DE102017210402A1 - LEVELING RADAR WITH AUTOMATED FREQUENCY ADAPTATION - Google Patents

Abstract

A level radar device having a signal source arrangement, an operating parameter determining device and an operating parameter adjusting device, which is designed to change a sweep parameter of a continuous wave transmission signal on the basis of a parameter entered by the user or recorded by the measuring device of the measuring environment or measurement sequence.

Description

Field of the invention

The invention relates to the level measurement technology. In particular, the invention relates to a level radar device, a method for level determination, a program element and a computer-readable medium.

background

Level radars determine the level from the transit time of electromagnetic waves, which are emitted by the measuring device as a transmission signal and received again after reflection on the medium. From the duration of the electromagnetic waves can be a distance between the meter and the contents, and determine this in turn a degree of filling of a container equipped with the meter.

The electromagnetic waves may be high frequency waves or microwaves. They can be radiated freely by the measuring device in the direction of the product or, alternatively, fed back and forth from a waveguide.

Various measuring methods are known for measuring the transit time of electromagnetic waves between their emission and their reception. Basically, they can be distinguished in methods that measure the duration of very short transmission pulses, usually referred to as pulse radar, and measuring principles, which are based on the modulation of continuously transmitted signals. These signals are also referred to as continuous wave signals, and the corresponding level radars, for example, as CW (Continuous Wave) radars, which constantly send during the duration of a measurement process, whereby the transmission time is typically orders of magnitude longer than the term, unlike the pulse method within a measurement cycle the signals themselves.

By modulating the transmit and receive waves, the runtime can be determined indirectly. In the case of the FMCW (Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave) method, a linear frequency modulation is used for this purpose, which is also referred to as a frequency sweep.

The signal-to-noise ratio of the transmission signal received after its reflection on the medium can under certain conditions be improved by increasing the radiated transmission power.

Summary of the invention

It is an object of the invention to further increase the accuracy of level radar devices.

This object is solved by the features of the independent claims. Further developments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims and the following description of embodiments.

A first aspect of the invention relates to a level radar device with a signal source arrangement which is set up for generating an electromagnetic transmission signal whose duration is greater than twice the transit time of the transmission signal from the signal source arrangement to the medium. The electromagnetic transmission signal may in particular be a so-called continuous-wave transmission signal (CW signal). An operating parameter determining device is provided, which is set up to determine a new sweep parameter of the continuous wave transmission signal taking into account a user input or information acquired by the level radar device.

In addition, an operating parameter adjusting device is provided, which can represent a separate component or is integrated in the operating parameter determining device, and which is set up for changing the sweep parameter of the continuous wave transmission signal to the new sweep parameter. In particular, the sweep parameter can be changed during the normal measuring operation of the level gauge. The sweep parameter is, for example, a parameter which relates to the frequency ramp of the transmission signal, for example the sweep time of the continuous wave transmission signal, its bandwidth, its start frequency or end frequency, the number of intermediate frequency steps of the continuous wave transmission signal or its power, which may be set, for example, as a function of the frequency of the continuous-wave transmission signal. In particular, the transmission power of the transmission signal may be dependent on the frequency of the transmission signal, that is, vary over the continuous frequency band.

However, the sweep parameter of the continuous wave transmission signal may also be a parameter which has nothing to do with the actual sweep, for example the number of samples to be detected per frequency step or the sampling rate, which are important for the performance of the level radar device can.

In particular, the level radar device can be designed to have several of these sweep parameters during operation of the level radar device.

These changes are triggered by using information input by a user and / or information acquired by the level radar device from the operating parameter determining device, which determines therefrom the new sweep parameters. This information may, in particular, be one or more characteristics of the measurement environment or of the measurement procedure. Examples of this are information on what kind of filling material it is (solid, liquid, etc.), what kind of measuring setup it is (open measuring environment or measurement in the container, standpipe measurement or free-radiating measurement, etc.), or information about an expected rate of change of the level or expected level differences.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the filling level radar device has a transmitting and receiving circuit which is set up to emit the continuous wave transmission signal in the direction of the product surface and to receive the corresponding reflected transmission signal and then to mix it with another signal to form a reflection-dependent reception signal. from which then the fill level can be determined. In this context, one speaks of either a homodyne or a heterodyne mixture, depending on whether the received transmission signal is mixed with "itself" or with another signal, which typically also has a different frequency.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the continuous-wave transmission signal has a section-wise constant frequency, wherein the individual frequencies are distributed within a defined frequency band, for example equidistant.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the level radar device is designed for connection to a 4 to 20 mA two-wire loop, via which the level radar device is supplied with the energy required for the measurement and via which the device can transmit measurement data and receive parameterization data from an external location.

