DE102017122020A1 - explosion machine - Google Patents

Abstract

An explosion engine (1), comprising an explosion chamber (15) for receiving a fuel or fuel-gas mixture, is characterized in view of the task of providing a most efficient explosion engine, by which losses can be minimized and a significant reduction in exhaust gas can be achieved in that the explosion space (15) for releasing the explosion energy or the explosion pulse is openable and / or resolvable by a movable flap (30), the flap (30) being inflatable by the explosion pulse.

Description

The invention relates to an explosion machine according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

The prior art discloses explosion engines designed as motors in which an ignitable mixture of fuel and air is burnt. The resulting energy is used to activate pistons or runners, which transmit their lifting or rotational movement, for example by means of a crankshaft, to mechanical means of movement.

The operating principle of the gasoline engine known from the prior art is based on a known manner that a movable within a cylinder piston sucks air during its stroke, compressed and then converts the energy of explosion in a movement. For this purpose, the piston is in operative connection with a crankshaft.

In a prior art four-stroke engine, at the beginning of the first stroke, the piston is at top dead center. During its downward stroke, a gas mixture or air is sucked into the cylinder via an open inlet valve, for which purpose the outlet valve is closed. Upon reaching the bottom dead center, the inlet valve is closed again, whereby the first cycle is completed.

In the course of the second cycle, the piston moves back to top dead center. The mixture in the cylinder is compressed. Shortly before reaching top dead center, the ignition is triggered in the gasoline engine and the third cycle, the actual power stroke, is initiated. The piston is urged by the explosion energy back to its bottom dead center and transmits its kinetic energy to the crankshaft.

In the now following fourth stroke, while the piston is moving up again, the exhaust gases are forced out of the cylinder through the opened exhaust valve.

All cycles are realized by means of a camshaft and a valve control in response to corresponding timing. The gasoline engine is so far representative of the state of the art.

A disadvantage of the prior art is that all steps take place by one and the same motion actuator, in the specific case by the cylinder. This not only results in sub-optimal combustion, but also results in extreme inefficiency. In addition, the respective operating status, the type of power required and other parameters must be taken into account continuously. The sum of many compromises results in a significant reduction in the efficiency of explosion engines.

The invention is therefore based on the object to provide a most efficient explosion machine through which losses can be minimized and a significant reduction in exhaust gas can be achieved.

The present invention achieves the aforementioned object by the features of patent claim 1.

According to the invention, an explosion space is created, which can be closed tightly by a flap which can be pushed open by the explosion pulse. After filling the explosion chamber with an ignitable mixture, a volume is available in the explosion chamber, as would be the case in a conventional gasoline engine during the position of the piston at top dead center. A flap has a relatively low mass compared to a cylinder.

The explosion chamber according to the invention formed only by the closed flap has a predefined, fixed volume and allows compaction with the flap closed. Thus, the explosion space can be specifically filled with a mixture, depending on the required force, and thus the use of the explosion energy or the explosion pulse can be maximized. Using various methods, the explosion energy can be converted into usable kinetic energy. As a result, system losses are drastically reduced and the efficiency of the system increases significantly, since there are only low conversion and friction losses.

The constant volume of explosive space considerably simplifies the reproducibility of the successive compression situations. This has an advantageous effect on the design of associated actuators whose technical structure can be so much simplified. Thus, individual components and components can be designed optimized in terms of their respective task.

The flap could be designed in several parts. Thus, the explosion room can be released as quickly as possible or controlled by the parts of the flap.

The explosion room could be formed by a flap first. This makes it possible to create a space by the geometric shape of the flap, which then forms the explosion room in interaction with a body.

The explosion room could be formed by several flaps. Several flaps, analogous to two cabinet doors, could be provided to release, dissolve or form the blast room.

A motion actuator could be provided which is set in motion by the explosive energy or an explosive pulse of the ignited fuel or fuel gas mixture, the motion actuator being located outside the explosion space in an expansion direction and being set in motion by the explosive energy or explosion pulse , By arranging the movement actuator outside the explosion room, it can be designed independently of the movement actuator.

