DE102018007745A1 - XPS panels and EPS panels with flame retardant - Google Patents

Abstract

According to the invention, the flame retardant / fire protection is concentrated on polystyrene foam panels on the outer surfaces, where a fire attacks.

Description

The invention relates to XPS panels and EPS panels with flame retardants, especially for building purposes.

Polystyrene (PS) is a thermoplastic.

Thermoplastics are plastics that soften under heating and can be deformed in the softening state and retain the obtained shape after cooling. This process is often repeatable.

The thermoplastics include, for example: acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, (ABS), polyamides (PA), polylactate (PLA), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP ), Polystyrene (PS), polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC).

The bulk plastics include polystyrene and polyolefins such as polyethylene and polypropylene.

In the above list are polymers such as polycarbonate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene. The other plastics are copolymers. That is, the copolymers are composed of various monomers.

Usually, the plastics are processed together with additives, additives and fillers. The additives and additives should give the desired product certain properties; For example, increased strength and / or increased resistance to aging and / or increased elasticity or higher heat loadability. The surcharges may also serve to facilitate processing.

The additives can be other plastics and much more; for example fibers.

The fillers serve to stretch the plastic.

• -daß die Einsatzstoffe einschließlich Polystyrol und Treibmittel aufgegeben werden,
• -das Polystyrol aufgeschmolzen und mit den anderen Einsatzstoffen vermischt wird
• -daß aus dem Extruder durch eine Düse ein endloser Schmelzstränge in eine Umgebung geringeren Druckes austritt und aufschäumt
• -der nach Formgebung in einem Kalibrator und
• -nach ausreichender Abkühlung als Extrusionsstrang spanabhebend bearbeitet wird
• -und zu Platten abgelängt wird.

XPS boards are polystyrene foam boards that are made by an extruder

• -that the starting materials including polystyrene and propellant are abandoned,
• -masked the polystyrene and mixed with the other ingredients
• - That exits from the extruder through a nozzle, an endless melt strands in a low pressure environment and foams
• - After shaping in a calibrator and
• after sufficient cooling as extruded strand is machined
• and cut to plates.

EPS sheets are polystyrene foam sheets, which can be produced in two ways.

• -Schmelze Erzeugung wie bei der XPS-Herstellung mit eingeschlossenem Treibmittel
• -Austritt verschiedener endloser feiner Schmelzstränge mittels kleiner Düsen vor,
• -wobei die Schmelze aus dem Extruder in der Umgebung hohen Druck austritt
• -die Schmelzestränge zu Granulat zerkleinert werden. Das geschieht vorzugsweise unter Wasser.
• -das Granulat wird anschließend in einem weiteren nachgeschalteten Prozess in einem Formteilautomaten zu einem Block verarbeitet. Das geschieht nach Einfüllen des Granulats in den Formteilautomaten durch Bedampfung des Granulates mit Heißdampf. Durch diese Bedampfung erweicht das Granulat an der Oberfläche, so daß die verschiedenen Partikel unter dem Druck in dem Formteilautomaten miteinander verschweißen. Nach ausreichender Abkühlung wird der Block aus dem Formteilautomaten entnommen und in Platten geschnitten.

One way provides:

• Melt production as in XPS production with trapped propellant
• -Excession of various endless fine melt strands by means of small nozzles before,
• wherein the melt exits the extruder in the environment of high pressure
• -the melt strands are comminuted into granules. This is preferably done under water.
• -the granules are then processed in a further downstream process in a molding machine into a block. This happens after filling the granules in the molding machines by steaming the granules with superheated steam. By this evaporation, the granules softened on the surface, so that the various particles weld together under the pressure in the molding machine. After sufficient cooling, the block is removed from the molding machine and cut into sheets.

Both the XPS boards and the EPS boards produced in the manner described above are conventionally provided with a flame retardant which has been charged to the extruder as described above in the form described above. In the extruder there is a uniform distribution of the flame retardant in the melt. Accordingly, the flame retardant material is also uniformly distributed in the XPS plates and the EPS plates.

