DE102019000638B3 - Highly efficient high-temperature heat pump for heating and cooling buildings, with a combination of cylindrically arranged heat exchangers, which are located in a heat accumulator and flowed through by a liquid storage medium in such a way that a cylindrical circular movement occurs. - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a highly efficient high-temperature heat pump, comprising an expansion valve (1b), an evaporator (1c), a compressor (1d) and a combination of tubular heat exchangers (4 + 5) connected in series, which are located inside a heat accumulator (11 ) are arranged and which are flowed through by hot refrigerant from the top downwards and are thus heated up strongly. The strongly heated heat exchangers (4 + 5) are flowed around from the outside by a liquid storage medium (10), the storage medium (10) being heated up strongly by the heat given off by the heat exchangers (4 + 5), characterized in that the combination of Heat exchanger (4 + 5) is arranged so that the upper upstream heat exchanger = condenser (4) completely desuperheats and condenses the refrigerant, while the lower downstream heat exchanger = subcooler (5) completely cools the liquefied refrigerant. In the exterior of the heat accumulator (11) according to the invention there is at least one highly efficient speed-controlled charge pump (13), which sucks the storage medium (10) out of the heat accumulator (11) on the intake pipe (12), via a distribution pipe (14) to several curved flow pipes (15 ) pumps, which are arranged inside the heat accumulator (11), that the storage medium (10) is introduced into the accumulator (11) through the curved flow tubes (15) in such a way that the inflowing storage medium (10) tangentially to the internal heat exchanger (4 + 5) flows so that a cylindrical circular movement (16) of the storage medium (10) arises in the heat accumulator (11) and thus the heat transfer between the heat exchangers (4 + 5) and the storage medium (10) is maximized. This arrangement according to the invention in connection with the cylindrical circular movement (16) of the storage medium (10) is referred to by the inventor as a “Coriolis system”.

Description

Highly efficient high-temperature heat pump for heating and cooling buildings, with a combination of cylindrically arranged heat exchangers, which are located in a heat accumulator and flowed through by a liquid storage medium in such a way that a cylindrical circular movement occurs.

Various heat exchanger systems in heat pumps from various inventors and users are known. Heat exchangers for heat pumps are built in many different variants and are offered on the heating market. Some products have arranged the heat exchangers only inside heat stores. Others have arranged the heat exchangers both inside and outside of the heat accumulators and still others have restricted themselves to the arrangement outside of the heat accumulators.

In practice, only a few designers use two or more heat exchangers. In most heat pumps, only one heat exchanger is installed for cost reasons. Then the heat output is greatly reduced, especially in winter, and additional electric heating elements for so-called monoenergetic operation must be switched on. Due to the reduced heat output, additional boilers are often used in so-called bivalent operation. In some constructions, the use of charge pumps is completely dispensed with, and in some, even the use of heat stores or buffer stores is dispensed with entirely. These heat pumps are then particularly inefficient.

In contrast to these defective constructions mentioned, the heat pump according to the invention has a combination of internal heat exchangers in connection with highly efficient speed-controlled charging pumps, distribution pipes located outside the heat accumulator and flow pipes lying inside the heat accumulator, which generate a cylindrical circular movement of the storage medium and thereby an optimal or Ensure maximum heat transfer between the hot refrigerant in the heat exchangers and the cooler storage medium in the heat accumulator and thus lead to a strong improvement in the work figures and the annual work figures of the heat pump. Due to the high efficiency, the heat pump according to the invention does not require any electric heating elements or bivalence operation in winter. The heat pump according to the invention works monovalently in all temperature ranges and can also be switched to cooling in summer if required.

• D1: DE 78 29 577 U1 Speicherbehälter zur Warmwasserbereitung
• D2: DE 102 43 170 A1 Heizungsanlage mit einer Wärmepumpe mit Kältemittelverflüssiger
• D3: DE 92 00 824 U1 Kaltwassereinlaufrohr für Warmwasserspeicher
• D4: US 2 516 093 A Heat Pump Water Heater and Method of Heat Exchange
• D5: DE 31 32 213 A1 Anordnung zur Verbesserung der Leistung insbesondere von Wärmepumpenanlagen

The following documents were used to assess the heat pump according to the invention:

• D1: DE 78 29 577 U1 Storage tank for water heating
• D2: DE 102 43 170 A1 Heating system with a heat pump with a refrigerant condenser
• D3: DE 92 00 824 U1 Cold water inlet pipe for hot water storage
• D4: US 2,516,093 A. Heat Pump Water Heater and Method of Heat Exchange
• D5: DE 31 32 213 A1 Arrangement to improve the performance of heat pump systems in particular

The invention relates to a highly efficient high-temperature heat pump according to the preamble of claim 1.