At least one closable channel could lead into the explosion space, via which the fuel, a gas or the fuel / gas mixture can be introduced and / or exhaust gas can be diverted. Thus, the compression of a fuel or fuel gas mixture already take place outside the explosion chamber.

At least one ignition device projecting into the explosion chamber, preferably an ignition or glow plug, could be provided for igniting the fuel or fuel-gas mixture. Thus, a controlled explosion in the explosion chamber can be initiated in a known manner, through which the flap is aufstoßbar.

One or more actuators for the introduction and / or compression of the fuel, gas or fuel-gas mixture and one or more actuators for the discharge of exhaust gas could be arranged outside of the explosion chamber. As a result, all essential actuators from the explosion room, especially from the interior of the explosion room, decoupled.

The explosive pulse released by the controlled opening of the flap can be used directly as a recoil or converted into a mechanical movement, namely a rotary movement.

By decoupling of actuators for compression, to bring about an explosion and to implement the explosion pulse, for example in a torque, the problems mentioned above can be overcome. In addition, performance and other environmental parameters can be dramatically improved. Precisely because all the actuators are located outside of the explosion chamber, significant advantages in terms of production are achieved. It eliminates a costly lubrication and cooling of the actuators.

The motion actuator could be configured as a turbine, which is arranged on a shaft. The explosion chamber of the explosion engine could be arranged downstream in the expansion direction of the exiting the open flap explosion pulse arranged on a shaft turbine so far, to generate a rotational movement by the explosion pulse. This has the advantage that the shaft on which the turbine sits directly converts the explosion pulse into a rotary motion.

All known parts of gasoline engines, in which the explosion accelerates a piston in a linear motion, which is converted by means of a crankshaft in a rotary motion, omitted, thereby resulting friction losses included.

Against this background, instead of a gearbox with reverse gear at least one explosion chamber in the direction of expansion of the explosion pulse emerging from the open flap, it is possible to rearrange a turbine which is arranged on the shaft in the opposite direction of rotation.

The explosion room could be located downstream in the expansion direction at least one buffer. Alternatively or in addition to the use of a turbine for the use of the explosion pulse, the explosive pulse energy could also be buffered in at least one temporary storage. The energy absorbed here can be dissipated via one or more nozzles, whereby the discharge into the air or even under water can take place.

The explosion chamber could be arranged downstream in the expansion direction at least one tubular channel. This tubular channel can be either a barrel of a firearm or a barrel of a heavy gun, in the barrel, for example, a bullet is accelerated. The tubular channel may also be part of a starting station of a pneumatic tube network in which a cartridge is transported.

At least two explosion chambers could be arranged parallel to each other for generating a cascade, with the explosion chambers each being followed by an independent or common means for utilizing the explosion energy or the explosion pulse. As a result, for example, an increase in torque can be achieved if the means for using the explosion pulse are designed as turbines, which are connected in parallel on a shaft. The explosion rooms can be centrally supplied with a compressed air storage.

The explosion chambers combined into a cascade could be assigned a synchronously or offset-operating control. A controller can selectively open the explosion chambers alternately or simultaneously. Depending on the energy requirement, the opening of the respective explosion chambers can be synchronized with each other.

The filling of the explosion chamber with gas or air could be done via at least one compressed air reservoir. The filling of the explosion chamber, in particular with an ignitable mixture, can be carried out in principle by different means and measures. Specifically, it is possible that the filling of an explosion space with gas or air via at least one compressed air reservoir. The filling can be supported by a compressor.

For this purpose, the filling of the explosion chamber with gas or air could alternatively or additionally take place via a direct compression device with at least one piston. It is also possible to use a compressed air reservoir with compressor for automatically refilling the compressed air reservoir, wherein overpressures and dimensions are to be selected depending on the buffer performance. The filling of an explosion chamber with fuel could additionally or alternatively be effected via a direct injection or via a gasifier downstream of the compressed air reservoir.