The other way of producing EPS sheets involves the use of particles in the molding machine, which are obtained not in the extruder but in the autoclave. Monomers are used in an aqueous suspension in the autoclave and brought to polymerization with heating, pressure and circulation and with the aid of polymerization, either all additives are added sequentially in the polymerization start process or the polymerization at the beginning of a Masterbatchgperle containing all additives , added.

In the autoclave, in the next process step, the particles are loaded with one Propellant, so that the particles produced by suspension polymerization behave in the molding machine as well as the particles produced in the first way. By steaming with superheated steam, the particles are softened / fused at their contact surfaces, so that under the pressure in the Fomteilautomaten comes to a welding and blocking.

These blocks are sliced after sufficient cooling as the blocks produced in the first way to EPS plates.

The extruder is available in a variety of designs, most often as single-screw extruders. In this case, runs in a housing a screw, which transports the plastic to the extrusion die.

Another common type is the twin screw extruder. In this case, two screws are provided in a housing parallel to each other, which rotate either in the same direction or in opposite directions.

A rarer type is the planetary roller extruder, which consists of an internally toothed fixed housing, a central rotating central spindle and various planetary spindles, which rotate around the central spindle between the housing and the central spindle. The toothing of the planetary spindles meshes with the toothing of the central spindle and the internal toothing of the housing.

All extruder types have in common that produces a melt for the production of plastic foam and mixed with propellant. The blowing agent can be added to the plastic (in solid form) in the extruder. The blowing agent may also be sprayed as a liquid into the extruder after the melt has formed.

In the extruder, the blowing agent is mixed with the melt.

In the extruder, the prevailing pressure prevents foaming of the plastic. The foaming takes place when the melt exits the extruder in an atmosphere of lower pressure (usually ambient pressure).

The XPS boards as well as the EPS boards are used as building products. In many countries, this is only allowed if these panels are provided with sufficient flame retardancy.

Many flame retardants are harmful to the environment. Other flame retardants are hazardous to health. Some flame retardants are not compatible with the plastic to be foamed. Particular difficulties arise in the incorporation of flame retardants in polystyrene.

In addition, the effect of many flame retardants is low. This shows in case of fire. Frightening pictures of façade fires circulate in the media, in which a thermal insulation of the facade made of polystyrene foam panels has caught fire. The fire develops at high speed as soon as the plastic liquefies through appropriate heating and is ignited in the liquid form by a flame. For people who are still in the associated buildings, leaving the building is extremely difficult.

The flame retardants are added to the polymer matrix to inhibit or suppress the combustion process. They mainly affect the ignitability of the material or reduce the flame spread. They should have other properties of the polymer, e.g. affect the mechanics or the appearance (for example the transparency, color) as little as possible or not at all.

In detail:

After ignition, the burning material releases heat and causes an additional increase in temperature. This accelerates pyrolysis processes and ignites further flammable material. The speed of the development of the fire is due to the release of heat (heat generation) and the flammability of the material and the resulting flame propagation.

Due to strong heat generation and large release of gas during the fire (especially in space fires) can create a gas mixture that causes a fire expansion at very high speed. This sudden ignition and burning off of pyrolysis gases is referred to as flue gas flash over / flash over flashover.

The fire reaches its highest temperatures. The entire combustible material (fire load) is involved (fire penetration). The fire load is decisive for the extent of the fire and the resulting damage. Only the exhaustion of one of the fire components (combustible material or oxygen) results in the decay of the fire.

The flame retardancy mechanism depends strongly on the chemical structure of the flame retardant and its interaction with the polymer. The basic understanding of the structure-activity relationship is the prerequisite for the targeted development of customized flame retardants and the optimization of flame retardant mechanisms and action for a given application.

Flame retardants serve to inhibit, ideally to avoid inflammation, flame spread and / or fire. One can distinguish between physical and chemical modes of action.

