DE102017211504A1 - Electrochemical energy storage, manufacturing process, energy storage module and vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an electrochemical energy store, a corresponding manufacturing method and a vehicle having such an energy store. The electrochemical energy storage device has a negative electrode and a positive electrode arranged such that a gap is formed between the negative electrode and the positive electrode. Further, the energy storage device has an electrolyte and a separator disposed in a space between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. In addition, the electrochemical energy store has at least one adhesive layer which is in contact with the separator and the positive electrode and / or the separator and the negative electrode, in particular flat, and a gecko-inspired synthetic adhesive for connecting the separator to the positive electrode and / or the separator having the negative electrode.

Description

The invention relates to an electrochemical energy store, in particular a lithium-ion cell, a corresponding manufacturing method for such an electrochemical energy store, an energy storage module with at least two such electrochemical energy storage and a vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle, with such an electrochemical energy store.

The storage of electrical energy plays a major role in particular in the context of the so-called. Electromobility. In the manufacturing process of electrochemical energy storage devices installed in vehicles, at least two electrodes and at least one separator are brought together by winding or stacking (see Chapter 9, Handbook Lithium-Ion, Springer, 2013, Editor: R. Korthauer). In order to maintain positional tolerances in the positioning of the electrode layers and the separator layer relative to each other and to avoid creases or air pockets between these layers, additional adhesive, laminating or lamination layers are provided between these layers, so that the electrodes and the separator are permanently fixed relative to one another , Such a fixation is for example from the document EP 1 261 048 B1 known.

The adhesive or laminating layers used are generally based on binder systems which contain acrylates, cellulose, rubber, natural rubber, polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene (PVdF-HFP) or polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), whereby electrodes and separators can be firmly and permanently joined together. Optionally, the electrodes or separators may be coated with ceramic particles (eg with aluminum oxide).

From the document US 2015/0 207 167 A1 For example, a thin battery in which an electrolyte layer having a nonwoven layer adapted to receive an anhydrous electrolyte is interposed between a layered positive electrode and a layered negative electrode is known. The nonwoven layer includes a conjugated fiber having at least two types of macromolecules, the second macromolecule having a crosslinked structure allowing formation of a nonwoven layer having adhesion to the positive and negative electrodes.

It is an object of the invention to improve a connection, in particular an adhesion, between at least one electrode and a separator of an electrochemical energy store. It is a particular object of the invention to provide an adhesive layer between the at least one electrode and the separator, which does not affect the electrochemical processes in the electrochemical energy storage or at least not materially.

This object is achieved by an electrochemical energy store, in particular a lithium-ion cell, a corresponding manufacturing method for such an electrochemical energy store and a vehicle, in particular motor vehicle, with such an electrochemical energy store according to the independent claims.

A first aspect of the invention relates to an electrochemical energy storage, in particular a lithium-ion cell, which has a negative electrode and a positive electrode, which is arranged such that a gap between the negative electrode and the positive electrode is formed. In addition, the electrochemical energy store has an electrolyte and a separator which is arranged in the intermediate space between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. In addition, the electrochemical energy store has at least one adhesive layer, which is in contact with the separator and the positive electrode and / or the separator and the negative electrode, in particular flat, and a Gecko-inspired Synthetic Adhesive (GSA). for promoting the adhesion between the separator and the positive electrode and / or between the separator and the negative electrode.

The functional principle of a lithium-ion cell is based on the fact that lithium ions move back and forth between the electrodes (intercalation / deintercalation). The electrolyte used in this case generally consists of a liquid in which a lithium conducting salt (eg lithium hexa-fluorophosphate, LiPF ₆ ) is dissolved.

A second aspect of the invention relates to a method for producing an electrochemical energy store, in particular a lithium-ion cell, according to the first aspect of the invention, comprising the following steps: application of a Gecko-Inspired Synthetic Adhesive (GSA) a separator, a positive electrode, and / or a negative electrode to form an adhesive layer; Disposing the separator between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, wherein the adhesive layer additionally comes into contact with the positive electrode and / or the negative electrode and / or the separator; Applying a predetermined shear force with a component parallel to a plane defined by the adhesion layer on a stack, which at least the separator and the positive electrode or the separator and the negative Electrode, so that made by the gecko-inspired synthetic adhesive, a connection between the separator and the positive electrode and / or between the separator and the negative electrode, in particular, is activated; and filling the gap with an electrolyte.