The flap could have a pressure-controlled lock with an emergency opening device. The emergency opening device may comprise a spring or pneumatic. The flap could be secured by a spring-loaded latch whose closing force is designed to withstand the pressure conditions prevailing in the explosion room prior to explosion. The selection of a spring preload is also important in connection with any misfires that occur, so that no damage to the explosion machine can occur here.

In the context of the invention, various forms of exploitation of the explosive pulse energies can be combined with each other. All actuators can be controlled independently of each other, for which they have independent drives.

The explosion can take place permanently in the optimal combustion area, resulting in clean combustion and minimal waste heat. Furthermore, only low pollutants are generated without the need for additional purification.

Since the entire explosion energy is used, the efficiency can be increased by leaps and bounds by the exploding machine. Overall, only low noise emissions occur when using the exploding machine.

During compression and rolling operation of a vehicle, only minimal friction occurs. When using the explosion engine in a vehicle is particularly advantageous that the torque provided is not dependent on the current speed of the vehicle. The possibility of linear acceleration results in the advantage that the maximum torque can be available from standstill. Also, a power is only generated when one is actually needed. As a result, almost no idle losses can occur. A cold start situation is practically nonexistent.

Further advantages and advantageous embodiments of the invention are the following description, the drawings and claims removed.

• 1 eine schematische Darstellung eines durch eine Klappe geschaffenen und verschlossenen Explosionsraums,
• 2 eine schematische Darstellung einer möglichen Druckbefüllung des Explosionsraums mittels Kolbenkompression,
• 3 eine schematische Darstellung einer in der Expansionsstrecke des Explosionsimpulses angeordneten Turbine,
• 4 eine schematische Darstellung einer weiteren Ausführungsform einer Klappe,
• 5 eine schematische Darstellung der Verwendung der Erfindung als oder in einem Rückstoßantrieb,
• 6 eine schematische Darstellung der Verwendung der Erfindung als oder in einem Schiffsantrieb,
• 7 eine schematische Darstellung einer Kaskadierung zweier Explosionsräume zum Zwecke der Drehmomentsteigerung,
• 8 eine Verriegelung der Klappe,
• 9 eine Draufsicht auf die Verriegelung nach 8 und
• 10 eine schematische Darstellung eines Explosionsraums, der durch die Klappe gebildet ist.

In the drawing show

• 1 a schematic representation of a created and closed by a flap explosion room,
• 2 a schematic representation of a possible pressure filling of the explosion chamber by means of piston compression,
• 3 a schematic representation of a arranged in the expansion path of the explosion pulse turbine,
• 4 a schematic representation of another embodiment of a flap,
• 5 a schematic representation of the use of the invention as or in a recoil drive,
• 6 a schematic representation of the use of the invention as or in a ship propulsion,
• 7 a schematic representation of a cascading of two explosion chambers for the purpose of torque increase,
• 8th a locking of the flap,
• 9 a plan view of the lock behind 8th and
• 10 a schematic representation of an explosion space, which is formed by the flap.

1 shows an exploding machine 1 comprising an explosion room 15 for receiving a fuel or fuel-gas mixture.

The explosion room 15 is to release the explosion energy or the explosion pulse by a movable flap 30 openable and / or dissolvable, with the flap 30 is aufstoßbar by the explosion pulse.

1 shows in this respect an explosion machine 1 , here without subordinate means for the conversion of the explosive energy. Schematically illustrated is a reactor housing 10 in which the explosion room 15 is housed.

The explosion room 15 can also be much smaller than it is shown here. The explosion room 15 For example, it may only have one-tenth of the volume shown here.

The explosion room 15 is to release the explosion energy or the explosion pulse by a movable flap 30 openable and resolvable, with the flap 30 being inflatable by the explosive pulse and having a motion actuator outside the blast room 15 can be arranged in an expansion direction and is set in motion by the explosion energy or the explosion pulse.