To the chemical mechanisms:

By means of a reaction in the gas phase is interrupted by the flame retardant of the radical mechanism and thus inhibited the oxidation reaction, the effective combustion enthalpy of the material decreases. This reduces the heat input of the flame and reduces heat release.

Next, a pyrolysis to non-combustible gases from the polymer in combination with the flame retardant. These non-combustible gases extinguish the flame by diluting the flammable gases and lowering the flame temperature.

Typical radical scavengers are halogen-containing flame retardants based on chlorine or bromine, but more importantly red phosphorus and sulfur are used alone or in combination or in a compound such as sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid. As well as the salts of acids.

To the physical mechanisms:

The delivery of water causes a cooling of the flame. The endothermic release of non-combustible gases such as H ₂ O, CO ₂ or organic or inorganic nitrogen compounds causes fuel dilution.

By increasing the enthalpy of vaporization and reducing the effective combustion enthalpy decreases. Examples are aluminum hydroxide (ATH), magnesium hydroxide (MDH) and boron-containing compounds.

Inert fillers replace combustible with non-combustible material and cause dilution.

The invention has also taken on the task of developing a suitable flame retardant that meets modern requirements.

The invention is based on the recognition that the previous flame retardancy philosophy is ineffective. According to the previous flame retardancy philosophy, the flame retardants are evenly distributed in the plastic foam. The flame retardant is only as strong as it results from the even distribution. As a result, a fire may be unstoppable if a fire has occurred at one point and the temperature load has reached a corresponding level. The invention has recognized that a much greater fire protection can be achieved when the flame retardants are concentrated at the point where an attack of the flames is expected. According to the invention, a coating with flame retardants is therefore provided at least on the particularly vulnerable outer surfaces. The most vulnerable areas are those areas that form the exterior of the building on the facade of a building. The concentrated flame retardants protect much better than the uniformly distributed in the plastic foam flame retardants.

Optionally, other outer surfaces of the plastic foam panels are coated with flame retardants. This has the advantage that the plastic foam panels are also protected against hot combustion gases that pull through, for example, through a facade.

With the concentration of flame retardants according to the invention on the outer sides of the XPS plates and the EPS plates, the invention leaves the practice of decades of uniform distribution of the flame retardants in the foam plates.

In this case, the different fire risk at the different outer surfaces corresponding to different facade areas (for example, base, ground floor, upper floor) can be accommodated by different coating thicknesses. Preferably, then the plastic foam remote from the outside of the fire protection has the greatest thickness.

The largest thickness is preferably less than 3 mm, more preferably less than 2 mm and most preferably less than 1 mm.

For example, the coating thickness at the other outer surfaces of the plastic foam may be at least 20% less than the largest thickness, preferably at least 40% lower, and still more preferably at least 60% lower and most preferably at least 70% less than the largest thickness be the plastic foam facing away from the outer surface of the fire protection.

It is also advantageous if the fire protection layer is adapted to the respective fire potential or the respective risk of fire. According to the invention, starting from a Fire protection layer with a small thickness of, for example, 0.5 mm for a low fire potential or for a low risk of fire achieved in that in case of greater fire potential or greater fire hazard, a fire protection layer is selected with a thickness that is thicker than the Ausgangsbrandschutzschicht by a factor. The factor can be simplified by the ratio in which the greater fire potential is related to the fire potential associated with the initial layer thickness or in which the greater risk of fire is associated with the risk of fire associated with the initial layer thickness. For example, doubling the fire potential results in a doubling of the output layer thickness to accommodate the greater fire potential. The factor may vary by up to 10% from the above proportional calculation, also by up to 20% or up to 30% from the above proportional calculation.

The starting layer thickness of the fire protection layer can also be less than 0.5 mm or greater than 0.5 mm, depending on its nature.

The fire protection layer consists in the simplest case consistently from the same flame retardant / fire protection material.

An advantage may be a multilayer structure of the fire protection layer. For example, it may be provided in the plastic foam to be protected outermost layer of fire protection, a layer having a higher heat load than the underlying layer, while the underlying layer of fire protection is more flexible than the outermost layer of fire protection and a carrier layer for forms the higher heat-resistant layer. On the way, for example, the outermost layer can be adjusted to a heat load of 600 to 750 degrees Celsius, while the associated material of an underlying layer is designed only for a heat load of 100 degrees Celsius and less.

