DE102018201267A1 - Means of transport and projection surface for use in a means of transport - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a projection surface for use in a means of transport for displaying an image (B) generated by a projector (40). The projection surface comprises a first layer (10) with reflective properties and a second layer (20) with angle-dependent light transmission properties. The second layer (20) is designed in such a way that, when the projection surface (1) and the projector (40) are intended to be installed in the means of transport, interference light (SL) which is at an angle of incidence which is in a first predetermined range of angles of incidence, meets with the projection surface (1), filters and transmits projector light (PL) emitted by the projector (40) so as to be reflected by the first layer (10) at a viewing angle. As a result, high-contrast images can be realized even in strong ambient light.

Description

The invention relates to a projection surface for use in a means of transport for displaying an image generated by a projector and a means of transport, in particular provided for the transport of persons transport.

The presentation of a wide variety of information in a provided for the transport of people, such. A commercial and commercial vehicle, a rail transport or an aircraft, carried out by the provision of one or more displays. With the help of the display or displays, it is possible in the means of transport to reproduce static or moving image content. The displayable contents are essentially limited by the number and size of a respective display. Since the costs increase disproportionately with increasing size of a display, displays with standardized sizes (screen diagonals) are generally used. However, this limits the freedom of design in integrating the display or displays in the means of transport. Another disadvantage of displays is that they usually have only a flat surface for cost reasons. In addition, for technical reasons, it is necessary for the display to have an edge that can not be used to display information. This also restricts the freedom of design, especially when the display is to be provided free-standing in the room, as is increasingly the case in the vicinity of passenger vehicles.

Through the use of so-called projection screens (hereafter: screen), it is possible to vary the screen size and the aspect ratio of the projection in almost any way. This is done on the one hand by the distance between the screen and a projector and possibly a masking of image areas not to be displayed in order to realize, for example, a specific aspect ratio between width and height. This allows a variety of creative degrees of freedom, especially curved canvas surfaces.

The use of a projector in conjunction with a screen, which is known in particular from entertainment or meeting situations, usually requires either the darkening of the environment of the projection system or the use of extremely strong projectors. For the use of projectors whose light intensity is limited, screen materials have been developed which improve the image quality even under unfavorable environmental conditions. Known screen technologies for various environmental conditions are, for example, so-called silver screens, aluminized screens, pearlescent screens, glass-beaded screens, gray screens or matt white screens. Some of the mentioned screen materials have been developed to improve the contrast in the case of disturbing ambient light. However, they can "swallow" the projector light emitted from the projector, which in turn requires high-brightness projectors. Some of the indicated canvas materials have been developed to return light in a directional manner to the receiver, allowing for the use of fainter projectors. For all screens, however, there is the problem that the contrast of the displayed picture information, e.g. in direct sunlight is not acceptable or can only be achieved with very bright projectors.

The problem described above leads to the fact that image projectors and projection surfaces, which are designed in particular in the field of passenger transport means as freestanding surfaces, so far could not prevail.

It is an object of the invention to provide a projection surface and a means of transport, in particular for the transportation of persons, which allow the use in the means of transport even under unfavorable lighting conditions and thereby allow the perception of a high-contrast image by a viewer.

These objects are achieved by a projection surface according to the features of claim 1 and a transport means according to the features of claim 14. Advantageous embodiments are specified in the dependent claims, respectively.

A projection surface is proposed for use in a means of transport for displaying an image generated by a projector. The projection surface comprises a first layer with reflective properties and a second layer with angle-dependent light transmission properties. The second layer is designed such that, when the projection surface and the projector are installed in the means of transport as intended, it filters stray light incident on the projection surface with an angle of incidence lying in a first predetermined angle of incidence range. On the other hand, the second layer transmits projector light emitted from the projector so as to be reflected from the first layer in a viewing angle and perceived to a viewer.

