DE102018204381A1 - Battery system and method for controlling or regulating a battery system - Google Patents
Battery system and method for controlling or regulating a battery system Download PDFInfo
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- DE102018204381A1 DE102018204381A1 DE102018204381.7A DE102018204381A DE102018204381A1 DE 102018204381 A1 DE102018204381 A1 DE 102018204381A1 DE 102018204381 A DE102018204381 A DE 102018204381A DE 102018204381 A1 DE102018204381 A1 DE 102018204381A1
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- battery system
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/00309—Overheat or overtemperature protection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/443—Methods for charging or discharging in response to temperature
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/569—Constructional details of current conducting connections for detecting conditions inside cells or batteries, e.g. details of voltage sensing terminals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
- H01M50/574—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current
- H01M50/583—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current in response to current, e.g. fuses
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/0031—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using battery or load disconnect circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/007188—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters
- H02J7/007192—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters in response to temperature
- H02J7/007194—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters in response to temperature of the battery
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
- H01M2200/10—Temperature sensitive devices
- H01M2200/103—Fuse
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Batteriesystem (1), umfassend eine Vielzahl von Komponenten, wobei die Komponenten mindestens eine Batteriezellen-Einheit (2), mindestens ein Schaltelement (6), Anschlüsse (7) zum Anschließen von externen Leitungen und ein Batteriemanagement-Steuergerät (8) umfassen, wobei das Batteriemanagement-Steuergerät (8) derart ausgebildet ist, den Strom in oder aus dem Batteriesystem (1) zu regeln oder zu steuern, wobei mindestens einer Komponente ein Temperatursensor (5) zugeordnet ist, wobei Sensordaten (T) des Temperatursensors Temperaturdaten mindestens einer anderen Komponente zu ermitteln oder zu schätzen, mit mindestens einem der anderen Komponente zugeordneten Schwellwert zu vergleichen und bei Überschreitung des Schwellwertes den Strom in oder aus dem Batteriesystem (1) zu reduzieren.The invention relates to a battery system (1) comprising a multiplicity of components, the components comprising at least one battery cell unit (2), at least one switching element (6), connections (7) for connecting external lines and a battery management control unit (8 ), wherein the battery management control unit (8) is designed to regulate or control the current in or out of the battery system (1), wherein at least one component is associated with a temperature sensor (5), wherein sensor data (T) of the temperature sensor Temperature data of at least one other component to determine or estimate to compare with at least one of the other component associated threshold and when exceeding the threshold value to reduce the power in or out of the battery system (1).
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Batteriesystem und ein Verfahren zum Steuern oder Regeln eines Batteriesystems.The invention relates to a battery system and a method for controlling or regulating a battery system.
