DE102017127626A1 - Method for controlling the afterburning of waste gases resulting from the production of steel and non-ferrous metals - Google Patents
Method for controlling the afterburning of waste gases resulting from the production of steel and non-ferrous metals Download PDFInfo
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- DE102017127626A1 DE102017127626A1 DE102017127626.2A DE102017127626A DE102017127626A1 DE 102017127626 A1 DE102017127626 A1 DE 102017127626A1 DE 102017127626 A DE102017127626 A DE 102017127626A DE 102017127626 A1 DE102017127626 A1 DE 102017127626A1
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- metallurgical furnace
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
- F23G7/06—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
- C21C5/30—Regulating or controlling the blowing
- C21C5/305—Afterburning
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
- C21C5/38—Removal of waste gases or dust
- C21C5/40—Offtakes or separating apparatus for converter waste gases or dust
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
- C21C5/42—Constructional features of converters
- C21C5/46—Details or accessories
- C21C5/4673—Measuring and sampling devices
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D19/00—Arrangements of controlling devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
- F27D3/0025—Charging or loading melting furnaces with material in the solid state
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B7/00—Blast furnaces
- C21B7/002—Evacuating and treating of exhaust gases
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
- C21C2005/5288—Measuring or sampling devices
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C2100/00—Exhaust gas
- C21C2100/02—Treatment of the exhaust gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D19/00—Arrangements of controlling devices
- F27D2019/0028—Regulation
- F27D2019/0031—Regulation through control of the flow of the exhaust gases
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D19/00—Arrangements of controlling devices
- F27D2019/0028—Regulation
- F27D2019/0034—Regulation through control of a heating quantity such as fuel, oxidant or intensity of current
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D19/00—Arrangements of controlling devices
- F27D2019/0028—Regulation
- F27D2019/0071—Regulation using position sensors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D19/00—Arrangements of controlling devices
- F27D2019/0028—Regulation
- F27D2019/0075—Regulation of the charge quantity
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D21/00—Arrangements of monitoring devices; Arrangements of safety devices
- F27D21/0028—Devices for monitoring the level of the melt
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Abstract
Verfahren zur Optimierung der Nachverbrennung von bei der Herstellung von Stahl- und Eisenlegierungen und Nichteisenmetallen sowie deren Legierungen aus entsprechenden Ausgangsmaterial in einem metallurgischen Ofen anfallenden Abgasen.Das Ausgangsmaterial wird so weit in den metallurgischen Ofen zwischen der Oberfläche des Ausgangsmaterials und der Oberkante des metallurgischen Ofens chargiert, bis ein vorbestimmter Freiraum mit einem vorbestimmten Volumen erreicht wird, sodann der metallurgische Ofen mit einer Abgasabzugshaube abgedeckt wird und der Schmelzvorgang gestartet wird, wobei so lange Ausgangsmaterial in den metallurgischen Ofen nachchargiert wird, bis der vorbestimmte Freiraum zwischen der Oberfläche der aus dem Ausgangsmaterial bestehenden Schmelze oder Schlacke und der Oberkante des metallurgischen Ofens erreicht wird und die Pegelhöhe der Schmelze oder der Schlacke im metallurgischen Ofen mittels Radarabstandsmessung oder Laserabstandsmessungen online geregelt wird.Method for optimizing the post-combustion of exhaust gases resulting from the production of steel and iron alloys and non-ferrous metals and their alloys from respective starting material in a metallurgical furnace. The starting material is charged in the metallurgical furnace between the surface of the starting material and the upper edge of the metallurgical furnace until a predetermined clearance of a predetermined volume is reached, then the metallurgical furnace is covered with an exhaust hood and the melting process is started, as long as the starting material is recharged into the metallurgical furnace until the predetermined clearance between the surface of the starting material Melt or slag and the top of the metallurgical furnace is reached and the level height of the melt or slag in the metallurgical furnace by means of radar distance measurement or laser distance measurements is controlled online.
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Regelung der Nachverbrennung von bei der Herstellung von Stahl- und Eisenlegierungen und Nichteisenmetallen sowie deren Legierungen in einem metallurgischen Ofen anfallenden Abgasen.The present invention relates to a method for controlling the afterburning of waste gases resulting from the production of steel and iron alloys and non-ferrous metals and their alloys in a metallurgical furnace.
