DE102017215676A1 - coating process - Google Patents

Abstract

Coating method, in particular galvanizing method, comprising the steps of: providing a component, applying a material to the component, baking the material to form a layer on the component, removing excess material.

Description

The present invention relates to a coating method, in particular a galvanizing method, as well as a component.

In galvanizing, for example, a steel component is provided with a thin layer of zinc to protect it from corrosion. From the state of the art a variety of galvanizing methods are known, for example, the hot-dip galvanizing, spray-galvanizing, sheradizing, galvanic galvanizing, mechanical galvanizing or galvanizing with zinc fins. However, the processes mentioned are often very complicated in terms of process engineering and / or lead to relatively thick zinc layers, which make the coated components significantly heavier. Especially in the field of mobile applications, such as in vehicle construction, this is particularly disadvantageous.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to specify a method for coating, in particular a galvanizing method, as well as a component, which are inexpensive to implement and thereby require only a minimal increase in weight.

This object is achieved by a method according to claim 1 and by a component according to claim 10. Further advantages and features will become apparent from the dependent claims and the description and the accompanying figures.

• - Bereitstellen eines Bauteils;
• - Aufbringen eines Materials auf das Bauteil;
• - Einbrennen des Materials, insbesondere in einen Werkstoff des Bateils, zum Erzeugen einer Schicht;
• - Entfernen von überschüssigem Material.

Mit Vorteil erfolgt zunächst das Aufbringen des Materials und in einem separaten Schritt, nach dem Aufbringen, das Einbrennen. Bevorzugt wird das Verfahren so geführt, dass das Material, welches keinen direkten Kontakt mit dem Bauteil hat bzw. nicht an der Schichtbildung teilnimmt, wieder entfernt wird, wodurch vorteilhafterweise sehr dünne Beschichtungsdicken realisiert werden können.According to the invention, a coating method, in particular a galvanizing method, comprises the steps:

• - Providing a component;
• - Applying a material to the component;
• - Burning the material, in particular in a material of the Bateils, for producing a layer;
• - Remove excess material.

Advantageously, the application of the material takes place first and in a separate step, after the application, the baking. Preferably, the method is performed so that the material which has no direct contact with the component or does not participate in the film formation, is removed again, whereby advantageously very thin coating thicknesses can be realized.

According to a preferred embodiment, the material is zinc or the material comprises zinc. It is preferably a galvanizing process. The component is in particular a component made of iron and / or steel.

Preferably, the material used to form the layer, in other words, the coating material, solvent. This ensures that the material is not connected to each other. Instead, only a connection of the material with the component to be coated or with its material should take place, this being done by the temperature entry, in particular by diffusion. The material which has not diffused in is therefore expediently removable after firing, as a result of which extremely thin coatings, in particular zinc layers, can be produced. Preferred solvents include, for example, heavy aromatic hydrocarbons, for example, solvent naphtha, acetone and / or xylene.

• - Aufbringen des Materials, insbesondere des Zinks, durch Sprühen. Bevorzugt erfolgt das Aufbringen mittels eines Zinksprays. Ein derartiges Verfahren eignet sich insbesondere zum Beschichten bzw. Verzinken kleinerer bzw. weniger Bauteile. Durch das Sprühen können mit Vorteil die unterschiedlichsten Bauteilgeometrien beschichtet bzw. verzinkt werden. Mit Vorteil ist das Aufbringen durch Sprühen aber genauso für die Großserienproduktion geeignet.

According to one embodiment, the method comprises the step:

• - Applying the material, in particular the zinc, by spraying. Preferably, the application is carried out by means of a zinc spray. Such a method is particularly suitable for coating or galvanizing smaller or fewer components. By spraying the most different component geometries can be coated or galvanized with advantage. Advantageously, the application by spraying but also suitable for mass production.

• - Einbrennen mit einem Bunsenbrenner.

