DE102017114749B4 - Traction accumulator, in particular of elongated design with adjacently arranged lithium-ion secondary cells, and method for controlling the heat balance - Google Patents

Abstract

Traction accumulator (1, 1I, 1II, 101, 101I, 101II, 201) with stacked, prismatic electrochemical secondary cells (3, 3I, 3II, 3III, 103, 103I), which in a section have an elongated, rectangular basic shape (5, 105) which continues in a width (11) to a conversion volume (21) with active elements layered parallel to one another, the conversion volume (21) being part of a module volume (23, 123) of the traction accumulator (1, 1I, 1II, 101, 101I, 101II, 201), in which the secondary cells (3, 3I, 3II, 3III, 103, 103I) individually (53, 53I, 53II, 153, 153I) or as part of a group (253, 253I, 253II, 253III ) are combined to form a battery pack, each secondary cell (3, 3I, 3II, 3III, 103, 103I) individually or as part of the group (253, 253I, 253II, 253III) in its own cell housing (31, 31I, 31II, 131, 131I, 131II, 131III, 231, 231I231II, 231III is enveloped, characterized in that the basic shape (5, 105) has a w At least along one long side (7, 7I) running three times the length (13) compared to a height (15, 115) running along a high side (9, 9I109, 109I) of the basic shape (5, 105), and this as an extruded profile produced cell housings (31, 31I, 3III, 131, 131I, 131II, 131III, 231, 231I, 231II, 231III with different thicknesses (69, 69I) is equipped on different sides and contacts (47, 147, 147I; 49, 149) which are connected to pole lugs (25, 125; 27, 127) which are located in a central region (17, 17I) on a high side (9, 9I, 109, 109I) of an active surface (19, 119 ) and thus at least one secondary cell (3, 3I, 3II, 3III, 103, 103I) are arranged on a high side (9, 9I, 109, 109I).

Description

The present invention deals with a traction accumulator with an elongated design, in which the secondary cells, like lithium-ion secondary cells, are arranged next to one another and form an accumulator module. In other words, the present invention deals with a traction accumulator, in particular for a motor vehicle such as a passenger car, according to the preamble of claim 1 and according to the preamble of claim 3.

In addition, the present invention deals with a method of how a traction accumulator can deal with its thermal energies, in particular with its charging heat generated during electrical charging, according to the preamble of claim 20.

Technical area

• • der gewünschten hohen Energiedichte (gemessen z. B. in Wh pro Liter Batterie-Volumen),
• • auf möglichst geringe Gewichte pro elektrischer Kapazität (gemessen z. B. in Kilo pro Farad),
• • auf eine möglichst ausgeglichene Wärmeleitfähigkeit (gemessen z. B. in Watt pro Meter und Kelvin) und
• • auf einen akzeptablen Temperaturgradient (gemessen z. B. in Kelvin pro Meter).

From the literature and through small series, electric vehicles, especially for road use, are known that electrically and a large number of electrochemical secondary cells, preferably based on lithium-ion, to a high-voltage (z. B. 400 volts to 850 volts) energy source close mechanically. When developing suitable traction accumulators, the focus is on technical difficulties, among other things

• • the desired high energy density (measured e.g. in Wh per liter of battery volume),
• • to the lowest possible weight per electrical capacity (measured e.g. in kilograms per farad),
• • on a thermal conductivity that is as balanced as possible (measured, for example, in watts per meter and Kelvin) and
• • an acceptable temperature gradient (measured, for example, in Kelvin per meter).

In the case of traction accumulators, the difficulty arises that these, should they be used e.g. B. be installed in a passenger vehicle, should be as mechanically stable as possible, in particular designed to be torsion-resistant. The demands contradict each other, at least in part, considerably. Mechanically stable traction accumulators are usually heavier and therefore have a lower energy density per gram than lighter ones. In the field of traction accumulators, the present invention deals with the subject of how a battery module can be switched that represents an acceptable compromise between the conflicting requirements .

