DE102018116947A1 - Charging station and charging park for electric cars - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a charging station for electric cars with the following features: the charging station comprises a carrier plate with fastening elements; the charging station includes rails with multiple segments to accommodate vertical loads; and the rails (11) are adapted to selectively move the fastening elements (14) out of the charging column (10). The invention also provides a corresponding charging park.

Description

The present invention relates to a charging station for electric cars. The present invention also relates to a corresponding charging park.

State of the art

In electrical engineering, any charging device or electrical system that serves to supply energy to mobile battery-operated devices, machines or motor vehicles by simply setting or plugging in is referred to as a charging station without having to remove the energy storage device, such as the traction battery of an electric car. Charging stations for electric cars are colloquially referred to as "charging stations" and can include several charging points, which are characterized as "charging stations" depending on the design.

DC high-speed charging systems (HPC), such as the so-called combined charging system (CCS), which is widespread in Europe, are known here in particular. In the case of generic direct current charging, direct current is fed directly into the vehicle from the charging station and is provided for this purpose by a powerful rectifier from the power grid or by large buffer accumulators at solar filling stations. There is a battery management system in the vehicle that communicates with the charging station to adjust the current or to end the process when a capacity limit is reached.

The power electronics are usually located in the charging station. Since the DC connections of the charging station are connected directly to the corresponding connections of the traction battery, high charging currents can be transmitted with little loss, which enables short charging times.

Each of the pamphlets US2013207606A . DE4213405A1 . DE202017100174U1 and US2010013433A discloses a charging station for an electric vehicle that has a drawer or an open compartment. The respective opening of the charging stations according to US2013207606A such as DE4213405A1 enables access to a support or circuit elements of the column. Except according to that DE4213405A1 the opening for all devices is vertical on the side of the column.

Disclosure of the invention

The invention provides a charging station for electric cars and a corresponding charging park according to the independent claims.

The charging system according to the invention aims for a charging station that is as slim as possible but tall. For this reason, the installation space inside the charging station is extremely limited. The actual power electronics are therefore preferably outsourced to another unit and the energy supplied by cable, which is only passed on to the actual charging cable. On the other hand, any interaction with the user, such as payment, takes place on the charging station. In addition to the charging cable, it therefore includes in particular a display for a corresponding user interface.

Preferably, all components required for billing - e.g. an energy meter that measures the energy actually charged directly in the charging station or even at the end of the cable in the connector, or a time counter - as well as the periphery of the control system - should be considered here: display, charging control system , Communication with the power electronics, lighting modules of the charging station, low-voltage power supply of the components mentioned and their protection - integrated in the charging station.

Due to the extremely tight installation space, it is difficult to use the usual bodywork concepts or the construction of control cabinets in electrical engineering.

Furthermore, due to the narrow construction, access via side doors is very limited if only a single side surface is accessible via a door. Nevertheless, an embodiment of the invention enables a specific component to be replaced or inspected without first removing numerous other components. For this purpose, the present invention comprises a concept with which individual modules can be bundled, simply removed and, for the most part, reached from the front if required. For this purpose, an arrangement of components is used such that almost all components are accessible without dismantling other components, even if only one side of the charging station can be opened.

The majority of components from the energy sector are designed for mounting on a rear wall and access from the front. With corresponding conventional devices, basically all walls can be used from the inside; however, only one rear of an access door is then accessible from the front and the space in the middle cannot be used.

Furthermore, when installing components with higher voltages, so-called creepage distances and air gaps must generally be observed so that voltage differences between contacts along (possibly also contaminated) surfaces or through the air even under the most unfavorable conditions Conditions not unloaded. In view of these creepage distances, tight installation is often difficult.

An element essential to the invention is therefore a rail guide for a vertical insert. This allows elements that preferably belong together to be combined and mounted on a common support. This carrier in turn can either be moved within the charging station or even pulled out of the charging station in the direction perpendicular to that side surface which has an access door or opening, on the rail or on the - preferably two or three - rails.

