DE102017207156A1 - Method for producing a pressure vessel - Google Patents

Abstract

A process for producing a fiber-reinforced pressure vessel will be described. The method includes determining property data relating to at least one mechanical property of the partially fabricated pressure vessel. In addition, the method includes adjusting the further manufacture of the pressure vessel depending on the property data.

Description

The invention relates to a method for producing a pressure vessel, in particular a pressure vessel for receiving a fuel.

A road vehicle may comprise a fuel cell based on a fuel such as a fuel. Hydrogen generates electrical energy for operation, in particular for the drive, of the vehicle. The fuel may be stored in one or more pressurized tanks of the vehicle, with a pressure vessel having one or more pressure vessel walls enclosing a cavity for receiving the fuel. The fuel can be passed via a valve from the pressure vessel to the fuel cell of the vehicle. A pressure vessel may be disposed on the underbody or in the underbody of a vehicle.

A pressure vessel for receiving a fuel typically must have certain mechanical properties. In particular, the pressure vessel typically has to meet certain requirements with regard to a bursting pressure or with respect to a compressive strength.

The present document deals with the technical problem of providing a cost-effective, weight and space-efficient pressure vessel with certain mechanical properties, in particular with a certain compressive strength or with a specific bursting pressure.

The object is solved by the independent claim. Advantageous embodiments are described i.a. in the dependent claims. It should be noted that additional features of a claim dependent on an independent claim without the features of the independent claim or only in combination with a subset of the features of the independent claim may form an independent invention independent of the combination of all features of the independent claim, the subject of an independent claim, a divisional application or a subsequent application. This applies equally to technical teachings described in the specification, which may form an independent invention of the features of the independent claims.

In one aspect, a method of making a fiber reinforced pressure vessel is described. The pressure vessel may include a liner to which multiple layers of fibrous material are applied to enhance one or more mechanical properties of the pressure vessel. In particular, application of fibrous material, e.g. by the application of fiber reinforced plastic (FRP), the compressive strength and / or the best pressure of a pressure vessel are brought to a target value.

The method includes determining property data relating to at least one mechanical property of the partially fabricated pressure vessel. The property data may indicate the property value or value of at least one mechanical property. The mechanical property may include a bursting pressure and / or a compressive strength of the partially manufactured pressure vessel. The property data can thus be an indication of which best pressure and / or which pressure resistance the partially manufactured pressure vessel has.

A pressure vessel may gradually, e.g. by applying fiber material, are manufactured. A partially manufactured pressure vessel may be a pressure vessel which does not yet have all the intended layers of fiber material. The progress of manufacturing a pressure vessel may be indicated by a manufacturing grade. At the beginning of manufacture (e.g., at the beginning of laying fiber material), the pressure vessel may have a 0% manufacturing grade. On the other hand, the pressure vessel may have a manufacturing grade of 100% when all intended layers of fiber material have been applied. The partially fabricated pressure vessel may have a manufacturing grade that is greater than 0% and / or less than 100%, e.g. a manufacturing grade of 90%, 80%, 70% or less.

The mechanical property may be such that the mechanical property can not be measured directly. In particular, the measurement of the bursting pressure leads to the destruction of a pressure vessel. The property data may thus indirectly (e.g., via a mathematical and / or statistical model) indicate a property value of the mechanical property. In this case, the property data can be determined in such a way that the pressure vessel is not (possibly not substantially) adversely affected by the determination of the property data.

The property data can be determined by one or more sensors. In particular, the property data may include: sensor data (eg, image data) indicating a deposition location of fibrous material on the surface of the partially fabricated pressure vessel; Sensor data (eg image data), the deviation of the storage position of fiber material from a reference or ideal position of fiber material on the surface of the partially manufactured pressure vessel Show; Sensor data relating to the fiber material (eg, with respect to the expansion behavior of the fiber material) applied to the surface of the partially fabricated pressure vessel; Image data relating to the surface of the partially fabricated pressure vessel; and / or sensor data indicating an expansion behavior, in particular a coefficient of expansion and / or a stiffness of the partially manufactured pressure vessel.

The method further comprises adjusting the further manufacture of the pressure vessel depending on the property data. In particular, the further application of fiber material can be adapted to the surface of the partially manufactured pressure vessel depending on the property data. The further production of the pressure vessel can be adapted in such a way taking into account the property data that the finished pressure vessel has a target value for the mechanical property (in particular for the compressive strength or for the bursting pressure).

