DE102018201312A1 - OPTICAL DEVICE - Google Patents

Abstract

In various embodiments, an optical device (100) is provided comprising: a lens (122, 124, 126) having a first image plane (500) and a second image plane (700); at least one radiation source (132, 134, 136) arranged on the object side relative to the lens (122, 124, 126) and arranged to emit electromagnetic radiation; and on the image side to the lens (122, 124, 126), a waveguide structure (140) coupled to a coupling structure (114, 116, 118), wherein the coupling structure (114, 116, 118) is arranged to pass through the lens (122, 124 , 126) emitted electromagnetic radiation (400) of the radiation source (132, 134, 136) in the waveguide structure (140) to deflect; wherein the lens (122, 124, 126) is arranged such that the first image plane (500) is arranged in the coupling structure (114, 116, 118) and the second image plane (700) has a smaller image width than the first image plane (500 ).

Description

In various embodiments, an optical device is provided.

Nowadays, modern lighting devices increasingly use energy-efficient and bright light sources such as LEDs (light emitting diode) or lasers, usually in the form of laser diodes. Under LED is here only the light-emitting semiconductor without converter (phosphor) to understand. Unlike light bulbs, which are thermal radiators, these light sources emit light in a narrow spectral range, making their light nearly monochromatic. One possibility for opening up further spectral ranges consists, for example, in the conversion of light, in which phosphors are irradiated by means of LEDs and / or laser diodes and in turn emit light of a different wavelength. In so-called "remote phosphor" applications, for example, a phosphor layer located at a distance from a light source is usually illuminated (primary radiation) by means of LEDs or laser diodes and in turn emits light of a different color, i. another wavelength distribution (secondary radiation), from. For example, this technique can be used to convert light from blue LEDs to white light by admixing yellow light generated by excitation of a phosphor-containing layer. The phosphors are usually excited by LEDs and / or laser diodes with high light output for emission. The resulting thermal losses are, for example, on the carrier, for example, a sapphire disc dissipate, to avoid overheating and thus too strong thermally induced changes in the optical properties or the destruction of the phosphor.

When using a phosphor, the resulting luminous flux and the resulting luminance can be limited. This is because with an increase in the luminous flux of the primary radiation, the temperature of the phosphor increases and thereby the efficiency of the phosphor decreases, so that from a certain temperature a further increase in the luminous flux of the primary radiation only to increased losses and no longer to an increase in the luminous flux the secondary radiation leads. (This effect is known as thermal quenching.)

As an alternative to light mixing by means of wavelength conversion by a phosphor, lasers of different wavelengths can be used to produce white light.

The object of the invention is to provide an optical device which can efficiently provide a high-luminance mixed light, for example, an intense, for example, white, mixed light.

In various embodiments, an optical device is provided comprising: a lens having a first image plane and a second image plane; at least one radiation source disposed on the object side of the lens and configured to emit electromagnetic radiation; and arranged on the image side relative to the lens, a waveguide structure coupled to a coupling structure, wherein the coupling structure is set up to redirect electromagnetic radiation emitted by the lens into the waveguide structure; wherein the lens is arranged such that the first image plane is arranged in the coupling structure or in the vicinity thereof and the second image plane has a smaller image width than the first image plane.

Illustratively, the lens has an image side and an object side opposite the image side. An object on the object side of the lens is imaged by the lens on the image side. On the object side, the radiation source is arranged. On the image side of the waveguide structure and the coupling structure, and optionally the support structure is arranged.

By means of the optical device, a light mixture can be made possible which does not require a phosphorus (also referred to as converter material or phosphor). Thus, there is no problem with thermal quenching, such as in conventional LARP approaches.

Furthermore, the optical device is arbitrarily scalable. If application-specific higher light flux is required, more radiation sources, such as laser diodes, may be used, or multiple optical devices described may be used as the radiation sources of a parent waveguide structure. For example, a plurality of optical devices are provided, in each of which the electromagnetic radiation of a plurality of radiation sources is guided, the exit surface of which is in each case coupled to the superordinate waveguide structure. This results in an expandable "tree structure".

In various embodiments, a lens with image-wise two different image planes is used. The different image planes on the image side are not different image planes, which are caused by aberrations, for example spherical aberration.

Embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the figures and are explained in more detail below.

• 1 eine schematische Seitenansicht einer optischen Vorrichtung gemäß verschiedenen Ausführungsbeispielen;
• 2 eine schematische Aufsicht auf eine Wellenleiterstruktur gemäß verschiedenen Ausführungsbeispielen;
• 3 eine schematische Seitenansicht einer optischen Vorrichtung gemäß verschiedenen Ausführungsbeispielen;
• 4 eine schematische Seitenansicht einer optischen Vorrichtung gemäß verschiedenen Ausführungsbeispielen;
• 5A, B schematische Seitenansichten einer optischen Vorrichtung gemäß verschiedenen Ausführungsbeispielen;
• 6 eine schematische Seitenansicht einer optischen Vorrichtung gemäß verschiedenen Ausführungsbeispielen;
• 7A, B, C schematische Seitenansichten einer optischen Vorrichtung gemäß verschiedenen Ausführungsbeispielen;
• 8A, B, C Diagramme zu einer optischen Vorrichtung gemäß verschiedenen Ausführungsbeispielen; und
• 9 eine schematische Perspektivansicht eines Strahlenbündels durch eine Linse mit mindestens zwei Bildebenen gemäß verschiedenen Ausführungsbeispielen.

Show it

• 1 a schematic side view of an optical device according to various embodiments;
• 2 a schematic plan view of a waveguide structure according to various embodiments;
• 3 a schematic side view of an optical device according to various embodiments;
• 4 a schematic side view of an optical device according to various embodiments;
• 5A, B schematic side views of an optical device according to various embodiments;
• 6 a schematic side view of an optical device according to various embodiments;
• 7A, B . C schematic side views of an optical device according to various embodiments;
• 8A, B . C Diagrams of an optical device according to various embodiments; and
• 9 a schematic perspective view of a beam through a lens having at least two image planes according to various embodiments.