Bei der Produktion von Stahl / Eisen bzw. Buntmetall und deren Legierungen entstehen, bei den hierfür zur Verfügung stehenden Öfen und Verfahren, naturgemäß auch Abgase. Einige von diesen Abgasen sind brennbar und entzünden sich erst, wenn die benötigte Verbrennungstemperatur vorhanden ist. Um die gesamten ausströmenden Brenngase mit Luftsauerstoff zu durchmischen und dem Verbrennungsprozess die notwendige Zeit zur Verfügung zu stellen, werden diese im oberen Bereich des Ofens in der sogenannten Nachverbrennungszone in einem heißen Bereich gehalten und eventuell nochmals mit Sekundärluft vermischt. Hierdurch wird die Verbrennung der noch unverbrannten Anteile des Abgases erreicht, was wiederum mit einer Verringerung an unerwünschten Emissionen verbunden ist.In the production of steel / iron or non-ferrous metals and their alloys, of course, exhaust gases also occur in the furnaces and processes available for this purpose. Some of these exhaust gases are flammable and ignite only when the required combustion temperature is present. In order to mix the entire outflowing fuel gases with atmospheric oxygen and to provide the necessary time for the combustion process, these are kept in the upper region of the furnace in the so-called post-combustion zone in a hot region and possibly mixed again with secondary air. As a result, the combustion of the still unburned portions of the exhaust gas is achieved, which in turn is associated with a reduction in undesirable emissions.
In allen metallurgischen Öfen, bei denen eine Nachverbrennung und/oder Rückoxidation der Abgase stattfindet, kommt es zu einer unvollständigen Verbrennung der brennbaren Anteile dieser Abgase. Die nicht verbrannten Anteile des Abgases sowie die nicht verbrannten festen Bestandteile gelangen somit in das Gaskühlungs- bzw. Gasreinigungssystem. Insbesondere bei der Herstellung von TiO2, FeCr, FeMn, FeNi, Cu-, Zn-, Pb-, As- haltiger Schlacken oder bei Prozessen, bei denen die festen Komponenten aufgrund der vorherrschenden extrem hohen Temperaturen in einen gasförmigen Aggregatzustand übergehen können (Stichwort: Mg-Gas, SiO-Gas), gelangen die nicht verbrannten Bestandteile bzw. die sich im gasförmigen Aggregatzustand befindlichen aber ansonsten festen Bestandteile in das den metallurgischen Öfen nachgeschaltete Abgaskühl- und Reinigungssystem, wo sie wieder kondensieren und als Feststoff ausfallen. Dies hat zur Folge, dass die Abgaskühl- und Reinigungssysteme mit Feststoffen zugesetzt werden und nicht mehr effizient arbeiten können.In all metallurgical furnaces in which an afterburning and / or reoxidation of the exhaust gases takes place, incomplete combustion of the combustible components of these exhaust gases occurs. The unburned portions of the exhaust gas and the unburned solid components thus enter the gas cooling or gas purification system. In particular, in the production of TiO 2 , FeCr, FeMn, FeNi, Cu, Zn, Pb, As containing slags or in processes in which the solid components can go into a gaseous state of matter due to the prevailing extremely high temperatures (keyword : Mg gas, SiO gas), get the unburned components or in the gaseous state but otherwise solid constituents in the metallurgical furnaces downstream exhaust gas cooling and purification system where they condense again and precipitate as a solid. As a result, the exhaust cooling and cleaning systems are added to solids and can no longer operate efficiently.
Auch müssen die Stahlhersteller mit steigenden Kosten und strengen umweltrechtlichen Regelungen zurechtkommen. Eine Steigerung der Energieeffizienz, beispielsweise im LBO (Lichtbogenofen) durch eine Reduzierung der Kühlungs- und Abgasverluste, kann helfen die Abgaswerte soweit zu verbessern, um den Bestimmungen gerecht zu werden. Dieses wird beispielsweise erreicht, indem die Verbrennung des im Ofengefäß vorhandenen CO und H2 verbessert wird. Hierzu werden die Abgase länger in der für die Nachverbrennung notwendigen heißen Zone gehalten.The steel manufacturers also have to cope with rising costs and strict environmental regulations. An increase in energy efficiency, for example, in the LBO (electric arc furnace) by reducing the cooling and exhaust gas losses, can help to improve the emission levels as far as possible to meet the regulations. This is achieved, for example, by improving the combustion of CO and H2 present in the furnace vessel. For this purpose, the exhaust gases are kept longer in the hot zone necessary for afterburning.