By taking into account property data during the manufacture of a single pressure vessel, it can be ensured that each individual pressure vessel has the target value of the mechanical property. In this case, the amount of fiber material that is applied to a pressure vessel can be customized. As a result, the required amount of material, weight and space required for a pressure vessel (on average for a plurality of pressure vessels, i.e. statistically) can be reduced.

In advance, a plurality of ply structures may be defined which may be applied to a partially fabricated pressure vessel (of a particular manufacturing grade). The ply structures may e.g. be certified by a registration office. It can then be selected depending on the property data, a layer structure of the fiber material from the plurality of predefined layer structures for the further production of the pressure vessel.

For example, the plurality of ply assemblies may comprise a first ply structure having a relatively high contribution to the target mechanical property and a second ply construction having a relatively low contribution to the target mechanical property. The first layer structure may be selected for further manufacturing of the pressure vessel when the property data indicates that the mechanical property of the partially fabricated pressure vessel is relatively far from the target value. On the other hand, if the property data indicates that the mechanical property of the partially fabricated pressure vessel is relatively close to the target value, the second layer structure may be selected for further production of the pressure vessel. Thus, in a reliable, individual and efficient manner, the manufacture of a pressure vessel can be adapted to provide pressure vessels having a particular target value for the at least one mechanical property.

Adjusting the manufacture of the pressure vessel may include: adjusting a deposition position of fibrous material on the surface of the pressure vessel; adjusting a deposition rate of fibrous material on the surface of the pressure vessel; adjusting a property of the fiber material deposited on the surface of the pressure vessel; adjusting an amount of fibrous material deposited on the surface of the pressure vessel; adjusting a ply structure of layers of fibrous material deposited on the surface of the pressure vessel; the adaptation of a process, in particular a winding, a braiding and / or a tape-laying process, is deposited with the fiber material on the surface of the pressure vessel; and / or adjusting an orientation of the fiber material deposited on the surface of the pressure vessel.

One or more parameters of the production process of a pressure vessel can thus be adapted individually on the basis of the property data in order to ensure that the finished pressure vessel reaches the target value of the at least one mechanical property with as little material expenditure as possible (on average for a batch of pressure vessels). having. For example, the deposition rate may be reduced if the property data indicates that the partially fabricated pressure vessel has an actual mechanical property value that is relatively far removed from the mechanical property target value. Thus, the storage quality for the remaining production of the pressure vessel can be increased, which is typically advantageous in relation to the desired mechanical property of the pressure vessel.

As already stated above, the property data for a particular degree of production (eg, for a degree of production between 40% and 60%) of the partially manufactured pressure vessel can be determined. On the basis of the property data, a deviation of the actual value of the mechanical property from a reference value of the mechanical property can be determined. In this case, the reference value may indicate a value of the mechanical property that the partially manufactured pressure vessel should have at the particular manufacturing grade in order for the fully manufactured pressure vessel (when performing a standard manufacturing process) to reach the target value having mechanical property. The reference value can be determined in advance (eg by simulation and / or by statistical evaluation of a plurality of pressure vessels).

The further production of the pressure vessel can then be adjusted as a function of the deviation of the actual value from the reference value. The further production of the pressure vessel can be done deviating from the standard manufacturing process to compensate for the deviation of the actual value of the reference value at least partially. For example, the amount of fiber material to be deposited can be increased (as compared to the standard manufacturing process) if the actual value is less than the reference value. Alternatively or additionally, the deposition speed can be reduced (in comparison to the standard production process) if the actual value is smaller than the reference value. Alternatively or additionally, a layer structure with a relatively high contribution to the target value of the mechanical property can be selected if the actual value is smaller than the reference value. By taking into account a reference value, the accuracy of adjusting the production of a pressure vessel can be further increased.

The property data relating to the mechanical property can be determined in different directions, in particular in an axial and / or a tangential direction of the pressure vessel. In other words, property-dependent property data can be determined. The manufacture of the pressure vessel can then be adapted to the different directions. In particular, an adjustment with respect to an axial and / or a tangential direction of the pressure vessel can be made. Alternatively or additionally, the property data with respect to the mechanical properties of different regions or areas of the pressure vessel can be determined: For example, between a dome region or a curved (typically at least one end face of the pressure vessel) and the cylindrical portion of the pressure vessel be differentiated. The production of the pressure vessel can then be adapted for the different regions or area of the pressure vessel. By taking into account different directions and / or different regions or areas of the material consumption for the production of a pressure vessel can be further optimized.