In the following detailed description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, and in which is shown by way of illustration specific embodiments in which the invention may be practiced. In this regard, directional terminology such as "top", "bottom", "front", "back", "front", "rear", etc. is used with reference to the orientation of the described figure (s). Because components of embodiments can be positioned in a number of different orientations, the directional terminology is illustrative and is in no way limiting. It should be understood that other embodiments may be utilized and structural or logical changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. It should be understood that the features of the various exemplary embodiments described herein may be combined with each other unless specifically stated otherwise. The following detailed description is therefore not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims.

As used herein, the terms "connected," "connected," and "coupled" are used to describe both direct and indirect connection, direct or indirect connection, and direct or indirect coupling. In the figures, identical or similar elements are provided with identical reference numerals, as appropriate.

A waveguide structure, also referred to as a beam conductor, optical fiber, optical fiber, optical fiber or optical fiber, is a conductor for conducting the electromagnetic radiation in various embodiments. These terms also refer to devices whose dimensions (e.g., length, width, and height) are very large relative to the wavelengths of the guided radiation. These terms are also used herein for devices designed to conduct electromagnetic radiation outside the visible spectral range. The waveguide structure is a device which is transmissive to the electromagnetic radiation, for example transparent or at least substantially transparent, and which extends in an elongated extension direction. The beam conduction takes place internally in the waveguide structure due to internal reflection on an outer wall of the waveguide structure, which may also be referred to as an interface, for example due to internal total reflection due to a higher refractive index of the material of the waveguide structure than the medium surrounding the waveguide structure. The waveguide structure may include, for example, plastic such as polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate and / or glass.

1 shows a schematic side view of an optical device 100 according to various embodiments. As in 1 is illustrated, the optical device 100 in various embodiments, a ladder structure 110 , a lens system 120 and an array of radiation sources 130 on. 1 shows an embodiment of an optical device with three lenses 122 . 124 . 126 , three radiation sources 132 . 134 . 136 and three coupling structures 114 . 116 . 118 , However, it is possible in each case a smaller or larger number. For example, an optical device with one, two, four, five or more radiation source (s), coupling structure (s) and / or lens (s).

The ladder structure 110 has a waveguide structure 140 with one or more coupling structures 114 . 116 . 118 on. Optionally, the conductor structure 110 a diffuser 142 and a holding structure 112 on.

The lens system 120 has one or more lenses 122 . 124 . 126 on. With multiple lenses 122 . 124 . 126 For example, the lenses may be different from each other, for example, have different symmetries and / or focal lengths. At least one (first) lens 122 . 124 . 126 of the lens system 120 has on the image side a first image plane and on the image side a second image plane. The first lens 122 . 124 . 126 is arranged such that the image-side first image plane in the coupling structure 114 . 116 . 118 is arranged and the image-side second image plane has a smaller image width than the image-side first image plane, as will be described in more detail below.

Illustratively, a lens has an image side and an object side opposite the image side. An object on the object side of the lens is imaged by the lens on the image side (out of focus due to the two different image planes). On the object side, the radiation source is arranged. On the image side of the waveguide structure and the coupling structure, and optionally the support structure is arranged.

The arrangement of radiation sources 130 has one or more radiation sources 132 134 . 136 , On the object side of the lens (object side) is at least one (first) radiation source configured to emit electromagnetic radiation 132 . 134 . 136 the arrangement of radiation sources 130 arranged.

On the picture side of the lens 122 . 124 . 126 is also one with a coupling structure 114 . 116 . 118 coupled waveguide structure 140 arranged. The coupling structure 114 . 116 . 118 is set up, through the lens 122 . 124 . 126 emitted electromagnetic radiation of the radiation source 132 . 134 . 136 into the waveguide structure 140 redirect. The redirecting happens, for example, through reflection.

The device is clear 100 set up such that a radiation source 132 . 134 . 136 the arrangement of radiation sources 130 , a lens 122 . 124 . 126 of the lens system 120 and a coupling structure 114 . 116 . 118 the ladder structure 110 are assigned, so that electromagnetic radiation of the radiation source is coupled from the radiation source through the lens and the coupling structure in the waveguide structure. As a result, homogenized electromagnetic radiation can be provided in an efficient manner by means of the waveguide structure.

For example, a lens deflects 122 . 124 . 126 the emitted electromagnetic radiation of a laser 132 . 134 . 136 (Radiation sources 132 . 134 . 136 ) on einkoppelnde facets 114 . 116 . 118 (Coupling structures 114 . 116 . 118 ) of a light guide 140 (Waveguide structure 140 ). The facets 114 . 116 . 118 turn the direction of the electromagnetic radiation of the laser 132 . 134 . 136 for example, 90 degrees. In other words, the laser radiation is transmitted through the facets 114 . 116 . 118 diverted. The in the light guide 140 Coupled electromagnetic radiation spreads in the light guide 140 out. This causes a spatial mixture of the coupled electromagnetic radiation.

In various embodiments, the electromagnetic radiation is after leaving the light guide 140 through an exit surface through a diffuser 142 scattered, as described in more detail below. This causes a mixture of the coupled electromagnetic radiation at an angle.

In various embodiments, the radiation source is configured such that the emissive electromagnetic radiation is a visible light. In other words, the optical device 100 may be a light-emitting device 100 his.

In various embodiments, the radiation source is 132 . 134 . 136 a light-emitting semiconductor device, for example, a laser diode.

In various embodiments, the radiation source is 132 . 134 . 136 such that the emissive radiation beam of electromagnetic radiation has a first emission angle in a first direction and a second emission angle that is greater than the first emission angle in a second direction that is perpendicular to the first direction.

For example, laser diodes may have a direction with a wider beam divergence (second beam angle) and a direction with a smaller beam divergence (first beam angle). The smaller beam divergence angle (beam angle) is also referred to as θ_parallel and the wider beam divergence angle is also referred to as θ_ perpendicular. Illustratively, the electromagnetic radiation emitted by laser diodes has a fan-shaped beam profile. For example, 8 is perpendicular to the main direction (elongated extension direction, as in FIG 1 9) of the waveguide structure and 9 is parallel in a plane with the main direction of the waveguide structure.

