in isolation), can be inserted into the interior of a tubular vessel ( 191 ) can be inserted, the side ends ( 194 ) can be tightly closed and thus represents the evaporation space. The closed arrangement can be set in rotation as a whole by a drive according to the invention; but it can also just be the arrangement of the Archimedean screw inside the tube ( 191 ) are set in rotation from the outside by a drive according to the invention.

Combinations of such arrangements can also be designed, for example by inserting the Archimedean screw located inside from a first drive according to the invention and the tube itself (for example by means of the closing elements ( 194 ) incorporated magnets) are driven by a second drive according to the invention.

To conclude, it should once again be explicitly pointed out that the primary drive can be of any type. The effect of the drive according to the invention is characterized by the fact that several rotating drive magnets, which are coupled to one another in a specific manner, transmit drive forces with their magnetic fields to rotor or slide magnets. It has been described that a primary drive is necessary for this, and also that this primary drive can be of any type, e.g. an electric, compressed air or hydraulic motor. As also described, the movements of the drive magnets can be made in small or relatively large steps, e.g. in a 22.5 ° grid or finer or coarser (e.g. 45 °, 90 °). If, for example, a stepper motor construction driven by compressed air can rotate the arrangement of drive magnets further by this angle in such a grid (which will take place slowly) then an arrangement according to the invention can also be operated without the need for electrical energy. This considerably expands the application possibilities of drives according to the invention.

The description of the arrangements according to the invention placed largely larger movement spaces in the foreground (generally distances that are greater than are present between at least two drive magnets). With regard to the freedom of movement of the rotor or carriage magnets (and thus the rotors or carriage as a whole), it should be noted that the movements transferred from the drive magnets to the rotor or carriage magnets are very small movement distances (e.g. trembling movements, vibrations, etc.), but also can cover greater distances. In the case of rotational movements, small rotor movements can be achieved by small back and forth movements of the drive magnets, with regard to large movements, the individual rotational movement of the rotor can be extended as required by periodic continuation of the process, as are small translational movements of a slide (e.g. shaking or shaking movements ) possible by small back and forth movements of the drive magnets. However, accelerated movements are limited to the rail sections in which rotating drive magnets are present. In arrangements with a closed rail guide, however, accelerated movements as a periodic continuation of the process of a period can again be of any length. Such larger linear movement distances, i.e. the length over which the drive functions to transmit power to a guided slide, can, for example, have the size of toy systems in living rooms, but could also take on the dimensions of roller coasters in an amusement park. The permanent magnets to be used as drive magnets would be very large in the latter case, but the energy expenditure required for such a drive with other technologies is certainly also.

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent literature cited

• DE 102014004705 B4 [0011, 0012]
• DE 102014004705 B3 [0031]

Claims (11)

Drive with a power transmission through magnetic fields from permanent magnets (50) (52) (53) (54) (55) as drive magnets to at least one permanent magnet (51) as a moving magnet of an element to be driven, for elements of rotating movement (rotors (51 )) and / or elements of translational movement (carriage (144)), characterized in that the permanent magnets (50) (52) (53) (54) (55) / (131) (130) (132) / used as drive magnets (151) (150) (152) are set in rotating motion by a primary drive in such a way that all drive magnets rotate together and synchronously at the same speed. Drive after Claim 1 , characterized in that the rotating drive magnets (50) (52) (53) (54) (55) / (131) (130) (132) / (151) (150) (152) are coupled to one another in a defined rotational position . Drive after Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the axes of rotation of the rotating drive magnets (50) (52) (53) (54) (55) / (131) (130) (132) / (151) (150) (152) defined positions on a stator assigned. Drive after at least one of the Claims 1 to 3 , characterized in that electric motors, pneumatic motors or hydraulic motors are used as the primary drive. Drive after at least one of the Claims 1 to 4th , characterized in that the rotor (122) is formed by centrally attached bar magnets with radially outwardly pointing magnetic poles (127), with n = 2 a single bar magnet (116) being present. Drive after at least one of the Claims 1 to 5 , characterized in that the axes of rotation and the planes of rotation of the drive magnets (50) (52) (53) (54) (55) and the rotor magnet (51) are largely parallel. Drive after at least one of the Claims 1 to 6th , characterized in that the drive magnets (50) (52) (53) (54) (55) previously brought into a defined phase position assignment are rotationally coupled by suitable mechanical arrangements such as chains, belts, gears, gears, etc. Drive after at least one of the Claims 1 to 7th , characterized in that a drive structure with 4 drive magnets (175) (176) (177) (178) is arranged several times and / or repetitively, whereby a drive magnet (175) can act on several stirring bodies (174) at the same time, whereby a multiple drive for several agitators in a matrix structure ( ) is trained. Drive after at least one of the Claims 1 to 8th , characterized in that the drive magnets (50) (52) (53) (54) (55) on a stator for driving the elements of rotating movement (rotors (51)) ( ) to a linear structure ( ) a drive (131) (130) (132) / (151) (150) (152) for elements of translational movement (carriage (144)) and the minimum period of the drive (50) (52) (53) (54 ) (55) of the elements of rotating movement (rotors (51)) to the right and left is continued periodically. Drive after at least one of the Claims 1 to 9 , characterized in that the translational drive for a slide (144) is formed from two parallel linear structures with drive magnets (131) (130) (132) and (151) (150) (152) arranged along the two linear structures, which rotate in a rotationally coupled synchronous manner and at least one bar magnet (144) connected to a slide bridges these two linearly arranged drive structures so that the axes of rotation of the drive magnets and the longitudinal axis of the bar magnet connected to the slide are parallel. Drive after at least one of the Claims 1 to 10 , characterized in that the drive is used to transmit forces and / or torques to driven elements with at least one permanent magnet (51) (144) via partition walls in contaminated or sterile room areas.

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