The property data can be determined for several different manufacturing levels of the partially manufactured pressure vessel. In particular, characteristic data can be determined at different times in the production of a pressure vessel. The further production of the pressure vessel from the respective production degree can then be adjusted depending on the property data determined for the respective production degree. It can thus take place during the manufacture of a pressure vessel several times an adjustment of the production based on property data. Thus, the production of a pressure vessel can be further optimized.

According to a further aspect, a production system and / or a control unit for a production system for a pressure vessel, which are set up to carry out the method described in this document, is described.

It should be understood that the methods, devices and systems described herein may be used alone as well as in combination with other methods, devices and systems described in this document. Furthermore, any aspects of the methods, devices, and systems described herein may be combined in a variety of ways. In particular, the features of the claims can be combined in a variety of ways.

• 1 eine beispielhafte Druckbehälter-Anordnung in einem Fahrzeug;
• 2 einen Längsschnitt eines beispielhaften Druckbehälters;
• 3a und 3b beispielhafte Verläufe eines Eigenschaftswertes einer mechanischen Eigenschaft eines faserbasierten Druckbehälters während der Herstellung des Druckbehälters; und
• 4 ein Ablaufdiagramm eines beispielhaften Verfahrens zur Herstellung eines faserverstärkten Druckbehälters mit einem Zielwert für zumindest eine mechanische Eigenschaft.

Furthermore, the invention will be described in more detail with reference to exemplary embodiments. Show

• 1 an exemplary pressure vessel arrangement in a vehicle;
• 2 a longitudinal section of an exemplary pressure vessel;
• 3a and 3b exemplary courses of a property value of a mechanical property of a fiber-based pressure vessel during the manufacture of the pressure vessel; and
• 4 a flowchart of an exemplary method for producing a fiber-reinforced pressure vessel with a target value for at least one mechanical property.

As stated above, the present document is concerned with the production of a pressure, weight and space-efficient pressure vessel having a target value for at least one mechanical property (in particular the compressive strength). The present document is concerned in particular with a pressure vessel system (in particular a compressed hydrogen storage system (= CHS system)) for a motor vehicle. The pressure vessel system is used to store under ambient conditions gaseous fuel or fuel. The pressure vessel system can be used, for example, in a motor vehicle equipped with compressed ("Compressed Natural Gas "= CNG) or liquefied (LNG) natural gas or with hydrogen.

Such a pressure vessel system comprises at least one pressure vessel or pressure tank. The pressure vessel may be, for example, a cryogenic pressure vessel (= CcH2) or a high-pressure gas vessel (= CGH2).

High pressure gas containers are configured to store fuel substantially at ambient temperatures at a nominal operating pressure (also called nominal working pressure or NWP) of about 350 bar (= overpressure to atmospheric pressure), more preferably about 700 barg or more. A cryogenic pressure vessel is suitable to store the fuel or fuel at the aforementioned operating pressures even at temperatures that are well below the operating temperature of the motor vehicle.

1 shows an exemplary pressure vessel assembly 100 with a pressure tank or pressure vessel 110 which may be used to provide fuel (especially hydrogen) to a fuel consumer (eg, a fuel cell) 101 of a vehicle. The pressure vessel 110 is over a line 112 with the fuel consumer 101 connected.

The pressure vessel 110 can be on the front end pieces 111 . 114 exhibit in the manufacture of the pressure vessel 110 for holding the pressure vessel 110 can be used. Furthermore, on a tail 111 an opening can be provided by the fuel from the pressure vessel 110 can be performed (eg via a valve 115 to the line 112 ). At an opening of the pressure vessel 110 can also be a pressure relief device 113 can be arranged, which can trigger in the presence of a certain triggering condition (eg, when a certain temperature) to fuel from the pressure vessel 110 into the environment of the pressure vessel 110 let off, and so the pressure in the pressure vessel 110 to reduce.

