DE102018003094A1 - Mixture of a main fluid flow and an admixing fluid - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a mixer for static mixing of a main fluid flow (1) and an admixing fluid (2), comprising a flow channel (10) for guiding the main fluid flow and a supply (30-33) with outlet openings (20) arranged in the flow channel for delivering the flow passage Zumischfluids, wherein at least two of the outlet openings in a first distribution direction (x) transversely to the flow channel axis (A) and at least 10 of the outlet openings in a second distribution direction transversely to the flow channel axis (A) are spaced from each other.

Description

The present invention relates to a mixer and a method for static mixing of a main fluid stream and an admixing fluid.

An object of one embodiment of the present invention is to improve mixing of a main fluid stream and an admixing fluid.

This object is achieved by a mixer with the features of claim 1 and a method having the features of claim 6. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

• - einen Strömungskanal, der den Hauptfluidstrom führt bzw. hierzu eingerichtet ist bzw. verwendet wird, und
• - eine ein- oder mehrteilige Zuführung mit im Strömungskanal angeordneten Austrittsöffnungen, durch die das Zumischfluid zugeführt wird bzw. die hierzu eingerichtet sind bzw. verwendet werden,

aufweist, das Zumischfluid dem Hauptfluidstrom über die Austrittsöffnungen zugeführt, wobei wenigstens drei, dieser Austrittsöffnungen in einer ersten Verteilungsrichtung quer zur Strömungskanalachse und wenigstens 10, insbesondere wenigstens 15, in einer Ausführung wenigstens 16, der Austrittsöffnungen in einer zweiten Verteilungsrichtung um eine Strömungskanalachse voneinander beabstandet (angeordnet) sind, bzw. ist bzw. wird dieser Mischer hierzu bzw. entsprechend eingerichtet bzw. verwendet.According to one embodiment of the present invention, for static mixing of a main fluid stream and a mixing fluid by means of a mixer, which

• a flow channel which guides or is used for the main fluid flow, and
• a one-part or multi-part feed with outlet openings arranged in the flow channel, through which the admixing fluid is supplied or which are or are set up for this purpose,

has, the admixing fluid supplied to the main fluid flow through the outlet openings, wherein at least three, these outlet openings in a first distribution direction transverse to the flow channel axis and at least 10 , in particular at least 15 , in one execution at least 16 , The outlet openings in a second distribution direction about a flow channel axis spaced from each other (are arranged), or is this or this set up or used respectively.

By means of this significant number of outlet openings arranged distributed in at least two (distribution) directions in the flow channel, a quasi-continuous inflow distribution and thereby a homogeneous mixing can advantageously be realized in one embodiment in comparison to a few outlet openings.

In the present case, static mixing is understood in particular to mean a drive-free or actuatorless mixing or mixing without drive of movable mixer components for mixing. Accordingly, in one embodiment, the outlet openings are stationary or stationary to the flow channel, in particular its inner wall. As a result, in one embodiment, the apparatus and / or control technology effort can be reduced.

In one embodiment, the main fluid flow and the admixing fluid can have, in particular consist of the same fluid, in particular air, with different thermodynamic state variables, in particular (maximum, minimum and / or average) temperatures and / or pressures. As a result, in one embodiment, the main fluid flow can be tempered in a simple, low-loss and / or reliable manner.

In an embodiment with the first distribution direction, the second distribution direction forms an angle of at least 30 ° and / or at most 150 °, in particular at least 45 ° and / or at most 135 °, in one embodiment at least 75 ° and / or at most 115 °, in one embodiment Embodiment is the second distribution direction perpendicular to the first distribution direction.

Additionally or alternatively, in one embodiment at least two of the spaced apart in the first and / or second distribution direction outlet openings, at least substantially, at the same (axial) height of the flow channel axis.

Additionally or alternatively, in one embodiment, at least two adjacent ones of the outlet openings spaced from each other in the first and / or second distribution direction are axially spaced apart from one another or in the direction of the flow channel axis.

In one embodiment, at least two adjacent ones of the outlet openings are axially spaced apart from one another in the direction of the flow channel axis and / or in the first and / or second distribution direction by at least or at most twice, in particular four times, in an embodiment ten times their cross section.

In one embodiment, the supply to at least 10 , in particular at least 15 , in one embodiment, at least 16 at least two, in particular at least three, spaced apart in the first distribution direction outlet openings on, spaced-apart positions in the second distribution direction.

