DE102018122090B4 - Wind turbine module, wind turbine assembly and wind turbine - Google Patents

Abstract

Wind turbine installation, which has wind turbine modules (100) arranged vertically one above the other, the wind turbine modules (100) each having:- a wind turbine of vertical construction which has a vertical, centrally arranged shaft (2), at least one rotatable rotor connected to the shaft (2). (3, 4) and an electric generator (1) driven via the shaft (2),- the wind turbine being arranged within a cuboid support cage (5), and the wind turbine modules (100) connected to one another via their support cages (5). are connected, characterized in that the wind turbine system has two wind turbine modules (100a, 100b) arranged vertically one above the other, one wind turbine module (100a) comprising a wind turbine which has a resistance rotor (3) but no lift rotor (4), and the other Wind turbine module (100b) comprises a wind turbine which has a lift rotor (4) but no resistance rotor (3), - where d en resistance rotor (3) a torque can only be transmitted in a defined direction of rotation to the shaft (2) of the associated wind turbine module (100a), while the resistance rotor (3) runs freely counter to the direction of rotation, - the shafts (2) of the two wind turbine modules ( 100a, 100b) are coupled to one another, and wherein- two such wind turbine modules (100a, 100b) arranged vertically one above the other, the shafts (2) of which are coupled to one another, fell, d. H. Are arranged upside down on two further such wind turbine modules (100a, 100b) which are arranged vertically one above the other and whose shafts (2) are coupled to one another.

Description

The invention relates to a wind turbine system according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

Vertically arranged wind turbines are known in which the rotating parts are arranged on a vertical, central shaft. Such wind turbines are also referred to as vertical rotors. Vertically arranged wind turbines have the advantage that the wind can come from all directions without the wind turbine having to turn in the direction of the wind.

From the WO 2015/101761 A1 a wind turbine module is known which has a wind turbine in a vertical design, the wind turbine being arranged within a cuboid support cage.

From the US 2008/0258468 A1 a wind turbine system is known which has two wind turbine modules arranged vertically one above the other, each wind turbine module having a wind turbine of vertical construction and a cuboid support cage.

From the U.S. 2009/0079197 A1 a wind turbine system is known in which two wind turbines are arranged vertically in a cuboid support cage, one above the other, with the wind turbines running in different directions of rotation.

the DE 20 2009 007 926 U1 describes a wind turbine in which a resistance runner and a lift runner are arranged one above the other, with the lift runner having a freewheel so that it can run faster than the resistance runner.

The object of the present invention is to provide an effective wind turbine installation which has a stable construction and is therefore suitable for use in strong-wind locations and for withstanding strong winds.

This object is achieved by a wind turbine plant having the features of claim 1 and a wind turbine plant having the features of claim 3. Developments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims.

According to this, the invention considers a wind turbine system that has wind turbine modules arranged vertically one above the other, the wind turbine modules each having a wind turbine of vertical design, which has a vertical, centrally arranged shaft, at least one rotatable rotor connected to the shaft, and an electrical generator driven via the shaft . It is provided that the wind turbine is arranged within a cuboid support cage.

According to a first aspect of the invention, the wind turbine system comprises two wind turbine modules arranged vertically one above the other and connected to one another, one wind turbine module comprising a wind turbine which has a resistance rotor but no lift rotor, and the other wind turbine module comprises a wind turbine which has a lift rotor but no resistance rotor. The resistance runner is designed in such a way that a torque is transmitted to the associated shaft only in a defined direction of rotation, while the resistance runner runs freely in the opposite direction of rotation. It is further provided that the shafts of the two wind turbine modules are coupled to one another.

This solution has the advantage that the resistance runner and the buoyancy runner are each accommodated in a separate support cage, although the principle of a starting aid is provided by the coupling of the two shafts. Due to the fact that resistance runners and lift runners are not accommodated in the same support cage, it can be achieved that even more wind flows through the lift runner and achieves a higher rotational speed.

According to the first aspect of the invention, it is further provided that two wind turbine modules each, the shafts of which are coupled to one another as explained, are toppled, i. H. Are arranged upside down on two other wind turbine modules whose shafts are coupled to each other. The overturned arrangement counteracts unbalanced vibrations.

One embodiment of the first aspect of the invention provides that the shafts of the two wind turbines are coupled to one another via a transmission gear, e.g. a planetary gear, with the transmission gear being arranged and designed in such a way that the rotational speed of the wind turbine with lift rotor is greater than the rotational speed of the wind turbine with resistance rotor . The result of this is that the lift runner experiences a start-up aid from the resistance runner in a particularly effective manner and thus reaches its optimal flow situation particularly quickly in order to be able to walk independently.