As in 2 shown, can be a pressure vessel 110 a liner 201 include. The liner 201 forms the hollow body 210 from where the fuel is stored. The liner 201 may be made of aluminum or steel or their alloys, for example. Further preferably, the liner 201 be made of a plastic. It can also be a linerless pressure vessel 110 be provided.

A pressure vessel 110 typically includes at least one fiber reinforced layer 202 , The fiber reinforced layer 202 can a liner 201 at least partially preferably completely surrounded. The fiber reinforced layer 202 is often referred to as a laminate or sheathing or reinforcement. In this document, the term "fiber-reinforced layer" or "layer (s) with fibers" is most commonly used. As a fiber reinforced layer 202 usually fiber-reinforced plastics (also abbreviated FVK or FKV) are used, for example carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) and / or glass fiber reinforced plastics (GRP). A fiber reinforced layer 202 suitably comprises reinforcing fibers embedded in a plastic matrix. In particular, matrix material, type and proportion of reinforcing fibers and their orientation can be varied so that the desired mechanical and / or chemical properties are established. Preferably, continuous fibers are used as reinforcing fibers, which can be applied by winding and / or braiding. A fiber reinforced layer 202 usually has several (partial) layers or layers of fiber material.

In the production of the fiber reinforcement, ie during the winding or braiding process for the production of the fiber-reinforced layer 202 typically result in variations in the filing quality of the fibers. Preference is given to a continuous, parallel deposition of the fibers or filaments, wherein the filaments are typically oriented so that the filaments can optimally absorb the mechanical stresses in the finished fiber composite. This optimal filament course can be called ideal line or reference tray.

In the production of the fiber-reinforced layer 202 may result in more or less large deviations from the ideal line of the filaments. In particular, gaps between the filaments, crossings of the filaments (eg a so-called "bridging" in which parts of a filament are "hollow") or generally deviations from the ideal line are unfavorable for the compressive strength of the pressure vessel to be produced 110 ,

Due to the quality of the filing of the fibers in the production of the fiber-reinforced layer 202 a pressure vessel 110 Thus, one or more mechanical properties, in particular the compressive strength of the pressure vessel 110 to be influenced. In particular, a pressure vessel 110 have a reduced compressive strength, if the filing of the fibers deviates from the established ideal line.

The reinforcing fibers in the fiber reinforced reinforcement 202 a pressure vessel 110 are typically charged very differently. The inner peripheral layers are subjected to the highest load and therefore have the greatest influence on the bursting pressure of the pressure vessel 110 , pressure vessel 110 are typically made by winding, braiding and / or tape laying from the inside out so that the fiber layers that have the greatest impact on the pressure resistance of the pressure vessel 110 have, first on the liner 201 (or on the winding core, wicker core, storage core) are applied.

The quality and / or mechanical properties (eg strength, rigidity) of the fibers used for the manufacture of the pressure vessel 110 can be subject to substantial fluctuations. Furthermore, fluctuations can occur in the production of the fiber reinforcement (in particular by the winding or braiding process). These variations in the mechanical properties of the fibers and / or the manufacturing process may have one or more mechanical properties, in particular the compressive strength, of a pressure vessel 110 influence.

When approving a pressure vessel 110 typically have certain bursting pressures (eg burst pressures greater than 2.25 x nominal pressure of the pressure vessel 110 ) be detected. It is typically accompanied by production for a certain proportion of the pressure vessels produced 110 the bursting pressure is determined. For all finished pressure vessels 110 A pressure test with a reduced test pressure (eg 1.5 x nominal pressure) can be carried out.

For a batch of pressure vessels produced 110 can only work for a fraction of the pressure vessels produced 110 the bursting pressure is actually determined by bursting tests. If the burst pressure requirement is undershot, typically the entire batch of pressure vessels must be used 110 be destroyed. For this reason, the design of a pressure vessel 110 typically designed such that, taking into account the different factors influencing the production of the pressure vessel 110 with high probability the bursting pressure requirements are met. As a result, the cost of materials for most pressure vessels 110 a batch typically higher than actually necessary. That is, there is additional material on a pressure vessel 110 To achieve the mechanical requirements of most pressure vessels 110 not necessary. The pressure vessels 110 thus tend to have high material costs, too high a weight and too large dimensions.

