DE102018120696A1 - Endoscope with a movable component - Google Patents

Abstract

An endoscope (10) comprises a shaft (20) with an end face (24) at a distal end (23) of the shaft (20) for insertion into a cavity to be viewed; a movable member (30) having an end face (32) disposed at the distal end (23) of the shaft (20) and movable relative to the distal end (23) of the shaft (20) between a first configuration in which the shaft (20) is insertable into a cavity and a second configuration which is provided for viewing the cavity; a first optical device (50) on the end face (24) of the shaft (20); and a second optical device (60) on the movable component (30). In the first configuration, the end face (32) of the movable component 0 is arranged opposite the end face (24) of the shaft (20) or bears against it. In the second configuration, the movable component (30) is arranged next to the distal end (23) of the shaft (20).

Description

The present invention relates to an endoscope with a shaft and a movable component at a distal end of the shaft.

In DE 34 15 771 A1 describes an endoscope with a flexible shaft, the distal end of which can be pivoted or bent (page 6 , Lines 10 to 13 ). A housing 26 at the proximal end of the endoscope includes a pair of racks 36 . 37 each with a cable or wire 38 . 39 connected (page 13 , Lines 11 to 22 ; 3 to 5 ). By means of a control device 29 who have a lever 42 , which can be engaged by a finger, or an operating disc 45 is a gear 41 rotatable, the rotation of which racks 36 . 37 postponed (ibid.).

In DE 39 21 233 C2 is an endoscope with a video unit arranged at its distal end 1 described (title; column 2 , Lines 28 to 43 ; column 7 , Lines 30 to 33 ; 1 ). The video unit 1 includes a lens 10 , an image sensor 11 and a lighting unit or a light exit surface 7 ' (Column 2 , Lines 28 to 43 ; column 8th , Lines 10 to 18 ; 1 ). After insertion into a cavity, the video unit is 1 opposite the distal end of the endoscope shaft 2 around one to the axis 2 ' of the endoscope shaft 2 parallel and related to the face of the video unit 1 eccentric axis 3 swiveling out of the contour of the endoscope shaft (column 2 , Lines 28 to 43 ; column 8th , Lines 10 to 18 ; 1 ).

In DE 39 21 233 C2 is further described that at the distal end of the endoscope shaft 2 two video units 1' . 1" can be provided (column 8th , Lines 62 to 65 ). movement elements 7 both video units 1 . 1' can be in different channels 8th' . 8th" be led (column 9 , Lines 2 to 5 ; 5 ). One of the two video units 1 . 1' can be slidable in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the endoscope shaft, so that both video units 1 . 1' after pivoting out in the same plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the endoscope to enable stereoscopic recordings (column 9 , Lines 5 to 12 ). One of the two video units 1 . 1' can be replaced by a light source or by an ultrasound array or another imaging sensor (column 9 , Lines 15 to 20 ). Alternatively, both video units 1 . 1' be replaced by two laser diodes or another endoscopic measuring system, being in a central main channel 4 of the endoscope, a conventional optical system or a video unit can be introduced (column 9 , Lines 20 to 27 ; 5b) ,

In DE 39 21 233 C2 is also an endoscope with a video unit 1 that one to the axis 2 ' of the endoscope shaft 2 vertical axis 20 is pivotable, described (column 9 , Lines 34 to 37 ; 6 ). The video unit 1 has two lenses 10 ' . 10 " , whose optical axes enclose a 180-degree angle, and two image recorders 11 ' . 11 " on (column 9 , Lines 37 to 40 ; 6 ). In a position parallel to the endoscope shaft 2 can the video unit 1 an opening of a canal 4 in the endoscope shaft 2 release (column 9 , Lines 41 to 48 ; 6 ).

In DE 42 41 938 B4 describes an endoscope with stereo side-view optics (title, paragraph [0001]). In an angled distal area of the endoscope, two image recorders arranged one behind the other are each from an image sensor 5 and a lens 6 looking to the side, provided (paragraphs [0023], [0049], 1 to 3 ). In addition, an image sensor can be provided in the straight-ahead direction (paragraph [0060], 4 ).

In DE 10 2005 045 729 A1 describes a lighting system for endoscopic examinations (title, summary, paragraph [0001]). One or two lighting units 2 or lighting subunits 2a each comprise several LED elements 3 and are opposite the distal end of an endoscope shaft 1 arranged pivotably or angled (paragraphs [0006], [0007], [0010], [0036], [0043], [0048], [0051], [0056], [0061], figures). For swiveling the lighting units 2 or lighting subunits 2a is one in the endoscope shaft 1 stored actuating element, in particular a pull / push rod or a Bowden cable provided (paragraph [0047]).

In EP 2 394 567 B1 describes an endoscope with a shaft in which a heat pipe in the form of a heat pipe is arranged (paragraph [0001]) in order to dissipate heat generated by LEDs (paragraphs [0003], [0025]).

An object of the present invention is to provide an improved endoscope with a shaft and a movable component at a distal end of the shaft.

This object is solved by the subject matter of the independent claims.

Developments are specified in the dependent claims.

An endoscope comprises a shaft with an end face at a distal end of the shaft, for insertion into a cavity to be viewed, a movable component with an end face, which is arranged at the distal end of the shaft and is movable between one of them and relative to the distal end of the shaft first configuration in which the shaft is insertable into a cavity, and a second configuration, which is provided for viewing the cavity, a first optical device on the end face of the shaft and a second optical device on the movable component, wherein in the first configuration the end face of the movable component is opposite the End face of the shaft is arranged or abuts against it, and wherein in the second configuration the movable component is arranged next to the distal end of the shaft.

The endoscope is intended and designed in particular for use in microinvasive medical measures or for other medical applications. Alternatively, the endoscope is provided and designed for technical applications - such an endoscope is often also referred to as a borescope. The shaft of the endoscope can be completely straight or partially or completely curved, completely rigid or partially or completely flexible.

The end face at the distal end of the shaft can be flat or curved. The end face is in particular arranged orthogonally or substantially orthogonally to the longitudinal axis of the shaft, i. H. the angle between the surface normal or the mean surface normal of the end face or the surface normal of the end face in the middle thereof on the one hand and the longitudinal axis of the shaft on the other hand is not more than 5 degrees or not more than 10 degrees. Alternatively, the face may be inclined at the distal end of the shaft.

In the first configuration of the endoscope, the movable component is in particular arranged in such a way that it extends the shaft distally. In this first configuration, the shaft with the movable component can be inserted into a cavity, for example through a trocar sleeve or through another narrow access.

In the first configuration, the end face of the movable component and the end face at the distal end of the shaft - in particular if they are each flat or essentially flat - can be arranged in parallel or substantially in parallel. The end face of the movable component can touch the end face at the distal end of the shaft in a punctiform or linear or flat manner.

In the second configuration of the endoscope, the movable component is arranged partially or completely next to the distal end of the shaft. The end face on the movable component is arranged in particular next to or essentially next to the end face on the distal end of the shaft and is oriented essentially in the same direction.

In this second configuration, the shaft with the movable component could only be inserted through an opening with a significantly enlarged cross section. However, this second configuration can enable or simplify the acquisition of a stereo image or an enlarged solid angle range by means of a plurality of analog (in particular purely optical) or digital image acquisition devices or have other advantages for the functionality of the endoscope.

The first optical device on the end face of the shaft is in particular arranged immediately proximal to the end face at the distal end of the shaft and adjacent to this end face. The first optical device is, in particular, permanently connected to the distal end of the shaft, and cannot be removed in a non-destructive manner, or is integrated therein.

The first optical device comprises, in particular, a lens for generating a real image, which can be transmitted proximally by means of a relay lens arrangement or an ordered bundle of optical fibers or in some other way and / or recorded by one or more image sensors. Alternatively or additionally, the first optical device at the distal end of the shaft can comprise one or more light exit surfaces from one or more light guides for transmitting illuminating light and / or one or more light-emitting diodes or other light sources for generating illuminating light.

The second optical device is arranged on, in particular in the movable component. The second optical device is, in particular, permanently connected to the movable component or integrated into it in a non-destructive manner.

The second optical device includes in particular a lens or another device for generating a real image and one or more image sensors for capturing this image. As an alternative or in addition, the second optical device can comprise one or more light exit surfaces from one or more light guides for transmitting illuminating light and / or one or more light-emitting diodes or other light sources for generating illuminating light.

In contrast to the one in DE 39 21 233 C2 based on 6 The endoscope described here can enable, for example, the acquisition of a stereo image, a partial image of the stereo image being generated by the first optical device and a further partial image being generated by the second optical device. Furthermore, the Endoscope described here, the first optical device generate a real image that can be transmitted from a relay lens system or an ordered bundle of optical fibers or another image transmission device along the shaft to the proximal end of the endoscope.

In the case of an endoscope, as is described here, the movable component can in particular be pivoted relative to the shaft about a predetermined pivot axis orthogonal to a longitudinal axis of the shaft.

In the case of an endoscope, as described here, the movable component can be pivoted in particular about a predetermined pivot axis orthogonal to a longitudinal axis of the shaft, the predetermined pivot axis being arranged on the end face of the shaft.

An endoscope comprises a shaft with an end face at a distal end of the shaft, for insertion into a cavity to be viewed, a movable component with an end face, which is arranged at the distal end of the shaft and is movable between one of them and relative to the distal end of the shaft first configuration, in which the shaft can be inserted into a cavity, and a second configuration, which is provided for viewing the cavity, in the first configuration the end face of the movable component being arranged opposite or abutting the end face of the shaft, wherein in According to the second configuration, the movable component is arranged next to the distal end of the shaft, the movable component being pivotable about a predetermined pivot axis orthogonal to a longitudinal axis of the shaft, and the predetermined pivot axis being arranged on the end face of the shaft.

The predetermined pivot axis is arranged in particular on the end face of the shaft and on the end face of the movable component. The predetermined pivot axis is arranged in particular on or near an edge of the end face of the shaft and on or near the edge of the end face of the movable component.

The predetermined pivot axis is arranged on an end face if the distance between the predetermined pivot axis and the end face is not greater than half or not greater than a third or not greater than a fifth or not greater than a tenth of the diameter of the shaft of the endoscope.