Mit Vorteil kann dadurch, nämlich aufgrund der sehr hohen Temperaturen von bis zu 1.200 °C, das Einbrennen sehr kurz gehalten werden, wodurch wiederum erreicht wird, dass nur die Material- bzw. Zinkschichten, die unmittelbar mit dem Bauteil bzw. mit dem Werkstoff des Bauteils in Kontakt sind, die spätere Beschichtung bilden. Entsprechend kann das überschüssige Material mit Vorteil abgewaschen werden.Preferably, the method comprises the step:

• - Burn in with a Bunsen burner.

Advantageously, this can be kept very short, namely due to the very high temperatures of up to 1200 ° C, the burn-in, which in turn ensures that only the material or zinc layers, directly with the component or with the material of Component in contact, forming the subsequent coating. Accordingly, the excess material can be washed off with advantage.

• - Erhitzen des Materials zum Einbrennen auf zumindest 1.000 °C.

Es hat sich als vorteilhaft erwiesen, das Material auf zumindest 1.000 °C zu erwärmen, wodurch die bereits angesprochene kurze Einbrenndauer realisiert werden kann, welche dazu führt, dass nur das unmittelbar am Bauteil anliegende Material bzw. Zink eindiffundiert.Advantageously, the method comprises the step:

• - Heating the material for firing to at least 1,000 ° C.

It has proved to be advantageous to heat the material to at least 1000 ° C, whereby the already mentioned short burn-in can be realized, which leads to the fact that only the directly adjacent to the component material or zinc diffuses.

• - Aufbringen der Temperatur über einen Zeitraum von weniger als 10 Sekunden.

Diese Zeitspanne hat sich als ausreichend erwiesen, die Beschichtung zu erzeugen. Durch die Kürze eignet sich das Verfahren insbesondere auch für die (Groß-)Serienfertigung, da sehr kurze Taktzeiten realisierbar sind. Dabei kann das Einbrennen bzw. der Temperatureintrag abschnittsweise erfolgen. Das Material muss also nicht auf einmal, mit anderen Worten „vollflächig“, eingebrannt werden, sondern das Bauteil kann beispielsweise mit dem Bunsenbrenner bzw. allgemein mit einem Mittel zum Temperatureintrag „abgefahren“ werden. Alternativ kann der Temperatureintrag aber auch vollflächig erfolgen, z. B. in einem geeigneten (Durchlauf-)Ofen.According to a preferred embodiment, the method comprises the step:

• - Apply the temperature for a period of less than 10 seconds.

This period of time has proven to be sufficient to produce the coating. Due to the brevity, the method is particularly suitable for (large) series production, since very short cycle times can be realized. In this case, the baking or the temperature entry can be made in sections. The material therefore does not have to be burnt in at one go, in other words "over the entire surface", but rather the component can be "worn away" with the Bunsen burner or generally with a means for introducing temperature. Alternatively, the temperature entry but also take place over the entire area, for. B. in a suitable (continuous) oven.

According to a preferred embodiment, the material is at least dried before heating. Alternatively, the material may also be completely dried. It has been found that this later leads in particular to optically very beautiful and smooth surfaces.

• - Entfernen durch Abwaschen.

Insbesondere durch diesen Verfahrensschritt kann eine minimale Schichtdicke von weniger als 10 µm erreicht werden, was zu keiner nennenswerten Gewichtszunahme am Bauteil führt und besonders für mobile Anwendungen, wie beispielsweise den Fahrzeugbau, sehr interessant ist.According to a preferred embodiment, the method comprises the step:

• - Remove by washing.

In particular, by this method step, a minimum layer thickness of less than 10 microns can be achieved, resulting in no significant increase in weight on the component and is particularly interesting for mobile applications, such as vehicle construction.