Batteriesysteme, insbesondere zum Einsatz in Elektro- oder Hybridfahrzeugen, umfassen eine Vielzahl von Komponenten. Eine Komponente ist eine Batteriezellen-Einheit, die eine Vielzahl von Batteriezellen aufweist, die beispielsweise als Li-lonen-Batteriezellen ausgebildet sind. Die Batteriezellen können dabei in Batteriezellen-Module aufgeteilt sein, wobei dann die Gesamtheit der Batteriezellen-Module die Batteriezellen-Einheit bildet. Dabei können die Batteriezellen parallel oder in Reihe geschaltet sein. Auch die Batteriezellen-Module können sowohl parallel als auch in Reihe geschaltet sein. Dabei weisen die Batteriezellen typischerweise Spannungs- und Temperatursensoren auf. Weiter umfasst ein Batteriesystem mindestens ein Schaltelement, das beispielsweise als Schütz oder Halbleiterschalter (z.B. Leistungs-MOSFET) ausgebildet ist. Dabei sind vorzugsweise zwei Schaltelemente vorgesehen, wobei auch gemischte Systeme vorgeschlagen worden sind, wo ein Schaltelement als Relais und das andere Schaltelement als Halbleiterschalter ausgebildet sind. Zusätzlich können Sicherungen und Stromsensoren vorgesehen sein. Weiter weist ein Batteriesystem Anschlüsse zum Anschließen von externen Leitungen auf, wobei die Leitungen auch als Stromschienen ausgebildet sein können. Über diese Leitungen können dann Elemente eines Traktionsnetzes wie beispielsweise ein Wechselrichter an das Batteriesystem angeschlossen werden. Schließlich weist das Batteriesystem ein Batteriemanagement-Steuergerät auf, das den Strom in oder aus dem Batteriesystem regelt oder steuert. Die Aufgaben des Batteriemanagement-Steuergeräts sind unter anderem die elektrische und thermische Überwachung der Batteriezellen, die Bestimmung der elektrischen Leistungsfähigkeit über Ladezustand und Temperatur. Das Batteriemanagement-Steuergerät (BMS) steuert über die Kommunikation mit dem Fahrzeug das nähere Zu- und Abschalten im normalen Fahrbetrieb wie auch ein Fehlerfall (z.B. Crash oder Kurzschluss). Dabei werden derzeit die Mess-, Steuer- und Regelfunktionen primär aus den Spezifikationen und Betriebsgrenzen der Batteriezellen und den Lastkollektiven des Antriebsstrangs abgeleitet.Battery systems, in particular for use in electric or hybrid vehicles, comprise a multiplicity of components. One component is a battery cell unit having a plurality of battery cells, which are formed for example as Li-ion battery cells. The battery cells can be divided into battery cell modules, in which case the entirety of the battery cell modules forms the battery cell unit. The battery cells can be connected in parallel or in series. The battery cell modules can also be connected both in parallel and in series. The battery cells typically have voltage and temperature sensors. Further, a battery system includes at least one switching element configured, for example, as a contactor or semiconductor switch (e.g., power MOSFET). In this case, two switching elements are preferably provided, wherein mixed systems have been proposed, where a switching element as a relay and the other switching element are designed as a semiconductor switch. In addition, fuses and current sensors can be provided. Furthermore, a battery system has connections for connecting external lines, wherein the lines can also be designed as busbars. Elements of a traction network, such as an inverter, can then be connected to the battery system via these lines. Finally, the battery system includes a battery management controller that regulates or controls the power to or from the battery system. The tasks of the battery management control unit include the electrical and thermal monitoring of the battery cells, the determination of the electrical performance via state of charge and temperature. The battery management control unit (BMS) controls via the communication with the vehicle the closer connection and disconnection in normal driving as well as an error case (for example crash or short circuit). Currently, the measurement, control and regulation functions are primarily derived from the specifications and operating limits of the battery cells and the load collectives of the drive train.
Aus der
Aus der
Der Erfindung liegt das technische Problem zugrunde, ein verbessertes Batteriesystem zu schaffen sowie ein entsprechendes Verfahren zum Steuern oder Regeln eines solchen Batteriesystems zur Verfügung zu stellen.The invention is based on the technical problem of providing an improved battery system as well as providing a corresponding method for controlling or regulating such a battery system.