As a result, in one embodiment in each case individually, but in particular in combination of two or more of these features, a particularly advantageous mixture of main fluid flow and admixing fluid can be realized.

An A (xiala) section of the flow channel, which is also referred to below as a zone without loss of generality, extends in one embodiment from the supply or its downstream or upstream outlet opening at the axial or in the direction of the flow channel axis downstream or upwards at least three times, in particular five times, a geometric diameter of the flow channel, measured before, in particular immediately before or upstream of, the supply. The flow channel includes, for example, immediately before or upstream of the feed has a square cross-section of the edge length a, is the geometric diameter D = 2a / √π ((D / 2) ² π = (a / √π) ² π = a ² ). Likewise, in one embodiment, the geometric diameter in the sense of the present invention may correspond to the maximum, minimum or average width of the flow channel.

In other words, the (axial) length applies L the zone L / D ≥ 3, in particular L / D = 5 with the geometric diameter D ,

In one embodiment, the main fluid flow and the admixing fluid are mixed freely or not forcedly or the mixer is or is respectively set up or used for this purpose. In contrast to the so-called forced mixing, at least one, in particular concentric to the flow channel axis, inner portion of the flow channel in one, in particular the above-defined, downstream of the supply or upstream zone whose length is at least three times, in particular five times, a geometric diameter of the flow channel before the supply is, swirl-generating installation free.

In one embodiment, at least one, in particular a plurality, in one embodiment, at least the majority of the feed outlets are arranged on a main fluid upstream side of the feed, in particular thus the admixing fluid can be admixed to the main fluid flow at least predominantly in countercurrent or the mixer for this purpose be furnished. As a result, in a design on a short section of the flow channel axis a particularly strong mixing can be realized.

In one embodiment, at least one, in particular a plurality, in one embodiment, at least the plurality of outlet openings of the feed are arranged on a main fluid downstream side of the feed, in particular thus the admixing fluid can be admixed to the main fluid flow at least predominantly in cocurrent or the mixer for this purpose be furnished. As a result, in one embodiment, a pressure loss and / or a required overpressure in the feed can be reduced.

In one embodiment, the feed has at least one dome arranged in the flow channel, on which at least one, in particular a plurality, in one embodiment, at least the majority of the outlet openings of the feed is or are arranged. As a result, in one embodiment, a pressure loss can be reduced by the feed.

In one embodiment, the feed has two or more arranged in the flow channel, in a design on the inner circumference, in particular uniformly or equidistantly distributed, Einblassonden on which at least one, in particular more, in one embodiment at least the majority, the outlet openings of the feed is arranged or are. As a result, in one embodiment, a particularly strong mixing can be realized.

In one embodiment, the feed has at least one annular channel arranged in the flow channel, in particular a plurality of, preferably concentric, in one embodiment axially or in the direction of the flow channel axis, in one embodiment around at least one axial ring channel width, spaced or axially overlapping ring channels or at least one, in particular a plurality, in one embodiment at least the plurality, the outlet openings of the feed is or are arranged. In this way, in one embodiment, a pressure loss can be reduced by the supply and at the same time a homogeneous (re) mixing can be realized.

An inner wall of the flow channel, in one embodiment, may converge, diverge, in one of the regions defined upstream, upstream of the feed zone, whose length is at least three times, in particular five times, a geometric diameter of the flow channel prior to feeding or parallel to the flow channel axis (formed). In one embodiment, a divergent flow channel (zone) may reduce pressure loss, improve mixing in one embodiment through a converging flow channel (s), and may flow through a flow channel (s). With a constant cross-section in one embodiment, the setting of a temperature gradient can be improved.

bzw. ist bzw. wird der Mischer hierzu bzw. entsprechend eingerichtet bzw. verwendet. Dabei bezeichnet in fachüblicher Weise y den Isentropenexponenten des Hauptfluidstroms und/oder Zumischfluids.In one embodiment, the ratio (p _i / p _a ) of an internal pressure is at least one, in particular more, in an embodiment of at least the majority, the outlet openings of the feed p _i in the feeder to an external pressure p _a at an outflow opening smaller than [2 / (γ + 1)] ^{[γ / (γ-1)]} : $$\left({\text{p}}_{\text{i}}/{\text{p}}_{\text{a}}\right)<{\left[2/\left(\mathrm{\gamma \; +\; 1}\right)\right]}^{\left[\mathrm{\gamma \; /}\left(\mathrm{\gamma -1}\right)\right]}$$

or is the mixer for this purpose or set up or used accordingly. This designates in the usual way y the isentropic exponent of the main fluid stream and / or admixing fluid.