The two-layered projection surface allows the filtering of ambient stray light from predetermined angles of incidence, so that only the projector light from another specific and defined angle of incidence of the underlying first layer is reflected towards the occupant. In which incident angle report the disturbing light is filtered and in which viewing angle range the projector light is transmitted, the structure of the second layer results. This enables very small, low-fidelity projectors to produce high-contrast images even in the case of disturbing ambient light, which enables their use in (passenger) means of transport. This allows the use of large projection screens instead of conventional displays in (passenger) means of transport. In doing so, (almost) any aspect ratios can be realized. Based on the size of the image area, costs in a means of transport for displaying static and moving image contents can be reduced. Since a projection surface, which is exposed by a projector, for technical reasons no non-usable edge areas needed, space can be optimized in a means of transport. In addition, there are many creative freedom that are not available with a display on economic terms.

In an expedient embodiment, the second layer is arranged between the projector and the first layer when the projection surface and the projector are installed as intended in the means of transport. In other words, the projection surface described according to the invention is intended for a so-called front or reflected light projection.

According to another expedient embodiment, the first layer and the second layer are immediately adjacent, i. without an air gap or other media boundary, to each other. For example, the first and the second layer can be glued or laminated together. If the first and the second layer adjoin one another directly, a defined filtering of ambient interference light which strikes the projection surface in the first predefined angle of incidence range can be realized in a particularly simple manner, whereas the projector light can be reflected in the viewing angle range of the first layer ,

According to another embodiment, the first and the second layer may be arranged spaced apart from each other over a uniformly wide air gap. A uniformly wide air gap is to be understood as meaning an air gap between the first and the second layer, which has the same thickness over the entire area of the spaced-apart layers.

The first layer can be a conventional canvas or consist of a conventional canvas material. Optionally, the first layer may be white or colored or have a colored reflection surface. A coloring can be done in particular in gray color, as this good contrast properties are achieved. The first layer can be designed according to these variants, for example as a Matte White Screen, Gray Screen, Silver Screen or Aluminized Screen. The properties known from the respective screen materials then also exist in the case of the projection surface according to the invention.

The first layer may also have retro-reflective properties. If the first layer has retro-reflective properties of the surface, this results in increased reflectivity since the projector light, which strikes the projection surface and thus the first layer at a specific angle, is reflected back parallel to the angle of incidence. As screen types, e.g. the known pearlescent screens or glass-beaded screens are used.

The first layer may comprise a holographic layer. For this purpose, the first layer can be constructed in multiple layers, wherein the holographic layer can be embedded, for example, between two glass layers or transparent films. The layer facing away from the second layer can optionally also consist of a non-transparent material. The holographic layer may be formed by a transparent holographic foil or glass plate. By using a holographic layer, it is possible to diffract projector light incident on the first layer in a desired and holographic layer predetermined manner, since the holographic layer has portions of different light guiding properties in a manner known to those skilled in the art. The use of a holographic layer allows a very efficient reflection, which in particular less fuzzy projectors are available.

The second layer can be formed by a lamellar film or a so-called light control film (LCF). Lamellar films are known, for example, in the field of EDP and are usually used in screens to avoid lateral insights. In an LCF, stray light is blocked by microstructures. As a result, disturbing reflections and reflections can be suppressed, and partial shadows can be avoided. The result is an increase in contrast. A darkening of the image information can be compensated in both variants by a slightly brighter projector.

A further embodiment provides that an outside of the second layer, which lies on the side facing away from the first layer, is frosted. This results in a projection surface with non-reflective surface. Become special sharp and true color image reproduction desired, it is expedient to perform the outside high gloss. Which surface finish is optimal for the particular application results in particular from the overall configuration of the projector used, the material of the first layer and the intended installation in the means of transport, including the arrangement of the projection in a spatial coordinate system of the transport and the relative positioning of the projector to to understand.

It may also be expedient to provide an anti-reflection coating on the outside of the second layer, which lies on the side facing away from the first layer, in order to achieve an antireflection coating.