The fire retardants / flame retardants can be of different types. Preferably, the fire retardants / flame retardants are natural products and / or derivatives thereof.

• -Aluminiumhydroxid (ATH) ATH zersetzt sich bei ca. 225 Grad Celsius unter Abgabe großer Mengen an H₂O und trägt somit zur Kühlung bei einem Brand bei und reduziert zu einem großen Anteil die Rauchgasentwicklung
• -Blähgrafit Im Brandfall expandiert der Blähgraphit durch Hitzeinwirkung auf das Mehrhunderfache des ursprünglichen Volumens und bildet eine Intumenszenzschicht auf der Oberfläche des Kunststoffschaumes. Sie verlangsamt in die Brandausweitung, der Ausbreitung toxischer Gase und Rauch. Zusätzlich verlangsamen die im Blähgraphit eingelagerten anorganischen und organischen Säuren den Brandprozess durch Brandgasverdünnung.
• -Bimsgestein, Blähton
• -Fasern aus Glas oder Keramik
• -feuerfester Mörtel
• - Kreide, Kalk, Gips
• -Lignin, lignocellulose Rohstoffe
• - depol. Lignin Lignin bildet im Brandfall einen Kohlenstoffmantel um den thermoplastischen Teil der Platte. Es entsteht ein Makromolekularer Schutz vor Oxidation
• -Magnesiumhydroxid
• -Mineralien, Feuerstein/Siliziumdioxid, Silikaten, zum Beispiel Montmorillorit, Bentonit, Kaolin,
• -Mikroglaskugeln
• - Aerosile
• -Phosphor (rot)

The fire protection material / flame retardant material may be any conventional fire protection material / flame retardant material. Preferably, the fire protection material is selected from the following group.

• -Aluminium hydroxide (ATH) ATH decomposes at about 225 degrees Celsius with the release of large amounts of H ₂ O and thus contributes to the cooling in a fire and reduced to a large extent the flue gas development
• Blown graphite In case of fire, the expandable graphite expands by heat to several times the original volume and forms an intumescent layer on the surface of the plastic foam. It slows down the spread of fire, the spread of toxic gases and smoke. In addition, the inorganic and organic acids stored in the expandable graphite slow down the burning process by reducing the fire gas.
• Pumice stone, expanded clay
• -Fibres made of glass or ceramic
• fire-proof mortar
• - chalk, lime, gypsum
• Lignin, lignocellulosic raw materials
• - Depol. Lignin lignin forms a carbon coating around the thermoplastic part of the panel in case of fire. The result is a macromolecular protection against oxidation
• -Magnesiumhydroxid
• Minerals, flint / silica, silicates, for example montmorillorite, bentonite, kaolin,
• -Mikroglaskugeln
• - aerosils
• Phosphor (red)

This phosphor, with a melting point of 44 degrees Celsius, creates non-flammable gases during the pyrolysis of thermoplastics.

• -Schamotte
• -Schwefel (gelb)

In the condensed phase, phosphorus-containing flame retardants can promote charring.

• -Schamotte
• Sulfur (yellow)

• - Talkum
• - Vermiculit Vermiculit mit einem Schmelzpunkt über 1300 Grad Celsius ist inertes Material. Es schwächt die Brennstoffkettenreaktion. Lokale Orte des Vermiculits bleiben erhalten.
• - Wasserglas

This sulfur with a melting point of 115 degrees Celsius has a similar function as phosphorus

• - talc
• - vermiculite vermiculite with a melting point above 1300 degrees Celsius is inert material. It weakens the fuel chain reaction. Local places of vermiculite are preserved.
• - water glass

These materials can also be used in mixtures with one another and / or in mixtures with other materials as a fire retardant.

Advantageously, this also flame retardant materials / fire protection materials accessible that are not or less suitable for processing in the extruder.

