DE102017210639A1 - Composite component, method for producing the same and its use - Google Patents

Abstract

A composite component comprising a first component (10) made of a fiber-reinforced or grid-reinforced thermoplastic composite material and a second component (20) is described, wherein the first component (10) has a first joining surface (12), and the second component (20) a second joining surface (22), and wherein the first component (10) and the second component (20) are interconnected via the first and second joining surfaces (12, 22), the second joining surface (22) having surface projections (26, 26a - 26g) which engage the fiber or lattice reinforced thermoplastic composite material and penetrate the fiber or mesh reinforcement (16a - 16g) of the fiber or lattice reinforced composite material.

Description

The present invention relates to a composite component, a method for producing the same and its use according to the preamble of the independent claims.

State of the art

For a technical joining of metals with, for example, fiber-reinforced plastics (FRP), in particular continuous fiber-reinforced plastics, different solutions exist in the prior art which are used in practice. Such continuous fiber reinforced plastics include, for example, so-called organo sheets, which are thermoplastics endlessly reinforced with glass fibers.

Thus, a technical joining of metals with fiber-reinforced plastics can be ensured, for example, by adhesive techniques. Correspondingly designed adhesives show a very good adhesion both on metallic surfaces and on plastic surfaces. However, when a force is introduced into such a joint connection there is the risk that at high forces a delamination of the polymer matrix of the fiber-reinforced plastic takes place from the uppermost fiber layer and thus the high load-bearing capacity of such a fiber reinforcement does not come into effect. To avoid the problem of possible delamination, mechanical joining technologies are often used. Here, for example, rivets or screws are used. These provide a good fit or form fit, however, the fiber layers of the fiber-reinforced plastic can be damaged. Furthermore, forces are selectively transferred to the fiber-reinforced plastic and this can lead to cracks or delaminations in the fiber-reinforced plastic.

This problem is partially solved by introducing so-called inserts into the fiber-reinforced plastic components already in the production of a corresponding fiber-reinforced plastic, ie metallic elements which serve for later attachment of the fiber-reinforced plastic to an optionally metallic component. Subsequently, the inserts can in turn then be connected to a screw or other fastening means and so the connection to an optionally metallic further component can be ensured. Hybrid methods are also known from the prior art, in which both an adhesive connection and a mechanical joining of a component with a fiber-reinforced plastic is provided.

From the prior art is further from the DE 10 2013 001 943 A1 a composite assembly is known which comprises an organic sheet and a metallic sheet. The metal sheet comprises convex protrusions which are pressed into a thermoplastic matrix of the organic sheet in the manufacture of the composite assembly. In this case, the metallic sheet is heated in a first step, whereby the thermoplastic matrix of the organic sheet melts locally. The projections of the metallic sheet may have any geometry, in particular are called sink plates and hollow truncated cones.

Furthermore, from the DE 10 2014 221 165 A1 , of the DE 10 2013 013 497 A1 and the DE 10 2011 006 372 A1 Further methods for the production of composite components of an organic sheet and, for example, a metal sheet known.

Disclosure of the invention

According to the invention, a composite component, a process for its production and its use with the characterizing features of the independent claims are provided.

Advantages of the invention

According to the invention, a composite component is provided which comprises a first component which is superficially joined to a second component. In this case, the first component is at least partially made of a fiber or lattice-reinforced thermoplastic composite material. The first component has a first joining surface and the second component has a second joining surface. The first joining surface is made of a fiber or lattice reinforced thermoplastic composite material, and the second joining surface comprises a plurality of surface protrusions. In the joined state, the surface protrusions of the second joining surface penetrate into the fiber-reinforced or lattice-reinforced thermoplastic composite material and penetrate the fiber or lattice reinforcement of the fiber-reinforced or lattice-reinforced thermoplastic composite material.

In this way, there is an advantageously fixed anchoring of the first joining surface on the surface of the second joining surface, as by the penetration of the surface protrusions of the second joining surface in the fiber or lattice-reinforced composite material an insoluble and firm connection of the two components takes place.

Since the surface protrusions of the second joining surface penetrate not only in the material of the lattice or fiber-reinforced composite material, but additionally the fiber or lattice reinforcement of the Fiber-reinforced or lattice-reinforced thermoplastic composite material also penetrate, for example, a force on the second component in the composite component does not cause it in the joining zone to delamination of the thermoplastic material of the fiber or lattice-reinforced composite material of the fiber or grid reinforcement but the force is transmitted from the second component directly into the fiber or grid reinforcement of the fiber or lattice reinforced thermoplastic composite material of the first component. In this way, highly stable and durable bonding surfaces between the first and second component are achieved.