Ultimately, the explosion room 15 through the shell-like reactor housing 10 and the closed flap 30 first formed. The flap 30 lies at contact surfaces 11 all around tightly sealed on the reactor housing 10 on, so in the blast room 15 of the reactor housing 10 a pressure build-up is possible.

In the embodiment shown, the flap 30 on a rotation axis 31 hinged and on the opposite side by means of a lock 36 with a spring-loaded latch 50 locked. The flap 30 owns for the purpose of closing the explosion room 15 a separate locking actuator 35 ,

Also the bar 50 is an actuator, namely the locking actuator 55 , assigned here by means of a spring 56 also a possibly occurring misfire can be intercepted.

In the explosion room 15 leads at least one lockable channel 20 . 21 , via which the fuel, a gas or the fuel-gas mixture can be introduced and / or exhaust gas can be diverted or are. There is at least one in the explosion room 15 protruding ignition device 25 intended to ignite the fuel or fuel-gas mixture. The ignition device 25 can be configured as a spark plug or glow plug.

The channel 20 Prevents a residual overpressure or the presence of exhaust gas after closing the explosion chamber 15 before refilling.

1 shows, in particular, that one or more actuators for the introduction and / or compression of the fuel, gas or fuel-gas mixture and one or more actuators for the discharge of exhaust gas outside the explosion chamber 15 are arranged.

1 shows that the filling of the explosion room 15 with air via at least one compressed air reservoir 40 he follows. The introduction of the ignitable fuel-air mixture or its individual components can be carried out by means of known methods. In 1 are concretely a compressed air storage 40 and a fuel tank 41 provided, their supplies 42 . 43 in an optionally modified carburetor 45 to lead.

Here come actors 46 . 47 . 48 , namely slider actuators, for use with the feeders 42 . 43 of the compressed air storage 40 , the fuel tank 41 as well as the channel 20 for the admission of the fuel-air mixture into the explosion chamber 15 Close and release after a specified process control. Instead of slide actuators valves could also be used.

2 shows on the basis of a further embodiment, that the filling of the explosion chamber 15 with air via a direct compression device 60 with at least one piston 61 he follows. 2 shows a pressure filling option by means of piston compression. Here, the filling of the explosion chamber takes place 15 with air via a direct compression device 60 with at least one piston 61 , The fuel supply is not reproduced here in detail.

In order to always provide the correct air mass, a known air mass control can be used, which can also be used in conjunction with a direct injection.

3 shows concretely an explosion machine 1 comprising an explosion room 15 for receiving a fuel or fuel-gas mixture, wherein a movement actuator in the form of a turbine 70 is provided, which is displaceable by the explosion energy or an explosion pulse of the ignited fuel or fuel-gas mixture in a movement.

3 shows that the motion actuator as a turbine 70 which is designed on a wave 72 is arranged. In 3 is schematically a arranged in the expansion path of the explosion pulse turbine 70 represented, which the Explosive pulse over a wave 72 converts into a rotational movement. The reactor housing 10 or after the opening of the flap 30 exposed and resolved explosion room 15 , is via an expansion channel 17 with the turbine room 71 connected.

After the flap 30 opens, the turbine becomes 70 rotated by the explosion energy or the explosion pulse in the direction of arrow "A" and thereby displaces the shaft 72 in rotation. The explosion energy or the explosion pulse is converted into a rotational movement without significant losses. The exhaust gas is passing through the exhaust 73 derived.

In 4 is a possible embodiment of the flap 30 shown. Here is an oval explosion room 15 from the door 30 closed, whose bearing shaft 83 on both sides in a warehouse 82 is picked up and over a lever 81 is pivoted. Again, the control of the movement of the flap takes place 30 outside the pressure-loaded area. The bearing shaft 83 is opposite the expected pressure by means of seals 84 protected.