An arrangement of the predetermined pivot axis on the end face of the shaft can allow a significantly more robust construction than, for example, in FIG DE 39 21 233 C2 based on 6 is shown.

In the case of an endoscope, as described here, in the second configuration the end face of the movable component is arranged in particular next to the end face of the shaft.

In the case of an endoscope, as described here, the end face of the movable component and the end face of the shaft are in particular arranged essentially in one plane in the second configuration.

In the case of an endoscope, as described here, the predetermined pivot axis is arranged in particular on the edge of the end face of the shaft and on the edge of the end face of the movable component.

This arrangement can enable a particularly robust mechanical connection between the movable component and the distal end of the shaft.

An endoscope, as described here, in particular has no working channel.

An endoscope comprises a shaft with an end face at a distal end of the shaft, for insertion into a cavity to be viewed, a movable component with an end face, which is arranged at the distal end of the shaft and is movable between one of them and relative to the distal end of the shaft a first configuration, in which the shaft can be inserted into a cavity, and a second configuration, which is provided for viewing the cavity, in the first configuration the end face of the movable component being arranged opposite or abutting the end face of the shaft, wherein in In the second configuration, the movable component is arranged next to the distal end of the shaft, and the endoscope has no working channel.

A working channel is a channel located partially or completely within the cross-section of the shaft of an endoscope, through which an instrument is pushed in situ to the distal end of the shaft or another object or fluid from the proximal region of the endoscope to the distal end of the shaft or can be moved or conveyed from the distal end to the proximal region of the shaft.

Dispensing with a working channel creates space for the first optical device at the distal end of the shaft. For example, this can have a larger cross section, in particular a larger aperture of an objective of the first optical Allow device and / or a larger image sensor for capturing the real image generated by the lens or the arrangement of a relay lens system or another device for transmitting the image generated by the lens.

In the case of an endoscope, as described here, in the first configuration the movable component does not protrude, or does not protrude significantly, beyond a lateral surface of the shaft that is just continued distally.

In the case of a circular cylindrical shaft, the movable component in the first configuration therefore does not protrude, or not significantly, beyond the lateral surface of the circular cylinder whose lateral surface contains the lateral surface of the shaft. In the first configuration, the movable component does not protrude significantly beyond the circumferential surface of the shaft, which extends straight distally, if it projects by no more than a fifth or no more than a tenth of the diameter of the shaft.

An endoscope, as described here, in particular further comprises a sensor on the movable component.

An endoscope, as described here, in particular furthermore comprises a sensor on an end face of the movable component.

The sensor is provided and designed in particular for measuring a pressure, a temperature, a pH value, another concentration or another chemical parameter or a physical measured value. The sensor can comprise a laser, for example for scanning an inner surface of a cavity. The sensor is in particular arranged under the end face and adjacent to the end face of the movable component. The sensor is in particular permanently and non-destructively detachably connected to the movable component or integrated into the movable component.

In the case of an endoscope, as described here, the first optical device on the end face of the shaft in particular comprises an objective or another imaging device for generating a real image of an object.

The first optical device may further comprise an image sensor for capturing the real image or a relay lens system or an ordered bundle of optical fibers or another image transmission device for transmitting the real image generated by the lens or the other imaging device.

In the case of an endoscope, as described here, the second optical device is arranged in particular on the end face of the movable component.

An arrangement of the second optical device on the end face of the movable component, which in the first configuration is arranged opposite the distal end of the shaft, can allow an arrangement of the second optical device next to the first optical device in the second configuration.

If the movable component further comprises a sensor, the second optical device and the sensor are arranged in particular on end faces of the movable component that face away from one another.

In the case of an endoscope, as described here, the movable component has, in particular, essentially the shape of a cylinder with two end faces and one lateral surface, the second optical device being arranged on the lateral surface of the movable component.

The movable component has in particular the shape of a circular cylinder. The second optical device is in particular arranged on the lateral surface of the movable component such that in the second configuration a light entry surface or light exit surface of the second optical device is arranged on a side of the movable component facing away from the shaft.

In the case of an endoscope, as described here, the second optical device on the movable component comprises in particular an objective or another imaging device for generating a real image of an object.

In the case of an endoscope, as described here, the second optical device on the movable component comprises, in particular, a lens or another imaging device for generating a real image of an object, the first optical device and the second optical device being designed to detect different wavelength ranges are.

The second optical device on the movable component in particular further comprises an image sensor for capturing the real image generated by the objective or the other imaging device.

In particular, the first optical device for detecting light within the entire wavelength range visible to the healthy human eye and the second optical device Device provided or designed largely or exclusively for detecting fluorescent light within a narrow wavelength range (in the infrared, in the visible or in the ultraviolet wavelength range) or vice versa.

In the case of an endoscope as described here, an angular position of the movable component relative to the distal end of the shaft can be changed in particular within a predetermined angular range.

In the case of an endoscope as described here, the second optical device on the movable component comprises in particular an objective or another imaging device for producing a real image of an object, an angular position of the movable component relative to the distal end of the shaft within a predetermined one Angular range is variable in order to move an intersection between an optical axis of the imaging device of the first optical device and an optical axis of the imaging device of the second optical device or to enlarge a solid angle range detected by the imaging device of the first optical device and the imaging device of the second optical device or downsize.

If the first optical device on the distal end of the shaft and the second optical device on the movable component are jointly provided and designed for capturing a stereo image, by pivoting the movable component relative to the distal end of the shaft and thus pivoting the optical axis, the Imaging device of the second optical device in the movable component relative to the optical axis of the imaging device of the first optical device in the distal end of the shaft, the intersection between the two optical axes are moved. This can be used to shift the area (often referred to as the zero level) in which objects lie that are detected without disparity.

If the first optical device is provided and formed on the distal end of the shaft and the second optical device on the movable component for detecting overlapping or adjacent regions, the size of the through can be moved by moving the movable component relative to the distal end of the shaft Both optical devices can be changed together.

An endoscope, as described here, in particular further comprises a third optical device.

An endoscope, as described here, in particular further comprises a third optical device, wherein the third optical device comprises a lens or another device for generating a real image of an object.

The third optical device is arranged in particular on the movable component. The third optical device may further comprise an image sensor for detecting the real image generated by the lens or the other device for generating a real image.

In the case of an endoscope, as is described here, the movable component has in particular a further end surface facing away from the end surface, the third optical device being arranged on the further end surface of the movable component.

An endoscope, as described here, in particular further comprises a further movable component which is connected to the movable component in an articulated manner, the third optical device being arranged on the further movable component.

In particular, the movable component and the further movable component are each cylindrical or substantially cylindrical with a lateral surface and two end faces facing away from one another, the second optical device being arranged on the lateral surface of the movable component and the third optical device being arranged on the lateral surface of the further movable component ,

In the case of an endoscope as described here, in particular at least either the first optical device or the second optical device has a plurality of light sources for generating light with different spectral properties.

In particular, one or more light sources are provided for generating light that is perceived by the healthy human eye as white, and one or more light sources for generating light for exciting fluorescence and / or for therapeutic purposes.

An endoscope, as described here, in particular furthermore comprises a pressure sensor or a laser measuring device or another measuring device for detecting one or more measured values on the movable component or on the distal end of the shaft.

In the case of an endoscope, as is described here, the shaft has in particular a first contact surface, the further movable component being complementary to the first contact surface Shaped second contact surface, wherein in the first configuration, the second contact surface is spaced from the first contact surface, and wherein in the second configuration, the second contact surface on the further movable component touches the first contact surface on the shaft.

In the case of an endoscope, as described here, the shaft has in particular a first contact surface, the movable component having a second contact surface which is shaped complementarily to the first contact surface, the second contact surface being spaced apart from the first contact surface in the first configuration, and wherein in the second configuration the second contact surface touches the first contact surface.

An endoscope comprises a shaft for insertion into a cavity to be viewed, a movable component which is arranged at the distal end of the shaft and is movable relative to the distal end of the shaft between a first configuration in which the shaft can be inserted into a cavity, and a second configuration, which is provided for viewing the cavity, a first contact surface on the shaft and a second contact surface on the movable component which is shaped complementarily to the first contact surface, the second contact surface being spaced apart from the first contact surface in the first configuration, and wherein in the second configuration the second contact surface contacts the first contact surface.

The first contact surface and the second contact surface are each in particular flat or cylindrical (for example circular cylindrical) and have the same curvature, one of the two contact surfaces being convex and the other being concave. The flat contact of the contact surfaces enables heat transfer or heat conduction from the movable component to the shaft. Waste heat generated in the movable component can be transferred to the shaft and conducted in the shaft to the proximal end of the endoscope and thus out of the cavity under consideration.

An endoscope, as described here, in particular further comprises a heat pipe or another heat-conducting device in the shaft, which is connected directly to the first contact surface in a heat-conductive manner.

The heat pipe or other heat conduction device can enable a transfer of waste heat, which is released in the movable component, to the proximal end of the endoscope and thus out of the cavity under consideration. Alternatively or additionally, the heat pipe or other heat conduction device can allow the waste heat to be distributed and thus the waste heat to be dissipated at a lower surface temperature of the shaft. Optionally, the heat pipe or other heat conduction device can also transfer waste heat that arises at the distal end of the shaft to the proximal end of the endoscope or distribute it along the shaft.

An endoscope, as described here, in particular further comprises an elastic component that mechanically connects the movable component to the distal end of the shaft.

The elastic component can create an articulated connection between the movable component and the distal end of the shaft and, in particular, act like a solid-state joint. The elasticity of the elastic component stems from the mechanical, in particular the elastic properties of the material or materials of the elastic component and from its shape. The shape of the elastic component can, in particular, allow the movable component to be moved relative to the distal end of the shaft predominantly or almost exclusively about a predetermined pivot axis. The elastic component can have, for example, spring steel, nitinol or another nickel-titanium alloy or another pseudo-elastic metal alloy or a plastic, or can be formed entirely from one of these materials.

An endoscope, as described here, in particular further comprises a thermally conductive elastic component, which connects the movable component to the distal end of the shaft in a heat-conductive manner both in the first configuration and in the second configuration.