Further advantageous embodiments of the present invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

Thus, it is advantageous if the surface projections of the second joining surface have a surface structuring. This surface structuring results in an increase in the surface area of the surface protrusions and thus in improved adhesion of the fiber-reinforced or lattice-reinforced thermoplastic composite material to the surface of the surface protrusions.

Furthermore, it is advantageous if the surface projections of the second joining surface are mounted with respect to the surface of the second joining surface with an inclination angle of 30 to 80 degrees. This is particularly advantageous when the composite of the first and second component is exposed in a later operation, for example, a shear stress. If the surface protrusions of the second joining surface are aligned counter to the direction of a horizontal force stress occurring later in operation, this significantly increases the stability of the joint connection between the first and second joining surfaces compared to a shear stress to be expected later in the operation of the composite component.

Moreover, it is advantageous if the second component is made of a metallic material at least in the region of the second joining surface, since corresponding surface projections of a metallic type can be generated in a simple manner on the basis of a metallic surface.

However, it is also advantageous if the second component is designed at least in the region of the second joining surface of a ceramic or thermoset material, since these materials have a high mechanical stability and can be used, for example, in corrosive environments.

According to a particularly advantageous embodiment of the present invention, the second joining surface is provided with a surface microstructure. This leads to the advantage that when joining the first component to the surface of the second component, a particularly dense, for example media-tight connection of both components is created, since it is additionally penetrated by an intrusion of the thermoplastic matrix, for example the first joining surface, for example in undercuts of the second joining surface resulting in a mechanical anchoring and thus to a mechanical strength of the connection on the anchorage by means of the projections addition.

Furthermore, a method for producing a composite component from a first and a second component is provided according to the invention, wherein the first component has a first joining surface and the second component has a second joining surface. In this case, the first joining surface is produced from a fiber-reinforced or grid-reinforced thermoplastic composite material, and the second joining surface is provided with surface protrusions. The second bonding surface is heated to a temperature above the melting temperature of the thermoplastic material of the fiber or grid reinforced thermoplastic composite material.

Thereafter, the first is pressed with the second mating surface, wherein the surface protrusions penetrate into the fiber or lattice reinforced thermoplastic composite material. This fiber or grid layers of the fiber or lattice-reinforced thermoplastic composite material are penetrated. Due to the elevated temperature of the surface projections, the penetration or penetration of the first joining surface through the surface projections of the second joining surface takes place with melting of the thermoplastic material of the fiber or lattice-reinforced thermoplastic composite material. On the one hand, this leads to a non-destructive joining of the two joining surfaces with one another and, on the other hand, to a positive remelting of the penetrating surface protrusions of the second joining surface by the thermoplastic material of the first joining surface.

Furthermore, it is advantageous if the generation of the surface projections of the second joining surface takes place by means of a suitable laser processing. In this way, surface protrusions with a suitable surface structure can be displayed in a simple manner.

The composite component according to the invention can be used particularly advantageously for the production of housings of battery cells, battery modules which contain a plurality of battery cells, or of battery packs which in turn comprise a plurality of battery modules. These batteries find, for example, their use in mobile applications such as electric or hybrid vehicles, in portable devices for data processing or telecommunications, in electric hand tools and kitchen appliances, as well as in stationary storage for electrical energy.

list of figures

• 1 die schematische Darstellung eines ersten und zweiten Bauteils vor der Herstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Verbundbauteils aus erstem und zweitem Bauteil,
• 2 beispielhafte Ausführungsformen einer Fügefläche des zweiten Bauteils,
• 3 die schematische Darstellung eines Herstellungsschritts zur Erzeugung einer Fügefläche des zweiten Bauteils gemäß 2 und
• 4 eine schematische Schnittdarstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Verbundbauteils im fertig gestellten Zustand.

Advantageous embodiments of the present invention are illustrated in the drawing and explained in more detail in the following description of the figures. It shows:

• 1 1 is a schematic representation of a first and a second component before the production of a composite component according to the invention from the first and second component,
• 2 exemplary embodiments of a joining surface of the second component,
• 3 the schematic representation of a manufacturing step for producing a joining surface of the second component according to 2 and
• 4 a schematic sectional view of a composite component according to the invention in the finished state.

In 1 are a first component 10 and a second component 20 schematically illustrated, which serve to produce a composite component according to the present invention. The first component 10 includes a first joining surface 12 , which is made for example of a fiber or lattice-reinforced thermoplastic composite material. However, it is also possible to carry out regions adjacent to the first joining surface also from the fiber-reinforced or lattice-reinforced thermoplastic composite material and, moreover, it is possible to carry out the entire first component made from this material.