Another aspect of the invention relates to a method for filling level determination, in which an electromagnetic continuous wave transmission signal is generated whose duration is greater than twice the transit time of the transmission signal from the signal source arrangement to the medium. Then, a new sweep parameter of the continuous-wave transmit signal is determined in consideration of a user input or information detected by the level radar device, and the sweep parameter of the continuous-wave transmit signal is changed to the new sweep parameter.

Of course, several sweep parameters can be changed.

A third aspect of the invention relates to a program element that, when executed on a processor of a level radar device, causes the level radar device to perform the steps described above and below.

A further aspect of the invention relates to a computer-readable medium on which the program element described above is stored.

It should be noted at this point that the features of the level radar device described above and below can also be implemented as method steps and that the procedural features described within the scope of the invention can also be implemented in the level radar device.

A basic idea of the invention can be seen in that the transmission frequencies radiated by a filling radar device are optimized in order, for example, to increase the measuring accuracy. By pre-programmed knowledge, the operating parameter determining means in the Füllstandradargeräts, which operates on the continuously or stepwise modulated FMCW method or the reflectometer principle, are enabled, taking into account the user entered application parameters and / or even learned characteristics of the measurement application to optimize characteristic parameters (sweep parameters) of the transmission signal used for the measurement.

Embodiments of the invention will be described below with reference to the figures. If the same reference numerals are used in the figures, these designate the same or similar elements. The illustrations in the figures are schematic and not to scale.

list of figures

• 1 shows a circuit diagram of a level radar device.
• 2 shows examples of transmission signals and the corresponding reflection-dependent reception signals.
• 3 shows a circuit diagram of another level radar device.
• 4 shows an example of characteristic characteristics of a first operating mode of a reflectometer method.
• 5 shows a circuit diagram of another level radar device.
• 6 shows a circuit diagram of another level radar device.
• 7 shows the mode of action when changing the characteristic characteristics.
• 8th shows relationships between typical characteristics of a measuring arrangement and the characteristic characteristics of the measurement procedure of the level radar device.
• 9 shows another example.
• 10 shows another example.
• 11 shows another example.
• 12 shows another example.
• 13 shows another example.
• 14 shows another example.
• 15 shows a flowchart of a method according to an embodiment of the invention.

Detailed description of embodiments

1 shows in the form of a highly simplified block diagram of the basic structure of a transmit-receive circuit 101 an FMCW radar sensor. The synthesizer 102 serves to generate the transmission signal 103 and contains, for example, a VCO (voltage controlled oscillator). About one in the synthesizer 102 contained circuit for controlling the transmission frequency, such as a PLL circuit (phase locked loop), the transmission signal is linear frequency modulated. This transmission signal 103 passes over the circulator 104 to the antenna 105 and is from this towards the reflector 106 Posted. That after the reflection to the antenna 105 returning received signal passes through the circulator 104 to the mixer 107 , This mixes the received signal with a part of the transmission signal, whereby a so-called beat signal 108 arises. This becomes after low-pass filtering in the filter 109 and corresponding gain in the amplifier 110 from an analog-to-digital converter 111 digitized and then digitally processed. The mixture of transmit and receive signal is a so-called homodyne receiver principle. The distance of the reflector 106 from the meter directly affects the frequency of the beat signal 108 vice versa, which is why conversely from the measured beat frequency can be concluded directly on the measurement distance. With several reflectors a beatsignal is created 108 with a frequency mixture of the individual frequencies associated with the different measuring distances. It is therefore common to have the digitized beat signal within a controller circuit 112 To undergo a spectral analysis, for example by means of a Fourier transform or a fast Fourier transform FFT (fast Fourier transformation) to separate the individual frequency components or reflection components and, where appropriate, to determine their exact frequency and thus the underlying measurement distance. 2 shows a section of the transmission signal 103 with the linear frequency modulation in a time-frequency diagram and directly below in a time-voltage diagram, for example, an associated analog beat signal 108 , which arises at a defined reflector distance.