The invention has for its object to construct a new type of highly efficient high-temperature heat pump for winter heating and summer cooling of buildings. The heat pump should be able to be used for residential buildings as well as for commercial and industrial buildings. It is important not only to use the heat pump in new buildings with underfloor heating at a flow temperature of approx. 35 ° C, but mainly to be able to supply old buildings with radiators with a significantly higher flow temperature of approx. 50 ° C to approx. 70 ° C. No electric heating element should be used in the cold winter. In practice, there are no products on the European heat pump market that have these properties, although statistically most of the buildings are old buildings that require higher flow temperatures and therefore there is a large market.

In order to be able to meet these requirements, the highly efficient high-temperature heat pump according to the invention has a controllable expansion valve, an evaporator, a compressor or compressor and a heat accumulator according to the invention. At least two helically arranged heat exchangers are located in this heat accumulator. The cross section of the heat exchanger is tubular, round or oval.

The task now is to arrange and design the heat exchangers for the heat-emitting refrigerant and the heat-absorbing liquid storage medium so that the upper upstream first heat exchanger = condenser completely heat up the hot gas phase of the refrigerant and at the same time can completely liquefy the refrigerant during the lower downstream second heat exchanger = subcooler can cool the liquefied refrigerant completely and subcool it completely. The supercooling process should be maximized in order to increase or also maximize the efficiency of the heat pump.

The heat exchangers arranged according to the invention are not located outside, as is the case with many other heat pumps, but within a closed heat accumulator, so that no heat losses due to radiant heat can arise.

The goal is to use the heat exchangers, which are arranged almost without loss, to heat, condense and supercool the refrigerant flowing in from the top of the hot gas line to such an extent that there is almost complete temperature compensation between the storage medium and the outflowing refrigerant in the condensate line. In this ideal state, the heat transfer from the two heat exchangers, the condenser and the subcooler, is almost 100 percent.

According to the invention, one or more speed-controlled, highly efficient charge pumps are located outside the heat store, which suck the storage medium out of the heat store through the intake pipes and convey them to the flow pipes via the distribution pipes. According to the invention, a plurality of flow tubes are arranged on the distribution tubes, which can be located both inside and outside the heat store, in such a way that the flow through the flow tubes is as uniform as possible, the flow tubes being shaped or bent in such a way that the inflow direction is tangential to the interior Is directed to heat exchangers in order to flow as directly as possible to the heat exchangers and thereby partially achieve the highest possible flow velocity on the surfaces of the helically arranged heat exchangers.

This creates partially turbulent surface flows in the area of the flow impinging on the heat exchangers. The inflow of the storage medium at the end of the flow tubes leads to a greatly increased heat transfer from the heat-emitting refrigerant in the heat exchangers to the heat-absorbing storage medium when it hits the heat exchanger tangentially.

After the tangentially flowing storage medium flows past the heat exchangers, there is automatically a cylindrical circular movement of the storage medium around the heat exchangers. The direction of rotation is determined by the arrangement of the flow tubes. The flow direction can be either clockwise or counterclockwise. In the exemplary embodiment shown below, the direction of rotation is counterclockwise. This forced rotation automatically results in layers rotating at the same temperature (isotherms). The inventor calls this effect the "Coriolis effect", similar to the resulting eddies of high and low pressure areas on earth.

Since the resulting cylindrical circular movement within the horizontal layers in the heat accumulator is permanently driven by the speed-controlled charge pumps, there is a continuous, laminar, cylindrical circular movement of the storage medium in the entire heat accumulator, although the different layers can have somewhat different speeds. The layers at the level of the flow tubes are the fastest, while the layers next to them rotate a little slower. These different speeds are quite desired by the inventor and in the exemplary embodiment with reference to the 3rd described in detail.

• Durch die permanente zylindrische Drehbewegung des Speichermediums, kommt es zu einem permanenten aktiven Wärmeübergang zwischen den Wärmetauschern und dem Speichermedium.

The arrangement of the heat exchangers and the flow tubes according to the invention has several advantages:

• The permanent cylindrical rotation of the storage medium results in permanent active heat transfer between the heat exchangers and the storage medium.

A temperature stratification in the heat accumulator - hot on top - warm in the middle - cool on the bottom - is retained despite the permanent cylindrical circular movement.

Thanks to the highly efficient speed-controlled charge pumps, the cylindrical circular movement can be accelerated or slowed down almost as desired.

If the heat transfer to the heat exchangers is too low, for example, the charge pumps are accelerated, so that a faster cylindrical circular movement occurs as a result of a faster outflow at the flow tubes and thus the heat transfer can be increased.

If the heat transfer is sufficient, for example, the charge pumps can be slowed down so that the hot = top, warm = middle and cool = bottom stratification in the heat accumulator is increased and thus the temperature spread in the entire heat accumulator is increased.

If, for example, the storage medium in the upper area of the heat accumulator becomes too hot, the speed-controlled charge pumps can be accelerated or brought to maximum speed. The high speed then leads to a reduction in the unintentionally high temperature in the uppermost area of the heat store, because the strong cylindrical circular movement ensures that the storage medium is mixed a little more.

With the help of several temperature sensors arranged on the outer wall of the heat accumulator and with the help of an electronic control, the current temperature distribution - hot at the top - warm in the middle - cool at the bottom - of the storage medium can be measured and evaluated and the speed of the speed-controlled charge pumps according to the operating state or the state of charge of the heat accumulator.