In various embodiments, at least one lens 124 . 126 . 128 at least two different image planes, as in 9 is illustrated in more detail. This property (the at least two different image planes) may be referred to as axial astigmatism. This makes it possible to focus the extension of a beam passed through one of the lenses in a first direction at one location and to focus the expansion of this beam in a second, to the first vertical, direction at another location. These directions lie in two mutually perpendicular Meridionalebenen this lens. As shown in more detail below, said locations may be at different areas of the optical fiber or a coupling structure coupled thereto. A lens with axial astigmatism and some light rays are shown in the figures, for example.

The axial astigmatism makes it possible to form the waveguide structure narrower than in the case of a rotationally symmetrical beam profile and a rotationally symmetrical lens. Thereby, the luminance of the electromagnetic radiation, which can be coupled out of the waveguide structure, be higher than in the exclusive use of rotationally symmetrical lenses.

In various embodiments, the radiation source is 132 . 134 . 136 arranged such that the emissive electromagnetic radiation is substantially monochromatic.

In various embodiments, the lenses 122 . 124 . 126 of the lens system 120 in each case substantially on the object side, a single object plane, wherein in each case the associated radiation source is arranged in this object plane and on the optical axis.

In various embodiments, at least one of the lenses 122 . 124 . 126 of the lens system, an aspherical lens, for example a lens with axial astigmatism.

In various embodiments, the lens system has an additional lens in addition to the lens having the two different image planes (also referred to as the first lens) 124 . 126 (also referred to as a second lens). Object side to the second lens 124 . 126 is at least one more radiation source 134 . 136 (also referred to as a second radiation source) arranged. The second radiation source is set up to emit an electromagnetic radiation.

Image side to the second lens 124 . 126 the conductor structure has a further coupling structure 116 . 118 (also referred to as a second coupling structure) connected to the waveguide structure 140 is coupled. The second coupling structure 116 . 118 is arranged such that through the second lens 122 . 124 . 126 emitted electromagnetic radiation 400 the second radiation source 134 . 136 into the waveguide structure 140 is diverted.

In various embodiments, the second radiation source is 134 . 136 next to the first radiation source 132 arranged. The second coupling structure 116 . 118 is along the waveguide structure 140 next to the first coupling structure 114 arranged at a distance to this.

In various embodiments, the electromagnetic radiation of the second radiation source differs 134 . 136 in at least one wavelength or wavelength range of the electromagnetic radiation of the first radiation source 132 , Alternatively, the electromagnetic radiation of the second radiation source 134 . 136 essentially equal to the electromagnetic radiation of the first radiation source 132 . 134 . 136 ,

In other words: the radiation sources 132 . 134 . 136 For example, each light emitting diode (LED), for example, laser diodes. In various embodiments, the radiation sources 132 134 . 136 arranged such that they each emit light of different colors, for example, different color locations. For example, a light source is configured to emit a red light (red), a light source is configured to emit a green light (green), and a light source is configured to emit a blue light (blue). Alternatively or additionally, the light sources are arranged to emit a monochromatic light in common, for example blue. Clearly, the blue light of several light sources can be bundled by means of the optical device, so that the waveguide structure can provide a homogeneous, blue light with a higher luminous flux than the respective individual blue light sources.

In various embodiments, the first radiation source 132 , and the at least one second radiation source 134 . 136 arranged on a common carrier.

In one embodiment, at least three radiation sources 132 . 134 . 136 intended. The radiation sources 132 . 134 . 136 are for example laser diodes. In order to be able to decouple a white light from the waveguide structure, one of the laser diodes emits a red light, another a green light and another a blue light. In the waveguide structure 140 a mixture of the red, green and blue light to white light, as more detailed in 8A, B . C is illustrated.

In various embodiments, the second lens is 124 . 126 a spherical lens, such as a condenser lens 124 . 126 , Alternatively, the second lens 124 . 126 an aspherical lens 124 . 126 or a lens with axial astigmatism 124 . 126 , For example, the second lens 122 . 124 . 126 configured to have a first image plane and a second image plane, wherein the first image plane in the second coupling structure 114 . 116 . 118 is arranged and the second image plane has a smaller image width than the first image plane.

In various embodiments, the second lens 122 . 124 . 126 on the object side essentially a single object plane.

In various embodiments, the second lens is 122 . 124 . 126 set up that second image plane 700 essentially in a plane with the second image plane 700 the first lens 122 . 124 . 126 is arranged.

In various embodiments, the image width is the first image plane 500 the first lens 122 different from the image width of the first image plane 500 the second lens 124 . 126 ,

In various embodiments, the optical device 100 a lense array with multiple lenses 122 . 124 . 126 on a common carrier. The first lens 122 and the second lens 124 . 126 may thus be lenses of the multiple lenses of the lens array.

In various embodiments with multiple lenses 122 . 124 . 126 For example, the lenses may be different from one another, for example, have different image widths and / or a different shape, for example, spherical or astigmatic. The coupling structures are arranged offset from one another in height in the waveguide structure. Thereby, the distance between a beam source and the associated coupling structure for each of the beam sources may be different. By means of the different lenses, the above-described arrangement of first and second image plane can be set for each of the beam sources.

For example, a first lens 132 an astigmatic lens, a second lens 134 a spherical lens and a third lens 136 an astigmatic lens whose curvature is different from the curvature of the first lens.

In various embodiments, the conductor pattern has a holding structure 112 on. The waveguide structure 140 is on the support structure 112 educated. In various embodiments, the support structure is 112 at least in the area of the coupling structure between the lens 122 . 124 . 126 and the coupling structure. In various embodiments, the optical device is 100 set up such that emitted electromagnetic radiation 400 the radiation source (s) 132 . 134 . 136 through the lens (s) 122 . 124 . 126 and the support structure 112 by means of the coupling structure (s) in the waveguide structure 140 is coupled.

In various embodiments, the support structure is 112 permeable to electromagnetic radiation of the radiation source 132 . 134 . 136 set up. For example, the holding structure 112 a glass on or is formed from it.

In various embodiments, the second lens is 122 . 124 . 126 set up such that the second image plane 700 in the region of the interface of the waveguide structure 140 with the support structure 112 is arranged.

In various embodiments, the support structure is 112 formed surface and the waveguide structure 140 extends on a flat surface of the support structure 112 , A flat holding structure is, for example, plate-shaped. Accordingly, the support structure may also be referred to as a holding plate.

In various embodiments, the support structure is 112 formed from one piece.