3a shows exemplary courses 304 . 305 the property value 301 a mechanical property of a pressure vessel 110 as a function of a degree 302 the amount of fibers applied (ie as a function of a grade of production 302 ). In particular shows 3a a reference history 304 the property value 301 in the event that the fibers correspond to a reference or ideal line on the pressure vessel 110 be applied. Further shows 3a an actual course 305 the property value 301 in the event that the fibers are applied at least partially deviating from the reference line. Out 3a it can be seen that at a certain degree 303 the applied fiber amount of the property value 301 the actual course 305 by Δ below or below the property value 301 of the reference history 304 remains. As a result, the pressure vessel points 110 even at 100% of the applied fiber amount does not have the target property value of 100%. By applying an additional amount Z of fibers, however, it can be achieved that the mechanical property of the pressure vessel 110 brought to the target property value of 100%.

3b shows in a corresponding manner a reference curve 304 and an actual history 306 , By adjusting the filing process of the fibers (in particular by reducing the filing speed of the fibers), a deviation Δ between the reference curve detected in the meantime is brought about 304 and actual course 306 is compensated again.

• • Bilddaten, die die Ablageposition von Fasern in der faserverstärkten Schicht 202 während des Ablageprozesses anzeigen; die Bilddaten können insbesondere eine Abweichung der Ablageposition von einer Referenzposition anzeigen;
• • Sensordaten in Bezug auf das Dehnungsverhalten und/oder die Steifigkeit des Druckbehälters 110 während des Ablageprozesses;
• • Bilddaten in Bezug auf die Qualität der Fasern bzw. Faserbündel, die für die faserverstärkte Schicht 202 abgelegt werden; und/oder
• • Sensordaten in Bezug auf das Dehnungsverhalten und/oder die Steifigkeit der in der faserverstärkten Schicht 202 abgelegten Fasern bzw. Faserbündel.

To optimize the filing process, property data, in particular sensor data, in relation to the property value can be used during the filing process 301 a mechanical property (eg the compressive strength) of a pressure vessel 110 be determined. Exemplary property data is

• • Image data showing the placement position of fibers in the fiber reinforced layer 202 during the filing process; the image data may in particular indicate a deviation of the storage position from a reference position;
• • Sensor data relating to the expansion behavior and / or the rigidity of the pressure vessel 110 during the filing process;
• Image data relating to the quality of the fibers or fiber bundles, that for the fiber-reinforced layer 202 be filed; and or
• Sensor data relating to the expansion behavior and / or stiffness of the fiber-reinforced layer 202 deposited fibers or fiber bundles.

On the basis of the property data, for example, an actual property value can be determined by means of a model 301 the mechanical property can be estimated. This actual property value 301 can with a reference property value 301 for the current production degree 302 . 303 of the pressure vessel 110 be compared. The further manufacturing process of the pressure vessel 110 can then in Dependency on the property data, in particular depending on the comparison between the actual property value 301 and the reference property value 301 , be adjusted. So can be achieved that for every single pressure vessel 110 the target property value is optimally achieved, in particular with the respective minimum amount of fibers.

Ideally, it will be on every pressure vessel 110 (Eg by winding and / or braiding and / or tape-laying) applied just enough material that the mechanical requirements (especially the bursting pressure requirement) are just barely fulfilled. Since the quality of the fiber deposit can vary as described above, during the production of a specific pressure vessel 110 the for this particular pressure vessel 110 Specifically to be used amount of material to be determined. The concrete amount of material to be used may vary depending on property data (eg, strength) with respect to the still incomplete pressure vessel 110 be carried out, the property data depends in particular on the quality of the fiber storage.

Even with an ideal fiber deposition, the mechanical properties (in particular the bursting pressure) of the (still incompletely provided with fiber reinforcement) pressure vessel change 110 with the progress of the fiber storage (see the reference history 304 in 3a ). The liner 201 Without Faserarmierung has only the bursting pressure of the liner 201 on (with a plastic liner, this bursting pressure is typically between 6 and 12 bar). The pressure vessel, which is completely provided with fiber reinforcement, exhibits the target bursting pressure (after hardening of the matrix) (in the case of a hydrogen pressure vessel 110 for a nominal pressure of 700 bar, the target burst pressure is typically greater than 1575 bar). A pressure vessel provided with a part of the fiber reinforcement 110 has (after cure of the matrix) thus a bursting pressure which is between the liner bursting pressure and the target bursting pressure. This connection 304 between progress 302 The fiber application and the mechanical properties (for example the bursting pressure) for ideal fiber deposition can be determined experimentally and / or by simulation (in particular by finite element modeling), and as a reference curve 304 one or more mechanical properties are provided.