The speed of the compressor or compressor can also be specifically changed using the electronic control. If, for example, the heat generation at the heat exchangers is too high, the speed of the compressor can be reduced. If, for example, the heat generation at the heat exchangers is too low, the speed of the compressor can be increased. If, for example, the temperature in the uppermost area of the heat accumulator is too high, the speed of the compressor can be reduced.

By specifically influencing both the speed-controlled charge pumps and the speed-controlled compressor by means of the electronic control, the state of charge of the heat accumulator or the temperature stratification of the storage medium can be set and maintained very precisely. If, for example, temperature stratification from above 55 ° C, middle 45 ° C and below 35 ° C is desired, this control system can not only achieve this temperature level with the help of the electronic control but also maintain it.

For this purpose, the electronic control has integrated several PID controllers, which can regulate proportionally, integrally and differential. Depending on the operating state of the storage medium, appropriately programmed software decides which control measures are required in the respective situation.

The heat accumulator according to the invention can additionally have a further tubular heat exchanger located inside, in which process water is heated and can be supplied to the taps in the building after the heating. In practice, this heat exchanger will be designed as a stainless steel corrugated tube heat exchanger, with its inlet in the heat accumulator being led directly from the top to the bottom and then helically from the bottom to the top to the outlet. This has the advantage that the cold process water can slowly heat up from bottom to top and can even make a positive contribution to the desired temperature stratification in the heat storage. If a lot of domestic water is drawn, the speed-controlled charge pump can be switched on to support the heat transfer.

If the highly efficient high-temperature heat pump according to the invention is designed as an air / water heat pump, the evaporator, which is located outdoors, will ice up in winter. This is a natural process since the refrigerant must always be significantly colder than the outside air while the heat pump is operating in order to be able to absorb environmental heat from the air. As the evaporator builds up more and more ice over time, this ice has to be defrosted from time to time. For this purpose, a four-way valve, which is located in the refrigerant circuit, is converted so that in this operating state of defrosting, heat is removed from the heat store and is available to the evaporator as defrosting heat. If the evaporator is ice-free again, the four-way valve can switch back to heating and the heat generation can continue. The advantage of the heat pump according to the invention is that the electronically controlled charge pump can be set to 100% output during the defrosting process. This means that the heat exchangers inside the heat accumulator can absorb a lot of heat at this moment and the strongly heated refrigerant can defrost the iced-up evaporator very quickly. This means that the defrosting process can be greatly shortened compared to conventional heat pumps. Another advantage results from the fact that the cold refrigerant heats up from bottom to top during the defrosting process in the heat accumulator and the temperature stratification in the heat accumulator is not reduced or destroyed, but is even increased, since it is cooler, especially in the lower part of the heat accumulator becomes.

One or more heating circulation pumps can be connected to the heat accumulator according to the invention. Depending on their function, these can be equipped with or without a heating mixer. All conceivable water heating systems such as radiators, underfloor heating, wall heating, ceiling heating, heating fans, etc. can be connected to the heating circulation pumps, which are connected to the heat accumulator at different heights. The height of the connection to the heat accumulator depends on desired temperature level of the heating system. For example, one will connect a radiator system further up and a floor heating system further down to heat accumulators in order to tap the desired temperature of the temperature stratification, which corresponds to the flow temperature of the heating system.

The heat pump according to the invention can be switched to cooling in summer. To do this, the electronic control first switches the four-way valve mentioned above to defrosting or cooling. Defrosting in winter is technically and thermodynamically the same function as cooling in summer. In addition, two three-way valves are converted so that cold refrigerant flows through an additional external heat exchanger, the cold refrigerant cooling the storage medium in this heat exchanger and in this operating state the storage medium becoming the cooling medium. In this operating state, the heat accumulator is completely bypassed, so that the hot storage medium in the heat accumulator does not cool down and hot hot water for showering and bathing can be removed from the heat accumulator at any time during the cooling process in summer. The external heat exchanger will usually be a plate heat exchanger, which is started up in the counterflow principle.

In this operating state, the electronic control is set to hot water priority. This means that the heat storage is always heated in heating mode and the building is operated in cooling mode. Because the building itself is a large storage medium, the residents do not notice the switch from heating to cooling and vice versa.

Design example:

The invention is also explained in more detail below with regard to further features and advantages on the basis of the description of an exemplary embodiment and with reference to the attached schematic drawings and the list of reference symbols.

2a and 3rd The attached drawings schematically show a highly efficient high-temperature heat pump heater according to the invention, which in this example is designed as an air / water heat pump, with the corresponding arrangements of the components according to the invention.