In various embodiments, the support structure is 112 permeable to the electromagnetic radiation of the radiation source 132 . 134 . 136 ,

In various embodiments, the support structure 112 with regard to the electromagnetic radiation of the radiation source (s) 132 . 134 . 136 a refractive index which is smaller than the refractive index of the waveguide structure 140 ,

In various embodiments, the waveguide structure is 140 from one on the support structure 112 formed and etched coating.

In various embodiments, the conductor structure 110 For example, the holding structure 112 , an antireflection coating applied to the surface of the support structure 112 is formed, that of the lens 122 . 124 . 126 is facing.

In various embodiments, the waveguide structure is 140 set such that the distance between the second coupling structure 116 . 118 and the second radiation source 134 . 136 is greater than the distance of the first coupling structure 114 to the first radiation source 132 ,

In various embodiments, the first coupling structure is a facet of the waveguide structure 140 set up or has such.

In various embodiments, the second coupling structure is a second facet of the waveguide structure 140 set up or has such. The second facet is offset to the first facet.

In various embodiments, the waveguide structure is 140 set such that the distance between the second facet and the second radiation source 132 . 134 . 136 is greater than the distance of the first facet to the first radiation source 132 . 134 . 136 ,

In various embodiments, the waveguide structure is 140 permeable to the electromagnetic radiation of the radiation source 132 . 134 . 136 educated.

In various embodiments, the optical device 100 , for example, the ladder structure 110 and a diffuser 142 on. The diffuser is arranged, for example, on the exit surface, which will be described in more detail below. The diffuser 142 is set up, for example, from the exit surface 202 disperse decoupled, electromagnetic radiation.

In various embodiments, the diffuser 142 a structured surface 142 on, the exit surface 202 the waveguide structure 140 is facing.

2 shows a schematic plan view of a waveguide structure according to various embodiments. The others, in 1 Illustrated components of the optical device are shown in FIG 2 omitted for clarity.

From the plan view, an elongate or linear waveguide structure is visible, which is (optionally) formed on a flat holding structure. At one end of the waveguide structure 140 the coupling structures are formed and at the opposite end of the waveguide structure 202 is an exit surface 202 the waveguide structure 140 arranged.

In other words, in various embodiments, the waveguide structure 140 a first end on which the coupling structure is disposed, and a second end having an exit surface 202 for electromagnetic radiation. In various embodiments, the exit surface 202 a mirror-symmetrical area cross-section.

In other words, in various embodiments, the waveguide structure extends 140 in a longitudinal direction and has a width perpendicular to the longitudinal direction ( 502 . 702 - please refer 5B or. 7C ) increasing from the coupling structure along the longitudinal direction.

In other words: in a device 100 with holding structure 112 on which the waveguide structure 140 is formed, the waveguide structure in the plane of the surface of the support structure 112 on which the waveguide structure 140 is formed, a width 502 on.

In various embodiments, the waveguide structure is 140 (viewed from above) formed straight and with a constant width (not illustrated). Alternatively, the waveguide structure 140 one between the coupling structure 114 . 116 . 118 and the exit surface 202 changing width, where in 2 an embodiment with increasing width is illustrated and the broadening is exaggerated. The increasing width of the waveguide structure is a broadening of the cross section of the waveguide structure. This reduces the angle between the beams and the longitudinal or main direction of the waveguide structure. A lying in the plane of the (optional) holding plate radiation angle of the radiation emitted from the exit surface of the light guide radiation is thereby reduced. This is advantageous because the mixture of the radiated radiation through a diffuser downstream of the exit surface is problematic if the emission angle becomes too great, ie the radiation could be mixed insufficiently if the emission angle is too large or if it would cause unnecessarily large backscatter losses.

In various embodiments, the optical device further includes another waveguide structure 140 with a coupling structure, wherein the exit surface 202 the waveguide structure 140 is coupled by means of the coupling structure of the further waveguide structure with the further waveguide structure.

In various embodiments, the conductor structure 110 , For example, the waveguide structure 140 , an antireflective coating on the exit surface 202 is trained. The antireflective coating may be arranged according to a customary embodiment.

3 shows a schematic side view of an optical device according to various Embodiments. 3 FIG. 12 is a schematic side view illustrating the above-described portion of the waveguide structure. FIG 140 with exit surface 202 increased. Also illustrated is an optical diffuser 142 , Illustratively a surface spreader for electromagnetic radiation, with a surface structuring 300 at the exit surface 202 borders. Between the exit surface and the diffuser, in various embodiments, there is an air gap which is large in relation to the wavelengths of the exiting radiation.

In various embodiments, the diffuser 142 as a transparent plate with a, for the guided in the waveguide structure electromagnetic radiation, scattering surface structuring 300 set up. The surface structuring 300 is aligned, for example, in the direction of the exit surface of the waveguide structure.

Alternative to the diffuser plate 142 For example, the exit surface of the waveguide structure is analogous to the surface structuring 300 structured.

4 shows a schematic side view of an optical device according to various embodiments. In 4 is, for example, the beam path of several beams for the coupling of a radiation source 134 emitted electromagnetic radiation 400 through a lens 124 via a faceted coupling structure 116 into the waveguide structure 140 an optical device described above 100 illustrated.

The illustrated lens is, for example, a spherical lens.

In 4 In addition, the deflection of the electromagnetic radiation by means of the coupling structure is illustrated.

5A, B show schematic side views of an optical device according to various embodiments. In 5A is a front view of the waveguide structure illustrated as well as the beam path of the electromagnetic radiation from this line of sight. The line of sight of 5A is perpendicular to the line of sight of 4 , 5A, B can use the same optical device as 4 , but illustrate from different perspectives. In 5A, B the main or longitudinal direction of the waveguide structure extends 140 out of the drawing plane. In 5B is an enlarged section of the 5A illustrated to better illustrate the coupling of the electromagnetic radiation.

In various embodiments, the optical device has one or more rotationally symmetrical lenses which focus electromagnetic radiation of the radiation sources onto a coupling structure, for example a facet of the waveguide structure (first image plane 500 ). The waveguide structure has a width in the case of a rotationally symmetrical lens 502 which is at least as large as the width of the beam of electromagnetic radiation 400 at the position where the beam enters the light pipe. In 5 this is the interface between the support structure and the light guide.