According to a second aspect of the invention, it is provided that two wind turbine modules of identical design are arranged vertically one above the other where the upper wind turbine module is overturned, ie placed upside down on the lower wind turbine module, the wind turbine of the upper wind turbine module also being in an overturned position. This means that the two wind turbines of the two modules run in different directions of rotation. Every wind turbine has a natural direction of rotation, which is defined by the shape of the rotors. When a wind turbine is placed upside down or rotated by 180°, it rotates in the opposite direction.

It is provided that the wind turbine of each wind turbine module comprises at least one resistance rotor and at least one lift rotor, with the lift rotor being firmly connected to the shaft and the resistance rotor being connected to the shaft in such a way that a torque is only transmitted via the resistance rotor in a defined direction of rotation to the Wave is transferrable while the resistance runner runs freely against the direction of rotation.

The inverted arrangement of the upper wind turbine module is made possible by the modular design of the two modules using a cuboid support cage.

Such an overturned arrangement has the advantage that oscillations and vibrations that occur are reduced or even completely prevented. Due to the identical design and overturned arrangement of the upper module, the vibrations generated by the two modules cancel each other out, at least in part.

All of the components of the wind turbine, including the generator, are arranged within the support cage, ie the volume defined by them, so that no components protrude from the side surfaces of the support cage. This provides a wind turbine module that can be connected to other wind turbine modules in a simple and modular manner via the cuboid support cage. The modular design with support cage greatly simplifies the transport and handling of the individual wind turbine modules. This is particularly true when the support cage is cube-shaped.

The support cage protects both the rotating parts of the wind turbine and the environment. The former, since birds, for example, are prevented from coming into contact with the actual wind turbine via the support cage. The latter because in the rare event of a breakage or the like of turbine components, the support cage can catch loose parts and thereby protect the environment.

The support cage is formed, for example, by a frame construction that forms the edges of the cuboid formed by the support cage. The term frame construction is used as a generic term for any construction that structurally defines the edges of the cuboid. For example, it can be a tube construction in which the edges of the cuboid formed by the support cage are formed by tubes. Alternatively, the edges can be formed, for example, by profiles or bars. The six side faces of the cuboid formed between the edges of the frame construction are basically open, so that the wind can pass through the frame construction. However, this does not preclude additional struts being provided in the area of the side surfaces, which increase the stability of the support cage, or protective plates being arranged in some areas.

An embodiment of the invention provides that the wind turbine module has two vertically spaced plates, namely an upper plate and a lower plate, which are connected to the support cage and between which the wind turbine is arranged. The top plate and the bottom plate are used to attach and store the components of the actual wind turbine. They are used to install the wind turbine in the support cage.

Provision can be made for a gusset plate to be arranged at a corner of the support cage, at which two edges of the cuboid formed by the support cage meet, which has receiving bores for fastening components of the wind turbine module. If such gusset plates are arranged at each corner of the support cage, 24 gusset plates result. Said upper plate and lower plate are connected to the support cage via such gusset plates, for example.

An embodiment of this provides that the wind turbine is decoupled from the support cage via damping elements. For this purpose, for example, the upper plate and/or the lower plate are connected to the support cage via damping elements. This configuration ensures that oscillations and vibrations that occur in the wind turbine are not transmitted to the support cage, or are only transmitted to a reduced extent.

Furthermore, it can be provided that the generator is arranged on a fastening plate, which in turn is connected to the lower plate. According to a variant embodiment, the fastening plate is arranged in the plane of the lower horizontal lateral face of the support cage.

An advantageous embodiment provides that the support cage is cubic. This provides a particularly compact and easily stackable structure.

According to one embodiment, it is provided that the support cage has additional struts, which are each formed in the plane of a side surface of the support cage. These are used for structural reinforcement and stiffening of the wind turbine module. This can be particularly important when several wind turbine modules are combined to form a wind turbine system. The support cage can also have protective plates or cladding plates which, for example, extend adjacent to the edges of the cuboid support cage. Such fenders or cladding panels can also be attached to the gusset plates already mentioned.

A further embodiment provides that the wind turbine module also includes at least one wind collector, which is arranged on a vertically running edge structure of the support cage. For example, such wind collectors are arranged on all four vertically running edge structures of the support cage. The flat wind collectors collect the wind through an enlarged inflow area and direct it to the wind turbine, so that the start-up behavior and the performance of the wind turbine are improved. In this case, an embodiment variant can provide that the wind collectors are pivotably arranged on the support cage.