The refrigerant of the highly efficient high-temperature air / water heat pump for building heating and domestic water heating according to the invention is removed by a refrigerant evaporator ( 1c) with the help of a fan ( 1f) heated, by a speed-controlled compressor or refrigerant compressor ( 1d) compressed and heated to such an extent that the refrigerant can reach over 100 ° C in winter. The hot refrigerant is then removed using the hot gas line ( 1e ) in the heat accumulator ( 11 ) passed to the primary circuit of the heat exchanger = condenser ( 4th ), which consists of a bare copper tube, to be pumped. The refrigerant flows as a gaseous hot gas into the very large condenser ( 4th ) from above, flows through the helically arranged condenser from top to bottom ( 4th ), is heated and liquefied immediately, whereby the refrigerant cools down so much that it condenses the condenser ( 4th ) as a completely liquefied refrigerant at approx. 55 ° C. That the capacitor ( 4th ) surrounding liquid storage medium ( 10 ) has absorbed the heat of condensation almost completely and almost without loss. The liquefied refrigerant is then in the below the condenser ( 4th ) lying second heat exchanger = subcooler ( 5 ) pumped. The second heat exchanger = subcooler ( 5 ) also consists in this embodiment of a bare copper tube, which, however, has a smaller diameter than the copper tube of the capacitor ( 4th ) having. The also very large designed subcooler ( 5 ) cools down the already liquefied refrigerant and subcools it. The residual heat is extracted from the liquid phase of the refrigerant. That the subcooler ( 5 ) surrounding storage medium ( 10 ) has absorbed the heat almost completely and almost without loss. Now the refrigerant is fed through the condensate line ( 1a ) to the adjustable expansion valve ( 1b ) pumped. Since the liquid refrigerant is already in a strongly supercooled state, e.g. + 30 ° C to the adjustable expansion valve ( 1b) the adjustable expansion valve ( 1b ) Open relatively wide even in winter and let in a lot of refrigerant. The advantage of the strong subcooling of the refrigerant in the subcooler ( 5 ) is that the refrigerant in the cold winter after the expansion valve ( 1b ) can be cooled down to -30 ° C or below. As a result, this highly efficient high-temperature air / water heat pump according to the invention does not require an additional electric heating element in the cold winter, but can be operated monovalently. After the expansion valve ( 1b ) the cold refrigerant gets back into the refrigerant evaporator ( 1c ), in which it can again absorb a lot of heat from the air. The refrigerant then returns to the speed-controlled refrigerant compressor ( 1d ), which compresses the refrigerant again strongly and heats it up a lot and the refrigeration cycle starts again.

The diameters and lengths of the helically wound bare copper tubes of the heat exchangers (4 + 5) depend on the required heat output of the heat pump (module size) or on the previously calculated heating load of the building to be heated.

The storage medium ( 10 ) in the heat storage ( 11 ) is softened heating water in this embodiment, to which a special anti-corrosion agent and a special lubricant for pump lubrication have been added.

Outside the heat storage ( 11 ) is in this embodiment of 3rd only a highly efficient speed-controlled charge pump ( 13 ), which through the intake pipe ( 12th ) the heating water ( 10 ) from the heat storage ( 11 ) sucks in and over the distribution pipe ( 14 ) to the flow pipes ( 15 ) convey. On the distribution pipe ( 14 ), which is outside the heat storage ( 11 ) is not four but six flow tubes in this embodiment ( 15 ) arranged so that volume flows through the flow tubes are as uniform as possible ( 15 ) adjust, whereby the flow tubes ( 15 ) are shaped or bent so that the direction of inflow is tangential to the internal heat exchanger ( 5 ) is directed to the heat exchanger ( 5 ) to flow directly and in doing so partially as high a flow rate as possible on the surface of the helically arranged heat exchange ( 5 ) to reach.

At the respective outlet of the flow tubes ( 15 ), turbulent flows arise, which are wanted at this point. The inflow of the heating water ( 10 ) at the end of the flow tubes ( 15 ) leads to the heat exchanger when it hits tangentially ( 5 ) to a greatly increased heat transfer from the warmer refrigerant in the heat exchanger ( 5 ), to the cooler heating water ( 10 ). After the heating water has flowed in tangentially ( 10 ) on the heat exchanger ( 5 ) has flowed past, there is automatically a cylindrical circular movement of the storage medium ( 10 ) around the heat exchanger ( 5 ) around. The direction of rotation is determined by the arrangement of the flow tubes ( 15 ) specified. The direction of flow was in accordance with this exemplary embodiment 2a selected anti-clockwise. This forced rotation automatically results in layers rotating at the same temperature (isotherms). The inventor calls this effect the "Coriolis effect", similar to the resulting eddies of high and low pressure areas on earth.

In 2 B you can see that the flow direction has been selected clockwise. In principle, the direction of rotation makes no physical difference. However, it is important that the refrigerant in the heat exchangers ( 4th +5) in the heat storage ( 11 ) flows helically from top to bottom, always in the counterflow direction to the selected flow direction ( 16 ) of the heating water ( 10 ) flows. The counterflow principle increases the efficiency of the heat exchangers (4 + 5).