Die Lösung des technischen Problems ergibt sich durch ein Batteriesystem mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 sowie ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 7. Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen.The solution of the technical problem results from a battery system with the features of
Das Batteriesystem umfasst eine Vielzahl von Komponenten, wobei die Komponenten mindestens eine Batteriezellen-Einheit, mindestens ein Schaltelement, Anschlüsse zum Anschließen von externen Leitungen und ein Batteriemanagement-Steuergerät umfassen. Dabei ist das Batteriemanagement-Steuergerät derart ausgebildet, den Strom in oder aus dem Batteriesystem zu regeln oder zu steuern. Weiter ist mindestens einer Komponenten ein Temperatursensor zugeordnet, wobei das Batteriemanagement-Steuergerät derart ausgebildet ist, aus den Sensordaten des Temperatursensors Temperaturdaten mindestens einer anderen Komponente zu ermitteln oder zu schätzen, mit mindestens einem der anderen Komponente zugeordneten Schwellwert zu vergleichen und bei Überschreitung des Schwellwertes den Strom in oder aus dem Batteriesystem zu reduzieren. Hierdurch wird eine Bauteileschutzfunktion für Komponenten mit wenig zusätzlicher Sensorik erreicht. Prinzipiell wäre es möglich, die Temperaturwerte nur aus anderen Parametern wie beispielsweise dem Strom zu schätzen. Derartige Ansätze haben sich aber als zu fehleranfällig erwiesen. Durch wenigstens einen Temperatursensor existiert ein Referenzwert, von dem aus erheblich stabiler die Temperatur anderer Komponenten geschätzt oder ermittelt werden kann. Prinzipiell kann dabei auf die Temperatursensoren der Batteriezellen zurückgegriffen werden. Allerdings ist die Ermittlung bzw. Schätzung aus den Temperaturwerten der Batteriezellen schwierig, da die Batteriezellen eine erheblich größere Wärmekapazität aufweisen als beispielsweise die Anschlüsse.The battery system comprises a plurality of components, wherein the components comprise at least one battery cell unit, at least one switching element, connections for connecting external lines and a battery management control unit. In this case, the battery management control unit is designed to regulate or control the current in or out of the battery system. Furthermore, at least one component is assigned a temperature sensor, wherein the battery management control device is designed in such a way to determine or estimate the temperature data of at least one other component of the sensor data of the temperature sensor, to compare with at least one threshold value assigned to the other component and to reduce the current into or out of the battery system when the threshold value is exceeded. This achieves a component protection function for components with little additional sensor technology. In principle, it would be possible to estimate the temperature values only from other parameters such as the current. Such approaches have proven to be too error prone. By at least one temperature sensor exists a reference value, from which the temperature of other components can be estimated or determined considerably more stable. In principle, the temperature sensors of the battery cells can be used. However, the determination or estimation from the temperature values of the battery cells is difficult because the battery cells have a significantly greater heat capacity than, for example, the terminals.
In einer Ausführungsform weist daher das Batteriesystem einen Stromsensor auf, dem vorzugsweise der Temperatursensor zugeordnet ist. Da dessen Temperaturverhalten sehr ähnlich zu anderen Komponenten wie beispielsweise den Anschlüssen ist, vereinfacht bzw. verbessert dies die Temperaturermittlung bzw. -schätzung.In one embodiment, therefore, the battery system has a current sensor, which is preferably associated with the temperature sensor. Since its temperature behavior is very similar to other components such as the terminals, this simplifies or improves the temperature determination or estimation.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform wird daher die Temperatur der Anschlüsse und/oder des oder der Schaltelemente und/oder einer Sicherung ermittelt oder geschätzt. Wie bereits ausgeführt kann das Schaltelement ein Schütz oder ein Halbleiterschalter sein.In a further embodiment, therefore, the temperature of the terminals and / or the one or more switching elements and / or a fuse is determined or estimated. As already stated, the switching element may be a contactor or a semiconductor switch.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform hat das Batteriemanagement-Steuergerät Lookup-Tabellen oder Offsets abgespeichert, die entweder experimentell oder simulativ ermittelt werden können. Dabei sei angemerkt, dass der Offset sowohl positiv als auch negativ sein kann. Vereinfacht ausgedrückt ist der Offset eine absolute oder prozentuelle Abweichung der Temperatur der anderen Komponente im Vergleich zur Referenz-Temperatur des Temperatursensors. Dabei können auch mehrere parametrisierte Lookup-Tabellen oder Offsets vorgesehen sein, die beispielsweise vom Stromverlauf abhängig sind und/oder aber den Einfluss von Kühleinrichtungen berücksichtigen oder andere Betriebszustände des Fahrzeugs berücksichtigen.In another embodiment, the battery management controller has stored lookup tables or offsets that can be determined either experimentally or simulatively. It should be noted that the offset can be both positive and negative. In simple terms, the offset is an absolute or percentage deviation of the temperature of the other component compared to the reference temperature of the temperature sensor. In this case, a plurality of parameterized lookup tables or offsets may also be provided, which are, for example, dependent on the course of the current and / or take into account the influence of cooling devices or take into account other operating states of the vehicle.