Resistance runners and lift runners are known in principle. A resistance rotor takes power from the wind according to the resistance principle and converts it into mechanical energy. According to one embodiment, the resistance rotor is designed as a Savonius rotor, which has at least two blade-shaped, overlapping vanes, which are offset in the circumferential direction. If two blades are used, the blades of the Savonius rotor are offset by 180° in the circumferential direction. In a lift rotor, the rotor blades are moved using the principle of aerodynamic lift. In a lift rotor, unlike in a drag rotor, the rotor blades can rotate at a speed greater than the wind speed. According to one embodiment, the lift rotor is designed as an H-Darrieus rotor, which has at least two rotor blades arranged parallel to the axis of rotation or to the shaft and fastened to support arms.

According to the invention, the resistance runner is designed in such a way that a torque is transmitted to the associated shaft only in a defined direction of rotation, while the resistance runner runs freely in the opposite direction of rotation, i. H. there is no coupling between the shaft and the resistance runner. This makes it possible for the lift runner to overtake the resistance runner in terms of its rotational speed after a start-up phase in which the resistance runner transmits a torque to the shaft. If the buoyancy rotor rotates faster than the drag runner, the drag runner rotates in the reference frame of the shaft, which is rigidly connected to the buoyancy rotor, in the opposite direction to the direction of rotation. It runs freely in this direction of rotation and does not impede the faster movement of the buoyancy rotor.

To connect the resistance rotor to the shaft in such a way that torque can only be transmitted to the shaft in the defined direction of rotation via the resistance rotor, the resistance rotor is connected to the shaft via one or more one-way ball bearings according to one embodiment of the invention. In terms of their basic structure, such one-way ball bearings are comparable to those used in bottom bracket bearings for bicycles. Torque is transmitted to the shaft in one direction of rotation, with the one-way ball bearing being blocked in this case. On the other hand, when the resistance runner rotates counter to the direction of rotation relative to the shaft, the one-way ball bearing does not block, so that the resistance runner is rotatably connected to the shaft in this direction.

The buoyancy rotor is firmly connected to the shaft, for example by clamping blocks.

A further embodiment provides that the resistance runner comprises two blade arrangements, which are arranged in two vertically spaced planes of the wind turbine. The resistance rotor is thus divided into two sub-units which are arranged vertically one above the other. Each sub-unit has a blade arrangement which is designed, for example, as a Savonius rotor and has two blade-shaped rotors offset by 180°. In the two sub-units, the blade arrangements are offset by 90°. This ensures that the torque is transmitted to the shaft in a more evenly distributed manner.

Provision can be made for a mechanical brake to be arranged at the free end of the shaft, which brakes or blocks the wind turbine when a set maximum speed is reached.

It can further be provided that an electromagnetic, centrifugally controlled brake is arranged at the free end of the shaft, wherein the brake can be designed in such a way that the centrifugal Forced to move outwards, the brake shoes, equipped with permanent magnets, move between two metal discs and are slowed down there by the resulting magnetic field. The rule here is that the higher the speed, the greater the braking effect.

A toppled arrangement reduces in particular imbalances that occur because the lift rotor designed as a Darrieus rotor causes the flow applied to the vertically arranged rotor blades to break off briefly when it reaches the leeward side, thereby creating an imbalance. The intensity of this imbalance depends on the respective speed, wind speed and wind phenomenon. Wind phenomenon means whether the wind comes evenly from one direction or from rapidly changing directions, and/or whether the wind speed is even, constant or uneven, intermittent.

A further embodiment of the wind turbine system provides that several support cages with struts that can be fixed to gusset plates are assembled to form a stable mast. The struts increase the stability of the mast. Wind turbines are not necessarily arranged in all support cages. For example, several support cages without wind turbines initially serve to provide a mast, at the upper end of which one or more wind turbine modules (with wind turbine) are then arranged.

It can further be provided that several support cages form a foundation for a mast. The support cages can be provided with struts, walls and/or floors in order to form the foundation for a mast.