Es hat sich gezeigt, dass die Nachverbrennung in den eingesetzten Öfen niemals stabil ist, sondern im Gegenteil auch sehr eruptiv erfolgen kann. Eine Nachverbrennung außerhalb des Ofens erfordert ein Mehr an nachgeschaltetem Equipment (Temperatur, Schwankungen). Zudem kommt es vermehrt zu einem erhöhten Anstieg an CO und sonstigen unerwünschten Prozessgasen. Die flüchtigen Bestandteile kondensieren und setzen sich in der Abgasaufbereitung ab und das häufig an Stellen, die unzugänglich und schwer zu warten sind. Zudem gefährdet entweichendes Gas (CO, As) die Gesundheit der Operatoren. Bei Lufteintritt in den Ofen durch Spalten, Fugen und Löchern kann es lokal zu extremen Temperaturanstiegen kommen, was zu Beschädigungen am Ofen führt.It has been shown that the afterburning in the furnaces used is never stable, but on the contrary can also be very eruptive. Post-combustion outside the furnace requires more downstream equipment (temperature, fluctuations). In addition, there is an increasing increase in CO and other undesirable process gases. The volatiles condense and settle in the exhaust gas treatment, often in places that are inaccessible and difficult to maintain. In addition, escaping gas (CO, As) endangers the health of the operators. As the air enters the oven through gaps, joints and holes, extreme temperature rises can occur locally, resulting in damage to the oven.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es ein Verfahren zur Verfügung zu stellen, mit dem die Nachverbrennung in einem metallurgischen Ofen während des Schmelzprozesses reguliert werden kann.The object of the present invention is to provide a method by which afterburning in a metallurgical furnace can be regulated during the melting process.
Diese Aufgabe wird ausgehend vom Oberbegriff durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens sind Gegenstand von Unteransprüchen.This object is achieved starting from the preamble by the characterizing features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the method according to the invention are the subject of subclaims.
Dabei wird das Ausgangsmaterial so weit in den metallurgischen Ofen zwischen der Oberfläche des Ausgangsmaterials und der Oberkante des metallurgischen Ofens chargiert, bis ein vorbestimmter Freiraum mit einem vorbestimmten Volumen im metallurgischen Ofen erreicht ist, sodann wird der metallurgische Ofen mit einer Abgasabzugshaube abgedeckt und der Schmelzvorgang wird gestartet, wobei solange Ausgangsmaterial in den metallurgischen Ofen nachchargiert wird, bis der vorbestimmte Freiraum zwischen der Oberfläche der aus dem Ausgangsmaterial bestehenden Schmelze oder Schlacke und der Oberkante des metallurgischen Ofens erreicht wird, wobei die Pegelhöhe der Schmelze oder der Schlacke im metallurgischen Ofen mittels Radarabstandsmessung oder Laserabstandsmessungen online geregelt wird, und das Ausgangsmaterial entsprechend der Pegelhöhe im metallurgischen Ofen nachchargiert wird, sodass der Freiraum im metallurgischen Ofen mit seinem vorbestimmten Volumen konstant gehalten wird.At this time, the raw material is charged in the metallurgical furnace between the surface of the raw material and the upper edge of the metallurgical furnace until a predetermined clearance of a predetermined volume in the metallurgical furnace is reached, then the metallurgical furnace is covered with an exhaust hood and the melting process is performed starting, with as long as starting material in the metallurgical furnace is recharged until the predetermined clearance between the surface of the starting material consisting of melt or slag and the upper edge of the metallurgical furnace is reached, the level of the melt or slag in the metallurgical furnace by radar distance measurement or Laser distance measurements are regulated online, and the starting material is recharged according to the level height in the metallurgical furnace, so that the free space in the metallurgical furnace is kept constant with its predetermined volume.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird mittels Radarmessung die Pegelhöhe zwischen der Schmelze oder der Schlacke und der Oberkante des metallurgischen Ofens online bestimmt und in Abhängigkeit von der ermittelten Pegelhöhe das Freiraumvolumen bestimmt und entsprechend das Ausgangsmaterial zur Schmelze nachchargiert und zwar derart, dass das Freiraumvolumen im metallurgischen Ofen dabei konstant gehalten wird.In an advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention the level height between the melt or slag and the upper edge of the metallurgical furnace is determined online by means of radar measurement and depending on the determined level height determines the free space volume and recharges the starting material to the melt in such a way that the free space volume kept constant in the metallurgical furnace.