An endoscope comprises a shaft for insertion into a cavity to be viewed, a movable component which is arranged at the distal end of the shaft and is movable relative to the distal end of the shaft between a first configuration in which the shaft can be inserted into a cavity, and a second configuration provided for viewing the cavity, and a thermally conductive resilient member that thermally connects the moveable member to the distal end of the shaft in both the first configuration and the second configuration.

The thermally conductive elastic component can enable or support the dissipation of waste heat released in the movable component to the distal end of the shaft. Optionally, the thermally conductive elastic component can additionally create an articulated mechanical connection between the movable component and the distal end of the shaft, similar to a solid-state joint.

The thermally conductive elastic component is in particular a component as it is offered and sold as a “thermal strap”. The thermally conductive elastic component is in particular partially or completely made of copper, silver, aluminum, gold, graphite, graphene, diamond, carbon nanotubes, silicon carbide, aluminum nitride or another material whose thermal conductivity is at least half the thermal conductivity of pure copper, ie at least 200 W / Km is formed.

The thermally conductive elastic component connects the movable component to the distal end of the shaft in the first configuration, in the second configuration and in all further configurations, in particular between the first configuration and the second configuration. The thermally conductive elastic component is in particular thermally conductively connected to a distal end of a heat pipe or another heat conducting device which is arranged in the shaft in order to transfer waste heat to the proximal end of the endoscope or to distribute it along the shaft.

In the case of an endoscope, as described here, the elastic energy stored in the elastic component is particularly minimal, either in the first configuration or in the second configuration.

If no further force acts on the movable component, the elastic component moves the movable component into the configuration in which the elastic component contains the least elastic energy. The elastic component comprises, for example, a spring element in the form of a helix or in another shape, which consists of spring steel, nitinol or another pseudo-elastic material.

The endoscope may include a cable, a Bowden cable, a wire, or other force transmission device for transmitting a force to the movable component and for moving the movable component into a configuration in which the elastic component has a higher elastic energy.

An endoscope, as described here, in particular further comprises an outer shaft, which encloses a cylindrical cavity, the outer shaft being movable relative to the shaft and the movable component between a first position, in which the shaft and at least part of the movable component are arranged in the cavity enclosed by the outer shaft, and a second position in which the movable component is arranged outside the cavity enclosed by the outer shaft.

An endoscope, as described here, in particular further comprises an elastic component that mechanically connects the movable component to the distal end of the shaft, and an outer shaft that encloses a cavity, the outer shaft being movable relative to the shaft and the movable component is between a first position, in which the shaft and at least a part of the movable component are arranged in the cavity enclosed by the outer shaft, and a second position, in which the movable component is arranged outside the cavity enclosed by the outer shaft, the in elastic energy stored in the elastic component is minimal in the second configuration.

An endoscope comprises a shaft for insertion into a cavity to be viewed, a movable component which is arranged at the distal end of the shaft and is movable relative to the distal end of the shaft between a first configuration in which the shaft can be inserted into a cavity, and a second configuration provided for viewing the cavity, an elastic member that mechanically connects the movable member to the distal end of the shaft, and an outer shaft that encloses a cavity, the outer shaft relative to the shaft and the movable member is movable between a first position, in which the shaft and at least a part of the movable component are arranged in the cavity enclosed by the outer shaft, and a second position, in which the movable component is arranged outside the cavity enclosed by the outer shaft, and wherein the elastic stored in the elastic component Energy is minimal in the second configuration.

The cavity enclosed by the outer shaft is encased by the outer shaft so that the shaft and the movable component can protrude distally and optionally also the shaft or the proximal end of the endoscope proximally from the cavity encased by the outer shaft. The cavity enclosed by the outer shaft is in particular cylindrical or essentially cylindrical. The cross section of the cavity enclosed by the outer shaft and the cross section of the shaft of the endoscope are in particular matched to one another in such a way that the shaft is guided and can be moved with little play and friction in the cavity enclosed by the outer shaft.

When the outer shaft is positioned relative to the shaft of the endoscope in the first distal position, it forces the moveable member to be positioned relative to the distal end of the shaft in the first configuration. If the outer shaft is arranged relative to the shaft in the second, proximal position, the movable component - in particular driven by a restoring force of the elastic component - can be moved to the second configuration.

The movement of the outer shaft relative to the shaft and the movable component between the first, distal position and the second, proximal position is carried out, for example, manually, in that medical personnel or another person using the endoscope manually apply a corresponding force on the proximal End of the outer shaft.

An endoscope, as described here, in particular further comprises a gear wheel which is rigidly connected to the movable component or is mechanically coupled in some other way, and a toothed rack or worm which is movable in the shaft and which meshes with the gear wheel, so that movement the rack or worm is accompanied by movement of the movable component.

An endoscope comprises a shaft for insertion into a cavity to be viewed, a movable component which is arranged at the distal end of the shaft and is movable relative to the distal end of the shaft between a first configuration in which the shaft can be inserted into a cavity, and a second configuration intended for viewing the cavity, a gear that is rigidly connected or otherwise mechanically coupled to the movable member, and a rack or worm movable in the shaft that meshes with the gear so that a Movement of the rack or worm is accompanied by movement of the movable component.

In accordance with the intended range of movement of the movable component relative to the distal end of the shaft, the gear wheel does not have to have teeth on its entire circumference. If, for example, the movable component can only be swiveled by at most 180 degrees, the gearwheel can be designed as a half gearwheel and have teeth only along an arc of a circle which covers an angle of 180 degrees or somewhat more.

The gearwheel can have teeth protruding radially outwards or teeth extending in the axial direction. Teeth of the gear wheel can be formed, for example, by pins with a circular cylindrical or other shape, which can be arranged on or near an arcuate edge of a disk or between two, in particular, parallel disks. The axis of rotation of the gear is in particular the pivot axis of the movable component.

The rack is provided, designed and guided in particular for a movement parallel or substantially parallel to a longitudinal axis of the shaft. For example, teeth of the rack can extend in a direction orthogonal to the axis of rotation of the gear or in a direction parallel to the axis of rotation of the gear. Teeth of the rack can be formed by areas between grooves in the rack or by cylindrical or other cylindrical areas of the rack.

The worm can in particular be rotated about an axis which is parallel or essentially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the shaft of the endoscope.

An endoscope, as described here, in particular furthermore comprises a manually movable control part at a proximal end of the endoscope, a cam disk which is mechanically coupled to the manually movable control part, and a rope or a Bowden cable or a wire or a pull or Push rod or another power transmission device that couples the cam disc to the movable component.

The movable control part is particularly movable relative to other parts of the endoscope. The movable control unit is, for example, a rotary wheel or a scissor handle.

The cam is in particular directly mechanically rigidly connected to the movable control panel. Alternatively, the cam disc can be coupled to the movable control panel via a gear.

The cam disk has, for example, a groove in which a rope, a Bowden cable or a wire is guided, the end of which can be mechanically rigidly connected to the cam disk. Alternatively, like a cam on a camshaft, the cam can act on a proximal end of a pull or push rod that is elastically pressed against the cam. Alternatively, the cam disc can have a groove in which, for example, a pin engages at a proximal end of a pull or push rod.

An endoscope, as described here, in particular further comprises a scissor handle at a proximal end of the endoscope with two handle parts movable relative to one another, the handle parts being coupled to the shaft and to the movable component in such a way that a relative movement of the handle parts with one movement of the movable component relative to the shaft.

In particular, one of the two handle parts movable relative to one another is directly or indirectly mechanically rigidly connected to a proximal end of the shaft of the endoscope. In this case, the other of the two handle parts is coupled to the movable component in particular by a cable, a Bowden cable, a wire, a pull or push rod or another force transmission device.

list of figures

• 1 eine schematische Darstellung eines Endoskops;
• 2 eine weitere schematische Darstellung des Endoskops aus 1;
• 3 eine weitere schematische Darstellung des Endoskops aus den 1 und 2;
• 4 eine weitere schematische Darstellung des Endoskops aus den 1 bis 3;
• 5 eine weitere schematische Darstellung des Endoskops aus den 1 bis 4;
• 6 eine schematische Darstellung einer Variante des Endoskops aus den 1 bis 5;
• 7 eine weitere schematische Darstellung des Endoskops aus 6;
• 8 eine schematische Darstellung einer weiteren Variante des Endoskops aus den 1 bis 5;
• 9 eine schematische Darstellung einer weiteren Variante des Endoskops aus den 1 bis 5;
• 10 eine schematische Darstellung einer weiteren Variante des Endoskops aus den 1 bis 5;
• 11 eine schematische Darstellung einer weiteren Variante des Endoskops aus den 1 bis 5;
• 12 eine schematische Darstellung einer weiteren Variante des Endoskops aus den 1 bis 5;
• 13 eine schematische Darstellung einer weiteren Variante des Endoskops aus den 1 bis 5;
• 14 eine schematische Darstellung einer weiteren Variante des Endoskops aus den 1 bis 5;
• 15 eine weitere schematische Darstellung des Endoskops aus 14;
• 16 eine schematische Darstellung einer weiteren Variante des Endoskops aus den 1 bis 5;
• 17 eine schematische Darstellung einer weiteren Variante des Endoskops aus den 1 bis 5;
• 18 eine schematische Darstellung einer weiteren Variante des Endoskops aus den 1 bis 5;
• 19 eine weitere schematische Darstellung des Endoskops aus 18.