• 1 einen kubischen Stützkäfig eines erfindungsgemäßen Windturbinenmoduls;
• 2 den Stützkäfig der 1 mit zusätzlich vorgesehenen Verstrebungen;
• 3 in einer Ansicht in horizontaler Richtung von vorne ein Windturbinenmodul mit einer Windturbine, die in einem Stützkäfig gemäß der 1 angeordnet ist, wobei die Windturbine einen Widerstandsläufer und einen Auftriebsläufer umfasst;
• 4 eine Schnittansicht des Windturbinenmoduls der 3;
• 5 in einer Ansicht von oben ein Windturbinenmodul gemäß den 3 und 4, wobei an den vertikalen Seitenkanten des Windturbinenmoduls Wind-Kollektoren angeordnet sind, die eine vergrößerte Anströmfläche für den Wind bereitstellen;
• 6 in perspektivischer Ansicht zwei Windturbinenmodule gemäß der 5, wobei das obere Windturbinenmodul gestürzt auf dem unteren Windturbinenmodul angeordnet ist;
• 7 das Windturbinenmodul der 6 in einer Ansicht von vorne;
• 8 mehrere zu einem Mast zusammengesetzte Stützkäfige gemäß den 1 und 2, wobei am oberen Ende des Mastes zwei Windturbinenmodule entsprechend den 6 und 7 angeordnet sind, so dass das obere Windturbinenmodul gestürzt auf dem unteren Windturbinenmodul befestigt ist;
• 9 ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel eines Mastes, der aus mehreren Stützkäfigen gemäß den 1 und 2 zusammengesetzt ist, wobei die Basis des Mastes ebenfalls durch solche Stützkäfige gebildet wird;
• 10 ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel eines Mastes, der aus mehreren Stützkäfige gemäß den 1 und 2 zusammengesetzt ist, wobei die Basis des Mastes ebenfalls durch solche Stützkäfige gebildet wird, und wobei die Stützkäfige im Bereich der Basis mit Wänden und/oder Böden versehen sind;
• 11 in perspektivischer Ansicht zwei übereinander angeordnete und miteinander verbundene Windturbinenmodule, wobei das eine Modul mit einem Widerstandsläufer und das andere Modul mit einem Auftriebsläufer ausgestattet ist und die Wellen der beiden Module gekoppelt sind; und
• 12 eine vergrößerte und detailliertere Darstellung der Ausgestaltung eines Widerstandsläufers, bei dem ein Kraftschluss mit der Welle nur in der einen Drehrichtung besteht und in der anderen Drehrichtung aufgehoben ist.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the figures of the drawing using an exemplary embodiment. Show it:

• 1 a cubic support cage of a wind turbine module according to the invention;
• 2 the support cage of 1 with additional struts provided;
• 3 in a view in horizontal direction from the front, a wind turbine module with a wind turbine, which is in a support cage according to the 1 is arranged, wherein the wind turbine comprises a drag runner and a lift runner;
• 4 a sectional view of the wind turbine module of FIG 3 ;
• 5 in a view from above, a wind turbine module according to the 3 and 4 , wherein wind collectors are arranged on the vertical side edges of the wind turbine module, which provide an enlarged inflow area for the wind;
• 6 in a perspective view of two wind turbine modules according to 5 wherein the upper wind turbine module is arranged inverted on the lower wind turbine module;
• 7 the wind turbine module 6 in a front view;
• 8th several to a mast assembled support cages according to 1 and 2 , wherein at the top of the mast two wind turbine modules according to 6 and 7 are arranged so that the upper wind turbine module is mounted inverted on the lower wind turbine module;
• 9 another embodiment of a mast, which consists of several support cages according to 1 and 2 is composed, the base of the mast also being formed by such support cages;
• 10 another embodiment of a mast, which consists of several support cages according to 1 and 2 is composed, the base of the mast also being formed by such support cages, and wherein the support cages are provided with walls and/or floors in the region of the base;
• 11 a perspective view of two wind turbine modules arranged one above the other and connected to one another, one module being equipped with a resistance rotor and the other module being equipped with a lift rotor and the shafts of the two modules being coupled; and
• 12 an enlarged and more detailed representation of the design of a resistance runner, in which there is a frictional connection with the shaft only in one direction of rotation and is canceled in the other direction of rotation.

It is noted that only the 6 , 7 and 11 Represent embodiments of the present invention. The other figures serve for a better understanding of the invention.

The following description is based on the 1-5 describes a wind turbine module that includes a support cage and a wind turbine arranged within the support cage, the term “wind turbine” designating the components that are required for generating electrical energy from wind. Several interconnected wind turbine modules of this type are referred to as a wind turbine plant, wherein an advantageous embodiment provides that such a wind turbine system comprises two wind turbine modules, as in relation to FIG 6 and 7 is explained. In one aspect, the invention also relates to an advantageously designed wind turbine, whereby this wind turbine is, according to one embodiment, but not necessarily arranged in a support cage.

the 1 shows a support cage 5, which is generally cuboid, cubic in the illustrated embodiment. The support cage 5 is formed by a frame structure 6, which in the illustrated embodiment is formed by twelve tubes 60 running along the twelve edges of the cube. The tubes 60 include vertically oriented tubes 61 at the vertically extending edges of the cube and horizontally oriented tubes 62 at the horizontally extending edges of the cube.