It has surprisingly been found that in this way a particularly advantageous mixing can be realized.

Additionally or alternatively, in one embodiment, the ratio of the main fluid flow to the delivered mass flow of the admixing fluid is greater than 1. Additionally or alternatively, in one embodiment, the ratio of the velocity of the admixing fluid to the velocity of the main fluid flow to at least one, more preferably at least one A plurality, the outlet openings of the feed and / or in the zone defined above at least 5, and / or at most 40 , in particular at most 30 , Additionally or alternatively, in one embodiment, the speed of the admixing fluid to at least one, in particular more, in one embodiment at least the majority, the outlet openings of the feed at least 100 m / s and / or at most 600 m / s. It has surprisingly been found that in this way in each case, in particular in combination, a particularly advantageous mixing can be realized.

$${\left(\mathrm{\Delta }\text{T}/{\text{T}}_{\text{m}}\right)}_{\left(\text{L/D}=5\right)}<\mathrm{0,002,}\text{ insbesondere }{\left(\mathrm{\Delta }\text{T}/{\text{T}}_{\text{m}}\right)}_{\left(\text{L/D=5}\right)}<\mathrm{0,005};$$

und/oder $${\left({\text{v}}_{\text{U}}/{\text{v}}_{\text{a}}\right)}_{\left(\text{L/D}=5\right)}<\mathrm{0,02,}\text{ insbesondere }{\left({\text{v}}_{\text{U}}/{\text{v}}_{\text{a}}\right)}_{\left(\text{L/D}=5\right)}<\mathrm{0,01.}$$

In one embodiment, at an upstream or downstream upstream of the feed, which is at least three times and / or at most seven times a geometric diameter of the flow channel prior to feeding, in particular immediately upstream or upstream, the feed is, in particular is the fivefold of the geometric diameter, the ratio or the quotient (Δp / p _m ) of a pressure deviation Δp from an averaged, in particular static, pressure p _m or divided by the averaged pressure of at most 0.2 percent, in particular at most 0 , 1 percent, and / or the ratio or quotient (ΔT / T _m ) of a temperature deviation .DELTA.T from an average temperature T _m to or divided by the average temperature not more than 1 percent, in particular at most 0.5 percent , and / or the ratio or quotient (v _U / v _a ) of a velocity in the circumferential direction about the flow channel Axis ("peripheral speed") v _U to one or divided by an axial velocity in the direction of the flow channel axis v _a at most 2 percent, in particular at most 1 percent: $${\left(\mathrm{\Delta }\text{p}/{\text{p}}_{\text{m}}\right)}_{\left(\text{L / D}=5\right)}<\mathrm{0,002,}\text{especially}{\left(\mathrm{\Delta }\text{p}/{\text{p}}_{\text{m}}\right)}_{\left(\text{L / D = 5}\right)}<0.001;\text{and or}$$

$${\left(\mathrm{\Delta }\text{T}/{\text{T}}_{\text{m}}\right)}_{\left(\text{L / D}=5\right)}<\mathrm{0,002,}\text{especially}{\left(\mathrm{\Delta }\text{T}/{\text{T}}_{\text{m}}\right)}_{\left(\text{L / D = 5}\right)}<0.005;$$

and or $${\left({\text{v}}_{\text{U}}/{\text{v}}_{\text{a}}\right)}_{\left(\text{L / D}=5\right)}<\mathrm{0.02,}\text{especially}{\left({\text{v}}_{\text{U}}/{\text{v}}_{\text{a}}\right)}_{\left(\text{L / D}=5\right)}<\mathrm{0.01.}$$

It has surprisingly been found that in each case, in particular in combination of two or more of these features, a particularly advantageous mixing can be realized.