5 and 6 show schematically that the explosion room 15 at least one buffer in the direction of expansion 90 is subordinate. 6 shows concretely that the explosion room 15 and the cache 90 at least one tubular channel 93 is subordinate.

5 shows a schematic representation of a use of the invention as a recoil drive. The explosion pulse is in a buffer 90 that the explosion room 15 downstream in the direction of expansion of the explosion pulse, buffered to escape from the nozzle 92 to produce a more constant recoil.

6 essentially shows the arrangement according to 5 , but here specifically a use in a ship propulsion. The tubular channel 93 , which is designed as a nozzle tube, is under a water surface 94 guided.

7 schematically shows that at least two explosion rooms 15 arranged to generate a cascade parallel to each other, wherein the explosion chambers 15 in each case an independent or common means for using the explosion energy or the explosion pulse is arranged downstream. The explosion rooms combined into a cascade 15 is assigned a synchronous or offset controller.

7 shows a schematic representation of a cascading of the explosion chambers 15 , Here are several systems connected in parallel for the purpose of torque increase. The block diagram shows two explosion rooms 15 , Both the explosion rooms 15 as well as the compressed air storage 40 are compressors 95 assigned. Likewise, each expansion route follows the explosion chambers 15 one turbine each 70 on a common wave 72 sits and their exhaust gases in a common exhaustion 73 be directed.

It can alternatively also several compressed air storage 40 be used. The cascade arrangement shown, the torque can be increased almost linearly.

8th and 9 show schematically that the flap 30 a spring-loaded latch 36 has. 8th and 9 show an example of a lock 36 the flap 30 , The lock 36 consists of several parts and is located outside the pressure-loaded area to the flap 30 and their lock 36 to save from destruction.

The V-shaped latch 50 will shut up 30 self controlled and locked in respective positions. After closing the flap 30 is by means of the locking actuator 55 the pressure on a catch 51 raised to the fold 30 when filling the explosion room 15 to keep closed.

The locking actuator 55 includes a spring 56 which generates a bias voltage. When igniting, the pressure on the bolt actuator also becomes 55 switched off or the bias substantially canceled. The flap 30 can thus cancel the locked state by the overpressure.

When opening the flap 30 the latch engages 50 in an open position. For this only a very low pressure is needed. When closing the flap 30 will be the bar 50 back in the lock 51 reset and the pressure on the catch 51 activated.

10 schematically shows a further embodiment of the explosion engine. The explosion room 15 is through a single flap 30 first formed. The flap 30 has a concave bulge that the explosion room 15 spatially creates.

Based on 1 to 10 the functional principle of the invention will be explained again in individual steps below.

Through the opening of an exhaust valve 5 is still in the explosion room 15 Exhaust gas removed.

Closing the exhaust valve 5 occurs slightly delayed for the supply of compressed air or the compressed fuel-air mixture. The feed via the actuator 48 , namely by moving a slider.

The compression can be carried out by various methods. On the one hand, for direct compression a direct compression device 60 used a piston 61 having. Here, the principle of a standard cylinder is used, as used in compressors.

The drive of the piston 61 takes place by means of an electric motor, which is controlled via a drive logic depending on the required power. In the piston 61 itself, a valve not shown here is installed, which controls the intake of air.

On the other hand, the compression of the air via an intermediate compressed air reservoir 40 respectively. The compressed air storage 40 is operated at a higher pressure than needed to reduce the response time of a drive.

The compressed air storage 40 is automatically refilled with a compressor, not shown here, depending on the speed of the start of the compressor and the required air.

The required fuel-air mixture can also be generated in several ways known per se. Here is the use of a carburetor 45 on, between the compressed air storage 40 and the actor 48 is arranged. The carburetor 45 enriches the flowing air with fuel from the fuel tank 41 at.

Alternatively, there is the possibility of a direct injection, not shown in the explosion room 15 ,

The ignition of the fuel-air mixture via known methods, for example via a spark plug. As described above, this is done after a direct filling and direct injection or after using a pressure accumulator and direct injection.