A gusset plate 7 is arranged in each corner formed by two edges, which has bores 8 for fastening further components and/or for connecting a plurality of support cages 5 to one another. In the illustrated embodiment, a gusset plate 7 is arranged at each such corner, so that there are a total of 24 gusset plates, four in each case in the plane of a side surface of the cube.

According to the 2 it can be provided that the cube is structurally reinforced by struts 25 . In the illustrated embodiment, two struts 25 are provided on each side surface, which extend diagonally between two gusset plates 7 in the respective side surface.

the 3 until 5 show in a side view, in a sectional view and in a view from above a wind turbine module 100 having a wind turbine mounted in a support cage 5 according to FIGS 1 or 2 is arranged. The wind turbine comprises a shaft 2 running vertically and arranged centrally in the support cage 5 , a resistance rotor 3 , a lift rotor 4 and an electric generator 1 which is driven by the shaft 2 . Each shaft 2 is fitted with a ball bearing with a flange 20 (cf. 4 ) stored in an upper plate 9 and in a lower plate 10, the upper plate 9 and lower plate 10 being connected to gusset plates 7 directly or via interposed components. As a result, the wind turbine is firmly arranged inside the support cage 5 .

Provision is made here for the upper plate 9 and the lower plate 10 to be fastened to the support cage 5 with brackets by means of elastic damping elements 33 in order to dampen vibrations.

Depending on the design of the wind turbine module, connection elements 11 (cf. 7 ), mudguards 12 (cf. 6 ) or other components such as wind collectors 37 (cf. 5 ) to be attached.

The shaft 2 is also connected directly to the generator 1 via an elastic coupling 21 . The generator 1 is arranged on a mounting plate 30, as shown in FIG 4 can be seen. The fastening plate 30 is connected to the lower plate 10 for example via at least two threaded rods 31 together with fastening nuts 32 . As a result, the distance between the generator 1 and the lower plate 10 can be adjusted. The generator 1 is located in the lower area of the wind turbine module within the support cage 5, the fastening plate 30 lying at least approximately in the plane of the lower side surface of the cube formed by the support cage 5. A 3-phase alternating current is tapped from the generator 1 in a manner known per se. The corresponding contacts are not shown separately.

The resistance rotor 3 is designed as a Savonius rotor. It has two blade-shaped runners or rotor blades 13 . The resistance rotor 3 is designed in such a way that it has two planes 40, 41, each with two blade-shaped rotors or rotor blades 13. The levels 40, 41 are separated from one another by an intermediate floor 16. Furthermore, the resistance rotor 3 comprises a lower base 15 and an upper base 22. The rotor blades 13 are each offset by 180° around the vertical, centrally arranged shaft 2. The rotor blades 13 are arranged in such a way that they run around the shaft 2 in the form of a half-shell 14 from the edge of the respective base 15, 22 and intermediate base 16 around a quarter of the total opening of the rotor blades 13. The rotor blades 13 of the two levels 40, 41 are offset by 90 ° to each other.

It is pointed out that the formation of the resistance runner 3 with two levels 40, 41 is only to be understood as an example. Alternatively, the resistance rotor can also be designed with only one level or with more than two levels.

The resistance rotor 3 is connected to the shaft 2 via a ball bearing 17 and a one-way ball bearing 18 . The one-way ball bearing 18 only allows rotation in one direction of rotation.

The lift rotor 4 is designed as an H-Darrieus rotor, which has a plurality of rotor blades 34 arranged parallel to the axis of rotation of the shaft 2 . In the embodiment of 5 three such rotor blades 34 are provided. The rotor blades 34 are attached to support arms 42 . How from the 4 As can be seen, the lift rotor 4 is firmly connected to the vertical shaft 2 arranged centrally in the support cage 5 via a clamping block 19 in each case. The lift rotor 4 is thus firmly connected to the shaft 2, while the resistance rotor 3 is connected to the shaft 2 in such a way that a torque is transmitted to the shaft 2 via the resistance rotor 3 only in the direction of rotation of the wind turbine.

The resistance runner 3 starts up with a very low wind speed, but can turn at the maximum with the speed of the wind, i.e. it cannot turn faster than the wind. The lift rotor 4, on the other hand, only starts up at a significantly higher wind speed, but can then turn faster than the actual wind speed. If the resistance runner 3 rotates, it takes the buoyancy runner 4 with it via the vertical, central shaft 2 and pushes it, so to speak. If the speed is reached from which the lift rotor 4 can run faster than the wind speed, the lift rotor 4 overtakes the resistance rotor 3 and drives the generator 1 even more. The resistance rotor 3 moves relative to the rotational speed of the shaft 2 or the lift rotor 4 against the direction of rotation of the wind turbine. Such a design of resistance rotor 3, lift rotor 4 and shaft 2 is independent of the type of structural arrangement and attachment of the wind turbine and can also be used in wind turbines that are not arranged in a support cage 5.

the 12 shows an embodiment of the resistance rotor 3, which is connected to the shaft 2 via a one-way ball bearing 18, in an enlarged and detailed representation. The freewheel provided by the one-way ball bearing 18 in one direction of rotation has the task of canceling the non-positive connection of the connection with the shaft 2 in this direction of rotation.