A known variant of the FMCW method is the modification of the linear frequency modulation of the transmission signal in a stepped linear frequency modulation, as in 2 as alternative 103 ' is shown. The transmission signal remains 103 ' for a certain period of time at a certain frequency and then jumps in uniform steps on to the next frequencies. Due to the homodyne mixture according to the block diagram valid from here as well 1 arises at the mixer output resulting from the mutual phase shift of transmit and receive signal DC voltage for each frequency level. The DC voltages resulting from each stage result in one beat frequency set in succession 108 the previously described FMCW method according to the waveform 108 ' , This is in 2 also sketched in part. As you can see in the picture, the previously continuous beat signal changes 108 in a stepped analog signal 108 ' , In a subsequent analog-to-digital conversion of this stepped signal 108 ' Of course, it makes sense to convert exactly one sample per stage, whereby the digitized beat signal of the stepped linear frequency modulation is not significantly different from the digitized beat signal of a standard FMCW method. Therefore, the further digital signal processing, starting with the spectral analysis, is identical in both methods.

Characteristic parameters in the operation of a radar device according to the FMCW method (also called operating parameters) are the swept during a frequency sweep bandwidth B _S and the required sweep time T _S. Furthermore, the determination of the sampling frequency f _{A of} the A / D converter 111 may be significant to the performance of the radar system. In general, by increasing the bandwidth B _S, the distinction of very closely spaced echoes can be improved. An increase in the sweep time T _S leads to an improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio and by an increase in the sampling rate f _{A of} the A / D converter, an increase of the maximum detectable measuring range can be achieved.

3 shows a block diagram of an above-described, known FMCW method alternative measuring method, which is also referred to below as a reflectometer method. It is different to the one in 1 illustrated transmit-receive circuit 101 inter alia, by a heterodyne circuit design, which provides a receive mix of the received signal with a local oscillator signal of different frequency, so that an intermediate frequency is generated at the mixer output. As well as in 1 is from the synthesizer 301 generates a transmission signal, which via the circulator 302 or directional coupler 302 to the antenna 303 directed and emitted by this. The antenna 303 converts a supplied via a line high frequency signal into an electromagnetic wave 304 which is either freely radiated or alternatively guided via a waveguide, for example a waveguide or a single-wire or multi-wire conductor, in the direction of the reflector. The reflected wave at the reflector at least partially back to the antenna 303 and is converted back to a conducted reception signal. This passes over the circulator 302 or directional coupler 302 now to the reception mixer 305 , The circulator or directional coupler 302 is a well-known in the field of radar level measurement component, which is advantageously used in monostatic operation, ie when using the same antenna for transmitting and receiving. It has at least 3 ports and conducts directionally selective signals from one port mainly to a second port, while the third port is decoupled in this case. In a likewise possible, not shown here bistatic operation two separate antennas are used for transmitting and receiving. This eliminates the circulator or directional coupler 302 and the signal comes from the synthesizer 301 to the transmitting antenna and, on the other hand, from the receiving antenna to the receiving mixer 305 ,

The synthesizer 301 is used to generate different sine waves of different frequency in a predetermined frequency band, the frequency remains at a fixed value for a certain period of time and then jumps to a new fixed frequency value. This can take place, for example, in the form of a stepped linear frequency modulation. For this purpose it contains a tunable oscillator, for example a VCO. In addition, it advantageously contains a control loop and a reference oscillator. The control loop, for example a phase locked loop (PLL), regulates the frequency of the tunable oscillator so that it is in a specific, adjustable ratio to the frequency of the reference oscillator. The adjustment of the frequency ratio is advantageously done digitally, for example, controlled by a controller circuit 317 over the signal 306 , and usually means the switching of one or more divider blocks, which divide down the frequency of the reference oscillator and / or the tunable oscillator. In addition to simple integer divisors, non-integer divisors, so-called fractional N divisors, are also possible. By using such dividers it is possible to set the output frequency of the synthesizer 301 in very fine steps over a relatively large frequency range to adjust.

Part of the output signal of the synthesizer 301 is branched off, for example via a power splitter or a coupler not shown in detail, to the local oscillator signal for the receiving mixer 305 to build. This is done via the mixer 306 the branched synthesizer signal 307 with an output signal of an oscillator 308 mixed, resulting in various new frequency components such as the sum frequency and the difference frequency from the two input frequencies.