In various embodiments, a narrow waveguide structure, ie, a narrow width waveguide structure, is used 502 , desirable. This causes a higher average luminance of the coupled at the exit surface of the waveguide structure electromagnetic radiation.

6 shows a schematic side view of an optical device 100 according to various embodiments. In 6 is an example of the course of a ray 400 electromagnetic radiation of a radiation source 134 through the optical device 100 described, which corresponds to a described example.

In various embodiments, the waveguide structure 140 a higher refractive index than the support structure 112 , This causes beams of the electromagnetic radiation in the waveguide structure to be completely or substantially wholly at the interface between the waveguide structure 140 and the support structure 112 internally reflected (English: total internal reflection, TIR).

The waveguide structure 140 points between the coupling structure (s) and the exit surface 202 a mixing section in which electromagnetic radiation, for example in space and / or angle, is mixed. The electromagnetic radiation may further be mixed by a diffuser, for example a diffuser plate.

In various embodiments, the waveguide structure, for example, in the mixing section, everywhere the same cross-section. In this case, the electromagnetic radiation of a light beam, which has a small opening angle in this side view, is internally reflected only a few times at the interfaces of the waveguide structure. Due to the small number of reflections, this means that application-specific low color mixing can be set.

In various embodiments, the waveguide structure, for example in the mixing section, has a height that is different from that of the Coupling structure decreases in the direction of the exit surface. In other words, the waveguide structure is tapered, as in the side view in FIG 6 is illustrated. This reduces the height of the cross section of the waveguide structure. As a result, the angle between the beams and the longitudinal or main direction of the waveguide structure is increased. Thus, the beam experiences more reflections in the waveguide structure. In the in 6 illustrated example, the beam is reflected 16 times in the waveguide structure. For comparison, with a waveguide structure without this taper, the beam would only be reflected 5 times.

In other words, in various embodiments, the waveguide structure extends 140 in a longitudinal direction and perpendicular to the longitudinal direction has a height decreasing from the coupling structure along the longitudinal direction. In other words: in a device 100 with holding structure 112 on which the waveguide structure 140 is formed, the waveguide structure is perpendicular to the plane of the surface of the support structure 112 on which the waveguide structure 140 is formed, a height up.

By means of the tapering and increasing the number of reflections, the electromagnetic radiation guided in the waveguide structure can be better mixed. This produces a more homogeneous color or a more homogeneous color distribution of the electromagnetic radiation coupled out from the exit surface of the waveguide structure. In particular, the spatial distribution of the color location on the exit plane and immediately after this is more uniform.

7A, B . C show schematic side views of an optical device according to various embodiments. 7A illustrates a side view 7B a front view and 7C an enlargement of an area of the 7B a described embodiment of an optical device. Furthermore, the beam path of rays of a beam of electromagnetic radiation emitted by a radiation source is illustrated by way of example.

In various embodiments, the optical device has one or more axially astigmatic lenses that focus electromagnetic radiation from the radiation source (s) outside the coupling structure. "Axial astigmatic" means that the rays in the front view ( 7B, C ) to a position other than the rays in the side view ( 7A) be focused.

In other words, in various embodiments, the first and / or second lens is 122 . 124 . 126 arranged such that the second image plane and an image line located therein in the region of the interface of the waveguide structure 140 with the support structure 112 is arranged. The second picture plane 700 is for example at the interface of the waveguide structure 140 with the support structure. Alternatively, the second image plane 700 be in the range of this interface, for example, be spaced from this by a distance. For example, this distance may be up to 10%, 20% or 30% of the distance between the two image planes.

For example, the astigmatic lens (s) have a first image plane lying in the coupling structure (analogous to FIG 5A, B ) and an image line lying in the first image plane, which is an image of the center of the exit surface of the corresponding light source, and a second image plane 700 which has a shorter image width than the first image plane and a second image line lying in the second image plane, which is also an image of the center point of the exit surface of the same source. For example, the second image plane lies on, at or in the region of the interface of the waveguide structure 140 , The waveguide structure may in this case have a smaller width 702 have, as in the case of the first image plane 500 , This causes a higher average luminance of the coupled at the exit surface of the waveguide structure electromagnetic radiation.

In other words, the use of astigmatic lenses may allow a narrower waveguide structure and thus cause a higher average luminance of the electromagnetic radiation coupled out at the exit surface of the waveguide structure.

The astigmatic lens focuses the rays from the side view ( 7A) seen from the coupling structure, for example, the facet, such as a rotationally symmetric lens. In other words, a first image line is focused by the astigmatic lens onto a facet of the waveguide structure, as in FIG 7a is illustrated.

In various embodiments, the astigmatic lens is configured such that in a front view (FIG. 7B, C ) the astigmatic lens does not focus the rays of the front view onto the facet or coupling structure of the waveguide structure. Instead, the electromagnetic radiation is focused, for example, on the entrance surface of the electromagnetic radiation in the waveguide structure. This causes the light guide to be made narrower.

8A, B . C shows diagrams of an optical device according to various embodiments.

In an exemplary embodiment, a first laser diode 132 an optical power of 0.6 W and emits a blue light; a second laser diode 134 has an optical power of 1 W and emits a green light; and a third laser diode 136 has an optical power of 1.6 W and emits a red light.

The coupling structures 114 . 116 . 118 are each set up as facets of the waveguide structure. The facets appear stacked in a front view. The waveguide structure points at the third facet 118 a height of 1.45 mm and a width of 0.2 mm and at the exit surface a height of 0.4 mm and a width of 0.4 mm. The waveguide structure points from the first coupling structure 114 up to the exit surface a length of 85.6 mm. The diffuser has a half width (FWHM) of about 80 ° for normal incidence.

8A illustrated in a Cartesian diagram 800 the light intensity 804 in units of cd depending on the angle 802 the decoupled electromagnetic radiation 806 a cut at 0 °. The distribution shown is essentially rotationally symmetric for other cutting planes. 8B illustrates the light intensity for the same cutting plane in polar representation 810 ,

8C illustrated in a location diagram 830 with the x coordinates 834 and the y coordinates 832 the specific light emission "color-coded" (see scale 804 ) at the light exit surface of the waveguide structure with a cutout 840 along a y Direction and a section 850 along a x -Direction.