The one-way ball bearing 18 comprises an outer ring 45, which is connected to the resistance runner 3 via a driver 51, and an inner ring 46, which is firmly connected to the shaft 2 via a driver such as a feather key 47. The lift rotor 4 is connected to the shaft 2 in a torque-proof manner. Due to the mode of operation of the one-way ball bearing 18 explained below, the outer ring 45 clamps in one direction of rotation with the inner ring 46 and thus with the shaft 2, while it runs freely in the other direction of rotation.

In ball freewheeling, balls 49 are pressed by pressure springs 48 in a direction of rotation into a narrowing gap 50 between inner ring 46 and outer ring 45 . If the outer ring 45 drives the inner ring 46 in the direction of the spring force, the balls 49 are clamped and a non-positive connection is created between the outer ring 45 and the inner ring 46, so that the shaft 2 and thus also the buoyancy rotor 4 are driven via the resistance rotor 3. When driven by the inner ring 45, ie when the lift rotor 4 rotates faster than the resistance rotor 3, the balls lift off the inner ring 46 and the non-positive connection to the outer ring 45 and thus to the resistance rotor 3 is canceled.

It is pointed out that in the exemplary embodiment shown, the rotor blades 34 of the lift rotor 4 , which naturally form a pressure side 340 and a suction side 341 , are aligned with their suction side 341 towards the axis 2 . This ensures that the wind sweeps past the suction side 341 in the module and thus a stronger lift is generated.

The wind turbine modules 100 can be equipped with flat, for example, rectangular wind collectors 37 in the 5 are shown. These run with their edge facing the support cage 5 along the vertically running edge or the tubes 61 of the support cage 5 formed there. The wind collectors 37 are arranged at an angle of 45° with respect to the outer surface of the cube. Other design variants provide for the wind collectors 37 to be designed to be pivotable on the respective edge. The wind collectors 37 increase the inflow area of the wind turbines and direct the wind onto the turbines. The wind collectors 37 can vary in size and shape.

The wind turbines are designed for a maximum speed. If this is reached, several technical devices come into play to keep the speed constant or, in extreme cases, to stop the turbine. On the one hand, the speed is limited by the maximum power output of the generator 1. If this is not sufficient, a mechanical brake 38 (cf. 4 ) triggered. This is accomplished by a device directly connected to the shaft 2, for example by a disc brake, which is triggered at a certain speed, or by a centrifugally controlled braking device using the eddy current method, the lift rotor 4 and the resistance rotor 3 are braked.

It is noted that the terms "vertical", "horizontal", "above" and "below" refer to a wind turbine module arranged according to its intended use. The shaft 2 runs vertically.

Several wind turbine modules 100 according to the 1-5 can be arranged side by side and/or one above the other, forming a wind turbine installation. The cube shape of the support cage 5 makes it possible to position several wind turbines at a very close distance from one another. According to the embodiment of 6 and 7 two wind turbine modules of identical design are connected to one another in such a way that the upper wind turbine module is overturned, ie is arranged upside down on the lower wind turbine module. A second wind turbine 35 of the upper wind turbine module is thus arranged upside down on a first wind turbine 36 of the lower wind turbine module. The second wind turbine 35 rotates in the opposite direction to the first wind turbine 36.

This arrangement of two wind turbines 35, 36 reduces imbalances that occur during the rotation of the lift rotor 4. It should be noted here that the flow on the vertically extending rotor blades 34 of the lift rotor 4 breaks off briefly when it reaches the leeward side, as a result of which an imbalance occurs. The intensity of this imbalance depends on the respective speed, wind speed and wind phenomenon. In order to counteract this imbalance, the second wind turbine 35 is arranged overturned on the first wind turbine 36 . It rotates in the opposite direction to the first wind turbine 36. This means that the imbalances in the two wind turbines 35, 36 are at least partially offset.

In order to support this effect, the oscillation frequency of one of the turbines can be regulated as follows, for example. Via a vibration sensor 43 in the 6 is shown schematically, the current imbalance is recorded and processed in an electronic control system (not shown). One of the two wind turbines is relieved or loaded when the oscillations and vibrations increase. When the load is relieved, the generator output is reduced, ie the speed is increased, and when the load is applied, the generator output is increased, ie the speed is reduced. The electronic control draws the required energy from the energy generated by the wind turbines.