In order to take into account the non-ideal fiber deposits occurring under production conditions, the quality of the fiber deposit can be determined and recorded repeatedly (eg continuously) during application of the fiber reinforcement. Property data can thus be determined or recorded during the application of the fiber reinforcement. Similar to ideal fiber deposition, even for faulty, real fiber deposition from the recorded fiber deposition quality (ie, from the property data), the mechanical properties can be predicted based on simulation or experimental data obtained in the past. It can thus be an actual course 305 . 306 the one or more mechanical properties are determined.

Typically, for the real fiber deposit (actual course 305 . 306 ) compared to the ideal fiber deposition (reference curve 304 ) for a certain degree of production 302 the fiber application achieved by the amount Δ lower mechanical properties. How out 3a recognizable, remains in non-ideal fiber storage (actual course 305 ) even after application of 100% of the amount of fiber, with an ideal fiber deposition (reference curve 304 ) leads to achievement of the target value of the mechanical properties, typically a failure of the target value of the mechanical properties.

In order to achieve this target value despite non-ideal fiber deposition, the amount of fiber to be applied can be increased by the value Z (as in 3a shown). As a result, the target value for the mechanical properties can be achieved even in the case of non-ideal fiber deposition.

Specifically, the additional amount of fiber Z may consist of additional winding and / or braiding and / or tape layers. In this case, the additional fiber material possibly locally to the pressure vessel 110 be applied. It can, for example, between the axial (longitudinal) and the tangential (circumferential direction) properties of the pressure vessel 110 be differentiated and / or between the dome areas of the pressure vessel 110 and the cylindrical portion of the pressure vessel 110 Depending on the direction and / or region, amplification with an additional amount of fiber can thus be effected only where the gain is sufficient to achieve the one or more target values for the one or more mechanical properties of the pressure vessel 110 is required.

It may, for example, determine and record the storage quality with local resolution within the fiber reinforcement of a pressure vessel 110 respectively. It can then be caused by a non-ideal winding tray vulnerability of the pressure vessel 110 detected and corrected locally by a (directly or indirectly) overlying layer. A local weak point can arise, for example, if a filament during deposition by reaching the end of the coil and the subsequent necessary bobbin change is interrupted and thus not consistent. The additional expense of material can be optimally adapted to a pressure vessel by the repeated acquisition of characteristic data and by the adaptation of the production process 110 be adapted so that the required amount of material can be reduced on average. Furthermore, the efficiency of the fiber use can be increased.

In general, the application of the additional material Z can be distributed during the fiber reinforcement, for example, whenever a deviation Δ of the actual values 301 the one or more mechanical properties of the reference values 301 is recognized. Alternatively, the filler material Z may not be applied until the end of the fiber application to achieve the target value of the one or more mechanical properties.

Alternatively or in addition to the adaptive increase in the use of material, one or more other manufacturing parameters may be used in the manufacture of a pressure vessel 110 be adapted, in particular, the filing speed of fiber material can be adjusted. To increase productivity, a relatively high filing speed can be selected. However, by increasing the filing speed, filing quality may be impaired. If a relatively high deposition speed is used as the basis for an "ideal" fiber deposition, a "super-ideal" fiber deposition can be achieved by reducing the deposition rate. Although a reduction in deposition rate is detrimental to productivity, it may be advantageous in terms of achieving the target value of the one or more mechanical properties (alternatively or in addition to the use of additive material Z). This is schematically in 3b shown. At a certain level of production 303 In the case of fiber deposition, where a deviation Δ of the mechanical properties between "ideal" fiber deposit and real fiber deposit is recognized, the deposit speed can be reduced in order to achieve a "more than ideal" fiber deposit. This can be seen by a, compared to the "ideal" fiber deposition, higher slope of the actual course 306 , Thus, the target value of the one or more mechanical properties can be achieved without an additional effort Z on fiber material being used. On the other hand, thereby the production time of a pressure vessel 110 elevated.