• - Aufspritzen/Aufsprühen
• -Aufkleben
• - Aufschweißen
• - Aufstreichen
• -Aufwalzen
• -Eindrücken in die Oberfläche des Kunststoffschaumes

For the application on the plastic foam, various methods come into question:

• - spraying / spraying
• -Stick on
• - welding
• - painting
• -Aufwalzen
• - Press into the surface of the plastic foam

During spraying / spraying, the tape protection material is placed in suspension, ie mixed with suitable liquid, pressurized and thrown with a spray gun / spray gun against the surface of the plastic foam.

The spraying / spraying can also be done with compressed air, which is connected to a suspension line, that the suspension is sucked by the compressed air and entrained.

The suspension can be produced with water or other liquids.

Different plastics offer no or only too little adhesion for the suspension with the flame retardant / fire protection material. Then a pretreatment of the plastic foam surface is an advantage. The pretreatment may be a corona treatment and / or a coating with a primer.

For the welding is required that the fire protection material consists of at least a substantial part of the same or of a weldable material. In the case of a polystyrene foam, the welding involves embedding the fire protection material in a polystyrene layer or in a polystyrene blend layer (mixture of polystyrene or a suitable copolymer of polystyrene with another plastic). To produce the fire protection layer, its plastic can be brought into mixture with extruder-running flameproofing material / fire protection material in the extruder. Non-extruder flame retardant material / fire protection material can be mixed with other known mixers.

The mixture for the fire protection layer can then be placed between two rollers, with which a uniform layer thickness can be ensured.

For welding, the contact surfaces / welding surfaces of the plastic foam and the fire protection layer are melted by heating and pressed against each other. The heating takes place optionally by radiation or by means of hot gas or by means of a thin heating sword by contact.

When gluing an adhesive is used, which develops so much adhesion to the adhesive surfaces of the plastic foam and the fire protection layer, that a sufficient connection of the fire protection layer is formed with the plastic foam. It is also advantageous if a heat-resistant adhesive is used. Preferably, therefore, a phenolic resin adhesive is used, while the use of wollastonite or other mineral fibers is advantageous.

Next can be used for welding the cover layer, the microwave technology, while the microwave conductivity of the aggregates is used.

The fire protection layer can consist of a quantity of solid particles as well as of a fabric web or film or plate with a carrier layer.

In this case, the flameproofing material / fire protection material can be embedded in a foamed or unfoamed plastic layer. The flame retardant material / fire protection material may also be embedded in a textile. For example, single-layer fabrics, knitted fabrics, knits or scrims are suitable for this purpose. Advantageous are spacer fabrics (for example of glass) or spacer fleeces or spacer fabrics. Spacer fabrics may consist of two spaced-apart fabric layers which are interconnected by threads. The connection is made by needling or sewing. When needling, needles that carry barbs at the tip, drawn from a layer of tissue threads in the other tissue layer. The connection of the fabric layers can be done with intermediate flame retardant material / fire protection material.

Spacer nonwovens can be made in the same way as spacer fabric and provided with flame retardant / fire retardant material. Spacer knits also have two spaced layers, but created in a single action process. For spacer fabrics another embedding of flame retardant / fire protection material is appropriate.

Also for the embedding in spacer fabric / spacer fleece / spacer knitted fabric bonding of the flame retardant / fire protection material is advantageous. This prevents unwanted displacement and possibly leakage of (fine-grained / dusty or free-flowing) flame retardant / fire protection material during processing, storage, transport and installation of polystyrene foam boards. The amount of adhesive can be kept very low. As far as it depends only on the connection, a partial surface bonding may be sufficient.

It is basically possible to separate the bonding process into physical bonding, e.g. Adhesion and chemical bonding e.g. chemical roughening or dissolving the surface.

For example, even a selective bonding of flame retardants / fire retardants in the textiles may be sufficient. The invention includes (in relation to the surface to be protected) a bonding in small-area, spaced-apart areas.

In another variant, the adhesive should contribute to fire protection.