The output signal of the mixer 306 serves as a local oscillator signal to the heterodyne receiving mix in the receive mixer 305 , In the reception mixer 305 arises from local oscillator signal and received signal, among other things, the difference frequency of the two signals. This as an intermediate frequency signal 310 designated output signal of the receiving mixer 305 In addition to the above-mentioned fixed frequency has a phase position, which defines together with the amplitude of the intermediate frequency signal, a complex characteristic of the reflection coefficient of all involved in the reflection of the wave reflectors. Or expressed in other words, the phase position of the intermediate frequency signal of the mutual phase position of local oscillator signal and received signal is dependent. The phase of the received signal in turn depends on the distance traveled by the transmitted or received wave and thus the reflector distance, while the phase position of the local oscillator signal from the synthesizer output signal and thus the transmitted signal depends. Thus, the phase position of the intermediate frequency signal ultimately only depends on the phase shift between the transmission signal and the received signal and thus of the reflector distance. In the band filter 311 this IF signal is band filtered and in the IF amplifier 312 amplified to increase the signal-to-noise ratio. In order to determine the complex reflection coefficient from the analog intermediate frequency signal, it is possible to use a quadrature demodulator 313 the intermediate frequency signal into its complex components, ie the real and the imaginary part, decomposed and then both parts are converted separately analog-digital. Advantageous using the quadrature demodulator, the real and imaginary parts of the intermediate frequency signal are baseband signals 315 . 316 exist, ie no high frequency components more and thus are very easy to digitize.

As already indicated, after the analog-to-digital conversion by the analog-to-digital converter takes place 314 the further processing of the measured values within the controller circuit 317 , The circuit part 317 In addition to program code for the evaluation of the digitized measurement signals, in particular also contains program code for the sequence control of a measurement cycle, ie for the initiation of the transmission of the waves and the control of the frequencies as well as the general control of the transceiver circuit 318 ,

In the 3 As shown, the circuitry shown allows the determination of a complex reflection coefficient. This complex reflection coefficient is composed of all the reflection components contained in the received signal. If several reflectors are involved, the individual signal components can no longer be separated and a determination of the distance of the individual reflectors is not possible. Repeating this measurement on other set output frequencies within a certain frequency band, but can create a digital table of values consisting of the set frequency values and the associated complex reflection coefficient. Advantageously, the frequency spacings of all frequency values are selected to be equal, so that the frequency values subdivide the frequency band into equidistant sections. The band-limited spectrum of the digital reflection coefficients thus produced subsequently becomes within a controller circuit 317 an inverse Fourier transform, for example, at equidistant frequency intervals of an IFFT (inverse fast Fourier transformation), which transforms the frequency signal into a time signal. This digital time signal, in turn, is characteristic of the sum of the reflections of the transmitted and received measurement signal. It is in the form of a value table of time values and associated reflection components and can be evaluated with respect to a determination of local maxima. These local maxima identify the individual reflections of the various reflectors received after the allocated time. In this form, this time reflection amplitude value table now resembles the digitized reflection profiles familiar from the known fill level radar methods. Further evaluation steps for determining the sought echo of the product surface and the determination of the exact reflection time of this echo can therefore be taken from the known methods of pulse-radar or FMCW radar systems.

Characteristic parameters in the operation of a radar measuring device according to the reflectometer method are the bandwidth B _S resulting from the difference between the maximum radiated frequency and the minimum radiated frequency and the number of frequency intermediate _steps N _FS . Furthermore, the determination of the number of samples N _S to be detected per frequency step may be significant for the performance of the radar system.

4 shows the characteristic characteristics of a first mode of operation of a reflectometer method. The measurement starts at a first frequency 401 and ends at a second frequency 402 , The difference between these two frequencies results in the bandwidth B ₁ 403 of the system. The larger this bandwidth is selected, the narrower the echoes are imaged within an echo curve, which contributes to the fact that very closely spaced echoes can still be evaluated separately. Another parameter of the process according to 4 is the number of frequency steps N _FS , which in the present example was set to seven. The higher the number of frequency levels within the bandwidth B _{1 is} set, the larger the measuring range of the system, within which a clear mapping of the reflection ratios is ensured. Furthermore, the number of analog-to-digital conversions per frequency step influences the sensitivity of the measuring system. By recording many individual measured values per frequency step, an increase in the signal-to-noise ratio within the digital signal processing can be achieved. In the present example the 4 becomes exactly one sample 404 recorded per frequency step.

The operating parameters can be changed during level measurement with continuously or stepwise modulated FMCW or reflectometer gauges. For this purpose, specialized knowledge is generally required because it is not apparent to a third party which of the characteristic variables listed above can be changed within which limits and which specific effects on the measurement result from the change of the parameters.

The operating parameter adjustment device is set up to allow the non-specialist user to optimize the operation of a level gauge according to a continuously or stepwise modulated FMCW method or reflectometer principle. In addition, a refinement of the parameter adjustment device is proposed, which is suitable during operation of the level measuring device without external intervention Operational parameters in the context of the measurement to independently change and optimize.