Embodiments are explained in more detail below with reference to the attached figures. Show it:

• 1 a schematic representation of an endoscope;
• 2 a further schematic representation of the endoscope 1 ;
• 3 a further schematic representation of the endoscope from the 1 and 2 ;
• 4 a further schematic representation of the endoscope from the 1 to 3 ;
• 5 a further schematic representation of the endoscope from the 1 to 4 ;
• 6 is a schematic representation of a variant of the endoscope from the 1 to 5 ;
• 7 a further schematic representation of the endoscope 6 ;
• 8th a schematic representation of a further variant of the endoscope from the 1 to 5 ;
• 9 a schematic representation of a further variant of the endoscope from the 1 to 5 ;
• 10 a schematic representation of a further variant of the endoscope from the 1 to 5 ;
• 11 a schematic representation of a further variant of the endoscope from the 1 to 5 ;
• 12 a schematic representation of a further variant of the endoscope from the 1 to 5 ;
• 13 a schematic representation of a further variant of the endoscope from the 1 to 5 ;
• 14 a schematic representation of a further variant of the endoscope from the 1 to 5 ;
• 15 a further schematic representation of the endoscope 14 ;
• 16 a schematic representation of a further variant of the endoscope from the 1 to 5 ;
• 17 a schematic representation of a further variant of the endoscope from the 1 to 5 ;
• 18 a schematic representation of a further variant of the endoscope from the 1 to 5 ;
• 19 a further schematic representation of the endoscope 18 ,

Description of the embodiments

1 shows a schematic representation of an endoscope 10 with a proximal end 12 and a distal end 14 , A handling device 16 of the endoscope 10 forms its proximal end 12 ,

In the example shown, the handling device comprises 16 an area with an enlarged cross section in which electronic, optoelectronic, electrooptical, optical and other assemblies can be arranged. The handling device 16 With its enlarged cross-section, manual gripping, holding and guiding the endoscope 10 simplify and / or enable attachment to a tripod or to a manually or motor-adjustable arm (in the latter case often referred to as a robot arm).

On the handling device - as in 1 indicated on the right - one or more connectors for connecting the endoscope 10 with an electrical power source, a light source, a camera control unit (often called CCU designated) or with other devices or instruments through appropriate lines.

The endoscope 10 further includes a shaft 20 whose proximal end 22 with the handling device 16 is connected or merges into this. A distal end 23 of the shaft 20 is near the distal end 14 arranged of the endoscope.

In the example shown, the shaft is 20 straight and rigid. The outer surface 26 of the shaft 20 represents a section of the lateral surface of a cylinder, in particular a circular cylinder. As a longitudinal axis 28 of the shaft 20 is the axis of symmetry of this circular cylinder, on which the centroid of all cross-sections of the shaft 20 lie.

Alternatively, the shaft can be partially or completely curved or flexible and thus can be curved. For these cases, the following is with the longitudinal axis 28 of the shaft 20 always the Longitudinal axis of the shaft 20 near its distal end 23 meant.

Furthermore, the shaft 20 alternatively have non-circular cross sections. In this case, the longitudinal axis is in particular the line on which the centroids of the cross sections of the shaft lie.

The shaft 20 points at its distal end 23 an end face 24 on, which in the example shown is flat and orthogonal to the longitudinal axis 28 of the shaft 20 is. Alternatively and differently, the end face 24 at the distal end 23 of the shaft 20 curved and / or relative to the longitudinal axis 28 of the shaft 20 be inclined.

The endoscope 10 also has a movable component 30 on that by an in 1 not shown joint with the distal end 23 of the shaft 20 articulated and relative to the distal end 23 of the shaft 20 is pivotable. The joint defines a swivel axis 38 orthogonal to the plane of the drawing 1 around which the movable component 30 relative to the distal end 23 of the shaft 20 is pivotable. The joint can be a form-fitting joint with a shaft or an axle journal and a corresponding bearing or a solid body joint. The joint can be designed as a coupling gear, in which a pivoting movement is accompanied by a translational movement, similar to that known from concealed hinges in furniture construction.

In the example shown, the pivot axis lies 38 at or near the edges of the face 24 at the distal end 23 of the shaft 20 and the first face 32 of the movable component 30 , The movable component 30 is relative to the distal end 23 of the shaft 20 within a predetermined angular range between the in 1 shown first configuration and one in 2 shown second configuration pivotable. At the in 1 shown first configuration of the endoscope 10 is the movable component 30 distal to the distal end 23 of the shaft 20 arranged.

In the example shown, the movable component has 30 essentially the shape of a short circular cylinder with a first end face 32 , a second face 34 and a lateral surface 36 on. The end faces 32 . 34 of the movable component 30 are flat and parallel or substantially parallel to each other and orthogonal or substantially orthogonal to the lateral surface in the example shown 36 , The cross section of the movable component 30 corresponds essentially to the cross section of the shaft 20 ,

In the in 1 The first configuration of the endoscope shown forms the lateral surface 36 of the movable component 30 a straight and essentially smooth and essentially gap-free extension of the lateral surface that follows 26 of the shaft 20 , In this first configuration of the endoscope 10 can the shaft 20 through a trocar sleeve or through another opening with a cross-section that is not or not significantly larger than the cross-section of the shaft 20 and the movable component 30 must be inserted into a cavity to be viewed or examined.

A first optical device 50 of the endoscope 10 is at the distal end 23 of the shaft 20 arranged. The first optical device 50 is immediately proximal to the face 24 at the distal end 23 of the shaft 20 arranged and adjacent to the end face 24 on. A light entry area 56 the first optical device 50 is part of the face 24 at the distal end 23 of the shaft 20 ,

The first optical device 50 comprises in particular a lens or another imaging device for generating a real image. Furthermore, the first optical device 50 one or more image sensors for detecting that of the objective or the other imaging device of the first optical device 50 have generated image. Alternatively, a relay lens system or an ordered bundle of optical fibers or another image transmission device in the shaft 20 be arranged around that of the lens or the other imaging device of the first optical device 50 generated real image to the proximal end 12 of the endoscope 10 transferred to.

Alternatively or additionally, the first optical device 50 comprise one or more light-emitting diodes or other light sources for generating illuminating light and / or a light exit surface of a light guide for transmitting illuminating light. One or more light exit surfaces of the light source or of the light sources or of the light guide or the light guide can also be part of the end face 24 at the distal end 23 of the shaft 20 his.

A second optical device 60 is in the movable component 30 and immediately adjacent to its first end face 32 arranged. One or more light entry areas 66 the second optical device 60 are part of the first face 32 of the movable component 30 ,

The second optical device 60 comprises in particular a lens or another imaging device for generating a real image and one or more image sensors for capturing the real image produced by the lens or other imaging device.

Alternatively or additionally, the second optical device 60 comprise one or more light-emitting diodes or other light sources for generating illuminating light and / or one or more light exit surfaces of light guides for transmitting illuminating light. One or more light exit surfaces of the light source or of the light sources or of the light guide or the light guide can also be part of the first end face 32 of the movable component 30 his.

A third optical device 70 is in the movable component 30 immediately adjacent to the second face 34 of the movable component 30 arranged. One or more light entry areas 76 the third optical device 70 are part of the second face 34 of the movable component 30 ,

The third optical device 70 comprises in particular a lens or another imaging device for generating a real image and one or more image sensors for detecting the real image generated by the lens or the other imaging device.

Alternatively or additionally, the third optical device 70 comprise one or more light-emitting diodes or other light sources for generating illuminating light and / or one or more light exit surfaces of light guides for transmitting illuminating light. One or more light exit surfaces of the light source or of the light sources or of the light guide or the light guide can also be part of the second end face 34 of the movable component 30 his.

In the example shown, the end face 24 at the distal end 23 of the shaft 20 and the end faces 32 . 34 of the movable component 30 each flat or essentially flat. The face 24 at the distal end 23 of the shaft 20 is orthogonal or substantially orthogonal to the longitudinal axis 28 of the shaft 20 , The end faces 32 . 34 of the movable component 30 are parallel to each other and at the in 1 configuration shown parallel to the end face 24 at the distal end 23 of the shaft 20 and orthogonal to the longitudinal axis 28 of the shaft 20 ,

At the in 1 shown configuration is the first end face 32 of the movable component 30 directly opposite the face 24 at the distal end 23 of the shaft 20 or partially or completely on this. The first optical device 50 at the distal end 23 of the shaft 20 and the second optical device 60 in the movable component 30 have therefore in the in 1 shown configuration no function and are particularly deactivated.

The third optical device 70 has an optical axis 78 on, in particular through the lens or the other imaging device of the third optical device 70 is defined. The optical axis 78 represents at the same time the viewing direction of the third optical device 70 The field of view of the third optical device is furthermore by dashed lines 70 indicated. Objects within this field of view of the third optical device 70 are illuminated and detected in particular by the third optical device. The third optical device 70 enables in particular in the 1 shown configuration of the endoscope 10 inserting the distal end 14 of the endoscope 10 into a cavity under visual control.

2 shows a further schematic representation of the endoscope 10 out 1 , The type of representation, in particular the orientation of the drawing plane, corresponds to that of 1 ,

In 2 is a second configuration of the endoscope 10 shown, which differs from that in 1 shown first configuration differs in that the movable component 30 through an angle of approx. 180 degrees around the swivel axis 38 is pivoted. The movable component 30 is therefore no longer distal to the distal end 23 of the shaft 20 but next to the distal end 23 of the shaft 20 arranged. The outer surface 36 of the movable component 30 lies linearly on the outer surface 26 of the shaft 20 on or is only slightly spaced from this along a straight line.

At the in 2 The second configuration shown are the end face 24 at the distal end 23 of the shaft 20 with the light entry surface 56 the first optical device 50 on the one hand and the first face 32 of the movable component 30 with the light entry surface 66 the second optical device 60 on the other hand, arranged side by side in one plane. In the example shown are the optical axis 58 the first optical device 50 and the optical axis 68 the second optical device 60 parallel or essentially parallel to each other. If both the first optical device 50 as well as the second optical device 60 are each provided and designed for capturing an image, in the in 2 shown second configuration of the endoscope 10 a stereo image can be captured.

At the in 2 shown second configuration of the endoscope 10 is the line of sight of the third optical device 70 oriented proximally. This can be an orientation within a Simplify cavity. In particular, by means of the third optical device 70 the area around an opening through which the shaft 20 of the endoscope 10 protrudes into a cavity. Alternatively, the third optical device 70 in the in 2 shown configuration can be deactivated or switched off.