Gemäß einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens soll bei einer Überschreitung der Pegelhöhe das Nachchargieren von Ausgangsmaterial eingestellt werden und eine entsprechende Menge an Schlacke oder Schmelze wird aus dem metallurgischen Ofen abgestochen, bis die Pegelhöhe an Schmelze oder Schlacke im metallurgischen Ofen die vorbestimmte Höhe und somit das vorbestimmte Freivolumen wieder erreicht hat.According to a further advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention should be set at a level exceeding the Nachbehgieren starting material and a corresponding amount of slag or melt is tapped from the metallurgical furnace until the level of melt or slag in the metallurgical furnace, the predetermined height and thus has reached the predetermined free volume again.
Der Freiraum wird als Prozessraum genutzt, in dem die beim Schmelzprozess anfallenden Abgase kontrolliert nachverbrannt werden.The open space is used as a process room in which the exhaust gases produced during the melting process are burned off in a controlled manner.
Die beim Schmelzprozess entstehenden Abgase werden in Abhängigkeit von der Menge des eingesetzten Ausgangsmaterials und des vorhandenen Freiraumvolumens im metallurgischen Ofen so gesteuert, dass der Volumenstrom an Abgas konstant gehalten wird.The exhaust gases produced during the melting process are controlled in dependence on the amount of starting material used and the existing free space volume in the metallurgical furnace so that the volume flow of exhaust gas is kept constant.
Durch Einblasen von Luft oder anderen reaktiven Gasen aus parallelen Schmelzprozessen in den Freiraum des metallurgischen Ofens erfolgt eine Erhöhung der Nachverbrennungstemperatur.By blowing air or other reactive gases from parallel melting processes into the free space of the metallurgical furnace, the post-combustion temperature is increased.
Claims (6)
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102017127626.2A DE102017127626A1 (en) | 2017-11-22 | 2017-11-22 | Method for controlling the afterburning of waste gases resulting from the production of steel and non-ferrous metals |
PCT/EP2018/080603 WO2019101535A1 (en) | 2017-11-22 | 2018-11-08 | Method for controlling the post-combustion of waste gases arising during the production of steel and non-ferrous metals |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102017127626.2A DE102017127626A1 (en) | 2017-11-22 | 2017-11-22 | Method for controlling the afterburning of waste gases resulting from the production of steel and non-ferrous metals |
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DE102017127626A1 true DE102017127626A1 (en) | 2019-05-23 |
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DE102017127626.2A Withdrawn DE102017127626A1 (en) | 2017-11-22 | 2017-11-22 | Method for controlling the afterburning of waste gases resulting from the production of steel and non-ferrous metals |
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WO (1) | WO2019101535A1 (en) |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0637634A1 (en) * | 1993-08-04 | 1995-02-08 | Voest-Alpine Industrieanlagenbau Gmbh | Process for producing a metal melt |
EP1054223A1 (en) * | 1999-05-18 | 2000-11-22 | Dieter Schmidt | Rotary drum furnace for smelting metals, in particular aluminium |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AT401528B (en) * | 1990-07-26 | 1996-09-25 | Seirlehner Leopold Dipl Ing | METHOD FOR MELTING STEEL FROM SCRAP AND / OR METAL-CONTAINING WASTE-LIKE MATERIALS |
AT400245B (en) * | 1993-12-10 | 1995-11-27 | Voest Alpine Ind Anlagen | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR PRODUCING A MELTING IRON |
US7514033B1 (en) * | 2006-05-02 | 2009-04-07 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Molten metal level burner output control for aluminum melt furnace |
-
2017
- 2017-11-22 DE DE102017127626.2A patent/DE102017127626A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2018
- 2018-11-08 WO PCT/EP2018/080603 patent/WO2019101535A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0637634A1 (en) * | 1993-08-04 | 1995-02-08 | Voest-Alpine Industrieanlagenbau Gmbh | Process for producing a metal melt |
EP1054223A1 (en) * | 1999-05-18 | 2000-11-22 | Dieter Schmidt | Rotary drum furnace for smelting metals, in particular aluminium |
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