5 shows a first embodiment of a modified radar device according to the FMCW method. This essentially consists of the known arrangement 1 corresponding measuring device has a Parameterverstelleinrichtung 501 which can implement user-entered user parameters in specifications for the characteristic parameters of the measurement process. The parameter adjustment device can be designed to also assume the function of an operating parameter determination device. The user can do this via an interface unit 502 which is not necessarily part of the measuring device itself, and which communicates by wire or wirelessly with the Parameterverstelleinrichtung, enter typical characteristics of a measuring point. These parameters should also be referred to as user parameters in the context of the present specification. As an interface unit in addition to classic control modules also PC application programs, smartphone apps or well-known operating modules from process automation (eg HART handhelds) into consideration. The typical characteristics of a measuring point describe information on the issues of, for example, whether a bulk material or a liquid is measured, whether rather well reflective material or poorly reflective material is measured, if rapid level changes are to be expected, if a measurement is made within a standpipe, if on an open measuring point without container is measured, whether in the context of the measurement saturated vapor atmospheres are to be expected, and / or how large the maximum expected range of distance to the medium will be. The parameter adjustment device 501 processes the user through an interface unit 502 input user parameters, and derives from these according to a set of characteristics for operating the radar device according to the FMCW method, for example, the start frequency used for the measurement, the measurement duration, the bandwidth as the difference between stop and start frequency, the number of measured values to be acquired and others Sensor parameters adjustable by the sensor electronics. The parameter adjustment device 501 can be implemented as a separate electronic unit within the sensor, for example as a logic circuit, as an FPGA, or as a microcontroller with appropriate operating software. But it can also be provided that the parameter adjustment 501 as a pure software implementation on the previously existing controller circuit 112 . 317 is implemented. It can also be provided, the parameter adjustment 501 within the interface unit 502 as hardware, software or combined implementation. The of the Parameterverstelleinrichtung 501 In the context of the user parameters entered by the user for the respective measurement situation, optimized characteristic parameters for operation are determined by the controller circuit 112 . 317 transmitted, for example via a communication line 504 , The controller circuit 112 . 317 is with the help of the connections 508 . 509 . 510 . 511 able to directly influence the course of a measurement, in particular the synthesizer 102 , an adjustable analog filter 505 , an adjustable amplifier 506 and / or the analog-to-digital converter 507 to set and control that the specifications of the Parameterverstelleinrichtung 501 be sufficiently observed for the characteristic characteristics of the radar.

It should be noted at this point that the communication line 504 is designed for bidirectional communication. In the further course of the present document, particular attention will be given to the fact that the parameter adjustment device can additionally or exclusively also use information of the current measurement itself for determining the specifications for the characteristic parameters for the operation of the radar measuring device.

6 shows a second embodiment of a modified radar device according to the reflectometer principle. This essentially consists of the known arrangement 3 corresponding measuring device has a Parameterverstelleinrichtung 601 , which can implement user-entered user parameters in specifications for the characteristic characteristics of the measurement process of the reflectometer. The user can do this via an interface unit 502 which is not necessarily part of the measuring device itself, and which communicates by wire or wirelessly with the Parameterverstelleinrichtung, enter typical characteristics of a measuring point. The parameter adjustment device 601 processes the user through an interface unit 502 inputted user parameters, and derives from these according to the rules characteristic parameters for operation of the radar device according to the reflectometer method, for example, to be controlled for measurement single frequency values, the bandwidth as the difference between the highest measurement frequency and the lowest measurement frequency, the number of samples to be detected per measurement frequency. The parameter adjustment device 601 can be implemented as a separate electronic unit within the sensor, for example as a logic circuit, as an FPGA, or as a microcontroller with appropriate operating software. But it can also be provided that the parameter adjustment 601 as a pure software implementation on the previously existing controller circuit 317 , is implemented. It can also be provided, the Parameterverstelleinrichtung 601 within the interface unit 502 as hardware, software or combined implementation.

The of the Parameterverstelleinrichtung 601 In the context of the user parameters entered by the user for the respective measurement situation, optimized characteristic parameters for operation are determined by the controller circuit 317 transmitted, for example via a communication line 603 , The controller circuit 317 is with the help of connecting cables 306 . 604 able to directly influence the course of a measurement, in particular the synthesizer 301 and / or the analog-to-digital converter 314 to set and control that the specifications of the Parameterverstelleinrichtung 601 be sufficiently observed for the characteristic characteristics of the radar.

It should be noted at this point that the communication line 603 is designed for bidirectional communication. In the further course of the present document, particular attention will be given to the fact that the parameter adjustment device can additionally or exclusively also use information of the current measurement itself for determining the specifications for the characteristic parameters for the operation of the radar measuring device.