The decoupled electromagnetic radiation has a luminous flux of 510 I'm on. The efficiency (decoupled luminous flux / optical laser power) is 159 lm / W. This corresponds to an efficiency of 67.3% for the light mixing of the optical device and is thus much better than in a conventional LARP mixture. The luminance of the decoupled electromagnetic radiation is 1700 Mnits. The chromaticity coordinates of the decoupled electromagnetic radiation are CIE X: 0.32, CIE Y: 0.34.

The weighted average of the color difference du, v 'is 0.0038 on the diffuser plate and 0.0042 on a screen 1 meter away from it. The decoupled electromagnetic radiation thus has a low chromaticity difference or a high color homogeneity.

Furthermore, it has been found that the optical device is relatively tolerant of misalignment of the radiation sources to the lenses. A displacement of the radiation sources by, for example, 50 microns has little negative effect on the performance of the optical device.

9 shows a schematic perspective view of a beam through a lens having at least two image planes according to various embodiments.

In various embodiments, at least one lens 124 . 126 . 128 at least two different image levels. This property (the at least two different image planes) may be referred to as axial astigmatism. This makes it possible, the extension of a beam passed through one of the lenses in a first direction at a first image plane 500 to focus and the extension of this bundle in a second, to the first vertical direction at another, second image plane 700 to focus. These directions lie in two mutually perpendicular Meridionalebenen this lens. In various embodiments, at least one lens 122 . 124 . 126 set up such that the second image plane 700 has a smaller image width than the first image plane 500 ,

Example 1 is an optical device 100 comprising: a lens 122 . 124 . 126 with a first image plane 500 and a second image plane 700 ; at least one object side to the lens 122 . 124 . 126 arranged and arranged for emitting an electromagnetic radiation radiation source 132 . 134 . 136 ; and on the image side to the lens 122 . 124 . 126 arranged, one with a coupling structure 114 . 116 . 118 coupled waveguide structure 140 , wherein the coupling structure 114 . 116 . 118 is set up, through the lens 122 . 124 . 126 emitted electromagnetic radiation 400 the radiation source 132 . 134 . 136 into the waveguide structure 140 redirect; being the lens 122 . 124 . 126 is set up such that the first image plane 500 in the coupling structure 114 . 116 . 118 is arranged and the second image plane 700 has a smaller image width than the first image plane 500 ,

The beam source is, for example, a gas laser, a semiconductor laser, a light-emitting diode or another device providing electromagnetic radiation. By means of the optical device, due to the specific arrangement, the electromagnetic radiation can be coupled into the waveguide structure in a simple manner and the electromagnetic radiation in the waveguide structure can be homogenized or otherwise treated further. The different image levels allow an application-specific Optimization of the design of the shape and the dimension of the waveguide structure.

In example 2, example 1 optionally shows that the radiation source 132 . 134 . 136 is arranged such that the emissive electromagnetic radiation is a visible light.

In Example 3, Example 1 or 2 optionally indicates that the optical device 100 a light-emitting device 100 is.

In Example 4, one of Examples 1 to 3 optionally indicates that the radiation source 132 . 134 . 136 a light-emitting semiconductor device is, for example, a laser diode.

In Example 5, one of Examples 1 to 4 optionally indicates that the radiation source 132 . 134 . 136 is arranged such that the emissive beam of electromagnetic radiation in a first direction has a first emission angle and in a second direction which is perpendicular to the first direction, a second emission angle which is greater than the first emission angle.

In Example 6, one of Examples 1 to 5 optionally indicates that the radiation source 132 . 134 . 136 is arranged such that the emissive electromagnetic radiation is substantially monochromatic.

In Example 7, one of Examples 1 to 6 optionally has that for the lens 122 . 124 . 126 On the object side essentially a single object plane is provided, wherein the radiation source or its exit surface is arranged in this object plane.

In Example 8, one of Examples 1 to 7 optionally has the lens 122 . 124 . 126 an aspherical lens 122 . 124 . 126 is.

In Example 9, one of Examples 1 to 8 optionally includes the lens 122 . 124 . 126 an axially astigmatic lens 122 . 124 . 126 is.

In Example 10, one of Examples 1 to 9 optionally includes: another lens 122 . 124 . 126 and at least one, object side to the other lens 122 . 124 . 126 arranged and arranged for emitting an electromagnetic radiation further radiation source 132 . 134 . 136 ; and on the image side to the other lens 122 . 124 . 126 arranged, another coupling structure 114 . 116 . 118 connected to the waveguide structure 140 is coupled, wherein the further coupling structure 114 . 116 . 118 is set up, through the additional lens 122 . 124 . 126 emitted electromagnetic radiation 400 the further radiation source 132 . 134 . 136 into the waveguide structure 140 redirect.

In example 11, example 10 optionally shows that the further radiation source 132 . 134 . 136 next to the radiation source 132 . 134 . 136 is arranged and the further coupling structure 114 . 116 . 118 along the waveguide structure 140 next to the coupling structure 114 . 116 . 118 is arranged at a distance.

In Example 12, one of Examples 10 or 11 optionally includes that the electromagnetic radiation of the further radiation source 132 . 134 . 136 in at least one wavelength or a wavelength range of the electromagnetic radiation of the radiation source 132 . 134 . 136 different.

In Example 13, one of Examples 10 to 12 optionally has the spectrum of the electromagnetic radiation of the further radiation source 132 . 134 . 136 substantially equal to the spectrum of the electromagnetic radiation of the radiation source 132 . 134 . 136 is.

In Example 14, one of Examples 10 to 13 optionally includes that the radiation source 132 . 134 . 136 and the at least one further radiation source 132 . 134 . 136 are arranged on a common carrier.

In Example 15, one of Examples 10 to 14 optionally indicates that the further lens 122 . 124 . 126 is a spherical lens, such as a condenser lens 122 . 124 . 126 is.

In Example 16, one of Examples 10 to 15 optionally indicates that the further lens 122 . 124 . 126 is set up, a first image plane 500 and a second image plane 700 to show, taking the first image plane 500 in the further coupling structure 114 . 116 . 118 is arranged and the second image plane 700 has a smaller image width than the first image plane 500 ,

In Example 17, one of Examples 1 to 16 optionally indicates that the further lens 122 . 124 . 126 is set up that their second image plane 700 essentially in a plane with the second image plane 700 the lens 122 . 124 . 126 is arranged.