A third aspect of the invention relates to an energy storage module which has at least two electrochemical energy stores, in particular lithium-ion cells, according to the first aspect of the invention.

A fourth aspect of the invention relates to a vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle, with an electrochemical energy store according to the first aspect of the invention.

The features and advantages described below in relation to the first aspect of the invention and its advantageous embodiment apply, where technically reasonable, also for the second and third aspects of the invention and its advantageous embodiment and vice versa.

A gecko-inspired synthetic adhesive (Gecko-Inspired Synthetic Adhesive) in the sense of the invention is understood to mean a coating which is preferably solvent-free or a film which is preferably solvent-free and which is suitable by an adhesion force to an interface layer or Surface of a component of the energy storage device, in particular an electrode or a separator to adhere. Preferably, the adhesion force is mediated physically, in particular without chemical compounds, between the gecko-inspired synthetic adhesive and the energy storage component. The adhesion force may preferably be formed from molecular interactions, in particular van der Waals forces, in the interface layer between the gecko-inspired synthetic adhesive and the energy storage component or at the surface of the energy storage component

In the context of the invention, a plane defined by an adhesion layer or below a plane which is defined by an adhesion layer is a plane which is formed by the adhesion layer or which extends through the adhesion layer. In particular, the plane defined by the adhesion layer may be formed by a surface of the adhesion layer which comes into contact with a component of the energy store, in particular an electrode or a separator. In this case, the plane defined by the adhesion layer preferably extends substantially parallel to a surface of the component or of the components of the energy accumulator arranged in parallel.

The invention is based in particular on the approach known from the nature known. "Gecko Effect", with which the adhesion of a gecko foot on various, especially smooth and / or wet or polluted, surfaces is referred to the compound, in particular Stabilization of the position or fixation, to use at least one electrode of an electrochemical energy storage with or relative to a separator of the energy storage. An adhesive layer comprising a gecko-inspired synthetic adhesive is preferably arranged between the separator and a positive electrode and / or between the separator and a negative electrode. Preferably, the adhesive layer contacts both the separator and the positive electrode and / or the negative electrode flat, so that a homogeneous adhesion between the separator and the positive electrode and / or the negative electrode is mediated or promoted. The gecko effect mediated by a synthetic adhesive is described, for example, in US Pat J. Lee et al., "Sliding induced adhesion of stiff polymer microfiber arrays. I Macroscale Behavior ", JR Soc. Interface 2008 5 835-844 . Schubert et al., "Sliding induced adhesion of stiff polymer microfiber arrays. II Microscale Behavior ", JR Soc. Interface 2008 5 845-853 or on the website http://robotics.eecs.berkeley.edu/%7Eronf/Gecko/index.html.

The adhesive layer may be arranged between a first contact surface of the separator and a contact surface of the negative electrode, which preferably faces the first contact surface of the separator. Alternatively or additionally, the or a further adhesive layer between a second contact surface of the separator and a contact surface of the positive electrode, which is preferably opposite to the second contact surface of the separator, may be arranged. Preferably, the contact surfaces are formed by surfaces of the negative electrode, the separator and the positive electrode, which are aligned substantially parallel to each other and / or face each other. As a result, the at least one adhesive layer or the gecko-inspired synthetic adhesive contained in it can contact the respective contact surfaces homogeneously and flatly, in particular connect them.

It is thus possible to produce a stack or winding of positive electrode, separator and negative electrode, in which no wrinkles or air pockets occur, so that local overpotentials, which result in a metallization of the electrodes with ions transferred in the energy store, avoided or at least significantly reduced.

Preferably, the adhesive layer, particularly the gecko-inspired synthetic adhesive, is permeable to an electrolyte by which ions are transferred between the electrodes. In particular, the adhesive layer prevents or reduces the interference of the movement of ions between the positive and negative electrodes.

The adhesive layer is preferably solvent-free or can be applied to the separator, the positive and / or negative electrode without solvent, so that the adhesive layer is chemically inert to the components of the energy store, in particular to the electrolyte and / or the transferred ions is.