The certification of a pressure vessel 110 may require a defined layer structure. For this reason, a certain number N of different layer structures can be defined (eg the layer structures A, B, C), which are each certified. Assign the inner layers of a pressure vessel 110 (at a certain degree of production 303 ), for example, a below-average storage quality, so that the pressure vessel 110 has below average mechanical properties, then the requirements for the pressure vessel 110 be ensured by a particularly material-intensive structure A for the Restarmierung with FVK (fiber reinforced plastic). In contrast, the inner layers have an above-average storage quality (eg an ideal fiber deposit), so that the pressure vessel 110 has above average mechanical properties, so can the requirements of the fixed pressure vessel 110 already be ensured with a particularly material-saving structure C for the FRP Restarmierung. If the inner layers have an average filing quality and average mechanical properties, then the requirements for the finished pressure vessel can be met 110 be ensured by an average material-intensive structure B for FVK Restarmierung.

As described above, if necessary, in addition to the filing quality, the quality of the fiber material may vary. In addition, further variations in the manufacture of a pressure vessel 110 occur. Ideally, therefore, during the manufacture of a pressure vessel 110 , depending on the strength of the still incomplete pressure vessel 110 (ie, depending on the property data) used for this pressure vessel 110 amount of material to be used.

In an optionally iterative process, for example, by braiding and / or winding and / or tape laying a part of the fiber reinforcement of a pressure vessel 110 be applied. In particular, under the internal pressure most heavily loaded inner peripheral layers of the pressure vessel 110 be applied. Depending on the resin used (eg, thermoset, thermoplastic) and / or depending on the nature of the application of the resin to the fibers (eg, wet-winding, prepreg, dry fiber application, and subsequent resin impregnation), resin application and / or partial or partial resin deposition steps may be employed complete) curing. It can thus be part of the fiber-reinforced layer 202 a pressure vessel 110 produced to a certain degree of production 303 ,

It can then property data, in particular sensor data, with respect to one or more mechanical properties of the still incomplete pressure vessel 110 be determined. For example, the strain (eg, a coefficient of expansion) of the pressure vessel 110 depending on the internal pressure of the pressure vessel 110 be determined. The pressure-dependent expansion of the pressure vessel 110 can be detected optically, for example by (stereo) camera and / or laser scanning. Advantageous is the use of the possibility to apply the internal pressure, the pressure vessels 110 (especially in Type IV pressure vessels) during fiber application typically already anyway to stabilize the plastic liner 201 is used.

Based on the determined property data, the required one or more mechanical properties of the still missing FRP reinforcement can be determined such that the target values of the one or more mechanical properties of the overall pressure vessel 110 be fulfilled. Based on the required values of the one or more mechanical properties of the still missing FRP reinforcement, a layer structure of the still missing FRP residual reinforcement can then be determined. For example, a predefined layer structure (eg layer structure A, B or C) can be selected. It can then be applied to the still missing FRP Restarmierung or part of the FRP Restarmierung. If only part of the FRP residual reinforcement is applied, the procedure can be repeated to re-adjust the pending build-up.

4 shows a flowchart of an exemplary method 400 for producing a fiber reinforced pressure vessel 110 , The procedure 400 includes determining 401 characteristic data regarding at least one mechanical property of the partially manufactured pressure vessel 110 , In particular, characteristic data can be determined which indicate how high the bursting pressure of the partially manufactured pressure vessel 110 is (or will probably be). The procedure 400 further includes customization 402 the further production of the pressure vessel 110 depending on the property data.

By (possibly repeated and preferably continuously taking place, and / or ongoing) review of fiber deposition quality in the course of the production process of a pressure vessel 110 and / or by the (possibly repeated) determination of the one or more mechanical properties of the still incomplete FRP reinforcement of the pressure vessel 110 Already before completion of the pressure vessel 110 further information regarding the mechanical properties of the pressure vessel 110 to be provided. In particular, the one or more mechanical properties of the inner peripheral layers of the pressure vessel may be relatively isolated 110 be determined.

By using the information (ie the property data) on the one or more mechanical properties of the incomplete FRP reinforcement, the minimum bursting pressure of a pressure vessel can 110 be achieved with increased reliability and / or reduced material costs. Thus, the risk of spoiling an entire batch of pressure vessels 110 be reduced due to a failed burst attempt. Furthermore, the cost of additional material and / or additional production time, for example in containers with a relatively good storage quality and / or with relatively good mechanical properties can be reduced.