In the 6 and 7 protective plates 12, which are arranged on the gusset plates 7, can be seen. The fenders 12 are arranged so that the top panel 9 and the bottom panel 10 can vibrate. The protective plates 12 protrude with a sufficient distance over the upper plate 9 and lower plate 10.

the 11 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a wind turbine installation which has two wind turbine modules which are arranged one above the other and are connected to one another.

It is provided that the resistance runner 3 and the buoyancy runner 4 are formed in different modules 100a, 100b, which is possible due to the modular design. Thus, one module 100a has a resistance runner 3 and the other module 100b has a lift runner 4 .

The resistance runner 3 and the buoyancy runner 4 are accordingly each housed in a separate support cage 5 . The resistance rotor 3 is connected to a vertical, central shaft 2 of the module 100a in such a way that a torque is transmitted via the resistance rotor 3 to the shaft 2 only in a defined direction of rotation, while the resistance rotor 3 runs freely counter to the defined direction of rotation. In the module 100b, the buoyancy rotor 4 is firmly connected to the shaft 2 of this module 100b.

It is further provided that the two shafts 2 of the two modules 100a, 100b are connected by means of an elastic coupling. The principle of start-up assistance is therefore retained. As a result, the wind can flow better through the lift rotor 4 and thus generate more negative pressure on the convex lift profile surfaces 34 directed towards the center and thus generate more energy from the wind.

The two shafts are connected to each other via a planetary gear 44, for example. The planetary gear 44 translates the rotational movement of the shaft 2 of the resistance rotor 3 in such a way that the shaft 2 of the lift rotor 4 runs faster than the shaft 2 of the resistance rotor. The lift rotor 4 thus reaches its optimal flow situation more quickly in order to run independently.

Support cages 5 with lift runners 4 and resistance runners 3 can be combined in any number.

the 8th shows an embodiment in which several modular support cages 5 according to 1 are assembled into a mast 24 by means of connecting elements 23 . The sides of the respective support cage 5 are in accordance with the 2 equipped with struts 25, which increase stability. The mast can be fitted with a concrete foundation ment 26, which is buried in the ground. At the top of the mast 24 are two wind turbine modules 100 according to the 6 and 7 or according to 11 arranged. Alternatively, a different number of wind turbine modules can also be implemented in the mast 24 . Provision can also be made for solar panels 29 to be arranged on the mast surface. It is pointed out here that the arrangement of one or more wind turbine modules with a cuboid support cage is of course also possible on a mast formed in a different way.

the 9 and 10 show embodiment variants of a wind turbine system with mast 24, in which the foundation 27 is arranged on the ground and formed by support cages 5, which are screwed together horizontally in one or more levels. The bolted cubes that form the foundation 27 can be filled with sand or gravel and equipped with floors and walls 28 on the outside. Furthermore, guy lines, for example in the form of supports or cables 52 , can be arranged at the corners of the mast 24 in order to increase the stability of the mast 24 .

It should be understood that the invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the concepts described herein. It is further pointed out that any of the features described can be used separately or in combination with any other features, provided they are not mutually exclusive. The disclosure extends to and encompasses all combinations and sub-combinations of one or more features described herein. If ranges are defined, these include all values within these ranges as well as all sub-ranges that fall within a range.

Reference List

1

generator

2

vertical central shaft

3

resistance runner

4

lift runner

5

modular support cage

6

frame construction

7

gusset plate

8th

recording holes

9

top plate

10

sub-plate

11

connecting elements

12

fenders

13

rotor blades

14

half shell

15

lower floor

16

intermediate floor

17

ball-bearing

18

Disposable ball bearings

19

terminal block

20

Ball bearing with flange

21

Elastic coupling

22

top floor

23

connecting elements

24

mast

25

braces

26

concrete foundation

27

Foundation with support cages

28

walls and floors

29

solar panels

30

mounting plate

31

threaded rods

32

mounting nuts

33

damping elements

34

Lift wing / rotor blade

340

Pressure side rotor blade

341

suction side rotor blade

35

second wind turbine

36

first wind turbine

37

wind collector

38

mechanical brake

40

upper level of the resistance runner

41

lower level of the resistance runner

42

Support arms of the buoyancy runner

43

sensor

44

planetary gear

45

Outer ring one-way ball bearing

46

Inner ring one-way ball bearing

47

Driver groove inner ring/shaft

48

compression spring

49

balls

50

gap

51

Driver groove outer ring/buoyancy rotor

52

Guy ropes/guy struts

61

vertical tubes

62

horizontal tubes

100

wind turbine module

100a

Wind turbine module with resistance rotor only

100b

Wind turbine module with lift rotor only

Claims (16)