Moreover, the adhesive layer can be easily applied to the separator and / or the electrodes without the need for expensive process steps involving the application of high pressures and / or temperatures to activate the adhesion. Likewise, when applying the adhesive layer to the separator and / or the electrodes, safety-critical solvents such as N-methyl 2 -pyrrolidone (NMP) are dispensed with. In addition, it is also possible to dispense with solvents which form hydrophilic adhesive layers, such as water, which necessitate drying of the adhesive layer prior to assembly, that is to say the joining together of the components of the energy store. As a result, the production of the energy storage is significantly simplified and safer.

It is advantageous to replace adhesive or laminating layers with adhesive layers having, in particular complete, physical adhesion, since conventional adhesive or laminating layers are used i.d.R. thicker than the gecko-inspired synthetic adhesive and thus the spec. Reduce energy and / or the energy density of the electrochemical energy storage.

Overall, the invention enables an improved electrochemical energy storage, which in particular can be easily and safely mounted and / or enables reliable operation. In particular, the durable adhesion imparted by the gecko-inspired synthetic adhesive allows for reduced cell internal resistance, increased current carrying capacity, and longer life.

This invention is not limited to automotive use; Rather, an inventive electrochemical energy storage or energy storage module can be used with at least two such electrochemical energy storage in applications such as smartphones, electric readers, power tools or stationary applications.

In a preferred embodiment, the gecko-inspired synthetic adhesive is adapted to bear a shear stress and / or a tensile load of at least 0.2 N / cm ² , preferably at least 1 N / cm ² , in particular at least 5 N / cm ² . In other words, the gecko-inspired synthetic adhesive is adapted to increase adhesion between the separator and the positive and / or negative electrode even at a shear load and / or a tensile load of the separator or the positive and / or negative electrode of at least 0.2 N / cm ² , preferably of at least 1 N / cm ² , in particular of at least 5 N / cm ² to promote or convey. This allows a particularly reliable adhesion.

In particular, a shear stress is a force parallel to a plane defined by the adhesion layer, in particular parallel to one or more contact surfaces of the negative electrode, positive electrode and / or separator, acting on the separator, the positive electrode and / or the negative electrode which causes a shear stress between the separator and the positive electrode and / or between the separator and the negative electrode.

Under a tensile load is in particular a perpendicular to the plane defined by the adhesive layer, in particular to the one or more contact surfaces of the negative electrode, positive electrode and / or the separator, extending force acting on the separator or the positive and / or negative electrode force understand, which causes a tensile stress between separator and positive and / or negative electrode.

In another preferred embodiment, the gecko-inspired synthetic adhesive is formed by at least one patterned microfiber field. Preferably, at least one end of microfibers of the microfiber field comes into contact with the separator, the positive electrode or the negative electrode.

By, in particular based on the gecko effect adhesion of microfibers, in particular of the ends of the microfibers, the microfiber field on the separator or the positive and / or negative electrode, the, in particular based on the gecko effect, adhesion between the separator and the positive and / or negative electrode can be generated reliably.

A structured microfiber field in the sense of the invention means a region in which microfibers, preferably also nanofibers, are arranged in a substantially structured manner. The structure of the microfibers may relate to the orientation of the microfibers relative to one another, the length of the microfibers relative to one another and / or the spatial arrangement of the microfibers, for example in the form of a pattern.

The structured microfiber field is preferably designed as a directional microfiber field, in which the microfibers have substantially the same length and / or are aligned substantially along a preferred direction. Thereby, the contacting of the separator or the positive and / or negative electrode is made possible by a plurality of microfibers, in particular ends of microfibers, of the microfiber field and thus a strong adhesion of the separator to the positive and / or negative electrode.

In a further preferred embodiment, the microfibers of the at least one structured microfiber field are arranged on a substrate. Preferably, in each case one end of the microfibers is connected to the substrate, in particular materially bonded. In addition, the substrate may connect the at least one structured microfiber field with the separator, the positive electrode and / or the negative electrode, in particular materially bonded. In this case, the substrate may serve as a bonding agent between the microfiber field and the separator, the positive and / or the negative electrode. As a result, the microfibers of the microfiber field can be reliably and permanently connected to the substrate or to the separator connected to the substrate, to the positive electrode connected to the substrate and / or to the negative electrode connected to the substrate, in particular in a materially bonded manner.

Preferably, the substrate and the microfibers of the microfiber field are made of the same material, in particular a plastic, such as a polymer. In particular, the substrate and the microfibers can be made in one piece.

Alternatively or additionally, the substrate may be formed by the separator, by the positive electrode and / or by the negative electrode.