Then a full-surface bonding is provided. A suitable adhesive for this task is a phenolic adhesive.

For the fire protection according to the invention is advantageous if the textiles are particularly resistant to heat. These textiles may consist of glass fibers or ceramic fibers.

Optionally, a fire protection layer is used, which consists of a textile layer of glass fibers or ceramic fibers and an overlying additional layer of flame retardants / fire retardants available, the textile layer adhered to the polystyrene foam plate and the layer of flame retardant / Breandschutzmittel glued to the fabric and / or digs is.

Various adhesives are available for bonding, including particularly heat-resistant adhesives such as phenolic resin adhesive.

It is also possible to soften the surface of the plastic foam and press in / einwalzen a solid particles existing flame retardant / fire protection material in the surface.

Optionally, the carrier material for the flame retardant / fire protection material is a higher heat-resistant plastic than the plastic foam to be protected. For example, as a carrier material polypropylene application, foamed or unfoamed. Such carrier material can be glued well with a polystyrene foam surface. In addition, welding is possible within limits if an EVA layer is provided as a bonding agent between the polystyrene foam and the fire protection layer of polypropylene and embedded flame retardant / fire protection material.

The flame retardant / fire protection according to the invention on polystyrene foam boards is preferably chosen also from the viewpoint of ease of machining and ease of assembly.

It is usually unavoidable that the polystyrene foam panels must be cut in the dimensions of the building to adapt to edges / corners and curves. The plastic behaves in cutting quite different than many flame retardants / fire retardants. Optionally therefore find different tools for cutting the fire protection layer and cutting the polystyrene foam application. For example, motorized grinding wheels are particularly useful for severing fire protection layers of various materials, while other cutting tools such as saws or filaments are used to sever the polystyrene foam.

For the polystyrene foam boards processed at the construction site, a supplementary flame protection / fire protection on the machined surfaces is preferably provided. For this purpose, especially film webs and textile webs are suitable, which carry flame protection material / fire protection material on one side and are adhered to the machined surface of the polystyrene foam boards with the other side.

Incidentally, the use of the fire protection layers has advantageous side effects:

This applies in particular to fire protection layers with a closed plastic layer as a carrier layer for the fire protection material.

Advantageously, the fire protection layer then acts as a diffusion inhibitor.

It brakes the escape of the blowing agent from the plastic foam, with which the plastic foam has been produced. The braking effect is the more important the longer the blowing agent in the plastic foam is to be prevented from exiting. This is the case, for example, with a complex HFO propellant. For this purpose, a coating of the plastic foam surfaces should be done with a barrier film according to an older proposal.

This will be unnecessary if a fire protection layer according to the invention is used.

Another advantage of the fire protection layers according to the invention is a stronger noise insulation.

As far as a fire protection layer is provided with a textile at both opposing broad sides of the polystyrene foam plates at the same time, so that a restraint can be connected, which prevents a tipping of the plates under one-sided heat.

In the drawing is a preparation according to the invention with fire protection coated polystyrene foam boards.

In this case, 1 denotes an extrusion strand.

The extrusion line 1 emerges from an extruder, not shown, and is on a roller conveyor, not shown, after sufficient cooling in a coating station.

The coating station includes a worktable 2 on which a conveyor belt 3 slides. The conveyor belt 3 has a visible in the drawing upper strand, a non-illustrated lower strand and not shown tape rolls, of which at least one of the rollers is driven.

The Untertrum not shown runs back under the work table.

The extrusion line 1 slides over the roller conveyor, not shown on the conveyor belt 3 under an adhesive dosage 4 , From the glue dosage 4 occurs in the exemplary embodiment of heat-resistant phenolic resin adhesive. In this case, the phenolic resin adhesive on the surface of the extrusion strand 1 equally distributed.

Thereafter, a nonwoven on the adhesive layer 5 stored.

The fleece 5 is a fiberglass nonwoven made of glass fibers. The fleece 5 has a basis weight of 40 grams per square meter.