7 shows on the basis of a level measuring device according to the reflectometer principle, the mode of action when changing the characteristic characteristics for the operation of the device. Without inputting typical characteristics of the measuring point by the user, the measuring device may be in a delivery state within which there are seven different individual frequency values 703 ... 709 with the help of a synthesizer 301 generated. The high-frequency bandwidth B1 resulting from this measurement results from the difference between the highest transmitted frequency 709 and the lowest frequency sent 703 , The meter may be programmed in the factory setting to operate for each of the single frequency values set sequentially 703 ... 709 exactly one complex value 710 . 711 , ..., 716 with the help of the analog-digital converter 314 detected. From the recorded measured values 710 ... 716 can be determined in a known manner, the distance to the contents.

If, for example, the information provided by the user within the scope of a parameterization of the measuring device that the measurement should take place within a container with a poorly reflecting bulk material, this information is obtained from the parameter adjustment device 601 used for the characteristic characteristics for the operation according to the representation 702 to change. In bulk solids applications, it is generally the case that the echoes of the bulk material surface become very wide due to the forming of the bulk material. It therefore makes sense to change the measurement procedure in such a way that a smaller bandwidth B2 is passed through. Although this also leads to broader echoes, but the energy consumption and thus the measurement repetition rate can be optimized by such a measure. In addition, the information about the poor reflectivity of the medium is used by each transmitted frequency step 717 . 718 . 719 several readings 720 . 721 be recorded. By a mean value calculation of the measured values belonging to a frequency step within the controller circuit 317 The noise component can be reduced within the recorded measured values and thus the measurement reliability can be improved for poorly reflective media.

In the further figures, further example relationships, which as a priori knowledge within the Parameterverstelleinrichtung 501 . 601 filed, clarified. In order not to increase the complexity of the presentation too much, the explanations are limited to the FMCW principle. It should be emphasized at this point that it is possible for the skilled person without any problems to transfer the corresponding findings also on a Parameterverstelleinrichtung for a radar device according to the reflectometer principle. A first example was in 7 explained.

The following remarks on the 8th to 14 show exemplary relationships between the typical characteristics of a measuring point and the characteristic parameters of the measurement sequence of the radar. 8th shows the change in the choice between a measurement on bulk material 801 and a measurement on liquids 802 as provided by the user via a user interface 502 can be entered. When measuring bulk solids, very broad bulk cone echoes are generally measured for physical reasons. A separation of very close echoes will therefore not be very meaningful. It is therefore advantageous to choose the measuring bandwidth B1 very small. In contrast, in liquid applications with the setting of a very large measuring bandwidth B2 be achieved that the meter can detect very narrow echoes. Thus, it is possible in particular, the echo of a pipeline 803 , and the echo of the liquid surface 802 , which spatially very close together, to separate and thus increase the accuracy of measurement. 9 Figure 12 shows the resulting changes in operation in activating a user option for poorly reflective media. In the standard procedure, the control software within the level gauge assumes that the Reflection properties of the medium in the usual range of the media spectrum are. Accordingly, a short measuring time T1 which ensures that a large number of measurements can result in a fast reaction time of the device with changing filling level. If, on the other hand, the option for poorly reflecting media (for example in the case of oil) is activated, the measuring device changes its operating procedure in such a way that very long measuring times are achieved T2 be set. Although this reduces the measurement repetition rate, it ensures that noise components become very small during the acquisition of the measured values, which significantly increases the reliability of the measurement even with a small useful signal. 10 clarifies a rather legal aspect in the operation of level gauges. Depending on the radio approval standards in different countries, there is a requirement in some areas for radar instruments operating outside closed containers to have to comply with certain sweep rate specifications to ensure that other communication devices are not disturbed. A scenario results from the user input "Measurement outside of a container". In this case, the parameter adjustment device changes the measurement sequence such that a maximum permissible sweep rate u1 1001 is not exceeded. When measuring in a closed container 1002 This specification can be ignored, which is why advantageously a higher sweep rate u2 1003 is set. As a result, the measurement time can be reduced and thus the measurement repetition rate in closed containers can be improved. At the same time, the specifications for operation outside of closed containers with appropriate user input are met by a level radar device.