In a further preferred embodiment, the microfibers of the at least one structured microfiber field are arranged or aligned substantially perpendicular to the substrate. "Substantially perpendicular to the substrate" in this sense is to be understood as alignment of the microfibers with respect to a surface normal of the plane defined by the adhesion layer, in particular a surface normal of the one or more contact surfaces of the negative electrode, the positive electrode and / or the separator the microfibers are preferably only slightly, in particular less than 10 °, preferably less than 5 °, in particular less than 2 °, tilted relative to the surface normal. As a result, pores can be formed particularly reliably between or through the microfibers, which can be penetrated by the electrolyte or the ions transferred by means of the electrolyte.

Alternatively, the microfibers are substantially at a predetermined angle, preferably 45 - 90 °, preferably 70 - 90 °, in particular 80 - 90 °, relative to the substrate, in particular the surface of the separator, the positive and / or the negative electrode, arranged or aligned. As a result, the ends of the microfibers located opposite the substrate can contact the positive electrode, the negative electrode and / or the separator particularly simply and reliably, in particular on a large support surface of the ends of the microfibers on the positive electrode, the negative electrode and / or the separator so that a gecko-effect based adhesion between the separator and the positive electrode and / or negative electrode is mediated.

In a further preferred embodiment, the microfibers of the at least one structured microfiber field are arranged substantially parallel to one another. As a result, it is possible for essentially all of the microfibers to contact the separator on the one hand and the positive electrode and / or the negative electrode on the other hand. Thus, the number of microfibers contacting the separator and the positive electrode and / or the negative electrode can be increased and a particularly reliable adhesion between the separator and the positive electrode and / or the negative electrode is made possible.

In a further preferred embodiment, the microfibers of the at least one structured microfiber field have a length between 5 and 50 μm, preferably between 10 and 40 μm, in particular between 15 and 25 μm. Preferably, a corresponding distance is thereby formed between the separator and the positive electrode and / or the negative electrode, in the region of which permeable pores form between the microfibers for ions of the ionizable material of the negative electrode. The length of the microfibers thereby enables a reliable adhesion of the ends of the microfibers to the separator, the positive electrode and / or the negative electrode, in particular by arranging the ends of the microfibers parallel to the respective surface, without the separator and the positive electrode and / or the negative electrode are arranged close to each other in such a way that the mobility of the ions of the ionizable material is impaired.

In a further preferred embodiment, the microfibers of the at least one structured microfiber field have a diameter between 50 and 5000 nm, preferably between 200 and 2500 nm, in particular between 400 and 800 nm. As a result, the microfibers on the one hand are thin enough to promote adhesion based on the gecko effect, in particular on physical adhesion forces, on the other hand thick enough to normal and shear forces occurring for separation of separator and positive electrode and / or negative electrode would resist.

In a further preferred embodiment, the at least one structured microfiber field 10 has ⁶ or more, preferably 500 × 10 ⁶ or more, in particular 10 ⁹ or more microfibers per cm ² . A corresponding microfiber surface density allows reliable adhesion between separator and positive electrode and / or negative electrode.

The at least one structured microfiber field preferably has a microfiber surface density with which it can bear a shearing load and / or a tensile load of at least 0.2 N / cm ² , preferably of at least 1 N / cm ² , in particular of at least 5 N / cm ² .

In another preferred embodiment, the microfibers of the at least one patterned microfiber array adhere to the separator, the positive electrode and / or the negative electrode by van der Waals forces. In other words, the adhesion between the separator and the positive electrode and / or the negative electrode is promoted, in particular effected, by van der Waals forces. As a result, the adhesion can be generated reliably and safely, in particular without complex process steps and / or chemicals hazardous to health having to be used.

In a further preferred embodiment, the at least one structured microfiber field is made of a polymer, in particular polyester (PET). Preferably, the at least one patterned microfiber array with polyester microfibers forms pores that allow for transfer of lithium ions between the positive and negative electrodes. Since polyester is chemically and electrochemically extremely inert, a structured microfiber field made of polypropylene is particularly suitable for use in an electrochemical energy store with a long service life. In addition, polyester microfibers have particularly good adhesion properties, which can promote adhesion between the separator and the positive electrode and / or the negative electrode without temperature and / or pressure-based activation. Alternatively, the microfibers may be made of polyimide, polyamide, polyaramide, cellulose, polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene, polyethylene, glass, or mixtures thereof.