Preferably, before applying the material or the zinc to the component, a cleaning of the component, for example with a cleaning agent, which is designed in particular to enable degreasing and which comprises according to one embodiment, hydrocarbons. These include low-boiling aliphatics or higher-boiling hydrocarbon mixtures, which also include aromatics such as benzene, toluene or xylenes. For example, commercially available brake cleaners can be used to carry out the process in the area of smaller quantities.

The method has the advantage that it is suitable for both large industrial applications as well as for small series or repair work, which are performed for example by hand.

According to one embodiment, the coating method is designed as a continuous process, wherein in a first step, the washing or the components in a continuous process, in a second step, the application of the (coating) material, such as zinc, on the one or more components, in particular a robotic line, in a third step, the burn-in, for example in a continuous furnace, and in a fourth step, a new washing to remove the excess material or the excess zinc.

As already indicated, the process is suitable not only for galvanizing, but also for coating with other materials which have a lower melting point than, for example, iron, such as gold, silver, copper, lead, tin or magnesium. Conveniently, the coating material is thus also alternatively one of the abovementioned materials or a mixture thereof.

The invention is further directed to a component comprising a layer produced by a method according to the invention, wherein the layer has a thickness of <10 μm.

According to a preferred embodiment, a material of the component is steel or iron, wherein the layer is a zinc layer.

Preferably, the component is a structural or chassis component of a motor vehicle, in particular a passenger car, a motorcycle or a truck.

Further advantages and features will become apparent from the following description of an embodiment of a component and a method with reference to the accompanying figures.

• 1: eine Schnittansicht eines Bauteils zum Verdeutlichen der Schichtdicke;
• 2: ein Ablaufschema einer Ausführungsform des Verfahrens.

Show it:

• 1 a sectional view of a component for clarifying the layer thickness;
• 2 : A flow chart of an embodiment of the method.

1 shows a component 10 comprising a layer 12 , In particular, the layer is 12 around a zinc layer. With the reference number d is called an entire component thickness. The reference number d12 denotes a thickness of the zinc layer, which is advantageously <10 microns.

2 shows an embodiment of the coating process, designed as a continuous process. In step S1 a washing in a continuous process, in step S2 an application of a material, in particular a coating material, in particular by spraying or painting, in particular in a robot line, in the step S3 a burn-in of the applied material, preferably or in particular in a continuous furnace, and in the step S4 a removal, in particular a washing, of the excess material, that is the material which has not participated in the coating.

Advantageously, in such a method, a component can be realized with an extremely robust and resistant zinc layer, which is also extremely thin, resulting in only a slight increase in weight. The component properties are positively influenced, not only in terms of corrosion resistance, but also in terms of strength, rigidity, hardness, which are consistently higher in such a coated component. In addition, the paintability improves.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

10

component

12

(Zinc) layer

d

thickness

d12

Thickness of the layer

S1

Washing in a continuous process

S2

Spraying in robotic street

S3

Burning in a continuous process

S2

Washing (continuous process)

Claims (11)

Coating method, in particular galvanizing method, comprising the steps: - Providing a component (10); - Applying a material to the component (10); - baking the material to form a layer (12) on the component (10); - Remove excess material. Coating process according to Claim 1 wherein the material comprises zinc. Coating process according to Claim 1 or 2 wherein the material comprises solvent. Coating method according to one of the preceding claims, comprising the step: - Apply the material by spraying. Coating method according to one of the preceding claims, comprising the step: - Burn in with a Bunsen burner. Coating method according to one of the preceding claims, comprising the step: - Heating the material for firing to at least 1000 ° C. Coating method according to one of the preceding claims, comprising the step: - applying the temperature for a period of less than 10 seconds. Coating method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the material is at least dried before heating. Coating method according to one of the preceding claims, comprising the step: - Remove by washing. Component (10), comprising a layer (12), manufactured by a method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the layer (12) has a thickness of less than 10 microns. Component (10) after Claim 10 wherein a material of the component (10) is steel or iron, and wherein the layer (12) is a zinc layer.

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