3 shows a further schematic representation of the using the 1 and 2 illustrated endoscope 10 in a further configuration, which is based on the 2 configuration shown is similar. The type of representation, especially the drawing level of the 3 corresponds to that of 1 and 2 ,

In the 3 The configuration shown differs from that shown in the 2 shown configuration in particular in that the movable component 30 on the basis of the 1 shown first configuration at an angle that is less than 180 degrees around the pivot axis 38 is pivoted. The optical axes 68 . 78 the second optical device 60 and the third optical device 70 in the movable component 30 are therefore not parallel to the longitudinal axis 28 of the shaft 20 and to the optical axis 58 the first optical device 50 at the distal end 23 of the shaft 20 , Instead, cut the optical axis 58 the first optical device at the distal end 23 of the shaft 20 on the one hand and the optical axis 68 the second optical device 60 in the movable component 30 on the other hand, at an intersection. In a stereo image, the images of objects point at the intersection of the optical axes 58 . 68 and in a surface (often referred to ideally as the zero plane) that contains this intersection, there is no disparity.

Furthermore, the in 3 configuration shown the lateral surface 36 of the movable component 30 not on the outer surface 26 of the shaft 20 on. Instead, there is a wedge-shaped gap between the movable component 30 and the shaft 20 in front.

Alternatively and deviating from that based on the 1 to 3 shown cylindrical shape of the shaft 20 and the movable component 30 can the shaft 20 at its distal end 23 and / or the component 30 be wedge-shaped, so that in the 3 shown relative orientation of the optical axes 58 . 68 the movable component 30 anyway on the shaft 20 is linear or flat.

Alternatively, the optical axis 58 the first optical device 50 at the distal end 23 of the shaft 20 against the longitudinal axis 28 of the shaft 20 and / or the optical axis 68 the second optical device 60 in the movable component 30 opposite the axis of symmetry of the lateral surface 36 of the movable component 30 be inclined. In this case, you can also use the 2 shown second configuration (movable component 30 parallel to the shaft 20 ) the optical axes 58 . 68 as in 3 shown cutting each other. In particular, the light entry surface can also do this 56 the first optical device 50 at the distal end 23 of the shaft 20 against the longitudinal axis 28 of the shaft 20 and / or the light entry surface 66 the second optical device 60 opposite the axis of symmetry of the lateral surface 36 of the movable component 30 be tilted.

4 shows a further schematic representation of the using the 1 to 3 illustrated endoscope 10 in another configuration. The type of representation, especially the drawing level of the 4 corresponds to that of 1 to 3 ,

In the 4 The configuration shown differs from that shown using the 2 and 3 configurations shown in that the movable component 30 relative to the shaft 20 takes a different angular position. The angle between the optical axis 68 the second optical device 60 in the movable component 30 and the optical axis 58 the first optical device 50 at the distal end 23 of the shaft 20 is larger than in the case of the 3 shown configuration. Therefore, the distance is the intersection of the optical axes 58 . 68 from the distal end 14 of the endoscope 10 at the in 4 shown configuration smaller than in the case of the 3 shown configuration.

By varying the angle between the movable component 30 and the shaft 20 can be the position of the intersection of the optical axes 58 . 68 and thus the area ("zero level") captured without disparity in the stereo image.

5 shows a further schematic representation of the using the 1 to 4 shown endoscope in a further configuration. The type of representation, especially the drawing level of the 5 corresponds to that of 1 to 4 ,

In the 5 The configuration shown differs from that shown using the 1 to 4 configurations shown in that the angular position of the movable component 30 relative to the shaft 20 at the in 5 shown configuration between the angular positions in the case of the 1 and 4 configurations shown. The angle between the movable component 30 and the shaft 20 is therefore even larger than that of the 4 shown configuration. The angle between the optical axis 58 the first optical device 50 at the distal end 23 of the shaft 20 and the optical axis 68 the second optical device 60 in the movable component 30 even larger than the one based on the 4 shown configuration. The distance of the intersection of the optical axes 58 . 68 from the distal end 14 of the endoscope 10 is very small in relation to the length of the base, ie the distance from the center of the light entry surfaces 56 . 66 the first optical device 50 and the second optical device 60 , Therefore, one would consider one using the optical devices 50 . 60 in the in 5 configuration shown captured stereo image uncomfortable to painful or would no longer lead to a three-dimensional impression.

In the 5 However, the configuration shown can enable a simultaneous detection of an enlarged solid angle range. In particular, one of the first optical devices can do this 50 at the distal end 23 of the shaft 20 generated image and one from the second optical device 60 in the movable component 30 generated image can be joined together.

At the in 5 shown configuration of the endoscope 10 are the line of sight 68 the second optical device 60 and the line of sight 78 the third optical device is not completely orthogonal to the longitudinal axis 28 of the shaft 20 , The viewing direction of the second optical device 60 is oriented somewhat more distally, the viewing direction of the third optical device 70 is a little more proximally oriented. Therefore, the annular areas overlap when the endoscope rotates 10 around the longitudinal axis 28 of the shaft 20 on the one hand by means of the second optical device 60 and on the other hand by means of the third optical device 70 in the movable component 30 are detectable, only a little. Conversely, this means that by rotating the endoscope 10 around the longitudinal axis 28 of the shaft 20 at the in 5 shown configuration, a large contiguous area can be captured.

6 shows a schematic representation of a variant of the based on the 1 to 5 illustrated endoscope. The type of representation, especially the drawing level of the 6 corresponds to that of 1 to 5 , This in 6 The endoscope shown is similar in some features, properties and functions to that based on the 1 to 5 illustrated endoscope. In the following, in particular, features, properties and functions of the in 6 shown endoscope 10 described, in which this differs from that based on the 1 to 5 shown endoscope differs.

This in 6 shown endoscope 10 differs from that based on the 1 to 5 Endoscope shown in particular in that it is not only one movable component, but two movable components 30 . 40 having. The first movable component 30 is articulated and about a first pivot axis 38 relative to the distal end 23 of the shaft 20 pivotable with the distal end 23 of the shaft 20 mechanically connected. The second movable component 40 is articulated and about a second pivot axis 48 relative to the first movable component 30 pivotable with the first movable component 30 connected.

At the in 6 The first configuration shown is the first movable component 30 - Similar to that based on the 1 configuration shown - distal of the distal end 23 of the shaft 20 and the second movable member 40 distal to the first movable component 30 arranged.

At the in 6 shown configuration protrude the first movable component 30 and the second movable member 40 not or not significantly over the distal straight surface 26 of the shaft 20 out. In particular, the cross sections of the shaft 20 , the first movable component 30 and the second movable member 40 the same or essentially the same. The outer surface 26 of the shaft 20 , the outer surface 36 of the first movable component 30 and the outer surface 46 of the second movable component 40 go - from small gaps between the distal end of the shaft 23 and the first movable component 30 and between the first movable component 30 and the second movable member 40 aside - smoothly over each other.

In the in 6 The first configuration shown can be the shaft 20 with the movable components 30 . 40 ahead through an opening, the cross section of which is not or not significantly larger than the individual cross sections of the shaft 20 and the movable components 30 . 40 must be inserted into a cavity.

Starting from the in 6 shown first configuration can the second movable component 40 relative to the first movable component 30 about the second pivot axis 48 and / or the first movable component 30 relative to the distal end 23 of the shaft 20 about the first pivot axis 38 be pivoted. The pivoting movement of the second movable component 40 relative to the first movable component 30 about the second pivot axis 48 can regardless of the Pivotal movement of the first movable component 30 relative to the distal end 23 of the shaft 20 about the first pivot axis 38 his. Alternatively, a coupling can be provided such that a pivoting movement of the first movable component 30 relative to the distal end 23 of the shaft 20 about the first pivot axis 38 with a pivoting movement of the second movable component 40 relative to the first movable component 30 about the second pivot axis 48 accompanied.

On the shaft 20 is a contact area 27 intended. On the outer surface 46 of the second movable component 40 is one to the contact area 27 on the shaft 20 corresponding contact area 47 intended.

This in 6 shown endoscope 10 differs from that based on the 1 to 5 illustrated endoscope further in that a second optical device 60 and a third optical device 70 not on the end faces of the first movable component 30 or the second movable component 40 are arranged. Rather, the second optical device 60 on the outer surface 36 of the first movable component 30 arranged, and the third optical device 70 is on the outer surface 46 of the second movable component 40 arranged. At the in 6 shown configuration of the endoscope 10 are viewing directions of the second optical device 60 and the third optical device 70 orthogonal or substantially orthogonal to the longitudinal axis 28 of the shaft 20 ,

7 shows a further schematic representation of the endoscope 10 out 6 , The type of representation, especially the drawing level of the 7 corresponds to that of 1 to 6 , The endoscope 10 is in 7 shown in a second configuration, which differs from that based on the 6 shown first configuration differs.

At the in 7 shown second configuration of the endoscope 10 are the second movable component 40 relative to the first movable component 30 by a predetermined angle (e.g. 60 degrees) around the second pivot axis 48 and the first movable component 30 relative to the distal end 23 of the shaft 20 by a predetermined angle (for example 150 degrees) around the first pivot axis 38 pivoted. With the so achieved in 7 shown second configuration is the contact area 47 on the second movable component 40 at the corresponding contact surface 27 on the shaft 20 on. This can be a transfer of waste heat, for example in the third optical device 70 in the second movable component 40 is released to the shaft 20 enable or simplify.

When using the 6 and 7 the example shown are the optical devices 50 . 60 . 70 and their fields of view and the movable components 30 . 40 at the in 7 Second configuration shown arranged and oriented so that the fields of view of the optical devices 50 . 60 . 70 at working distance (outside the in 7 shown area) overlap each other. Therefore in the in 7 shown second configuration with the optical devices 50 . 60 . 70 together at the same time a wide-angle view of the surroundings of the distal end 14 of the endoscope 10 be recorded. With a rotation of the endoscope 10 around the longitudinal axis 28 of the shaft 20 the inner surface of a cavity can be captured almost completely. In the 7 indicated fields of view can only be a small area around the shaft 20 of the endoscope 10 protrudes into the cavity, can not be detected.

8th shows a schematic representation of a section through a distal end 14 another variant of the based on the 1 to 5 illustrated endoscope. The cutting plane of the 8th is parallel to the drawing levels of the 1 to 7 , The distal end 14 of the endoscope is in 9 enlarged compared to the representations in the 1 to 7 shown. In 8th is based on the 1 shown configuration shown.