Weiter sei angemerkt, dass die Reduzierung des Stromes wieder rückgängig gemacht wird, wenn ein Schwellwert für die Temperatur unterschritten wird, wobei der Wert der Schwellwerte für die Reduzierung und wieder Anhebung des Stromes unterschiedlich sein können.It should also be noted that the reduction of the current is reversed when a threshold value for the temperature is exceeded, wherein the value of the thresholds for the reduction and again increase of the current may be different.
Vorzugsweise erfolgt die Reduzierung relativ frühzeitig, um so für definierte Zeiträume eine definierte Leistungsentnahme sicherzustellen, ohne dass es wegen der Temperatur der Komponenten zu Schwierigkeiten kommen kann.Preferably, the reduction takes place relatively early, so as to ensure a defined power extraction for defined periods of time, without it being possible for the temperature of the components to cause difficulties.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand eines bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert. Die Figuren zeigen:
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1 ein schematisches Blockschaltbild eines Batteriesystems und -
2 ein Flussdiagramm des Verfahrens.
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1 a schematic block diagram of a battery system and -
2 a flowchart of the method.
In der
Der Temperatursensor
In der
ZITATE ENTHALTEN IN DER BESCHREIBUNG QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION
Diese Liste der vom Anmelder aufgeführten Dokumente wurde automatisiert erzeugt und ist ausschließlich zur besseren Information des Lesers aufgenommen. Die Liste ist nicht Bestandteil der deutschen Patent- bzw. Gebrauchsmusteranmeldung. Das DPMA übernimmt keinerlei Haftung für etwaige Fehler oder Auslassungen.This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.
Zitierte PatentliteraturCited patent literature
- DE 102016100861 A1 [0003]DE 102016100861 A1 [0003]
- DE 102017201076 A1 [0004]DE 102017201076 A1 [0004]
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DE102018204381.7A DE102018204381A1 (en) | 2018-03-22 | 2018-03-22 | Battery system and method for controlling or regulating a battery system |
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DE102018204381.7A DE102018204381A1 (en) | 2018-03-22 | 2018-03-22 | Battery system and method for controlling or regulating a battery system |
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2022006609A3 (en) * | 2020-07-06 | 2022-04-14 | Fill Gesellschaft M.B.H. | Accumulator |
Citations (3)
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DE102012211023A1 (en) * | 2012-06-27 | 2014-01-02 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Battery management system for determination of e.g. current intensity value of lithium-ion battery in electric car, has battery cells connected with terminals, where system determines temperature of contactor to determine threshold value |
DE102016100861A1 (en) | 2015-01-29 | 2016-08-04 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC (n. d. Ges. d. Staates Delaware) | Control of the reduction of the power of a rectifier / inverter module |
DE102017201076A1 (en) | 2016-01-29 | 2017-08-03 | Suzuki Motor Corporation | Device for controlling a vehicle |
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2018
- 2018-03-22 DE DE102018204381.7A patent/DE102018204381A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE102012211023A1 (en) * | 2012-06-27 | 2014-01-02 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Battery management system for determination of e.g. current intensity value of lithium-ion battery in electric car, has battery cells connected with terminals, where system determines temperature of contactor to determine threshold value |
DE102016100861A1 (en) | 2015-01-29 | 2016-08-04 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC (n. d. Ges. d. Staates Delaware) | Control of the reduction of the power of a rectifier / inverter module |
DE102017201076A1 (en) | 2016-01-29 | 2017-08-03 | Suzuki Motor Corporation | Device for controlling a vehicle |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2022006609A3 (en) * | 2020-07-06 | 2022-04-14 | Fill Gesellschaft M.B.H. | Accumulator |
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