A secondary cell design presented in numerous publications is the prismatic cell, which is often used for lithium-ion batteries in the mobile sector and in the automotive sector. Due to the desired short charging times for charging a traction accumulator, considerations are made as to how the heat generated when charging the accumulators can be discharged as cheaply as possible.

Here it can be considered which of the accumulator types, of which there is a. Such types as pouch cells, prismatic cells and hard cover modules are the most promising candidates for an optimized design. The individual types can be illustrated using the patent literature.

State of the art

The US 2014/154 549 A1 (Applicant: GrafTech International Holdings, Inc .; filing date: August 13, 2012) shows a stack arrangement with a heat sink to which the heat from the accumulator cells is to be supplied via thermal transfer sheets. Again 1 the US 2014/154 549 A1 As can be seen, mechanical strength of the stack is only generated by a frame-like housing.

The US 2016/049 704 A1 (Applicant: GrafTech International Holdings Inc .; priority date: 04.06.2012) describes a stacked arrangement of prismatically shaped accumulators, which are clamped on one side in a heat sink and transfer the heat generated during charging to the heat sink through heat distribution plates. The cells (secondary cells) shown in the figures are also referred to as pouch cells due to their laminated packaging. The cells themselves are made of a material that does not focus on mechanical stability, but on electrochemical functionality. Therefore, the one in the US 2016/049 704 A1 proposed stack not be particularly mechanically stable due to the inter alia flexible graphite layer.

The US 2016/056 427 A1 ( Applicant: LG Chem, Ltd .; Registration date: May 15, 2013 ) also starts from the pouch cells, with a stabilizing cartridge frame being arranged between the two cells over the entire area between two pouch cells. In other words, the mechanical stability is created through the multiple use of stabilizing frames.

A U-shaped cooling plate, guided around the outside of an electrochemical stack, as in the US 2014/272 513 A1 (Applicant: GM Global Technology Operations LLC; filing date: 13.03.2013) can increase the mechanical stability, but it also increases the total weight of the enclosed stack.

A similar approach, but not with a liquid coolant, is used in the US 2016/197 386 A1 (Applicant: LG Chem, Ltd .; Priority date: 08/28/2013 ), in which two cap-like half-housings should completely cover stack-like flat cells, the heat dissipation should be improved in that after assembly, a thermoplastic synthetic resin is injected into the interior space containing the stack via filling openings in the caps.

The EP 2 064 758 B1 ( Patent owner: LG Chem, Ltd .; Priority date: September 18, 2006 ) shows in pictures a stack made up of flat cells, which instead of a housing is covered on three sides by electronic circuit boards, whereby the sides covered with metal plates are equipped with a rail system so that two stacks can be pushed together over the rails. The stacks are freely accessible outside the circuit board or metal plate cover. With intended no-load and operating voltages in the three-digit volt range, such a modular design is likely to generate concerns about a lack of contact safety.

In the two patent applications US 2012/129 024 A1 (Patent applicant: Cobasys, LLC; Priority date: November 18, 2010 ) and WO 2016/053 403 A1 (Applicant: Johnson Controls Technology Company; Priority date: 09/30/2014 ) shows how individual modules can be mechanically connected to form larger accumulators.

The DE 10 2009 058 809 A1 (Applicant: Valeo Klimasysteme GmbH; Disclosure date: June 22, 2011) or your subsequent registration EP 2 337 141 A1 (Applicant: Valeo Klimasysteme GmbH; Disclosure date: June 22, 2011 ) and the DE 10 2009 058 810 A1 (Applicant: Valeo Klimasysteme GmbH; Disclosure date: June 22, 2011 ) deal with how a component can be created in a battery that can be used as easily as possible either as a cooling device or as a combined cooling and heat transfer component. Certain complicated geometries should be able to be produced by an extrusion process or by an extrusion process.