11 shows changing operations when entering the height of the container to be measured. For a small container 1101 with a height of h1 can be applied to the processing of echoes in a range far from the maximum distance h1 be waived. The Parameterverstelleinrichtung uses the context that echoes in a very large distance at high frequencies of the intermediate frequency signal 108 whereas echoes at a smaller distance only contribute to low frequencies of the signal. Accordingly, in the example of a small container height 1101 the processing chain from bandpass filter 505 , Amplifier 506 and A / D converter 507 be set to the lower maximum frequency. This allows in particular the operation of the A / D converter 507 with a small sampling frequency fA1 1103. Due to fewer acquired samples per measurement cycle, the computational effort within the digital signal processing is reduced, which contributes to a shorter time duration and thus a high repetition rate. In contrast, in large containers 1102 be calculated with high frequency components for distant echoes. The processing chain from bandpass filter 505 , Amplifier 506 and A / D converter 507 must be set to the greater maximum frequency, and also the sampling frequency FA2 1104 must be increased accordingly.

12 shows an embodiment in which the Parameterverstelleinrichtung 501 . 601 without the default by the user, the characteristic parameters for the operation of the meter independently optimized. First, let the meter take a measurement in the free field on a bulk material cone 1201 carry out. The parameters used for this, in particular the starting frequency fStart 1203 and the stop frequency fStop 1204 are factory-programmed into the firmware of the meter. Owing to external disturbances, for example a transmitting antenna mounted in the vicinity of the measuring device 1205 , the case may occur that the measurement is disturbed in at least a portion of the bandwidth fStart ... fStop. The meter can determine by plausibility analysis and / or by switching to a pure receive mode that on an externally irradiated carrier frequency fT 1206 a measurement is difficult. The Parameterverstelleinrichtung, which receives the information about the presence of a disturbance in a portion of the currently used tape from the controller circuit, can now independently change the frequencies used for the measurement such that the external noise frequency is outside the range of measurement frequencies. In the present example, the Parameterverstelleinrichtung increases the starting frequency to a value above the external noise frequency, which can lead to trouble-free operation of the meter. Another example of an automatic optimization of the operating parameters by a Parameterverstelleinrichtung is in 13 explained. In contrast to the measurement in the free field, measurement takes place within closed containers 1301 rarely external noise. Especially in the measurement of ammonia or water under very high pressure and / or very high temperature forms above the actual medium 1302 a saturated vapor atmosphere 1303 out which of the meter 1304 radiated attenuated electromagnetic waves in at least a portion of the radiated frequencies massively. For example, in the case of water, it is known that a saturated vapor atmosphere massively dampens electromagnetic waves in the range around 60 GHz. In order to prevent the loss of useful signal and thus a decrease in the signal-to-noise ratio in corresponding applications, the Parameterverstelleinrichtung, whenever it detects a decrease in the detected signal energy in a portion of the radiated frequencies, a shift of the Provide measurement used frequency band. The operation as shown 1305 illustrates the change in the measurement process when damping effects occur at a frequency of 60 GHz.

It can also be provided that a static change of the operating frequencies of the Radarmessgerätes is made by the parameter adjustment by an input of operating pressure, medium and operating temperature by the user.

14 shows another application example. Especially when measuring in so - called bypass pipes 1401 . 1402 with free radiating radar instruments 1403 the problem arises that the bypass tube acts as a so - called waveguide for the electromagnetic signals. Depending on the inner diameter 1404 . 1405 of the bypass tube electromagnetic waves propagate at a frequency below the cutoff frequency of the waveguide not at all or only strongly attenuated in the direction of the product surface 1406 . 1407 out. After entering the information about a measurement in the standpipe and after entering the diameter of the standpipe by the user, the Parameterverstelleinrichtung can take this behavior into account, and thus optimize the measurement process. Using the parameters for the standpipe 1401 the parameter adjustment device can independently determine the value for the cutoff frequency f1. In order to optimize the course of the measurement, in particular the starting frequency of the measurement 1408 to a value above the cut-off frequency f1 1409 of the standpipe 1401 set. For another pipe diameter 1405 a second standpipe 1402 this results in a lower cutoff frequency f2 compared to the previous example 1411 , which causes the Parameterverstelleinrichtung a measurement process 1410 with a lower start frequency, which in turn is above the second cutoff frequency f2, drives.

15 shows an operation of a meter according to the FMCW method or the reflectometer method. The procedure starts in the start state 1501 , In step 1502 checks the Parameterverstelleinrichtung 501 . 601 First, whether new parameters from the user through an interface 502 have been entered. If this is the case, characteristic parameters for operating the measuring device are determined on the basis of the user parameters and transmitted to the controller unit. In step 1504 is checked by the Parameterverstelleinrichtung whether an external noise frequency or a pronounced attenuation behavior of individual frequencies present in the frequency range currently used for the measurement. If this is the case, then in step 1505 a change in the measured frequencies to be determined and transmitted to the controller unit. In step 1506 The controller unit carries out a measurement on the basis of the parameters of the parameter adjustment unit and determines the distance to the medium. The determined distance is provided to the outside.