The lamellae of the lamellar foil or prism edges of the LCF expediently run approximately parallel to a plane of movement of the transport means. As a result, incident from the top incident ambient light can be effectively filtered out. In experiments, it has been found that when using a projection surface in a means of transport, e.g. a vehicle that has the greatest impact on the visibility of the image reproduced by the projection screen from above or from above through the windscreen and / or a glass roof. The lamellae of the lamellar foil or prism edges of the LCF which are approximately parallel to the plane of movement of the means of transport (and therefore approximately horizontal) then provide the desired filtering of the disturbing light.

According to another aspect of the invention, a transport means is proposed which comprises a projector and a projection surface of the type described herein.

The projector is expediently arranged in the transport means such that projector light is emitted in the direction of a light beam of an occupant of the means of transport. This results in a so-called front or incident light projection in which the projector light passes through the second layer of the projection surface and is then reflected back to the reflection surface of the first layer in the direction of the viewer or the projector.

It is expedient if the viewing angle, in which the projector light impinges on the projection surface or in which the projector light is reflected by the first layer, a predetermined angular range, in particular ± 30 °, preferably ± 20 °, more preferably ± 15 ° a visual beam of the occupant of the means of transport, wherein the visual beam is a connection between an eye point of the occupant and a reference point, in particular the center of the projection surface, wherein the visual beam at an angle of about 90 ° (± 5 °) hits the projection surface. The incident angle range of the disturbing light detects the angular range which includes the viewing angle range defined between the plane of the projection surface and the viewing angle limited by the viewing angle.

In particular, the means of transport is a means of transport suitable for passenger transport, in particular a motor vehicle or commercial vehicle or a rail transport or an aircraft.

• 1 eine schematische Querschnittsdarstellung eines aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Projektionssystems, das einen Projektor und eine Projektionsfläche umfasst;
• 2 eine sich aus dem Projektionssystem gemäß 1 ergebende kontrastschwache Bilddarstellung;
• 3 eine schematische Darstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Projektionssystems gemäß einer ersten Ausgestaltungsvariante;
• 4 eine sich aus dem Projektionssystem gemäß 3 ergebende kontrastreiche Bilddarstellung;
• 5 eine schematische Darstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Projektionssystems gemäß einer zweiten Ausgestaltungsvariante; und
• 6 eine sich aus dem Projektionssystem gemäß 5 ergebende kontrastreiche Bilddarstellung.

Further features and advantages of the invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. Show it:

• 1 a schematic cross-sectional view of a known from the prior art projection system comprising a projector and a projection surface;
• 2 one out of the projection system according to 1 resulting low-contrast image representation;
• 3 a schematic representation of a projection system according to the invention according to a first embodiment variant;
• 4 one out of the projection system according to 3 resulting high-contrast image representation;
• 5 a schematic representation of a projection system according to the invention according to a second embodiment variant; and
• 6 one out of the projection system according to 5 resulting high-contrast image representation.

1 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the basic structure of a known from the prior art projection system, which has a projection surface 1 and a projector 40 includes. The projector 40 can be a conventional projector or projector, such as a LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) projector, a laser projector or a wide-angle projector (Short Throw Projector). The projection screen 1 consists of any canvas material used by the projector 40 sent out projector light PL on a reflection surface 2 in the direction of a person 30 reflected. That of the reflection surface 2 the projection surface 1 reflected projector light PL is marked with PL '. At the in 1 The projection system shown is a front projection in which the projector 40 and the person 30 on the same side of the screen 1 are located. In the following, it should be assumed that such a "front projection system".

The projection system is to be used in a means of transport, such as a motor vehicle or commercial vehicle, a rail vehicle or an aircraft, in which the reflection surface 2 the projection surface 1 , in particular from above (for example, by a glass roof and / or a windshield), but also from the side, with stray light SL is charged. In the graphic representation are the projector 40 and the person 30 by way of example at approximately the same distance in front of the projection surface 1 , However, this is not mandatory.