In a further preferred embodiment, the separator and the positive electrode and / or the negative electrode are braced against each other in a plane parallel to a plane defined by the adhesion layer. This allows a particularly strong adhesion of the adhesive layer. Preferably, in each case a part of the microfibers of the structured microfiber field, in particular the ends of the microfibers, arranged substantially parallel to the surface of the separator, the positive electrode and / or the negative electrode, whereby a support surface of the microfibers on the separator, the positive electrode and or the negative electrode is made, is increased. For the purposes of the invention, the support surface is to be understood as the surface in which a microfiber or at least a part of a microfiber contacts the separator, the positive electrode and / or the negative electrode.

• 1 eine bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel eines elektrochemischen Energiespeichers;
• 2 eine erstes bevorzugte Ausführungsvariante einer Haftschicht;
• 3 eine zweite bevorzugte Ausführungsvariante einer Haftschicht; und
• 4 ein bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel eines Herstellungsverfahrens.

Other features, advantages and applications of the invention will become apparent from the following description of exemplary embodiments in conjunction with the figures, in which the same reference numerals for the same or corresponding elements of the invention are used throughout. At least partially schematically show:

• 1 a preferred embodiment of an electrochemical energy storage device;
• 2 a first preferred embodiment of an adhesive layer;
• 3 a second preferred embodiment of an adhesive layer; and
• 4 a preferred embodiment of a manufacturing process.

1 shows a preferred embodiment of an electrochemical energy storage 1 , in particular a lithium-ion cell, which is a negative electrode 2 , a positive electrode 3 and a separator 4 having, wherein the separator 4 each with an adhesive layer 5 with the positive and negative electrode 2 . 3 connected is. The energy storage 1 also has an electrolyte 6 on which the separator 4 and the adhesive layers 5 permeates and is therefore only hinted at.

The negative electrode 2 has an ionizable material, such as lithium, which, upon removal of energy from the energy storage 1 Ions split off. The electrolyte 6 is preferably adapted to transport the ions from the negative electrode 2 through the adhesive layers 5 and the separator 4 to the positive electrode 3 to allow where a chemical reaction of the ions is promoted, within which the ions in the region of the positive electrode 3 be bound.

When energy is supplied, the chemical reaction at the positive electrode reverses 3 around, leaving the ions at the positive electrode 3 released again and through the separator 4 to the negative electrode 3 can be transferred.

The negative electrode 2 , the separator 4 and the negative electrode 3 are preferably arranged side by side such that between each one of the adhesive layers 5 can be arranged. The adhesive layers preferably each contact a contact surface 2a the negative electrode 2 and a first contact surface 4a of the separator 4 or a contact surface 3a the positive electrode 3 and a second contact surface 4a of the separator 4 , Preferably, the contact surfaces 2a . 3a . 4a . 4b of surfaces of the negative electrode 2 , the separator 4 and the positive electrode 3 formed, which are aligned substantially parallel to each other and / or face each other.

The adhesive layers 5 are adapted to adhesion of the negative electrode 2 or the positive electrode 3 on the separator 4 to promote. These include the adhesive layers 5 a gecko-inspired synthetic adhesive, which is preferably adapted to adhesion between the contact surfaces 2a . 4a the negative electrode 2 and the separator 4 or between the contact surfaces 3a . 4b the positive electrode 3 and the separator 4 using the so-called "gecko effect" to convey.

2 shows a first preferred embodiment of an adhesive layer 5 , which is a structured microfiber field 6 out on a substrate 7 essentially regularly arranged microfibers 6a having.

The substrate 7 is preferably arranged with a component 2 . 3 . 4 an energy store 1 connected, in particular on a contact surface 2a . 3a . 4a . 4b one of the components 2 . 3 . 4 of the energy store 1 get applied, so that the microfibers 6a of the structured microfiber field 6 each one of the other components 2 . 3 . 4 , in particular an opposite contact surface 2a . 3a . 4a . 4b , can contact.

In this case, preferably the ends occur 6a ' the microfibers 6a with the respective opposite contact surface 2a . 3a . 4a . 4b in contact and adhere to this by physical adhesion, ie without a chemical compound with atoms or molecules of the respective contact surface 2a . 3a . 4a . 4b to enter, for example by Van der Waals forces.