This in 8th The endoscope shown is similar in some features, properties and functions to that based on 1 to 5 illustrated endoscope. In the following, in particular, features, properties and functions of the in 8th Described endoscope described, in which this differs from that based on the 1 to 5 shown endoscope differs.

In 8th is indicated that each of the optical devices 50 . 60 . 70 a lens 52 . 62 . 72 and an image sensor 54 . 64 . 74 includes. Alternatively, any optical device 50 . 60 . 70 several image sensors 52 . 62 . 72 ID for different wavelength ranges and dichroic reflecting surfaces, so that on every image sensor 54 . 64 . 74 only light falls within a predetermined wavelength range. Any optical device 50 . 60 . 70 can also have multiple lenses 52 . 62 . 72 and several image sensors 54 . 64 . 74 to capture a stereo image or capture images in multiple different wavelength ranges. Each of the optical devices 50 . 60 . 70 can alternatively or additionally have one or more light-emitting diodes or other light sources for generating illuminating light and / or one or more light exit surfaces of light guides for transmitting illuminating light.

Even with the help of 1 to 7 illustrated endoscopes, the optical devices at the distal end of the shaft and in the movable component can each be constructed similarly be like here using the example 8th described.

As already mentioned in particular for the 6 and 7 Endoscope described mentioned, waste heat released in a movable component can be transmitted to the shaft via a flat mechanical contact. In addition, a heat pipe or another device for transferring heat can be provided in each case in order to transfer waste heat along the shaft to the proximal end of the endoscope.

At the in 8th The example shown is a thermally conductive elastic component 94 provided that the movable component 30 with the distal end 23 of the shaft 20 connects thermally. The thermally conductive elastic component 94 is in particular directly or via another thermally conductive component indirectly with one or more heat sources of the movable component 30 connected, for example - as in 8th indicated - with the second optical device 60 , optionally also with the third optical device 70 , The other end of the thermally conductive elastic member 94 is, for example, with a distal end of a heat pipe 21 or other heat transfer device in the shaft 20 connected.

The thermally conductive elastic component 94 comprises in particular a fabric or braid or bundle of thin and elastic thermally conductive fibers. The thermally conductive elastic component 94 has, for example, copper, silver, aluminum, gold, graphite, graphene, diamond, carbon nanotubes, silicon carbide, aluminum nitride or another material whose thermal conductivity is at least half the thermal conductivity of pure copper - ie at least 200 W / km. The thermally conductive elastic component 94 is in particular a thermally conductive elastic component, as it is offered and sold commercially under the term "thermal strap".

The thermally conductive elastic component 94 can be compared to heat transfer by means of abutting contact surfaces, as shown in the 6 and 7 are shown, have the advantage in many different angular positions of the movable component 30 relative to the distal end 23 of the shaft 20 a removal of waste heat from the movable component 30 to enable.

The heat pipe 21 in the shaft 20 can transfer the waste heat from the movable component 30 and optionally also from waste heat from the first optical device 50 or other heat source at the distal end 23 of the shaft 20 to the proximal end 12 of the endoscope 10 (see. 1 to 7 ) enable. So the thermally conductive elastic component 94 and the heat pipe 21 the surface temperature of the endoscope at its distal end 14 and lower the thermal output introduced into the cavity to be examined by means of the endoscope.

The thermally conductive elastic component 94 can at the same time - like a solid-state joint - the only mechanical connection of the movable component 30 with the distal end 23 of the shaft 20 form. Alternatively, in addition to the thermally conductive elastic component 94 another joint may be provided.

9 shows two schematic representations of the distal end 14 another variant of the based on the 1 to 5 illustrated endoscope. The distal end 14 of the endoscope is in 9 enlarged compared to the representations in the 1 to 7 shown, similar to in 8th , Apart from that, the type of representation, in particular the drawing level, is similar in 9 left of those of 1 to 7 , In 9 on the right is the distal end 14 of the endoscope shown in a distal view. The drawing level of the 9 the right is therefore orthogonal to the plane of the drawing 9 left and to the longitudinal axis 28 of the shaft 20 ,

The endoscope, its distal end 14 in 9 is similar in some features, properties and functions to that shown in 1 to 5 and 8th shown endoscopes. The following are in particular features, properties and functions of the endoscope, its distal end 14 in 9 is shown.

In 9 is the movable component 30 in solid lines in its position, which is based on the 2 corresponds to the second configuration of the endoscope shown. In 9 on the left is the movable component 30 further in its position, which is based on the 1 corresponds to the illustrated first configuration of the endoscope, indicated in dashed lines.

The endoscope, its distal end 14 in 9 shown differs from that shown in 1 to 8th illustrated endoscopes in particular in that the shaft 20 near its distal end 23 a first, concave contact surface 27 has in a flat recess. The shape of the first contact surface 27 at the distal end 23 of the shaft 20 corresponds to the shape of a second contact surface 37 on the movable component 30 provided area of the lateral surface 36 of the movable component 30 , The first contact area 27 at the distal end 23 of the shaft 20 and the second contact area 37 on the movable component 30 have corresponding curvatures, the first contact surface 27 on the distal The End 23 of the shaft 20 concave and the second contact surface 37 on the movable component 30 is convex.

At the in 9 The second contact surface is shown in solid lines of the second configuration of the endoscope 37 on the movable component 30 flat on the first contact surface 27 at the distal end 23 of the shaft 20 on. This enables good heat transfer from the movable component 30 to the distal end 23 of the shaft 20 , In the example shown, both have contact surfaces 27 . 37 each have the shape of a section from the outer surface of the same circular cylinder.

The endoscope, its distal end 14 in 9 shown differs from that shown in the 1 to 5 illustrated endoscope further in that within the shaft 20 (and therefore only indicated in dashed lines) a heat pipe 21 is provided, similar to the one based on the 8th illustrated endoscope. The distal end of the heat pipe 21 is in particular directly or indirectly through a thermally conductive component with the first contact surface 27 at the distal end 23 of the shaft 20 thermally connected.

The heat pipe 21 Allows waste heat to be dissipated in the movable component 30 is released, and optionally also the discharge of waste heat from the first optical device 50 or other component at the distal end 23 of the shaft 20 to the proximal end of the endoscope.

The endoscope, its distal end 14 in 9 shown differs from that shown in 1 to 8th Endoscopes shown further in that in the movable component 30 only a second optical device 60 is provided. Instead of using the 1 to 6 and 8th The third optical device provided endoscopes is a sensor 81 in the movable component 30 provided, for example on the second end face 34 of the movable component 30 , The sensor 81 is, for example, a sensor for detecting a pressure, a temperature, a pH or another concentration or a laser sensor for sensing or otherwise detecting the surroundings of the distal end 14 of the endoscope.

10 shows a schematic representation of a distal end 14 another variant of the based on the 1 to 5 illustrated endoscope. The type of representation in 10 corresponds to that in 9 , The endoscope, its distal end 14 in 10 is similar in some features, properties and functions to that shown in 1 to 9 Endoscopes shown, in particular that based on the 9 illustrated endoscope. The following are in particular features, properties and functions of the endoscope, its distal end 14 in 10 is shown, in which this differs from that with reference to 9 shown endoscope differs.

The endoscope, its distal end 14 in 10 shown differs from that shown in 9 Endoscope shown in particular in that both contact surfaces 27 . 37 at the distal end 23 of the shaft 20 and on the movable component 30 are each level. This also enables a large-area contact and a correspondingly good heat transfer from the movable component 30 to the distal end 23 of the shaft 20 ,

11 shows a schematic representation of a distal end 14 another variant of the based on the 1 to 5 illustrated endoscope. The type of representation corresponds to that in the 9 and 10 each on the right. The drawing level of the 11 is therefore orthogonal to the plane of the drawing 1 to 8th and to the drawing levels of the 9 and 10 left and orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the shaft 20 , The distal end 14 of the endoscope is in 11 in the based on the 2 shown second configuration of the endoscope.

The endoscope, its distal end 14 in 11 is similar in some features, properties and functions to that shown in FIG 1 to 10 Endoscopes shown, in particular that based on the 9 illustrated endoscope. The following are in particular features, properties and functions of the endoscope, its distal end 14 in 11 is shown, in which this differs from that based on the 9 shown endoscope differs, described.

This in 11 Endoscope shown differs from that shown on the 9 endoscope shown in particular in that on the end face 24 at the distal end 23 of the shaft 20 two light entry areas next to each other 56 two first optical devices 50 are provided. The first two optical devices 50 at the distal end 23 of the shaft 20 are in particular identical in construction, that is to say they have identical properties apart from an unavoidable spread of parameters, and are provided for capturing a stereo image. Alternatively, the first two optical devices 50 at the distal end 23 of the shaft 20 be provided and designed for capturing images at different wavelengths or within different wavelength ranges.

12 shows a schematic representation of a distal end 14 another variant of the based on the 1 to 5 illustrated endoscope. The type of representation corresponds to that in the 9 and 10 each on the right and the 11 , The distal end 14 of the endoscope is in 12 in the based on the 2 shown second configuration of the endoscope.

The endoscope, its distal end 14 in 12 is similar in some features, properties and functions to that shown in FIG 1 to 11 shown endoscopes, in particular those based on 9 to 11 shown endoscopes. The following are in particular features, properties and functions of the endoscope, its distal end 14 in 12 is shown, in which this differs from that shown in the 1 to 11 shown endoscopes differs.

The endoscope, its distal end 14 in 12 is shown differs, for example, from those based on 9 and 11 Endoscopes shown in particular in that on the first end face 32 of the movable component 30 three second optical devices 60 are provided. The three second optical devices 60 on the first face 32 of the movable component 30 can be identical in construction, for example for capturing three images in the same wavelength range. In this case, two can each by second optical devices 60 captured images can be selected to form a stereo image. Alternatively, the second optical devices 60 on the first face 32 of the movable component 30 be provided and designed for capturing images in different wavelength ranges. Alternatively, the second optical devices 60 on the first face 32 of the movable component 30 be provided for generating illuminating light of the same or different spectra. Alternatively, part of the second optical devices 60 on the first face 32 of the movable component 30 be provided and designed for capturing images and another part for generating illuminating light.