It should generally be noted with regard to the block diagrams and principle drawings that they are reduced to the essential components and components necessary for the practical implementation have been partially omitted or simplified because they are known to the person skilled in the art. This concerns, for example, filtering measures at the outlet of the mixers in order to let through only the desired mixing frequencies and to suppress unwanted mixing products. In addition, it is well known to those skilled in the art to amplify signals as needed at different locations of the signal chain to increase the signal-to-noise ratio. This could be, for example, amplifiers in the transmission branch or in the reception branch in front of the reception mixer. In addition, only the part of the sensor circuit which is important for the direct measurement technique was shown here. A fill level radar sensor constructed according to this principle may of course contain further circuit parts known to the person skilled in the art.

It should also be noted that the previously presented methods and apparatuses can be used both for level measuring instruments according to the continuously or stepwise modulated FMCW method and for level radar instruments according to the reflectometer principle. It is obvious to a person skilled in the art how the corresponding exemplary embodiments can also be used for other principles.

In addition, it should also be noted that the described relationships of the embodiments are not complete. In the case of the FMCW method, which is continuously or stepwise modulated, it can be considered in particular that any change in the sweep parameters depends on the user input. It may be intended to sweep from a low frequency to a high frequency. It may be intended to sweep from a high to a low frequency. It can also be provided to split the sweep into several partial sweeps with the omission of individual frequencies. Especially in the case of the fill level measuring device according to the reflectometer method, provision can be made for the amount of transmission frequencies to be controlled to be run in any order, and the resulting measured values in the memory to be sorted again into the correct order.

In addition, it should be noted that "comprising" and "having" does not exclude other elements or steps, and the indefinite articles "a" or "an" exclude no plurality. It should also be appreciated that features or steps described with reference to any of the above embodiments may also be used in combination with other features or steps of other embodiments described above. Reference signs in the claims are not to be considered as limitations.

Claims (11)

Level radar device, comprising: a signal source arrangement (102, 301), configured to generate an electromagnetic continuous wave transmission signal (103, 103 ') whose duration is greater than twice the transit time of the transmission signal from the signal source arrangement to the medium; operating parameter determining means (501, 601) arranged to determine a new sweep parameter of the continuous wave transmission signal in consideration of a user input or information detected by the level radar device; an operating parameter adjusting means (501, 601) adapted to change the sweep parameter of the continuous wave transmission signal to the new sweep parameter. Level radar device after Claim 1 , wherein the user input or the information detected by the filling level radar device is a parameter of the measuring environment or of the measuring sequence. Level radar device after Claim 1 or 2 wherein the user input or the information detected by the level radar device comprises information regarding a classification of the contents, a classification of the measurement structure or an expected rate of change of the level. Filling radar device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the sweep parameter of the continuous wave transmission signal, the sweep time of the continuous wave transmission signal, the bandwidth, the start frequency, the stop frequency or the sampling rate of an analog-to-digital converter (111, 314, 507). Level radar device according to one of Claims 1 to 3 wherein the sweep parameter of the continuous-wave transmit signal is the number of intermediate frequency steps of the continuous-wave transmit signal or the number of samples to be detected per frequency step. Filling radar device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the sweep parameter of the continuous wave transmission signal is the power of the continuous wave transmission signal in dependence on the frequency of the continuous wave transmission signal. Filling radar device according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising: a transmitting and receiving circuit (318) adapted for: Emitting the continuous wave transmission signal in the direction of a product surface; Receiving the transmitted signal reflected at the product surface and mixing the received reflected continuous wave transmission signal with another signal to form a reflection-dependent received signal (108, 108 '), from which the fill level can be determined. Level radar device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the continuous-wave transmission signal (103, 103 ') has a section-wise constant frequency; wherein the individual frequencies are distributed within a defined frequency band. Method for level determination, comprising the following steps: Generating an electromagnetic continuous wave transmission signal (103, 103 ') whose duration is greater than twice the transit time of the transmission signal from the signal source arrangement to the medium; Determining a new sweep parameter of the continuous wave transmit signal in consideration of a user input or information acquired by the level radar device; Changing the sweep parameter of the continuous wave transmission signal to the new sweep parameter. Program element that, when executed on a processor (16) of a level radar device, causes the level radar device to follow the steps Claim 9 perform. Computer readable medium, on which a program element after Claim 10 is stored.

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