The process of direct filling and direct injection sees the closing and locking of the flap 30 before, after which the actor 48 to the direct compression device 60 opens and the piston 61 the previously sucked air into the explosion room 15 pressed. At top dead center of the piston 61 closes the actor 48 ,

The process in conjunction with a compressed air storage 40 looks after closing the explosion room 15 through the fold 30 as well as the opening of the compressed air reservoir 40 in front of the blast room 15 to fill. In direct fuel injection, the supply now takes place.

After ignition of the fuel-air mixture and reduction of the pressure at the flap 30 , it is opened by the explosion pulse and the explosion pulse can be used.

The invention can be used in drives for ships, aircraft and torpedoes. The rate of explosion can be increased by using suitable fuels, such as kerosene.

The efficiency of the explosion machine can be 70%. There is no transmission necessary as in a conventional internal combustion engine.

The flap 30 and all the actuators described here, in particular the lock 36 , can be driven and / or driven by magnetic drives, electric motors and the like to achieve short power strokes.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

explosion machine

5

outlet valve

10

Reactor housing,

11

Contact areas between 10 and 30

15

blast space

17

expansion channel

20

Channel (inlet)

21

Channel (outlet)

25

detonator

30

flap

31

Rotation axis of 30

35

Actuator, namely closing actuator

36

lock

40

Compressed air storage

41

Fuel tank

42

Feeding of 40

43

Feeding of 41

45

carburettor

46

Actuator between 40 and 45

47

Actuator between 41 and 45

48

Actuator between 45 and 15

50

bars

51

Catch from 50

55

Locking actuator of 50

56

Spring from 55

60

Direct compression device

61

Piston of 60

70

Turbine, motion actuator

71

turbine room

72

wave

73

Discharge of 71

81

Lever of 30

82

camp

83

bearing shaft

84

poetry

90

cache

92

jet

93

tubular channel, nozzle tube

94

water surface

95

compressor

Claims (10)

An explosion engine (1) comprising an explosion space (15) for receiving a fuel or fuel gas mixture, characterized in that the explosion space (15) for releasing the explosion energy or the explosion pulse through a movable flap (30) open and / or is resolvable, wherein the flap (30) is aufstoßbar by the explosion pulse. Explosion machine after Claim 1 , characterized in that the flap (30) is formed in several parts and / or that the explosion chamber (30) by at least one flap (30) or more flaps (30) is formed. Explosion machine after Claim 1 or 2 characterized in that there is provided a motion actuator which is set in motion by the explosive energy or an explosion pulse of the ignited fuel or fuel gas mixture, the motion actuator being located outside the explosion space (15) in an expansion direction and by the explosion energy or the explosion pulse is set in motion. Explosion machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the explosion chamber (15) at least one closable channel (20, 21) leads, via which the fuel, a gas or the fuel-gas mixture can be introduced and / or exhaust gas is derived or . are. Explosion machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one in the explosion chamber (15) projecting ignition device (25) is provided for igniting the fuel or fuel-gas mixture. Explosion machine after one of Claims 3 to 5 , characterized in that the movement actuator is designed as a turbine (70) which is arranged on a shaft (72). Explosion machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the explosion space (15) in the expansion direction at least one intermediate store (90) and / or at least one tubular channel (93) is arranged downstream. Explosion machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least two explosion chambers (15) for generating a cascade are arranged parallel to each other, wherein the explosion chambers (15) each have an independent or common means for using the explosion energy or the explosion pulse downstream and / or in that the explosion chambers (15) combined into a cascade are associated with a controller operating in synchronism or offset. Explosion machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the filling of the explosion chamber (15) with gas or air via at least one compressed air reservoir (40) and / or via a direct compression device (60) with at least one piston (61). Explosion machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the flap (30) has a pressure-controlled lock (36) with an emergency opening device.

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