Further advantageous refinements of the invention are specified in the dependent claims.

list of figures

• 1 zeigt die Ansicht einer Ladesäule.
• 2 zeigt die Ansicht einer Schiene.
• 3 zeigt die Ansicht einer ersten Trägerplatte.
• 4 zeigt eine Draufsicht der Schiene.
• 5 zeigt eine erste Einzelheit der Schiene.
• 6 zeigt eine zweite Einzelheit der Schiene.
• 7 zeigt eine weitere Ansicht der Schiene.
• 8 zeigt die Ansicht einer zweiten Trägerplatte.
• 9 zeigt die transparente Ansicht einer dritten Trägerplatte mit zwei Schienen.
• 10 zeigt eine weitere Ansicht der Ladesäule im geöffneten Zustand.
• 11 zeigt eine erste Einzelheit der Ladesäule.
• 12 zeigt eine zweite Einzelheit der Ladesäule.
• 13 zeigt eine dritte Einzelheit der Ladesäule.

Exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings and are described in more detail below.

• 1 shows the view of a charging station.
• 2 shows the view of a rail.
• 3 shows the view of a first carrier plate.
• 4 shows a top view of the rail.
• 5 shows a first detail of the rail.
• 6 shows a second detail of the rail.
• 7 shows another view of the rail.
• 8th shows the view of a second carrier plate.
• 9 shows the transparent view of a third carrier plate with two rails.
• 10 shows a further view of the charging station in the open state.
• 11 shows a first detail of the charging station.
• 12 shows a second detail of the charging station.
• 13 shows a third detail of the charging station.

Embodiments of the invention

1 illustrates the overall impression of a charging station ( 10 ) with a rail ( 11 ) the in 2 shown type is equipped, which in turn with a carrier plate ( 13 ), which can also be designed as a support frame with only strips, struts and optionally individual inserted panels, according to 3 interacts and, in contrast to the horizontal drawers known from many control cabinets, is oriented vertically in the present case. How 4 clarifies, the rail ( 11 ) a fixation mechanism ( 15 ) for locking in a predetermined position, preferably the operating position. Like a synopsis of 5 . 6 and 7 shows, the said fixation can be achieved with a bolt ( 15 ) take place when inserted into the charging station ( 10 ) automatically locked, but must be unlocked for removal, e.g. by manually operating a lever. Alternatively, the fixation can take place by means of a catch, which can be overcome with a predetermined minimum force. In any case, the rail ( 11 ) about suitable specializations ( 12 ) or suspension points into which appropriately shaped hooks, bolts or other fastening elements ( 14 ; see also 8th on the part of the carrier plate ( 13 ) intervene. The rails are most stable ( 11 ) as shown by the vertical arrow in 9 marked, preferably in the direction of their storage and longer edge.

Alternatively or in addition to the fixation mechanism ( 15 ) there may also be a removal mechanism which allows the last rail segment to be completely removed in order to pull out the entire carrier plate with the rail segment and to remove it from the other rail segments.

In this way, an interchangeable drawer is created, which can be completely replaced in just a few steps during maintenance. In this case, the last rail segment (s) can be firmly attached to the carrier plate ( 13 ) or support frame can be mounted, for example by screwing or riveting.

One on the rails described ( 11 ) movably mounted carrier ( 16 ) can, as in the example according to 10 , for example in front of the charging station's power cables ( 10 ) can be arranged without denying the maintenance technician access to these cables. 11 grants a view through the door side into the partially transparent charging station to explain this structure ( 10 ). Rails ( 11 ) of the said type are here about spacers ( 17 ) mounted on a side wall, which the carrier plate ( 13 ) move to a second level in front of the first, in which cables run here.

In the present embodiment, the carrier plate ( 13 ) comprehensive carrier ( 16 ) or parts of it in the extended state according to 12 and 13 from the rails ( 11 ) can be removed. The carrier ( 16 ) in the linearly mounted rails ( 11 ) so that the weight of the carrier ( 16 ) or the relevant part of the carrier ( 16 ) this in the suspended state in the stored part of the rail ( 11 ) fixed. The vertical “drawer” created in this way differs in its essence clearly from typical 19 "rack drawers that are installed in conventional systems. In particular, the drawer creates space on vertical surfaces and defines several vertical levels. 18 ) can be used on a further level in front of the side wall for components that require access from the front because the carrier ( 16 ) - at least when it comes out of the charging station ( 10 ) can be pulled out - is accessible from the front. This means that at least two surfaces are accessible from the front: on the one hand, the inside surface of the charging station opposite the door or opening ( 10 ) and at least one surface per vertical drawer. These can be occupied, for example, with components that are preferably accessible from the front.