The arrangement of the projection screen 1 with respect to a reference plane and the projector 40 takes place in such a way that that of the reflection surface 2 reflected projector light PL 'visually by the person 30 , an occupant of the means of transport, can be perceived. The reference plane lies in a vertical plane of a spatial coordinate system of the means of transport, which in the drawing is from top to bottom and perpendicular to the plane of the drawing. The spatial coordinate system has a fixed orientation with respect to a plane of movement of the means of transport. In the in 1 the embodiment shown is the projection surface 1 exemplarily arranged such that the reflection surface 2 lying in the reference plane, ie having a vertical orientation with respect to the spatial coordinate system and the plane of movement of the means of transport. It is understood that the reflection surface to the reference surface could also have a (slight) inclination.

The use of a conventional projection system entails that of the reflecting surface 2 not the projection light PL of the projector 40 is reflected, but also stray light SL which is reflected as reflected stray light SL ' from the person 30 is perceived. stray light SL can emanate from any ambient light source, such as ambient light. For purposes of illustration is as a source of disturbing light 50 a sun is represented, its stray light SL compared to that of the projector 40 emitted projector light PL can have a much greater brightness.

One from the projector 40 emitted image information that the in 2 exemplified picture B therefore, is covered by the person 30 as a low-contrast image B perceived. By way of example, the picture includes B three picture information BI1 . BI2 and BI3 , The picture information BI1 represents a text "Bright World!". The image information BI2 represents a graphical information, here a vehicle dar. The image information BI3 is the opposite of the image information BI1 and BI2 contrasting background. Schematically it can be seen that by the reflection surface 2 reflected interfering light SL ', which together with the reflected projector light PL ' by the person 30 is perceived, the image information may be very badly perceptible, in each case, however, low contrasts between the image information BI1 . BI2 and BI3 having.

This is the in 1 shown, conventional projection system for use in a means of transport, in which on the side and / or front panels ambientes stray light on the reflection surface 2 the projection surface 1 can meet, poorly suited.

To solve this problem, a projection surface according to the invention comprises 1 a first layer 10 with reflective properties and a second layer 20 with angle-dependent light transmission properties. Projection systems with a respective projection surface according to the invention 1 are in the 3 and 5 shown. Otherwise, the structure of the projection systems corresponds to those 1

The projection screen 1 is designed as incident light projection surface, ie the second layer 20 the screen is between the projector 40 and the first layer 10 arranged when the projection screen 1 and the projector 40 are installed as intended in the means of transport.

The first shift 10 and the second layer 20 can border directly on each other. For this purpose, the first and the second layer 10 . 20 be glued or laminated together. Alternatively, and not shown in the figures, between the first layer 10 and the second layer 20 Also be provided a uniformly wide air gap, so that the first and the second layer 10 . 20 are arranged spaced from each other.

The canvas material of the first layer 10 allows a diffuse scattering reflection of the projector light PL , As first layer 10 As a rule, a coated glass fiber fabric is used to avoid deformation. The reflection surface 11 the first layer 10 can be flat or curved. Generally, the reflection surface 11 the first layer 10 high reflectivity while ensuring uniform distribution of the light impinging on it.

The first shift 10 is formed from a conventional screen material known in the art and may be of one of the following types:

Type D: canvas material of the type D include diffusely reflecting cloth and wall types with matte white paint, characterized by their wide Scattering are suitable for a large viewing angle.

Type B : Canvas material of the type B (B: "beaded") include retro-reflective cloths. For this purpose, glass beads are used, which preferably reflect the light in the direction of the light source. Each glass sphere acts like a retroreflector, therefore the scattering distribution of this image wall preferably acts in the direction of the light source. Projection surfaces of the type B In addition to higher contrast have a larger luminance factor, whereby the viewing angle is reduced.

Type S: canvas of the type S (S: "specular") reflect the projected light like a mirror in a preferred spatial direction. On the surface of these so-called silver screens, a thin layer of metal particles (aluminum tinsel in synthetic resin lacquer) is attached. In addition, corrugations and grid structures can be applied, which distribute the spreading area for the horizontal and the vertical direction in a defined manner.