Since the resulting cylindrical circular movement ( 16 ) within the horizontal layers in the heat accumulator ( 11 ) by the speed-controlled charge pump ( 13 ) is permanently driven, there is a continuous and largely laminar, left-turning, cylindrical circular movement of the heating water ( 10 ) in the entire heat storage ( 11 ), whereby the different layers can have somewhat different speeds. In the lower part of the heat storage ( 11 ) the circular movement is logically faster, while it is in the upper part of the heat storage ( 11 ) is getting slower. According to the invention, this is so intended that a particularly high temperature spread in the heat store ( 11 ) can adjust.

1. 1. Es entsteht ein permanenter aktiver Wärmeübergang zwischen den Wärmetauschern (4+5) und dem Heizungswasser (10).
2. 2. Eine Temperaturschichtung im Wärmespeicher (11), oben heiß, in der Mitte warm und unten kühl bleibt trotz der permanenten zylindrischen Kreisbewegung (16) erhalten, da das Heizungswasser in unterschiedlichen Höhen unterschiedliche Dichten aufweist.
3. 3. Durch die drehzahlgeregelte Ladepumpe (13) lässt sich die zylindrische Kreisbewegung (16) stufenlos beschleunigen oder verlangsamen. Ist die Wärmeübertragung am Wärmetauscher (5) beispielsweise zu gering, wird die drehzahlgeregelte Ladepumpe (13) beschleunigt. Dadurch steigt sowohl die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit in den Strömungsrohren (15), als auch die Austrittsgeschwindigkeit am Ende der Strömungsrohre (15) stark an. Durch die starke Strömung wird dem Wärmetauscher (5) mehr Wärme entzogen und die Wärmeübertragung vom Kältemittel auf das Heizungswasser (10) verbessert sich sofort. Ist die Wärmeübertragung anschließend wieder ausreichend, kann die Ladepumpe (13) wieder etwas verlangsamt werden, damit die heiß=oben, warm=Mitte und kühl=unten Schichtung im Wärmespeicher (11) nicht abgebaut wird. Wird beispielsweise das Speichermedium (10) im oberen Bereich des Wärmespeichers (11) mit über 60°C zu heiß und es besteht die Gefahr, dass bei über 60°C vermehrt Kalk im Inneren des Wärmetauschers zur Warmwasserbereitung (20) angelagert wird, kann die drehzahlgeregelte Ladepumpe (13) beschleunigt oder sogar auf die maximale Drehzahl gebracht werden. Die hohe Drehzahl führt dann zu einem maximalen Volumenstrom an den Strömungsrohren (15), zu einer maximalen zylindrischen Kreisbewegung (16) im Wärmespeicher (11), zu einer in dieser Situation gewollten kurzfristigen Vermischung der horizontalen Schichten und somit zu einer Verminderung der ungewollt hohen Temperatur im obersten Bereich des Wärmespeichers (11).
4. 4. Mit Hilfe von mehreren an der Außenwand des Wärmespeichers (11) angeordneten Temperaturfühlern (7a bis 7e) und mit Hilfe einer elektronischen Steuerung (3), kann permanent die momentane Temperaturverteilung des Speichermediums (10) oben heiß, in der Mitte warm und unten kühl ermittelt und ausgewertet werden und die Drehzahl der drehzahlgeregelten Ladepumpe (13) entsprechend des Betriebszustandes bzw. des Ladezustands des Wärmespeichers (11) bedarfsgerecht verändert werden.
5. 5. Durch die elektronische Steuerung (3) kann auch die Drehzahl des Verdichters (1d) gezielt verändert werden. Ist beispielsweise die Wärmeerzeugung an den Wärmetauschern (4+5) zu hoch, kann die Drehzahl des Verdichters (1d) vermindert werden. Ist beispielsweise die Wärmeerzeugung an den Wärmetauschern (4+5) zu niedrig, kann die Drehzahl des Verdichters (1d) erhöht werden. Ist beispielsweise die Temperatur im obersten Bereich des Wärmespeichers (11) zu hoch, kann die Drehzahl des Verdichters (1d) vermindert werden.
6. 6. Durch die gezielte Beeinflussung sowohl der Drehzahl der drehzahlgeregelten Ladepumpe (13) als auch die gezielte Beeinflussung der Drehzahl des Verdichters (1d), kann der Ladezustand des Wärmespeichers (11) bzw. die Temperaturschichtung des Heizungswassers (10) präzise eingestellt werden. Ist beispielsweise eine Temperaturschichtung von oben 55°C, Mitte 45°C und unten 35°C erwünscht, kann durch dieses Regelsystem mit Hilfe der elektronischen Steuerung (3) dieses Temperaturniveau nicht nur erreicht, sondern auch gehalten werden. Die elektronische Steuerung (3) hat zu diesem Zweck mehrere PID Regler integriert, welche proportional, integral und differential regeln können. Eine entsprechend programmierte Software entscheidet je nach Betriebszustand des Heizungswassers (10), welche regeltechnische Maßnahme in der jeweiligen Situation benötigt wird.
7. 7. Es wird in der Praxis versucht, möglichst häufig einen idealen Betriebszustand zu erreichen. Dieser ideale Betriebszustand besteht darin, mit möglichst wenig elektrischer Antriebsleistung des Verdichters (1d) möglichst gut die gewünschte Temperaturschichtung im Wärmespeicher (11), gemessen an den Temperaturfühlern (7a bis 7e), zu erreichen und beizubehalten. Während dieses Betriebszustandes hat die erfindungsgemäße Wärmepumpe im Gegensatz zu handelsüblichen Wärmepumpen Arbeitszahlen zwischen 5 und 9. Dies bedeutet, dass beispielsweise mit einem Kilowatt elektrischer Leistung, zwischen 5 und 9 Kilowatt Wärmeleistung erzeugt werden können.