In the embodiment shown in the illustration, a type of power and cable rail shaft ( 20 ) firmly on the wall behind the support plate ( 13 ) assembled. The carrier plate ( 13 ) ensures - especially in comparison to simple busbars - that the necessary clearances and creepage distances are maintained in a simple manner. According to the invention, the creepage paths along surfaces are limited to paths over the few bearing points; the plate itself can also be designed to be electrically insulating and thus stands in the way of the direct air gaps, so that they are “extended” around the plate.

Examples of components that are preferably accessible from the front are components with indicators or buttons on the front, such as energy meters, electronic controls with debug pins, sockets or DIP switches on the surface, which are required for diagnosis or programming and are so small that one Operation without visibility is unreasonable, or many components in DIN rail mounting. In a preferred embodiment, the removable carrier plate ( 13 ) Low-voltage components installed, while in the plane behind the carrier plate ( 13 ) High-voltage components - i.e. above the safety extra-low voltage (SELV), but not necessarily in the case of high-voltage components.

The carrier plate ( 13 ) thus represents an easily removable barrier that extends creepage and air distances and prevents contact with loose HV or LV components. In the design according to 13 include the NV components of the carrier plate ( 13 ) in particular the charging station control as the central control unit (ECU) of the user unit, which includes at least one circuit board with integrated circuits and processor (s), other digital components - e.g. the monitoring of the charging cable, the power supply to the charging station control and the other digital components - and that for Operation of the aforementioned components necessary wiring.

Through the drawer, the charging station control comes in close proximity to the, here almost exactly behind, the control panel of the charging station ( 10 ) with the touch display with which the charging station control is directly connected.

Alternatively, however, the display could also be at a similar height on another side wall, as long as there is a sufficiently short distance between the charging station control and the display in the retracted state to connect lines.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is only included for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent literature cited

• US 2013207606 A [0005]
• DE 4213405 A1 [0005]
• DE 202017100174 U1 [0005]
• US 2010013433 A [0005]

Claims (11)

Charging column (10) for electric cars, characterized by the following features: - the charging column (10) comprises a carrier plate (13), - the charging column (10) comprises rails (11) with several segments for absorbing vertical loads and - the rails (11) are adapted to selectively move the carrier plate (13) out of the charging station (10). Charging station (10) Claim 1 , characterized by the following features: - the carrier plate (13) is aligned vertically. Charging station (10) Claim 1 or 2 , characterized by the following features: - the carrier plate (13) has hooks or bolts (14), - the rails (11) have depressions (12) for engaging or hanging in the hooks or bolts (14) and - the hooks or bolts (14) have a diameter widening at one end to secure the rails (11) against falling out. Charging station (10) according to one of the Claims 1 to 3 , characterized by the following features: - the rails (11) have a fixing mechanism (15) and a guide and - the rails (11) each have a last stored segment such that the last segment unlocks, pulled out of the guide and Charging column (10) can be removed together with the support plate (13). Charging station (10) according to one of the Claims 1 to 4 , characterized by the following features: - the charging station (10) contains power cables and a carrier (16) comprising the carrier plate (13) and - the carrier (16) is movably mounted on the rails (11) in front of the power cables. Charging station (10) according to one of the Claims 1 to 5 , characterized by the following features: - the charging column (10) comprises a side wall, spacers (17) and elements fixedly mounted in a first level, the first level cutting a space (18) between the support plate (13) and the side wall, and - The spacers (17) move the carrier plate (13) in a second level before the first level. Charging station (10) Claim 6 , characterized by the following features: - the charging column (10) comprises a charging cable, a floor and a roof with an outlet for the charging cable and - the elements comprise charging lines and cooling lines which come from the bottom of external power electronics and a cooling system into the charging column 10) and run behind the carrier plate (13) along the side wall to the outlet. Charging station (10) according to one of the Claims 6 or 7 , characterized by the following feature: - the space (18) is a line and cable rail shaft (20) fixed to the side wall. Charging station (10) according to one of the Claims 1 to 8th , characterized by the following features: - the charging station (10) has a door and a further space (19) for components to be assembled or serviced by the door on a side opposite the door and - the components comprise DIN rails (11) , Charging station (10) according to one of the Claims 1 to 9 , characterized by the following feature: - the charging station (10) comprises a charging station controller (21), cable guides (22) and a voltage supply (23) for the charging station controller (21) and further digital components. Loading park with a charging station (10) according to one of the Claims 1 to 10 ,

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