The fiber-reinforced or lattice-reinforced thermoplastic composite material includes in the in 1 illustrated embodiment, a fiber reinforcement 14 in the form of a plurality of layers, for example, in a horizontal plane by 45 or 90 degrees to each other rotated fibers or fiber bundles 16a - 16g embedded in a thermoplastic polymer matrix 18 is formed. The fibers or fiber bundles can be designed, for example, as continuous fibers and can be glass fibers. Also suitable are fibers made of boron nitride or polyamide. The thermoplastic polymer material 18 may be, for example, PA66, PPS or PBT.

The second component 20 includes, for example, a second joining surface 22 , which is designed for example as a metallic surface. In addition, adjacent to the second joining surface areas of the second component 20 or the entire component 20 be made of a metallic material such as aluminum, steel or copper.

Alternatively, the second joining surface can also be made of a ceramic material such as alumina or a thermosetting material such as a corresponding epoxy.

The second joining surface 22 has a microstructure 24 their surface. Microstructuring is artificially generated regular or irregular surface elevations or depressions that move in a size range between 10 and 300 μm. The microstructuring 24 the second joining surface 22 serves a better adhesion of the joining surfaces 12 . 22 as part of a later joining process for the formation of the composite component according to the invention. In addition, the microstructuring ensures 24 a pronounced media tightness of the connection of the first and second joining surfaces 12 . 22 the later composite component 100 , The microstructuring 24 the second joining surface 22 can be done for example by chemical means by appropriate etching or by laser ablation.

Furthermore, the second joining surface comprises 22 a plurality or plurality of surface protrusions 26 , These have a height that is sufficient that the surface protrusions 26 in the context of a later joining process so far into the first joining surface 12 can penetrate that surface protrusions 26 at least one fiber structure 16a - 16g the first joining surface 12 penetrate. Preferably, the height of the surface protrusions 26 dimensioned such that the surface protrusions 26 the entire fiber or grid reinforcement 14 the first joining surface 12 penetrate.

The surface protrusions 26 are produced, for example, by a laser processing process and, in addition to a classically cylindrical shape, also the in 2 assume accepted embodiments.

In 2 are different configurations 26a - 26e of surface protrusions 26 represented, for example, by laser machining or Laseraufschweißung metallic material on, for example, a metallic second joining surface 22 he follows. When using ceramic materials for the joining surface 22 the production of surface protrusions occurs 26 For example, by ceramic injection molding and duroplastic materials as a basis for the second joint surface 22 through a corresponding injection molding process.

Opposite the already in 1 shown cylindrical shape of a surface projection 26a with vertical alignment, for example, a surface projection 26b formed according to a first alternative in an inclined shape. This deviates from the vertical orientation of the surface protrusions 26 off and closes with the surface of the second joint surface 22 For example, an angle of inclination between 30 and 80 degrees.

In this case, a plurality of surface protrusions 26b be arranged parallel to each other and thus have the same direction of inclination, the direction of inclination and the inclination angle of the surface protrusions 26b however, they may differ from each other. In particular, if in a later use of one of the first and second component 10 . 20 produced composite component a force on the composite of first and second joining surface 12 . 22 is expected from more than one horizontal direction, it is recommended for each expected direction of force a separate plurality of surface protrusions 26b to provide, the direction of inclination is directed against the direction of action of a later acting force. This results in two or more groups of surface protrusions 26b each aligned parallel to each other, each group of surface protrusions 26b has its own inclination direction.

In 2 are as further alternatives surface protrusions 26c . 26d represented, which have one or more undercuts in the form of spherical thickenings, after joining of first and second joining surface 12 . 22 to an improved adhesion of the surface protrusions 26c . 26d in the fiber or lattice-reinforced thermoplastic composite material of the first joining surface 12 to lead. A variant of this form of surface protrusions is in 2 in the form of a surface projection 26e which shows re-hook-shaped circumferential extensions and thus to a further improved adhesion of the surface projection 26e in the material of the first joining surface 12 shows. Basically, it is possible to have two or more of the 2 shown embodiments of a surface projection 26 for the design of the second joining surface 22 consulted.

In 3 schematically is a laser processing process of a second joining surface 22 shown, which is for example made of metallic material. This is the second joining surface 22 for example, from a laser 30 in one by the arrow 32 cleared direction run over, at the same time the surface of the second joining surface 22 by laser radiation 34 processed. In this case, for example, the laser radiation 34 so focused that it is indeed to a processing of the surface of the second joining surface 22 comes, but at the same time a processing of the tips of the surface protrusions 26 omitted. In this way, for example, a microstructuring of the second joining surface 22 be made.