The individual microfibers 6a have a length L preferably between 5 and 50 μm, more preferably between 10 and 40 μm, in particular between 15 and 30 μm and a diameter d preferably between 50 and 5000 nm, more preferably between 200 and 2500 nm, especially between 400 and 800 nm, up. This is the microfibers 6a long enough to contact each surface 2a . 3a . 4a . 4b thin enough to provide a physical adhesion mediated non-chemical bond with the respective contact surface 2a . 3a . 4a . 4b enter into. At the same time are the microfibers 6a short enough, by means of the structured microfiber field 6 interconnected components 2 . 3 . 4 of the energy store 1 relative to each other to fix and thick enough to even in the manufacturing process or in the operation of the energy storage 1 not to break up occurring loads.

In 3 is a second preferred embodiment of an adhesive layer 5 from a structured microfiber field 6 shown. In this embodiment, the substrate becomes 7 through the separator 4 , in particular its contact surface 4a formed, such as by the microfibers 6a of the microfiber field 6 as part of a manufacturing process on the separator 4 be applied.

The separator 4 is about the microfibers 6a with the negative electrode 2 , in particular their contact surface 2a , connected.

Here are the negative electrode 2 and the separator 4 preferably braced against each other, for example by a shearing force F on the separator 4 applied or applied as part of a manufacturing process. Essentially every single microfiber 6a or at least part of the microfiber 6a is therefore not perpendicular to the contact surfaces 2a . 4a but is at an angle α opposite to a direction perpendicular to the contact surfaces 2a . 4a , in particular a surface normal of the contact surfaces 2a . 4a , tilted. Parts of the microfiber 6a , especially the ends 6a ' the microfiber 6a , can be along the contact surfaces 2a . 4a , in particular substantially parallel to align. This may cause the contact surface of the microfibers 6a on the contact surfaces 2a . 4a in such a way that the physical adhesion, which is preferably proportional to the contact surface, is between microfibers 6a and separator 4 or negative electrode 2 becomes particularly strong.

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that this embodiment also applies to the connection between separator 4 and positive electrode 3 can be transferred. In addition, instead of the separator 4 also the negative electrode 2 or the positive electrode 3 the substrate 7 form.

In 4 is a preferred embodiment of a manufacturing process 100 for an electrochemical energy storage 1 shown.

In a first manufacturing step S1 is doing at least one adhesive layer 5 on a separator 4 of the energy store 1 applied, which is adapted to the separator 4 with a negative electrode 2 or a positive electrode 3 connect to. The adhesive layer 5 contains a gecko-inspired synthetic adhesive, which provides adhesion between the separator 4 and the negative electrode 2 or the positive electrode 3 can convey.

In a second manufacturing step S2 become the components of the energy store 1 . d .H. the positive electrode 2 , the negative electrode 3 and the separator 4 brought together in such a way that the at least one adhesive layer 5 between two of the components, in particular between the positive electrode 2 and the separator 4 and / or between the negative electrode 3 and the separator 4 is arranged, and contacted this area. This is the separator 4 arranged in a gap that of the positive electrode 2 and the negative electrode 3 is formed.

In a third production step S3 becomes a force on at least one of the components of the energy store 1 , in particular to the separator 4 exerted in a direction which is in a plane of a contact surface 2a . 3a . 4a . 4b the at least one component along which the adhesive layer 5 is located. Preferably, the force is applied in such a way that the adhesive of the adhesive layer 5 For example, the microfibers a structured microfiber field, the adhesion between the adhesive layer 5 and promote the components in contact with it or between the components themselves.

In a fourth production step S4 an electrolyte gets into the from the negative electrode 2 and the positive electrode 3 filled intermediate space.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

electrochemical energy storage

2

negative electrode

2a

Contact surface of the negative electrode

3

positive electrode

3a

Contact surface of the positive electrode

4

separator

4a, 4b

first, second contact surface of the separator

5

adhesive layer

6

structured microfiber field

6a

microfiber

6a '

Ender the microfiber

7

substratum

8th

electrolyte

100

production method

S1 - S4

manufacturing steps

L

Length of the microfibers

d

Diameter of the microfibers

α

Angle of the microfibers

F

shear

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• EP 1261048 B1 [0002]
• US 2015/0207167 A1 [0004]