The arrangement according to the invention thus has several advantages at the same time:

1. 1. There is a permanent active heat transfer between the heat exchangers (4th +5) and the heating water ( 10 ).
2. 2. A temperature stratification in the heat storage ( 11 ), hot at the top, warm in the middle and cool at the bottom despite the permanent cylindrical circular movement ( 16 ) because the heating water has different densities at different heights.
3. 3. Through the speed-controlled charge pump ( 13 ) the cylindrical circular movement ( 16 ) accelerate or slow down continuously. Is the heat transfer at the heat exchanger ( 5 ) too low, for example, the speed-controlled charge pump ( 13 ) accelerated. This increases both the flow velocity in the flow tubes ( 15 ), as well as the exit velocity at the end of the flow tubes ( 15 ) strongly. Due to the strong flow, the heat exchanger ( 5 ) more heat is removed and the heat transfer from the refrigerant to the heating water ( 10 ) improves immediately. If the heat transfer is then sufficient again, the charge pump ( 13 ) are slowed down a bit so that the hot = top, warm = middle and cool = bottom stratification in the heat accumulator ( 11 ) is not broken down. For example, if the storage medium ( 10 ) in the upper area of the heat accumulator ( 11 ) too hot with over 60 ° C and it there is a risk that at more than 60 ° C there will be more lime inside the heat exchanger for hot water preparation ( 20 ) is attached, the speed-controlled charge pump ( 13 ) accelerated or even brought to the maximum speed. The high speed then leads to a maximum volume flow at the flow tubes ( 15 ), to a maximum cylindrical circular movement ( 16 ) in the heat storage ( 11 ), for a short-term mixing of the horizontal layers in this situation and thus for a reduction in the undesirably high temperature in the top area of the heat accumulator ( 11 ).
4. 4. With the help of several on the outer wall of the heat accumulator ( 11 ) arranged temperature sensors ( 7a to 7e) and with the help of an electronic control ( 3rd ), the current temperature distribution of the storage medium ( 10 ) hot at the top, warm in the middle and cool at the bottom and evaluated and the speed of the speed-controlled charge pump ( 13 ) according to the operating state or the state of charge of the heat accumulator ( 11 ) are changed as required.
5. 5. Through the electronic control ( 3rd ) the speed of the compressor ( 1d ) be changed in a targeted manner. For example, is the heat generation on the heat exchangers ( 4th +5) too high, the speed of the compressor ( 1d ) can be reduced. If, for example, the heat generation at the heat exchangers (4 + 5) is too low, the speed of the compressor ( 1d ) increase. For example, if the temperature in the top area of the heat storage ( 11 ) too high, the speed of the compressor ( 1d ) can be reduced.
6. 6. By deliberately influencing both the speed of the speed-controlled charge pump ( 13 ) as well as the targeted influencing of the speed of the compressor ( 1d ), the state of charge of the heat accumulator ( 11 ) or the temperature stratification of the heating water ( 10 ) can be set precisely. If, for example, a temperature stratification from above 55 ° C, middle 45 ° C and below 35 ° C is desired, this control system with the help of the electronic control ( 3rd ) this temperature level is not only reached, but also maintained. The electronic control ( 3rd ) has integrated several PID controllers for this purpose, which can control proportional, integral and differential. Appropriately programmed software decides depending on the operating state of the heating water ( 10 ) which control measures are required in the respective situation.
7. 7. In practice, attempts are made to achieve an ideal operating state as often as possible. This ideal operating state consists of using as little electrical drive power as possible for the compressor ( 1d ) the desired temperature stratification in the heat storage ( 11 ), measured on the temperature sensors ( 7a to 7e) to achieve and maintain. In contrast to commercially available heat pumps, the heat pump according to the invention has working numbers between 5 and 9 during this operating state. This means that, for example, with one kilowatt of electrical power, between 5 and 9 kilowatts of heat power can be generated.