A method according to the invention or a mixer according to the invention is used with particular advantage in the operation and / or testing of gas turbine components, in particular aircraft engine components. In one embodiment, by a temperature control of intake air by means of admixing appropriately tempered air to the main fluid flow, aero- or performance measurements at different gaps in the component can be carried out simply and / or rapidly, in particular without long intake procedures. Additionally or alternatively, in one embodiment, despite variable or even at variable ambient temperatures map measurements can be performed at a constant inlet temperature. In addition, a harmonized temperature distribution or better mixing of the main fluid flow and admixing fluid in the operation or test of gas turbine engine components, in particular aircraft engine components, in one embodiment can improve a guide screen adjustment.

Accordingly, in one embodiment, a component of a gas turbine, in particular of an aircraft engine, is acted upon by the main fluid flow and the admixing fluid admixed therewith or, respectively, this mixer is or is set up or used accordingly.

In one embodiment, the internal pressure in the feed, which drives the outflow of the admixing fluid through the outflow openings into the flow channel or main fluid flow, is supplied by a pressurized feed of the admixing fluid flow to be admixed, in particular via a single- or multi-channel feed line to the feed line Pressurization of the admixing fluid to be admixed and / or of a pressure reservoir to be admixed with admixing fluid causes or is or is the mixer established or used for this purpose or respectively.

• 1 einen Mischer nach einer Ausführung der vorliegenden Erfindung;
• 2 einen Mischer nach einer weiteren Ausführung der vorliegenden Erfindung;
• 3,5 einen Mischer nach einer weiteren Ausführung der vorliegenden Erfindung; und
• 4 einen Mischer nach einer weiteren Ausführung der vorliegenden Erfindung.

Further advantageous developments of the present invention will become apparent from the dependent claims and the following description of preferred embodiments. This shows, partially schematized:

• 1 a mixer according to an embodiment of the present invention;
• 2 a mixer according to another embodiment of the present invention;
• 3 . 5 a mixer according to another embodiment of the present invention; and
• 4 a mixer according to another embodiment of the present invention.

1 shows in a meridian section along a flow channel axis A a mixer according to an embodiment of the present invention in the static mixing of a main fluid stream 1 with an external pressure p _a and a mixing fluid 2 by pressurizing with an internal pressure p _i is fed into a (r) feed, the purpose of this with a supply line 4 communicated.

The mixer has a flow channel 10 for guiding the main fluid flow 1 on, the feeder one in the flow channel 10 arranged dome 30 with outlet openings 20 for supplying the admixing fluid 2 to the main fluid stream 1 ,

The outlet openings 20 are, as in 1 schematized indicated on at least three concentric circles on the calotte 30 arranged, with the outlet openings 20 are equidistantly distributed on the respective circle over its circumference so that at least three of the outlet openings 20 in a vertical distribution direction in the figures x (see. 3 ) transverse to the horizontal flow channel axis in the figures A and at least 16 the outlet openings 20 are spaced apart in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the figures, the second distribution direction transverse to the flow channel axis.

The flow channel 10 is in a zone adjoining the supply downstream M whose axial length L five times a geometric diameter D of the flow channel 10 before feeding amounts, swirl production installation free.

The outlet openings 20 are on a main fluid upstream side of the dome 30 arranged.

With the mixed main fluid stream 1 and the admixed or admixed admixed fluid 2 becomes a component for testing purposes 100 an aircraft engine gas turbine applied.

2 shows in 1 Accordingly, a mixer according to a further embodiment of the present invention in the static mixing or during the application of a component 100 an aircraft engine gas turbine with a main fluid flow 1 and an admixed or admixed admixed fluid 2 , Corresponding features are designated by identical reference numerals, so that reference is made to the above description and will be discussed below only differences.

In the execution of 2 indicates the feeder instead of the dome 30 a plurality of axially spaced annular channels 31 on, on the main fluid upstream side (left in the figures), the outlet openings 20 are arranged so that at least three of the outlet openings 20 in the vertical distribution direction x in the figures (cf. 3 ) transversely to the flow channel axis horizontal in the figures and at least 16 the outlet openings 20 are spaced apart in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the figures, the second distribution direction transverse to the flow channel axis.

3 . 5 show in 1 Accordingly, a mixer according to a further embodiment of the present invention in the static mixing or during the application of a component 100 an aircraft engine gas turbine with a main fluid flow 1 and an admixed or admixed admixed fluid 2 , Corresponding features are designated by identical reference numerals, so that reference is made to the above description and will be discussed below only differences.