Cited non-patent literature

• J. Lee et al., "Sliding induced adhesion of stiff polymer microfiber arrays. I Macroscale Behavior ", J. R. Soc. Interface 2008 5 835-844 [0015]
• Schubert et al., "Sliding induced adhesion of stiff polymer microfiber arrays. II Microscale behavior ", J. R. Soc. Interface 2008 5 845-853 [0015]

Claims (15)

Electrochemical energy store (1), in particular lithium-ion cell, comprising: a negative electrode (2); a positive electrode (3); an electrolyte (8); a separator (4) disposed in a space between the positive electrode (3) and the negative electrode (2) and adapted to be penetrated by the electrolyte (8); and at least one adhesive layer (5) which is in contact with the separator (4) and the positive electrode (3) and / or with the separator (4) and the negative electrode (2) and a gecko-inspired synthetic adhesive (Gecko -Inspired Synthetic Adhesive) for connecting the separator (4) with the positive electrode (3) and / or the separator (4) with the negative electrode (2). Electrochemical energy storage (1) after Claim 1 wherein the gecko-inspired synthetic adhesive is adapted to bear a shearing load and / or a tensile load of at least 0.2 N / cm ² , preferably of at least 1 N / cm ² , in particular of at least 5 N / cm ² . Electrochemical energy storage (1) after Claim 1 or 2 wherein the gecko-inspired synthetic adhesive is formed by at least one patterned microfiber field (6). Electrochemical energy storage (1) after Claim 3 , wherein the microfibers (6a) of the at least one structured microfiber field (6) are arranged on a substrate (7). Electrochemical energy storage (1) after Claim 4 , wherein the microfibers (6a) of the at least one structured microfiber field (6) are arranged substantially perpendicular to the substrate (7). Electrochemical energy store (1) according to one of Claims 3 to 5 , wherein the microfibers (6a) of the at least one structured microfiber field (6) are arranged substantially parallel to each other. Electrochemical energy store (1) according to one of Claims 3 to 6 , wherein the microfibers (6a) of the at least one structured microfiber field (6) have a length (L) of between 5 and 50 μm, preferably between 10 and 40 μm, in particular between 15 and 30 μm. Electrochemical energy store (1) according to one of Claims 3 to 7 , wherein the microfibers (6a) of the at least one structured microfiber field (6) have a diameter (d) between 50 and 5000 nm, preferably between 200 and 2500 nm, in particular between 400 and 800 nm. Electrochemical energy store (1) according to one of Claims 3 to 8th , wherein the at least one structured microfiber field (6) has 10 ⁶ or more, preferably 500 × 10 ⁶ or more, in particular 10 ⁹ or more microfibers (6a) per cm ² . Electrochemical energy store (1) according to one of Claims 3 to 9 in that the microfibers (6a) of the at least one structured microfiber field (6) adhere to the separator (4), to the positive electrode (3) and / or to the negative electrode (2) by van der Waals forces. Electrochemical energy store (1) according to one of Claims 3 to 10 in which the at least one structured microfiber field (6) is made of a polymer, in particular of polyimide, polyamide, polyaramide, cellulose, polyethylene naphthalate, polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, polyethylene, glass or mixtures thereof. Electrochemical energy store (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the separator (4) and the positive electrode (3) and / or the separator (4) and the negative electrode (2) in a plane defined by the adhesive layer (5) against each other are tense. Method for producing (100) an electrochemical energy store (1), in particular a lithium-ion cell, according to one of the preceding claims, comprising the following steps: Applying a Gecko-Inspired Synthetic Adhesive to a separator (4), a positive electrode (3) and / or a negative electrode (2) to form an adhesive layer (5); Arranging the separator (4) between the positive electrode (3) and the negative electrode (2), wherein the adhesive layer (5) additionally with the positive electrode (3) and / or the negative electrode (2) and / or the separator (4) comes into contact; Applying a predetermined shearing force (F) with a component parallel to a plane defined by the adhesive layer (5) onto a stack comprising at least the separator (4) and the positive electrode (3) or the separator (4) and the negative electrode (2), such that a connection between the separator (4) and the positive electrode (3) and / or between the separator (4) and the negative electrode (2) is produced, in particular activated, by the gecko-inspired synthetic adhesive, becomes; and Filling the gap with an electrolyte (8). Energy storage module, which has at least two electrochemical energy stores (1), in particular lithium-ion cells, according to one of Claims 1 - 12 having. Vehicle, in particular motor vehicle, comprising an electrochemical energy store (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 12 ,

Images