In 3rd you can see another inside tubular heat exchanger ( 20 ), in which cold water is heated. This heat exchanger for domestic water heating ( 20 ) is usually designed as a corrugated stainless steel tube, which is initially stored in the heat store ( 11 ) through the pipe ( 22 ) is led from the top to the bottom and then screwed back up to the top. This has the advantage that the cold process water heats up from the bottom up and through its cooling, which runs from the bottom up, to the temperature stratification in the heat storage ( 11 ) contributes positively. The heated domestic water leaves the heat storage ( 11 ) through the pipe ( 21st ) and then arrives at the respective hot water taps in the building. This heat exchanger for domestic water heating ( 20 ) is relatively long with a length of around 25 meters, so that the heated process water is used to store the heat ( 11 ) on the pipe ( 21st ) leaves at almost the same temperature as the temperature sensor ( 7a ) can be measured. Since the heat storage ( 11 ) with a capacity of 500 liters or 800 liters, for example, can be made relatively large by using the heat exchanger ( 20 ) a relatively large amount of hot water is generated until the heating water ( 10 ) in the heat storage ( 11 ) has cooled down or is exhausted so that the heat pump has to switch on again in order to 10 ) to generate and in the heat storage ( 11 ) to layer. If a lot of hot water is needed in a short time, the speed-controlled charge pump ( 13 ) switched on for a short time and operated at full speed so that the heat transfer between the heating water ( 10 ) and the process water in the heat exchanger ( 20 ) can be increased again.

In 3rd you can recognize one by the heat storage ( 11 ) Heating circulating pump for radiators (top right) ( 25th ). This supplies various radiators, which are located in the rooms of the building to be heated. The heating circulation pump ( 25th ) usually also has a heating mixer, not shown. This can be used to set the desired flow temperature to the radiators.
In the middle right area of the heat accumulator ( 11 ) you can see a heating circulation pump for underfloor heating ( 27 ). This supplies various zones of underfloor heating, which are located in the rooms of the building to be heated. The heating circulation pump ( 27 ) usually also has a heating mixer, not shown. This can be used to set the desired underfloor heating flow temperature. The desired flow temperatures are shown on the electronic control ( 3rd ) by means of a heating curve, e.g. B. 1.0 for radiators and z. B. 0.5 set for floor heating. For this purpose, the outside temperature at the temperature sensor ( 7f ) and the desired flow temperature is measured by the electronic control according to the set heating curve ( 3rd ) calculated.

Since the highly efficient high-temperature heat pump according to the invention is designed as an air / water heat pump in this exemplary embodiment, the evaporator ( 1c ), which is outdoors outside the building. This is a natural process because the refrigerant in the evaporator ( 1c ) is always significantly colder than the outside air during operation of the heat pump in order to be able to absorb environmental heat from the air. Since the evaporator ( 1c ) if more and more ice accumulates in the course of operation, this ice must be defrosted from time to time. For this purpose, a four-way valve, which is located in the refrigerant circuit of the outdoor unit and is not explicitly shown here, is converted so that in this defrost operating state, heat from the heat accumulator ( 11 ) is removed and the evaporator ( 1c ) is available as defrost heat. Is the evaporator ( 1c ) again ice-free, the four-way valve can switch back to heating and the heat generation can continue. The advantage of the heat pump according to the invention is that during the defrosting process, the electronically controlled charge pump ( 13 ) can be set to 100% performance. This causes the heat exchangers (4 + 5) inside the heat accumulator to generate a lot of heat from the heating water ( 10 ) and the strongly heated refrigerant can freeze the iced-up evaporator ( 1c) can defrost very quickly. This means that the defrosting process can be greatly shortened compared to conventional heat pumps. Another advantage arises from the fact that the cold refrigerant is stored in the heat accumulator during the defrosting process ( 11 ) or in the heat exchangers (5 + 4) heated from bottom to top and the temperature stratification in the heat accumulator ( 11 ) is not broken down or destroyed, but is even increased, as it is particularly in the lower part of the heat store ( 11 ) becomes cooler.

In 4th you can see the three-way valve ( 1h ), the three-way valve ( 1g ) and the outside of the heat storage ( 11 ) located refrigerant-water heat exchanger ( 1i ). If the heat pump is to be switched to cooling in summer, the electronic control switches ( 3rd ) First a 4-way valve, not shown, which is located in the outdoor unit of the air / water heat pump for cooling. As a result, the refrigerant runs through the heat pump in the opposite direction. At the same time, the electronic control ( 3rd ) the valves ( 1h) and ( 1g ) so that the refrigerant no longer passes through the heat exchanger ( 4th ) and ( 5 ) flows, but through the external heat exchanger ( 1i) flows, which is cooled in this operating state by the incoming cold refrigerant on the primary side (see flow arrows). On the secondary side, the heat exchanger ( 1i) flowed through heating water, which is cooled by the cold refrigerant and then pumped for cooling purposes, for example by underfloor heating, wall heating, ceiling heating or by a cooling fan. This requires an additional heating circulation pump, not shown, on the secondary side. The cooled heating water absorbs heat in the rooms of the building and conveys it to the heat exchanger ( 1i) where the absorbed heat is released to the cold refrigerant. The cooling circuit is thus closed again.