In 4 is a composite component 100 comprising a first and a second component 10 . 20 shown, wherein a first joining surface 12 of the first component 10 to a second joint surface 22 of the second component 20 is added. Visible is that surface protrusions 26 in the thermoplastic material of the fiber or lattice-reinforced thermoplastic composite material of the first joining surface 12 have penetrated while a plurality of fiber structures 16a . 16b . 16c . 16d . 16d . 16f have penetrated.

It is possible that the surface elevation 26 only one fiber structure or a plurality of existing fiber structures or all fiber structures 16a - 16g the first joining surface 12 penetrates. Furthermore, it is by using surface protrusions 26 different height possible by means of surface protrusions 26 smaller longitudinal extent only some of the fiber structures 16a - 16g the first joining surface 12 to pierce and through second surface protrusions 26 greater longitudinal extent a plurality or all fiber structures 16a - 16g the first joining surface 12 ,

Alternatively, the fiber structure 16a - 16g be replaced by one or more grid structures. This may be, for example, a thermosetting polymer grid or by thermoplastic polymer lattice, wherein the polymeric material of the thermoplastic polymer lattice has a higher melting point than the thermoplastic material 18 of the material of the first joining surface 12 , As a fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composite material, for example, so-called organic sheets can be used.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 102013001943 A1 [0005]
• DE 102014221165 A1 [0006]
• DE 102013013497 A1 [0006]
• DE 102011006372 A1 [0006]

Claims (15)

Composite component comprising a first component (10) of a fiber or lattice-reinforced thermoplastic composite material and a second component (20), wherein the first component (10) has a first joining surface (12), and the second component (20) has a second joining surface (12). 22), and wherein the first component (10) and the second component (20) are connected to one another via the first and the second joining surface (12, 22), characterized in that the second joining surface (22) has surface projections (26, 26a). 26g) which engage the fiber or lattice reinforced thermoplastic composite material and penetrate the fiber or lattice reinforcement (16a-16g) of the fiber or lattice reinforced composite material. Composite component after Claim 1 , characterized in that the surface protrusions (26) have a textured surface. Composite component according to one of Claims 1 and 2 , characterized in that at least a part of the surface protrusions (26) with respect to the surface of the second joining surface (22) have an inclination angle of 30 to 80 degrees. Composite component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the surface projections (26) are aligned parallel to one another. Composite component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second component (20) is made of a metallic material at least in the region of the second joining surface (22). Composite component according to one of Claims 1 to 4 , characterized in that the second component (20) is made of a ceramic or a thermosetting material at least in the region of the second joining surface (22). Composite component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second joining surface (22) has a surface microstructure (24). Composite component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fiber reinforcement of the fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composite material at an angle of 45 to 90 degrees to each other rotated fiber inserts (16a - 16g). A method for producing a composite component according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a first component (10) is provided with a first joining surface (12) of a fiber or lattice-reinforced thermoplastic composite material, and a second component (20) with a second Joining surface (22) is provided on the surface of the second joining surface (22) surface protrusions (26) are generated, that the second joining surface (22) brought to a temperature above the melting temperature of the thermoplastic material of the fiber or lattice reinforced thermoplastic composite material is pressed, and that the first and the second joining surface (12, 22) are pressed against each other, such that the surface protrusions (26) of the second joining surface (22) penetrate into the fiber or lattice-reinforced thermoplastic composite material of the first joining surface (12) Fiber or grid reinforcement (16a - 16g) of the fiber or lattice reinforced thermoplastic composite penetrates. Method according to Claim 9 characterized in that the surface protrusions (26) on the second joining surface (22) are produced by a laser machining. Method according to Claim 9 or 10 , characterized in that the second joining surface (22) is additionally structured, in particular microstructured, in particular by laser processing. Method according to one of Claims 9 to 11 , characterized in that the surface projections (26) on the second joining surface (22) penetrate the fiber or grid reinforcement to at least 50%. Method according to one of Claims 9 to 12 , characterized in that the fiber reinforcement (16a - 16g) of the fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite material is a fiber fabric. Method according to one of Claims 9 to 13 , characterized in that the grid reinforcement of the grid-reinforced thermoplastic composite material is a polymeric, in particular thermosetting grid. Use of a composite component according to one of Claims 1 to 8th in housings for battery cells, battery modules or battery packs.

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