Screens of the types mentioned are known by the commonly used terms "Silver Screen", "Aluminized Screen", "Pearlescent Screen", "Glass-beaded Screen", "Gray Screen", "Matte White Screen".

The first layer is preferred 10 inked. By coloring, especially with a gray tone, can be a high-contrast image B represent. The use of a canvas material with retro-reflective properties as the first layer 10 allows comparatively faint projectors 40 because the reflected projector light is parallel to that of the projector 40 emitted projector light PL is reflected.

The first shift 10 may also comprise a holographic layer (not shown). In the event that the first layer 10 comprising a holographic layer, is the first layer 10 multi-layered. In this case, the holographic layer is, for example, between one to the second layer 20 bordering, transparent layer and a rear cover layer embedded. In the simplest case, the holographic layer is embedded between two glass layers or transparent foils. The holographic layer itself may be formed by a transparent holographic foil or glass plate. The use of a holographic layer allows for the first layer 10 striking projector light PL in a predetermined manner by the holographic layer, whereby a very efficient reflection of the irradiated projector light PL is possible. In particular, this may result in light-attenuating projectors 40 , such as laser projectors used.

The second layer 20 is designed so that when the projection surface 1 and the projector 40 are properly installed in the means of transport, the light filters, if this with an angle of incidence a2, within a predetermined incident angle range W2 lies on the screen 1 meets. Like that 3 and 5 It is not difficult to deduce, this is true of the source of disturbance light 50 emitted stray light SL within the defined angle of incidence range W2 on the projection screen. The predetermined angle of incidence range W2 is in the 3 and 5 with hatching running from bottom left to top right and extending from the plane of the screen 1 (ie an outside 21 the second layer 20 ) in the direction of a sight beam ISS (actually: a plane in which the visual beam ISS lies), which is the connection between the eyes of the person 30 and a reference point BP , especially in the middle, the projection surface 1 represents.

Around the sight line ISS (actually: the plane in which the visual beam ISS lies) extends an angular range W1 in which the projector light PL through the second layer 20 can pass through. The angle range W1 (so-called viewing angle range) comprises an angle range of in particular + - 30 °, preferably + - 20 °, more preferably + - 15 °, around the viewing beam ISS the person 30 in the direction of the projection surface 1 , The angle range 1 is marked with hatching running from top left to bottom right.

The second layer 20 is according to the embodiment in 3 a so-called lamellar film. slats 23 The lamellar foil extend approximately parallel to a plane of movement of the transport means, ie they lie in a plane which runs in the drawing from left to right and perpendicular to the plane of the drawing. Depending on the thickness (ie, the left-to-right thickness in the drawing) of the second layer, the size of the angle of incidence range can be W2 be defined in the incident light through the second layer 20 is filtered out, so this does not affect the reflection surface 11 the first layer 10 meets. In contrast, the projection light PL in the field of view W1 on the projection screen 1 passes through the second layer, leaving it on the reflective surface 11 and from this towards the occupant 30 is reflected.

The same principle is achieved by training the second layer as a light control film (LCF) as shown in 5 realized. In the LCF, stray light is blocked by microstructures. In 5 are the microstructures through a prism structure 24 formed by two adjacent sublayers 24 - 1 . 24 - 2 with corresponding surface structure results. The prism structure of the LCF has in the cross-sectional view according to 5 a sawtooth on which extends perpendicular to the plane of movement of the transport. By the microstructures disturbing reflections and reflections can be suppressed, since stray light SL with an angle a2 within the angle of incidence range W2 meets the prism structure, in the sub-layer 24 - 1 is "caught" by total reflection.

Both lamellar films and LCFs are well known to those skilled in the art, e.g. EDP, so that more detailed technical explanations are omitted here.

The 4 and 6 which also in 2 represented image information, but now the image information BI1 and BI2 opposite the background (image information BI3 ) have a much greater contrast.

Because the projector light PL through the second layer 20 must pass before this from the first layer 10 is reflected, results for the viewer a darkened image. The through the second layer 20 resulting darkening of the image information may be due to the nature and design of the second layer 20 and / or by a comparatively brighter projector 40 be at least partially compensated.