The fleece 5 is from a supply roll 6 pulled and over a roll 7 stored.

On the fleece 5 becomes a vermiculite layer 8th stored. The vermiculite layer 8th created by means of a funnel 9 from which the vermiculite layer 8th on the fleece 5 is abandoned. The vermiculite layer is rolled 10 compressed and against the fleece 5 and pressed the underlying adhesive layer.

The adhesive layer is dimensioned such that it presses through the fleece into the vermiculite layer and the vermiculite particles hold on the fleece 5 or on the extrusion line 1 gives.

The by glue, fleece 5 and vermiculite layer 8th Fire protection layer formed in the embodiment has a thickness of 0.9 mm.

After completion of the fire protection layer of the extrusion line is cut to form panels, which are intended in the embodiment of a facade. The panels are laid so that the fire protection layer forms the outside of the building.

In a further embodiment, a fire protection layer is also provided on the other surfaces of the plates. The fire protection layer is formed by painting these surfaces with water glass.

In still another embodiment, instead of the extrusion strand 1 a strand of consecutive EPS plates provided. The EPS sheets are connected together by the coating. At the joints then a separation of the coating takes place.

Claims (7)

Preparation of flame-retardant polystyrene foam boards, the polystyrene foam boards being introduced into an extruder by introducing feedstocks including polystyrene and blowing agent into an extruder, melting the polystyrene, blending the other feedstocks into the melt, discharging the melt through a die into a lower pressure environment Calibrator with expansion of the melt, formation of an extrusion strand, cooling of the melt strand and processing of the extrusion strand, cutting of the extrusion strand are produced or by introducing feedstocks including polystyrene and a blowing agent in an extruder, melting the polystyrene, mixing the other feed materials in the melt, Discharge of the melt through a plurality of small nozzles as a thin melt strands in a high pressure environment, crushing the melt strands after sufficient cooling to a foam granules, filling the foam granules in a molding machine, charging the foam granules in the molding machine with superheated steam welding the foam granules in the molding machine into a block , Dividing the block to plates are produced or -by polymerization of monomers in the autoclave, loading of the resulting polystyrene particles with blowing agent, prefoaming the polystyrene particles before filling in a molding machine, filling the resulting foam particles in the molding machines, loading the foam particles in the molding machine with hot steam welding the Foam particles in the molding machine to a block dividing the block into plates characterized by a coating of the polystyrene foam plates at least on one outer side, having the polystyrene foam plate facing away, with flame retardant / fire retardant to a fire protection layer, wherein the fire protection layer preferably has a thickness of less than 3mm, more preferably a thickness of less than 2mm and still more preferably a thickness of less than 1mm Production after Claim 2 , characterized in that the other outer surfaces are coated with flame retardant / fire retardant, wherein the layer thickness at least 20% less preferably at least 40% less, more preferably at least 60% and most preferably at least 70% less than the thickness of the fire protection layer on the the plastic foam plate facing away from the outside. Production after Claim 1 or 2 CHARACTERIZED IN THAT the fire protection layer is multi-layered, with the outermost layer selected to have a higher thermal loading capacity and the underlying layer is selected to have lower thermal loading capability but greater flexibility than the outermost layer, each layer of the fire protective layer having a higher thermal loading capability than that of FIG Polystyrene foam possesses. Production after Claim 3 , characterized in that the individual layers of the fire protection layers are glued together or mixed together. Production after Claim 4 , characterized by the use of phenolic resin adhesive. Production according to one of Claims 1 to 5 , characterized in that the flame retardant / fire protection material is sprayed on the polystyrene foam plaque or brushed or glued or welded. Production according to one of Claims 1 to 6 characterized in that the flame retardant material / fire retardant material is selected from the group consisting of: bleach graphite pumice stone, expanded clay fibers of glass or ceramic and textile soft fiber refractory mortar, chalk, lime, gypsum minerals, flint / silica, silicates, for example montmorillonite, bentonite, kaolin, microglass spheres lignin, lignocellulosic raw materials depot. Lignin-chamotte - talc-water glass

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