Reference list

1a

Condensate line

1b

Expansion valve

1c

Evaporator

1d

Compressor = refrigerant compressor

1e

Hot gas pipe

1f

fan

1g

Three-way valve

1h

Three-way valve

1i

Refrigerant-water heat exchanger

3rd

Electronic control

4th

First heat exchanger = condenser

5

Second heat exchanger = subcooler

7a to 7e

Temperature sensor

10th

Storage medium

11

Heat storage

12th

Intake pipe

13

electronically controlled charge pump

14

Manifold

15

Flow pipes

16

cylindrical circular movement (in the direction of the arrow)

20

Heat exchanger for water heating

21

Hot water output

22

Cold water entrance

25th

Heating circulation pump for radiators

27

Heating circulation pump for underfloor heating

Claims (8)

The highly efficient high-temperature heat pump according to the invention has an expansion valve (1b), an evaporator (1c), a compressor (1d), at least one tubular condenser (4) and at least one tubular subcooler (5), with all of these components having refrigerant flowing through them and where a) the upstream tubular condenser (4) is arranged above the downstream tubular subcooler (5) and both heat exchangers (4 + 5) are attached helically within the heat accumulator (11) in a cylindrical shape so that they are separated from a liquid storage medium (10) can be completely flowed around b) wherein one or more speed-controlled charge pumps (13), which are located in the exterior of the heat accumulator (11), suck in the storage medium (10) via the intake pipes (12) and in via the distribution pipes (14) and the flow pipes (15) let the heat accumulator (11) flow in, c) the storage medium (10) being directed tangentially directly from the flow tubes (15) to the tubular heat exchangers (4 + 5), d) where turbulent flows arise on the surface of the heat exchangers (4 + 5), which greatly improve the heat transfer from the hotter heat exchangers (4 + 5) to the cooler storage medium (10), e) a cylindrical circular movement (16) of the storage medium (10) occurring within the heat store (11) after the tangential inflow, f) in addition, due to the directional inflow of the storage medium (10), different heat layers of the storage medium (10) form in the entire heat store (11), which both perform circular movements at different speeds and have different temperatures, g) wherein the speed-controlled charge pumps (13) can be controlled in their speed by an electronic control (3) so that both the flow velocity in the flow tubes (15), the outflow velocity at the end of the flow tubes (15) and thus the layered cylindrical circular movements (16) can be accelerated or slowed down, h) whereby by the temperature sensors (7a) to (7e), which are attached from top to bottom of the heat accumulator (11), the temperature stratification from top to bottom in the heat accumulator (11) can be measured continuously and by means of the electronic control (3) several PID controllers and software programmed for this purpose, i) whether for the purpose of optimal heat transfer between the heat exchangers (4 + 5) and the storage medium (10), the speed-controlled charge pumps (13) should run faster or slower, j) whether the compressor (1d) can run slower for the purpose of maximizing the heat pump's performance, k) whether to limit the temperature in the upper region of the heat accumulator (11), the speed-controlled charge pumps (13) can run faster and at the same time the compressor (1d) can run slower, I) whether the heat pump should be stopped after reaching an adjustable shutdown temperature in the heat accumulator (11), m) whether the heat pump should be started again after a cooling phase of the heat accumulator (11) and after falling below an adjustable switch-on temperature, n) depending on the outside temperature, which is measured outside the building to be heated by a further temperature sensor (7f), the compressor (1d) should run slower in the summer and in the winter depending on the season and the current outside temperature. Heat pump after Claim 1 , characterized in that the flow tubes (15) can both be bent to the right as seen from above and thus result in a cylindrical circular movement (16) counterclockwise, and can also be bent to the left as seen from above and thus result in a cylindrical circular movement ( 16) clockwise. Heat pump after Claim 1 , characterized in that only a speed-controlled charge pump (13) with an intake pipe (12), a distribution pipe (14) and any number of flow pipes (15) are used. Heat pump after Claim 1 , characterized in that an even number of flow tubes (15) is used on the distribution tubes (14). Heat pump after Claim 1 , characterized in that the storage medium (10) is introduced centrally into the distribution pipes (14), so that the same number of flow pipes (15) are above and the same number of flow pipes (15) below the charging pump (13) and thus both the arrangement and the inflow is symmetrical. Heat pump after Claim 1 , characterized in that outside the heat accumulator (11) a heating circulation pump (25) for radiators and / or a heating circulation pump (27) for underfloor heating with a return pipe (26) are used. Heat pump after Claim 1 , characterized in that an additional tubular heat exchanger (20) with an inlet for cold water (22) and an outlet for hot water (21) is installed in the interior of the heat accumulator (11) and with the help of the heat exchanger (4 + 5) and the strong heated storage medium (10) hot hot water can be generated and made available to the residents of the building. Heat pump after Claim 1 , characterized in that by switching the three-way valve (1h) and the three-way valve (1g) the heat pump is switched to cooling and the additional refrigerant-water heat exchanger (1i) installed for cooling purposes with cold Refrigerant is flowed through so that the storage medium (10) cooled by this process can be pumped through the building on the secondary side in order to absorb excess heat from the building and to feed this to the heat pump via the refrigerant-water heat exchanger (1i), so that the heat pump heat to be dissipated to the environment with the help of the evaporator (1c) and the fan (1f).

Images