In Example 18, one of Examples 10 to 17 optionally includes that for the further lens 122 . 124 . 126 On the object side essentially a single object plane is provided.

In Example 19, one of Examples 10 to 18 optionally indicates that the further lens 122 . 124 . 126 an aspherical lens 122 . 124 . 126 is.

In Example 20, one of Examples 10 to 19 optionally indicates that the further lens 122 . 124 . 126 an axially astigmatic lens 122 . 124 . 126 is.

In Example 21, one of Examples 10 to 20 optionally has the image width of the first image plane 500 the lens 122 . 124 . 126 is different from the image width of the first image plane 500 the other lens 122 . 124 . 126 ,

In Example 22, one of Examples 10 to 21 optionally includes a multi-lens array 122 . 124 . 126 on a common carrier, with the lens 122 . 124 . 126 and the other lens 122 . 124 . 126 lenses 122 . 124 . 126 the multiple lenses 122 . 124 . 126 the lens assembly are. The carrier and the lenses may be made in one piece.

In Example 23, one of Examples 10 to 22 optionally has the further lens 122 . 124 . 126 is set up such that the first image plane 500 in the coupling structure 114 . 116 . 118 is arranged and the second image plane 700 has a smaller image width than the first image plane 500 ,

In Example 24, one of Examples 1 to 23 optionally has a support structure 112 on, wherein the waveguide structure 140 on the support structure 112 is trained.

In Example 25, Example 24 optionally includes the support structure 112 at least in the area of the coupling structure between the lens 122 . 124 . 126 and the coupling structure is arranged.

In Example 26, one of Examples 24 or 25 optionally has the support structure 112 permeable to electromagnetic radiation of the radiation source 132 . 134 . 136 is set up.

In Example 27, one of Examples 24 to 26 optionally indicates that the optical device 100 is set up such that emitted electromagnetic radiation 400 the radiation source 132 . 134 . 136 through the lens 122 . 124 . 126 and the support structure 112 by means of the coupling structure in the waveguide structure 140 is coupled.

In Example 28, one of Examples 24 to 27 optionally indicates that the support structure 112 has or is formed of a glass.

In Example 29, one of Examples 24 to 28 optionally includes the lens 122 . 124 . 126 is set up such that the second image plane 700 in the region of the interface of the waveguide structure 140 with the support structure 112 is arranged.

In Example 30, one of Examples 24 to 29 optionally includes the further lens 122 . 124 . 126 is set up such that the second image plane 700 in the region of the interface of the waveguide structure 140 with the support structure 112 is arranged.

In Example 31, one of Examples 24 to 30 optionally indicates that the support structure 112 is formed flat and the waveguide structure 140 on a flat surface of the support structure 112 extends.

In Example 32, one of Examples 24 to 31 optionally has the support structure 112 formed from one piece.

In Example 33, one of Examples 24 to 35 optionally indicates that the support structure 112 with respect to the electromagnetic radiation of the radiation source 132 . 134 . 136 has a refractive index that is less than the refractive index of the waveguide structure 140 ,

In Example 34, one of Examples 24 to 33 optionally indicates that the waveguide structure 140 from one on the support structure 112 formed and etched coating is formed.

In Example 35, one of Examples 24 to 34 optionally indicates that the support structure 112 permeable to the electromagnetic radiation of the radiation source 132 . 134 . 136 is.

In Example 36, one of Examples 24 to 35 optionally indicates that the support structure 112 has an antireflection coating on the surface of the support structure 112 is formed, that of the lens 122 . 124 . 126 is facing.

In Example 37, one of Examples 10 to 36 optionally indicates that the waveguide structure 140 is set up such that the distance between the further coupling structure and the further radiation source 132 . 134 . 136 is greater than the distance of the coupling structure to the radiation source 132 . 134 . 136 ,

In Example 38, one of Examples 1 to 37 optionally includes the coupling structure as a facet of the waveguide structure 140 is set up or has such.

In Example 39, one of Examples 10 to 38 optionally includes the further coupling structure as another facet of the waveguide structure 140 is set up or has one that is offset to the facet of the coupling structure.

In Example 40, one of Examples 10 to 39 optionally indicates that the waveguide structure 140 is set up such that the distance between the further facet and the further radiation source 132 . 134 . 136 is greater than the distance of the facet to the radiation source 132 . 134 . 136 ,

In Example 41, one of Examples 1 to 40 optionally indicates that the waveguide structure 140 extends in a longitudinal direction and perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, a width 502 . 702 which increases from the coupling structure along the longitudinal direction.

In Example 42, one of Examples 1 to 41 optionally indicates that the device 100 a holding structure 112 on which the waveguide structure 140 is formed, wherein the width 502 . 702 the waveguide structure 140 in the plane of the surface of the support structure 112 is arranged on the waveguide structure 140 is trained.

In Example 43, one of Examples 1 to 42 optionally indicates that the waveguide structure 140 extends in a longitudinal direction and perpendicular to the longitudinal direction has a height which decreases from the coupling structure along the longitudinal direction.

In Example 44, one of Examples 1 to 43 optionally indicates that the device 100 a holding structure 112 on which the waveguide structure 140 is formed, wherein the height of the waveguide structure 140 perpendicular to the plane of the surface of the support structure 112 is arranged on the waveguide structure 140 is trained.

In Example 45, one of Examples 1 to 44 optionally indicates that the waveguide structure 140 permeable to the electromagnetic radiation of the radiation source 132 . 134 . 136 is.

In Example 46, one of Examples 1 to 45 optionally indicates that the waveguide structure 140 a first end, on which the coupling structure is arranged, and a second end, which has an exit surface 202 for electromagnetic radiation.

In Example 47, one of Examples 1 to 46 optionally has the exit surface 202 has a mirror-symmetrical area cross-section.

In Example 48, one of Examples 1 to 47 optionally includes: another waveguide structure 140 with a coupling structure 114 . 116 . 118 , wherein the exit surface 202 the waveguide structure 140 by means of the coupling structure 114 . 116 . 118 the further waveguide structure 140 with the further waveguide structure 140 is coupled.