In the execution of 3 . 5 indicates the feeder instead of the dome 30 or ring channels 31 another geometry 32 on, on the Hauptsfluidstromabwärtiger side (right in the figures), the outlet openings 20 are arranged so that at least three of the outlet openings 20 in the vertical distribution direction x in the figures (cf. 3 ) transversely to the flow channel axis horizontal in the figures and at least 16 the outlet openings 20 are spaced apart in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the figures, the second distribution direction transverse to the flow channel axis.

4 shows in the other Fig. Correspondingly, a mixer according to a further embodiment of the present invention in the static mixing or when applying a component 100 an aircraft engine gas turbine with a main fluid flow 1 and an admixed or admixed admixed fluid 2 , Corresponding features are designated by identical reference numerals, so that reference is made to the above description and will be discussed below only differences.

In the execution of 4 the supply has a plurality of injection probes distributed over the inner circumference of the flow channel 33 on, on their main fluid flow upstream and downstream side, the outlet openings 20 are arranged so that at least three of the outlet openings 20 in the vertical distribution direction in the figures x (see. 3 ) transversely to the flow channel axis horizontal in the figures and at least 16 the outlet openings 20 are spaced apart in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the figures, the second distribution direction transverse to the flow channel axis.

Although exemplary embodiments have been explained in the foregoing description, it should be understood that a variety of modifications are possible. It should also be noted that the exemplary embodiments are merely examples that are not intended to limit the scope, applications and construction in any way. Rather, the expert is given by the preceding description, a guide for the implementation of at least one exemplary embodiment, with various changes, in particular with regard to the function and arrangement of the components described, can be made without departing from the scope, as it turns out according to the claims and these equivalent combinations of features.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Main fluid flow

2

Zumischfluid

4

supply

10

flow channel

20

outlet opening

30-33

feed

100

Aeroengine gas turbine component

A

Flow channel axis

D

geometric diameter

L

axial length

M

Zone

p _i

internal pressure

p _a

external pressure

Claims (10)

Mixer for static mixing of a main fluid flow (1) and a mixing fluid (2), comprising a flow channel (10) for guiding the main fluid flow and a supply (30-33) with outlet openings (20) arranged in the flow channel for supplying the admixing fluid, at least three the outlet openings in a first distribution direction (x) transversely to the flow channel axis (A) and at least 10 of the outlet openings in a second distribution direction about a flow channel axis (A) are spaced from each other. Mixer according to the preceding claim, characterized in that at least one inner portion of the flow channel in a supply downstream or upstream zone (M) whose length (L) at least three times a geometric diameter (D) of the flow channel before feeding is, swirl production installation is free. Mixer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one, in particular at least the plurality, of the outlet openings is arranged on a main fluid flow upstream or downstream side of the feed. Mixer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the supply comprises at least one cap (30), at least 16 Einblassonden (33) and / or at least one annular channel (31) with at least three of the outlet openings (20). Mixer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an inner wall of the flow channel in a downstream of the supply downstream or upstream zone (M) whose length (L) at least three times a geometric diameter (D) of the flow channel before the supply is, converges, diverges or is parallel to the flow channel axis. Method for the static mixing of a main fluid flow and a mixing fluid by means of a mixer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the admixing fluid (2) is supplied to the main fluid flow (1) via the outlet openings (20). Method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the ratio of an internal pressure (p _i ) in the feed to an external pressure (p _a ) at a feed (20) is smaller than [2 / (γ + 1)] ^{[γ / (γ-1)]} . Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ratio of the main fluid flow (1) to the supplied mass flow of the admixing fluid (2) is greater than 1 and / or the ratio of the speed of the admixing fluid to the speed of the main fluid flow at at least one of the outlet openings ( 20) and / or in a zone downstream of the feed zone (M) whose length (L) is at least three times a geometric diameter (D) of the flow channel prior to feeding is at least 5 and / or at most 40 and / or the speed of the admixing fluid at at least one of the outlet openings is at least 100 m / s and / or at most 600 m / s. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at a distance downstream of the feed, which is at least three times and / or at most seven times a geometric diameter of the flow channel before the feed, the ratio of a pressure deviation from an average pressure to the averaged Pressure is at most 0.2 percent and / or the ratio of a temperature deviation from an averaged temperature to the averaged temperature is at most 1 percent and / or the ratio of circumferential to axial velocity is at most 2 percent. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mixed main fluid flow and admixing fluid, a component (100) of a gas turbine, in particular an aircraft engine, is acted upon.

Images