The present invention is not limited to the embodiments shown. In particular, it should be noted that the description and figures are intended to illustrate only the principle of the proposed methods, apparatus and systems.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

100

Pressure vessel arrangement

101

Fuel consumers

110

pressure vessel

111, 114

tail

112

management

113

Pressure relief device

115

Valve

201

liner

202

fiber reinforced layer

210

cavity

301

Property value of a mechanical property

302, 303

Production degree of a pressure vessel

304

Reference history of the property value

305, 306

Actual history of the property value

400

Method for producing a pressure vessel

401, 402

steps

Claims (10)

Method (400) of making a fiber reinforced pressure vessel (110); the method comprising (400) - determining (401) property data relating to at least one mechanical property of the partially fabricated pressure vessel (110); and - adjusting (402) the further production of the pressure vessel (110) in dependence on the property data. Method (400) according to Claim 1 in which - for the production of the pressure vessel (110), fiber material for a pressure vessel wall is gradually applied to the pressure vessel (110); and - the application of the fiber material is adjusted depending on the property data. Method (400) according to Claim 2 wherein, depending on the characteristic data, a layer structure of the fiber material is selected from a plurality of predefined layer structures for the further production of the pressure container (110). Method (400) according to Claim 3 wherein - the plurality of ply assemblies comprise a first ply structure having a relatively high contribution to a target mechanical property and a second ply construction having a relatively low contribution to the target mechanical property; the first layer structure is selected for the further production of the pressure vessel (110) if the property data indicates that the mechanical property of the partially fabricated pressure vessel (110) is relatively far from the target value; and - the second layer structure is selected for further manufacturing the pressure vessel (110) when the property data indicates that the mechanical property of the partially fabricated pressure vessel (110) is relatively close to the target value. Method (400) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the property data comprise Sensor data indicating a deposition position of fibrous material on a surface of the partially fabricated pressure vessel (110); Sensor data indicating a deviation of the deposition position of fiber material from a reference position on the surface of the partially fabricated pressure vessel (110); Sensor data relating to the fiber material applied to the surface of the partially fabricated pressure vessel (110); Image data relating to the surface of the partially fabricated pressure vessel (110); and or - Sensor data indicating a strain behavior, in particular a coefficient of expansion and / or rigidity, of the partially manufactured pressure vessel (110). The method (400) of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the mechanical property comprises a burst pressure of the partially fabricated pressure vessel (110). Method (400) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein - the property data are determined for a particular manufacturing grade (303) of the partially fabricated pressure vessel (110); the method (400) comprises determining, on the basis of the property data, a deviation of an actual value of the mechanical property from a reference value of the mechanical property; the reference value indicates a value of the mechanical property that the partially fabricated pressure vessel (110) should have at the particular manufacturing grade (303) for the fully manufactured pressure vessel (110) to have a target mechanical property value; and - The further production of the pressure vessel (110) is adjusted in dependence on the deviation of the actual value of the reference value. The method (400) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the adjusting comprises the production of the pressure vessel (110), - Adjusting a storage position of fiber material on a surface of the pressure vessel (110); - Adjusting a deposition speed of fiber material on the surface of the pressure vessel (110); - adjusting a property of the fiber material deposited on the surface of the pressure vessel (110); - adjusting an amount of fiber material deposited on the surface of the pressure vessel (110); - adjusting a layer structure of layers of fibrous material which are deposited on the surface of the pressure vessel (110); - Adapting a process, in particular a winding, a braiding and / or a tape-laying process, is deposited with the fiber material on the surface of the pressure vessel (110); and or - Adjusting an orientation of the fiber material, which is deposited on the surface of the pressure vessel (110). Method (400) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein Property data relating to the mechanical property in different directions, in particular in an axial and a tangential direction, and / or for different areas of the pressure vessel (110) are determined; and - The production of the pressure vessel (110) is adjusted with respect to the different directions and / or the different areas. Method (400) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein - the characteristic data for a plurality of different production degrees (302, 303) of the partially manufactured pressure vessel (110) are determined; and - the further production of the pressure vessel (110) from the respective production degree (302, 303) is adjusted as a function of the property data determined for the respective production degree (302, 303).

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