In Example 49, one of Examples 46 through 48 optionally indicates that the waveguide structure 140 has an antireflection coating on the exit surface 202 is trained.

In Example 50, one of Examples 46 to 49 optionally includes a diffuser 142 on, at the exit surface 202 is arranged and arranged to scatter decoupled electromagnetic radiation.

In Example 51, one of Examples 46 to 50 optionally indicates that the diffuser 142 a structured surface 142 that has the exit surface 202 the waveguide structure 140 is facing.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

100

optical device

110

conductor structure

112

holding structure

114, 116, 118

coupling structure

120

lens system

122, 124, 126

lenses

130

Arrangement of radiation sources

132, 134, 136

sources

140

Waveguide structure

142

diffuser

202

exit area

400

emitted electromagnetic radiation

500

image-side first image plane

502, 702

width

700

image-side second image plane

800, 810, 840, 850

diagram

802

corner

804

Luminous intensity or specific light emission

806

decoupled electromagnetic radiation

832, 834

coordinate

Claims (20)

An optical device (100) comprising: a lens (122, 124, 126) having a first image plane (500) and a second image plane (700); at least one radiation source (132, 134, 136) arranged on the object side to the lens (122, 124, 126) and arranged to emit electromagnetic radiation; and on the image side to the lens (122, 124, 126), a waveguide structure (140) coupled to a coupling structure (114, 116, 118), wherein the coupling structure (114, 116, 118) is arranged to pass through the lens (122, 124 , 126) emitted electromagnetic radiation (400) of the radiation source (132, 134, 136) in the waveguide structure (140) to deflect; wherein the lens (122, 124, 126) is arranged such that the first image plane (500) is arranged in the coupling structure (114, 116, 118) and the second image plane (700) has a smaller image width than the first image plane (500 ). Optical device (100) according to Claim 1 wherein the optical device (100) is a light emitting device (100). Optical device (100) according to Claim 1 or 2 wherein the radiation source (132, 134, 136) is a light emitting semiconductor device, preferably a laser diode. Optical device (100) according to one of the Claims 1 to 3 wherein the radiation source (132, 134, 136) is arranged such that the emissive beam of electromagnetic radiation has a first emission angle in a first direction and a second emission angle that is greater in a second direction that is perpendicular to the first direction as the first emission angle. Optical device (100) according to one of the Claims 1 to 4 wherein the lens (122, 124, 126) is an axially astigmatic lens (122, 124, 126). Optical device (100) according to one of the Claims 1 to 5 further comprising a further lens (122, 124, 126) and at least one further radiation source (132, 134, 136) disposed on the object side of the further lens (122, 124, 126) and arranged to emit an electromagnetic radiation; and on the image side to the further lens (122, 124, 126) arranged, a further coupling structure (114, 116, 118), which is coupled to the waveguide structure (140), wherein the further coupling structure (114, 116, 118) is arranged through the further lens (122, 124, 126) emitted electromagnetic radiation (400) of the further radiation source (132, 134, 136) in the waveguide structure (140) to deflect. Optical device (100) according to one of the Claims 1 to 6 , Wherein the spectral distribution of the electromagnetic radiation of the further radiation source (132, 134, 136) differs in at least one wavelength range from the spectral distribution of the electromagnetic radiation of the radiation source (132, 134, 136). Optical device (100) according to one of the Claims 1 to 6 , wherein the spectral distribution of the electromagnetic radiation of the further radiation source (132, 134, 136) is substantially equal to the spectral distribution of the electromagnetic radiation of the radiation source (132, 134, 136). Optical device (100) according to one of the Claims 1 to 8th wherein the further lens (122, 124, 126) is arranged such that the second image plane (700) is arranged substantially in a plane with the second image plane (700) of the lens (122, 124, 126). Optical device (100) according to one of the Claims 1 to 9 wherein the image width of the first image plane (500) of the lens (122, 124, 126) is different from the image width of the first image plane (500) of the further lens (122, 124, 126). Optical device (100) according to one of the Claims 1 to 10 further comprising a support structure (112), wherein the waveguide structure (140) is formed on the support structure (112) such that emitted electromagnetic radiation (400) of the radiation source (132, 134, 136) is transmitted through the lens (122, 124, 126 ) and the support structure (112) is coupled by means of the coupling structure into the waveguide structure (140). Optical device (100) according to Claim 11 wherein the waveguide structure is formed by etching from a coating formed on the support structure (112). Optical device (100) according to Claim 11 or 12 wherein the lens (122, 124, 126) is arranged such that the second image plane (700) is arranged in the area of the interface of the waveguide structure (140) with the support structure (112). Optical device (100) according to one of the Claims 11 to 13 wherein the further lens (122, 124, 126) is arranged such that the second image plane (700) is arranged in the area of the interface of the waveguide structure (140) with the support structure (112). Optical device (100) according to one of the Claims 1 to 14 wherein the waveguide structure (140) is arranged such that the distance between the further coupling structure and the further radiation source (132, 134, 136) is greater than the distance of the coupling structure to the radiation source (132, 134, 136). Optical device (100) according to one of the Claims 1 to 15 wherein the waveguide structure (140) extends in a longitudinal direction and perpendicular to the longitudinal direction has a width (502, 702) increasing from the coupling structure along the longitudinal direction. Optical device (100) according to one of the Claims 1 to 16 wherein the waveguide structure (140) extends in a longitudinal direction and perpendicular to the longitudinal direction has a height decreasing from the coupling structure along the longitudinal direction. Optical device (100) according to one of the Claims 1 to 17 wherein the waveguide structure (140) has a first end on which the coupling structure is disposed and a second end having an electromagnetic radiation exit surface (202), and wherein the exit surface (202) has a mirror-symmetric area cross-section. Optical device (100) according to one of the Claims 1 to 18 wherein the waveguide structure (140) has a first end on which the coupling structure is disposed and a second end having an electromagnetic radiation exit surface (202) and a diffuser (142) disposed on the exit surface (202) and is arranged to scatter decoupled electromagnetic radiation. Optical device (100) according to Claim 19 wherein the diffuser (142) has a textured surface (142) facing the exit surface (202) of the waveguide structure (140).

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