The endoscope, its distal end 14 in 12 shown differs from that shown in 9 and 11 Endoscopes shown further in that the first contact surface 27 at the distal end 23 of the shaft 20 convex and the second contact surface 37 on the movable component 30 are concave.

13 shows a schematic representation of a distal end 14 another variant of the based on the 1 to 5 illustrated endoscope. The type of representation corresponds to that in the 9 and 10 each on the right and the 11 and 12 , The distal end 14 of the endoscope is in 13 in the based on the 2 shown second configuration of the endoscope.

The endoscope, its distal end 14 in 13 is similar in some features, properties and functions to that shown in FIG 1 to 11 shown endoscopes. The following are in particular features, properties and functions of the endoscope, its distal end 14 in 13 is shown, in which this differs from that shown in the 1 to 12 shown endoscopes differs.

The endoscope, its distal end 14 in 13 shown differs from that shown in 1 to 12 Endoscopes shown in particular in that on the first end face 32 of the movable component 30 next to each other a second optical device 60 and two third optical devices 70 are provided. For example, the second optical device 60 provided and formed for capturing an image, and the third optical devices 70 are provided and designed for generating illuminating light. The third optical devices 70 be constructed identically or differently in order to provide illuminating light with different spectra.

The endoscope, its distal end 14 in 13 is shown differs from that based on 1 to 12 Endoscopes shown further in that at the distal end 23 of the shaft 20 no optical device is provided. Instead, the shaft points 20 a working channel 29 on that in an opening in the face 24 at the distal end 23 of the shaft 20 ends. Through the working channel 29 can convey fluids or solids and / or a medical instrument into a cavity in which the distal end 14 the endoscope is arranged, are introduced.

Also based on the 1 to 7 Endoscopes shown can be the characteristics of the 8th to 13 have shown endoscopes. For example, using the 1 to 7 shown endoscopes each have a heat pipe 21 or another heat conducting device in or on the shaft 20 exhibit. Furthermore, based on the 1 to 7 Endoscopes shown elastic components for articulated mechanical and / or thermally conductive connection of the movable component or first movable component 30 with the distal end 23 of the shaft 20 and / or the movable components 30 . 40 with each other.

Furthermore, based on the 1 to 10 Endoscopes shown features of the 11 to 13 shown Have endoscopes. In particular, on the end face 24 at the distal end 23 of the shaft 20 , on the end faces 32 . 34 of the movable component 30 and on the outer surfaces 36 . 46 of the movable components 30 . 40 each instead of an optical device 50 . 60 . 70 several identical or different optical devices for generating illuminating light and for generating and / or capturing real images or one or more sensors 81 be provided.

14 shows a schematic representation of a distal end 14 another variant of the based on the 1 to 5 illustrated endoscope. The type of display, in particular the drawing level, partially corresponds to that of the 1 to 7 , The endoscope, its distal end 14 in 14 is similar in some features, properties and functions to that shown in 1 to 13 shown endoscopes. Features, properties and functions in particular are described below in which the endoscope, its distal end 14 in 14 is shown, differing from the 1 to 13 shown endoscopes differs.

The endoscope, its distal end 14 in 14 is shown has a rack 88 and a gear 89 on. Although the rack 88 especially within the shaft 20 and the gear 89 especially at least partially within the shaft 20 and the movable component 30 arranged and therefore not or only partially visible from the outside, these are in 14 shown in full lines to make their function recognizable.

The rack 88 extends in particular from the proximal end of the endoscope, where it can be directly or indirectly coupled to an operating device or a drive, to the distal end 23 of the shaft 20 , The gear 89 is directly or indirectly rigid with the movable component 30 connected and together with the movable component 30 about the predetermined pivot axis 38 of the movable component 30 pivotable. Alternatively, the gear 89 via a gear or in another way with the movable component 30 be coupled.

The rack 88 has - especially only - near its distal end in the region of the gear 89 Teeth on, with teeth of the gear 89 comb. A rack translational movement 88 (in particular parallel to the longitudinal axis 28 of the shaft 20 ) therefore goes with a swiveling movement of the movable component 30 associated. At the in 14 The example shown is based on the 1 shown and also in 14 shown first configuration of the endoscope before when the rack 88 occupies an extremely proximal position.

15 shows a further schematic representation of the distal end 14 of the with reference to FIG 14 illustrated endoscope. In 15 is based on the 2 shown second configuration of the endoscope. This second configuration is achieved if, starting from the in 14 first configuration shown the rack 88 in an extremely distal, in 15 shown position is moved.

In the case of a rigid mechanical connection of the gear 89 with the movable component 30 rotates the gear 89 in the transition between the in 14 shown first configuration and in 15 shown second configuration only by 180 degrees. That's why the gear 89 - as in the 14 . 15 indicated, do not have teeth along its entire circumference.

16 shows a schematic representation of a distal end 14 another variant of the based on the 1 to 5 illustrated endoscope. The type of representation in 16 , in particular the drawing levels, corresponds in particular to that of the 14 and 15 , Some structures that are partially or fully within the shaft 20 and / or the movable component 30 arranged and therefore not visible from the outside are in 16 nevertheless shown in solid lines. The endoscope, its distal end 14 in 16 is similar in some features, properties and functions to that shown in FIG 1 to 15 shown endoscopes. The following are in particular features, properties and functions of the endoscope, its distal end 14 in 16 is shown, in which this differs from that shown in the 14 and 15 shown endoscopes differs.

The endoscope, its distal end 14 in 16 is shown, for example, differs from that based on 14 and 15 Endoscope shown in particular in that no rack and no gear for moving the movable component 30 are provided. Instead, the endoscope has a first pull rope 86 and a second pull rope 87 on, the distal ends of the movable component at different locations 30 are connected.

The movable component 30 and the pull ropes 86 . 87 are in 16 shown in two different positions. The movable component is in solid lines 30 and the pull ropes 86 . 87 shown in positions that the based on the 1 correspond to the first configuration of the endoscope shown. These are in dashed lines movable component and the pull cables 86 . 87 in positions between positions based on the 1 shown first configuration and based on the 2 to 5 shown second and further configurations shown.

A traction in the first traction rope 86 swivels the movable component 30 about the pivot axis 38 to the position that the based on the 1 corresponds to the first configuration shown and in 16 is shown in solid lines. A traction in the second traction rope 87 swivels the movable component 30 about the in 16 Position shown in dashed lines up to the position which is based on the 2 shown second configuration corresponds.

17 shows a schematic representation of the proximal end 12 of the endoscope 10 , its distal end 14 based on 16 is shown. Also in 17 are some structures that are partially or fully within the endoscope 10 arranged and therefore not visible from the outside or only partially, shown in solid lines. Otherwise the representation corresponds to 17 , especially the drawing level, the representation in the 1 to 7 ,

The endoscope 10 points at its proximal end 12 a first grip part 17 and a second handle part 18 that are movable relative to each other. In the example shown, the first part of the handle is 17 mechanically rigid with the rest of the handling device 16 and thus indirectly also with the proximal end 22 of the shaft 20 connected. The second handle part 18 is about a wave 83 that have a pivot axis orthogonal to the plane of the drawing 17 defined, pivotable with the handling device 16 connected. In the handling facility 16 are a first cam 84 and a second cam 85 arranged over the shaft 83 rigid (or alternatively and differently from the representation in 17 : via a gear) with the second handle 18 are coupled.

A proximal end of the first pull rope 86 is with the first pulley 84 connected, a proximal end of the second pull rope 87 is with the second pulley 85 connected. As in 17 indicated the rope sheaves 84 . 85 each have an almost arbitrary shape, in particular deviating from a circular shape.

The second handle part 18 who have favourited Pulleys 84 . 85 and the pull ropes 86 . 87 are shown in solid lines in a first position and in dashed lines in a second position. The pull ropes 86 . 87 couple the second handle part 18 such with the movable component 30 at the distal end 23 of the shaft 20 (see. 16 ) that a pivoting movement of the second handle part 18 relative to the first handle part 17 with a pivoting movement of the movable component 30 about the pivot axis 38 accompanied. For example, the in 17 Position of the second handle part shown in solid lines 18 the in 16 Position of the movable component shown in solid lines 30 , and the in 17 Position of the second handle part shown in dashed lines 18 corresponds to that in 16 Position of the movable component shown in dashed lines 30 ,

Instead of the movable handle part 18 For example, a rotary wheel, a slide or a motor drive can be provided.

18 shows schematic representations of a distal end 14 another variant of the based on the 1 to 5 illustrated endoscope. The type of display, in particular the drawing levels, largely corresponds to that of 9 and 10 , In particular, the drawing level is the 18 left parallel to a longitudinal axis 28 of the shaft 20 and the drawing layer in 18 right orthogonal to the plane of the drawing in 18 left and orthogonal to the long axis 28 of the shaft 20 , 18 left shows a view from the side, with an outer shaft deviating from it 90 in section along a plane that is the longitudinal axis 28 of the shaft 20 contains and is parallel to the plane of the drawing. In 18 on the right is the distal end 14 of the endoscope shown in a distal view.

The endoscope, its distal end 14 in 18 is similar in some features, properties and functions to that shown in FIG 1 to 13 shown endoscopes. The following are in particular features, properties and functions of the endoscope, its distal end 14 in 18 is shown, in which this differs from those based on the 14 to 17 differentiated endoscopes described.

The endoscope, its distal end 14 in 18 is shown, has an elastic component 94 on that the movable component 30 with the distal end 23 of the shaft 20 mechanically connects. The elastic component 94 is designed so that the movable component 30 relative to the distal end 23 of the shaft 20 exclusively or almost exclusively around a pivot axis orthogonal to the plane of the drawing 18 can pivot left. This is the elastic component 94 in particular designed as a wide, thin and short band, the width being orthogonal to the plane of the drawing 18 left, the length in the direction orthogonal to the plane of the drawing 18 right and the thickness is measured in the third direction orthogonal thereto.