Wind turbine installation, which has wind turbine modules (100) arranged vertically one above the other, the wind turbine modules (100) each having: - a wind turbine of vertical construction, which has a vertical, centrally arranged shaft (2), at least one rotatable rotor connected to the shaft (2). (3, 4) and an electrical generator (1) driven via the shaft (2), - the wind turbine being arranged within a cuboid support cage (5), and - the wind turbine modules (100) being connected to one another via their support cages (5). are connected, characterized in that - the wind turbine system has two wind turbine modules (100a, 100b) arranged vertically one above the other, one wind turbine module (100a) comprising a wind turbine which has a resistance rotor (3) but no lift rotor (4), and the other Wind turbine module (100b) comprises a wind turbine which has a lift rotor (4) but no resistance rotor (3), - wherein a torque can be transmitted via the resistance rotor (3) to the shaft (2) of the associated wind turbine module (100a) only in a defined direction of rotation, while the resistance rotor (3) runs freely counter to the direction of rotation, - the shafts (2) of the two wind turbine modules (100a, 100b) are coupled to one another, and wherein - two such wind turbine modules (100a, 100b) arranged vertically one above the other, whose shafts (2) are coupled to one another, have fallen, i.e. upside down on two further such wind turbine modules (100a, 1st 00b) whose shafts (2) are coupled to one another are arranged. wind turbine plant claim 1 , characterized in that the two shafts (2) of the two wind turbines arranged vertically one above the other are each coupled to one another via a transmission gear (44), the transmission gear (44) being arranged and designed in such a way that the rotational speed of the wind turbine with lift rotor (4) is greater than the rotational speed of the wind turbine with drag rotor (3). Wind turbine installation, which has wind turbine modules (100) arranged vertically one above the other, the wind turbine modules (100) each having: - a wind turbine of vertical construction, which has a vertical, centrally arranged shaft (2), at least one rotatable rotor connected to the shaft (2). (3, 4) and an electrical generator (1) driven via the shaft (2), - the wind turbine being arranged within a cuboid support cage (5), and - the wind turbine modules (100) being connected to one another via their support cages (5). are connected, characterized in that the wind turbine of each wind turbine module comprises at least one resistance rotor (3) and at least one lift rotor (4), the lift rotor (4) being firmly connected to the shaft (2) and the resistance rotor (3) being connected to the Shaft (2) is connected in that a torque can only be transmitted to the shaft (2) in a defined direction of rotation via the resistance runner (3), while the resistance rotor (3) runs freely counter to the direction of rotation, and the wind turbine system has two wind turbine modules (100) of identical design arranged vertically one above the other, the upper wind turbine module being arranged upside down, ie upside down on the lower wind turbine module, the wind turbines (35, 36) of the two wind turbine modules (100) run with different directions of rotation. Wind turbine installation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of support cages (5) are connected with struts (25) to form a stable mast (24). Wind turbine plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support cage (5) is formed by a frame construction (6) which forms the edges of the cuboid formed by the support cage. Wind turbine plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by two vertically spaced plates, an upper plate (9) and a lower plate (10), which are each connected to the support cage (5) and between which the wind turbine is arranged. Wind turbine installation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wind turbine is decoupled from the supporting cage (5) via damping elements (33). Wind turbine installation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a gusset plate (7) is arranged at a corner of the support cage (5) at which two edges of the cuboid formed by the support cage meet, which has receiving bores (8) for fastening further has components. Wind turbine installation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support cage (5) is cubic. Wind turbine installation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support cage (5) has additional struts (25) which are each arranged in the plane of a side face of the support cage (5). Wind turbine plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wind turbine module (100) further comprises at least one wind collector (37) which is arranged on a vertically running edge structure (61) of the support cage (5). Wind turbine installation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the resistance rotor (3) is connected to the shaft (2) via one or more one-way ball bearings (18). Wind turbine plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the resistance runner (3) comprises two blade arrangements in each case, which are arranged in two vertically spaced planes (40, 41) of the wind turbine. Wind turbine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the resistance rotor (3) is in each case designed as a Savonius rotor and comprises at least two blade-shaped rotors (13) which are arranged offset. Wind turbine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lift rotor (4) is designed as an H-Darrieus rotor which has at least two rotor blades (34) arranged parallel to the axis of rotation and fastened to support arms (42). wind turbine after claim 15 , characterized in that the rotor blades (34) have a suction side (341) and a pressure side (340), the suction side (340) being directed towards the axis of rotation (2) of the wind turbine.

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