In summary, by providing a second layer (eg in the form of a lamellar foil or LCF) applied to a conventional screen material, ambient stray light is filtered out of certain definable angles of incidence so that only projector light from another definite definable angle of incidence from the underlying one first layer is reflected in the direction of the person watching. This enables very small, low-fidelity projectors to produce high-contrast images even in the presence of disturbing ambient light.

The use of projection surfaces in conjunction with a projector makes it possible to provide larger projection areas compared to conventional screens. In particular, the entire projection surface can be used to reproduce image information. In particular, no borders are required for technical reasons, which increases the freedom of design.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

projection

2

reflecting surface

10

first shift

11

reflecting surface

20

second layer

21

outside

23

slats

24

prismatic structure

24-1

Partial layer of the second layer with prism structure

24-2

corresponding sub-layer of the second layer with corresponding prism structure

30

personal inmate

40

projector

50

interference light source

B

image

B '

image

SL

stray light

SL '

reflected stray light

PL

projector light

PL '

reflected projector light

W1

Angle range in which projector light can pass through the second layer

W2

Angular range in which stray light can not pass through the second layer

ISS

Visual beam of the occupant 30

BP

reference point

Claims (18)

Projection surface for use in a means of transport for displaying an image (B) produced by a projector (40) comprising a first layer (10) with reflective properties and a second layer (20) with angle-dependent light transmission properties, the second layer (20 ) is designed such that, when the projection surface (1) and the projector (40) are installed in the means of transport, stray light (SL) incident on the projection surface (1) at an angle of incidence which is in a first predetermined angle of incidence range ), filters and transmits projector light (PL) emitted by the projector (40), to be reflected from the first layer (10) in a viewing angle. Projection surface after Claim 1 , characterized in that the second layer (20), when the projection surface (1) and the projector (40) are installed as intended in the means of transport, between the projector (40) and the first layer (10) is arranged. Projection surface after Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the first layer (10) and the second layer (20) directly adjoin one another. Projection surface after Claim 3 , characterized in that the first and the second layer (10, 20) are glued or laminated together. Projection surface after Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the first layer (10) and the second layer (20) are arranged spaced apart over a uniformly wide air gap. Projection surface according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first layer (10) is a canvas or consists of a canvas material. Projection surface according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first layer (10) is white or colored or has a colored reflection surface. Projection surface according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first layer (10) has retro-reflective properties. Projection surface according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first layer (10) comprises a holographic layer. Projection surface according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second layer (20) is a lamellar film or a light control film. Projection surface according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an outer side (21) of the second layer (20) which lies on the side facing away from the first layer (10), is frosted or high gloss. Projection surface according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an anti-reflective coating is provided on an outer side (21) of the second layer (20) which lies on the side facing away from the first layer (10). Projection surface according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that lamellas (23) of the lamellar foil or prism edges of the light control film run approximately parallel to a plane of movement of the transport means. Transport means comprising a projector (40) and a projection surface (1) formed according to one of the preceding claims. Transport to Claim 14 , characterized in that the projector (40) is arranged in the transport means such that the projector light (PL) is emitted in the direction of a viewing beam (ISS) of an occupant (30) of the means of transport. Transport to Claim 14 or 15 , characterized in that the viewing angle a predetermined angular range (W1), in particular ± 30 °, preferably ± 20 °, more preferably ± 15 ° to a viewing beam of the occupant (30) of the means of transport, wherein the viewing beam (ISS) a connection between an eye point of the occupant (30) and a reference point, in particular the center, of the projection surface (1), the viewing beam (ISS) impinging on the projection surface (1) at an angle of approximately 90 °. Means of transport according to one of Claims 14 to 16 , characterized in that the incident angle range (W2) detects the angular range which comprises the angle range bounded between the plane of the projection surface (1) and the angle of view bounded by the viewing angle (W1). Transport to Claim 17 , characterized in that this is a motor vehicle or commercial vehicle or rail transport or aircraft.

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