The endoscope, its distal end 14 in 18 is also shown has an outer shaft 90 on that a cavity 92 encloses in the form of a jacket. In that of the outer shaft 90 shell-like enclosed cavity 92 are at the in 18 shown first configuration of the shaft 20 and at least part of the movable member 30 arranged. The cross section of the from the outer shaft 90 shell-like enclosed cavity 92 and the cross sections of the shaft 20 and the movable component 30 are coordinated so that the shaft 20 and the movable component 30 in the outer shaft 90 are guided with little play and friction.

At the in 18 The first configuration of the endoscope shown is the movable component 30 distal to the distal end 23 of the shaft 20 arranged. As mentioned, the shaft 20 and at least part of the movable member 30 within that of the outer shaft 90 enclosed cavity 92 arranged. At the in 18 shown position of the outer shaft 90 this holds the movable component 30 in the position corresponding to the first configuration.

19 shows a further schematic representation of the distal end 14 the based on the 18 illustrated endoscope. The type of representation, especially the drawing levels, corresponds to that of 18 ,

In 19 is based on the 2 shown second configuration of the endoscope. The outer shaft 90 takes relative to the shaft 20 and the movable component 30 a proximal position at which the movable member 30 and a distal area of the shaft 20 outside of that of the outer shaft 90 shell-like enclosed cavity 92 and the movable component 30 next to the distal end 23 of the shaft 20 are arranged. The movable component 30 takes the in 19 position shown because of an elastic restoring force of the elastic member 94 the movable component 30 in the in 19 position shown pivots. In other words, the elastic energy of the elastic component 94 in the in 19 second configuration shown less than in the in 18 first configuration shown.

One in the 18 and 19 Design of the distal edge of the outer shaft, not shown 90 can at one of the in 19 shown second configuration outgoing movement of the outer shaft 90 a pivoting movement of the movable component distally 30 against the elastic restoring force of the movable component 94 up to the in 18 enable the first configuration shown.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

10

endoscope

12

proximal end of the endoscope 10

14

distal end of the endoscope 10

16

Handling device at the proximal end 12 of the endoscope 10

17

first handle part of the handling device 16 , especially rigid with the shaft 20 of the endoscope 10 connected

18

second handle part of the handling device 16 , especially with the swiveling component 30 at the distal end 14 of the endoscope 10 coupled

20

Endoscope shaft 10

21

Heat pipe in the shaft 20

22

proximal end of the shaft 20 , with the handling device 16 connected

23

distal end of the shaft 20

24

Face at the distal end 23 of the shaft 20

26

Shell surface of the shaft 20

27

Contact area on the shaft 20 , to the contact surface 37 on the first movable component 30 or to the contact area 47 on the second movable component 40 correspondingly

28

Longitudinal axis of the shaft 20

29

Working channel in the shaft 20

30

(First) movable component, with the distal end 23 of the shaft 20 articulated mechanically connected

32

first end face of the (first) movable component 30

34

second end face of the (first) movable component 30

36

Shell surface of the (first) movable component 30

37

Contact surface on the (first) movable component 30 , to the contact surface 27 on the shaft 20 correspondingly

38

Swivel axis of the (first) movable component 30 relative to the distal end 23 of the shaft 30

40

second movable component, with the first movable component 30 articulated mechanically connected

42

first end face of the second movable component 40

44

second end face of the second movable component 40

46

Shell surface of the second movable component 40

47

Contact surface on the second movable component 40 , to the contact surface 27 on the shaft 20 correspondingly

48

Pivot axis of the second movable component 40 relative to the first movable component 30

50

first optical device of the endoscope 10 , on the face 24 at the distal end 23 of the shaft 30

52

Lens of the first optical device 50

54

Image sensor of the first optical device 50

56

Light entry surface of the first optical device 50

58

optical axis of the lens 52 the first optical device 50

60

second optical device of the endoscope 10 , on the first face 32 or on the outer surface 36 of the (first) movable component 30

62

Objective of the second optical device 60

64

Image sensor of the second optical device 60

66

Light entry surface of the second optical device 60

68

optical axis of the lens 62 the second optical device 60

70

third optical device of the endoscope 10 , on the second face 34 of the (first) movable component 30 or on the outer surface 46 of the second movable component 40

72

Lens of the third optical device 70

74

Image sensor of the third optical device 70

76

Light exit surface of the third optical device 70

78

optical axis of the lens 72 the third optical device 70

81

Sensor on the (first) movable component 30

83

Shaft, especially with a second handle 18 connected

84

first pulley on the shaft 83

85

second pulley on the shaft 83

86

first traction rope, with the first rope pulley 84 coupled

87

second pull rope, with the second sheave 85 coupled

88

Rack in the shaft 30 , with the gear 89 meshing

89

Gear on the movable component 40 with the rack 88 meshing

90

Outer shaft of the endoscope 10

92

from the outer shaft 90 shell-like enclosed cavity

94

elastic component between the distal end 23 of the shaft 20 and the movable component 30

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is only included for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent literature cited

• DE 3415771 A1 [0002]
• DE 3921233 C2 [0003, 0004, 0005, 0023, 0029]
• DE 4241938 B4 [0006]
• DE 102005045729 A1 [0007]
• EP 2394567 B1 [0008]

Claims (16)

[Shaft + movable component + several optical devices] Endoscope (10), with: a shaft (20) with an end face (24) at a distal end (23) of the shaft (20) for insertion into a cavity to be viewed; a movable member (30) having an end face (32) disposed at the distal end (23) of the shaft (20) and movable relative to the distal end (23) of the shaft (20) between a first configuration in which the shaft (20) is insertable into a cavity and a second configuration which is provided for viewing the cavity; a first optical device (50) on the end face (24) of the shaft (20), a second optical device (60) on the movable component (30), in the first configuration, the end face (32) of the movable component 0 is arranged opposite the end face (24) of the shaft (20) or bears against it, wherein in the second configuration, the movable member (30) is located adjacent the distal end (23) of the shaft (20). Endoscope (10) according to the preceding claim, in which the movable component (30) can be pivoted about a predetermined pivot axis (38) orthogonal to a longitudinal axis (28) of the shaft (20), the predetermined pivot axis (38) is arranged on the end face (24) of the shaft (20). Endoscope (10) according to the preceding claim, in which the pivot axis (38) is arranged on the edge of the end face (24) of the shaft (20) and on the edge of the end face (32) of the movable component (30). Endoscope (10) according to one of the preceding claims, in which the first optical device (50) on the end face (24) of the shaft (20) comprises a lens (52) or another imaging device for producing a real image of an object. Endoscope (10) according to one of the preceding claims, in which the second optical device (60) is arranged on the end face (32) of the movable component (30). Endoscope (10) according to one of the Claims 1 to 4 , in which the movable component (30) essentially has the shape of a cylinder with two end faces (32, 34) and a lateral surface (36), the second optical device (60) on the lateral surface (36) of the movable component (30) is arranged. Endoscope (10) according to one of the preceding claims with reference back Claim 4 , wherein the second optical device (60) on the movable component (30) comprises a lens (62) or another imaging device for generating a real image of an object, the first optical device (50) and the second optical device (60) are designed to detect different wavelength ranges. Endoscope (10) according to the preceding claim with reference back Claim 4 , in which the second optical device (60) on the movable component (30) comprises a lens (62) or another imaging device for generating a real image of an object, an angular position of the movable component (30) relative to the distal end (23 ) of the shaft (20) can be changed within a predetermined angular range, around an intersection between an optical axis (58) of the imaging device (52) of the first optical device (50) and an optical axis (68) of the imaging device (62) of the second optical device Device (60) to move or to enlarge or reduce a solid angle range detected by the imaging device (52) of the first optical device (50) and the imaging device (62) of the second optical device (60). Endoscope (10) according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising: a third optical device (70), wherein the third optical device (70) comprises a lens (72) or other device for generating a real image of an object. Endoscope (10) according to the preceding claim, further comprising: a further movable component (40) which is articulated to the movable component (30), wherein the third optical device (70) is arranged on the further movable component (40). [Heat dissipation] Endoscope (10) according to one of the preceding claims, in which the shaft (20) has a first contact surface (27), the movable component (30) has a second contact surface (37) shaped complementarily to the first contact surface (27), in the first configuration the second contact surface (37) is spaced from the first contact surface (27), in the second configuration the second contact surface (37) is in flat contact with the first contact surface (27). Endoscope (10), with: a shaft (20) for insertion into a cavity to be viewed; a moveable member (30) disposed at the distal end (23) of the shaft (20) and movable relative to the distal end (23) of the shaft (20) between a first configuration in which the shaft (20) in a cavity is insertable, and a second configuration provided for viewing the cavity; a first contact surface (27) on the shaft (27); a second contact surface (37) on the movable component (30) which is shaped to be complementary to the first contact surface (27); in the first configuration the second contact surface (37) is spaced from the first contact surface (27), wherein in the second configuration the second contact surface (37) touches the first contact surface (27). Endoscope (10) according to one of the Claims 11 and 12 , further comprising: a heat pipe (21) or another heat conducting device in the shaft (20), which is connected directly to the first contact surface (27) in a thermally conductive manner. Endoscope (10) according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising: a thermally conductive elastic member (94) that connects the movable member (30) to the distal end (23) of the shaft (20) in both the first configuration and the second configuration. Endoscope (10), with: a shaft (20) for insertion into a cavity to be viewed; a moveable member (30) disposed at the distal end (23) of the shaft (20) and movable relative to the distal end (23) of the shaft (20) between a first configuration in which the shaft (20) in a cavity is insertable, and a second configuration provided for viewing the cavity; an elastic member (94) mechanically connecting the movable member (30) to the distal end (23) of the shaft (20); an outer shaft (90) which encloses a cavity (92), wherein the outer shaft (90) is movable relative to the shaft (20) and the movable component (30) between a first position in which the shaft (20) and at least a part of the movable component (30) in the position of the outer shaft ( 90) enclosed cavity (92), and a second position in which the movable component (30) is arranged outside the cavity (92) enclosed by the outer shaft (90), wherein the elastic energy stored in the elastic member (94) is minimal in the second configuration.

Images