The DE 10 2011 107 007 A1 (Applicant: Volkswagen AG; Disclosure date: January 10, 2013) is also concerned with the design of a cooling plate for a traction battery and comes to the conclusion that the cooling plate with integrated cooling channels made of light metal is to be manufactured in an extrusion process. The DE 10 2015 214 661 A1 (Applicant: Volkswagen AG; Disclosure date: January 10, 2013) sets the knowledge of DE 10 2011 107 007 A1 to the effect that the cooling plate of a battery cell of a traction battery can regulate the temperature of the battery cell if the cooling plate is an extruded profile that has reproducible, uniform cooling channels. The straightest possible cross-sections should be used here.

The WO 2008 034 584 A1 (Applicant: MAGNA STEYR FAHRZEUGTECHNIK AG & CO KG; publication date: March 27, 2008) describes a modular battery unit with at least two battery cells and with a heat sink that is arranged between the battery cells and clings to the side of the battery cells, through which a cooling medium flows and on the one hand in heat generated by the battery cells is appropriately transported away and on the other hand supports the battery cells. There are also two cover caps that can be arranged on the heat sink. The top caps should be designed as die-cast parts; the heat sink of the battery unit should be produced by extrusion.

The WO 2009/080 175 A1 (Applicant: Daimler AG; priority date: December 20, 2007) describes a spaced, open frame housing made from an extruded profile, inside of which cells are stacked on a wall and electrically connected to the housing via this wall.

The DE 10 2005 031 504 A1 (Applicant: DaimlerChrysler AG; disclosure date: January 11, 2007) deals with a traction battery based on lithium, in which the heat sink for a stack of prismatic modules is the focus of considerations. The individual cells inside a module are separated from one another by bars. A recess is arranged in each of the webs. Cooling fins connected to a central heat sink are intended to protrude into the recesses of the webs. This design with webs and cooling fins protruding into them should make it possible to produce the housings of the individual modules using casting manufacturing processes.

The DE 603 08 598 T2 (Patent owner: Nissan Motor Co., Ltd .; date of issue: 09/27/2006), also published as EP 1 376 718 A2 , deals with pouch cells. These are optimized in terms of their dimensions according to various criteria. Almost innumerable variants for individual dimensions are listed, especially in tabular form. A reader of the EP 1 376 718 A2 thus comes to the most varied of proportions without knowing which proportion should actually be preferred for pouch cells.

The US 8 231 996 B2 (Owner: Atieva USA, Inc .; date of issue: 08/20/2009) deals with Round cells and supposedly offers suitable dimensions and proportions for these cells.

In the DE 10 2009 046 801 A1 (Applicant: S B LiMotive Company Ltd .; Disclosure date: May 19, 2011 ) a battery cell is described in which a length that belongs to a base area, at least in one dimension, which should be the maximum dimension, is greater than the height of the battery cell body defined by the side surface. The floor area should serve as a contact area for a connected cooling system. Terminals of the battery cell can be arranged on two opposite side surfaces. There is also a burst pressure opening on the side surface, preferably below the terminal and provided with a valve. Dividing the battery cell into cell units by dividing walls serves to conduct heat via the dividing walls from the interior to the surface of the battery cell.

In an energy storage device according to FIG DE 10 2015 222 138 A1 (Applicant: AUDI AG; Disclosure date: May 11, 2017) individual walls can consist of a panel-shaped extruded profile. Such an extruded profile can also have cooling coils for a coolant circuit. In this way, an outer wall of a cooled housing or a wall lying inside the housing can be formed, with which storage cells or storage cell modules are to be thermally coupled on one or both sides.

Monolithic housing bodies with an integrated liquid channel should according to the DE 10 2016 113 597 A1 (Applicant: Ford Global Technologies, LLC; Disclosure Date: February 16, 2017) be produced by extrusion. In a housing body which comprises two side parts and a base, a battery array can be arranged as a battery set on the base of the housing. The floor should be designed in such a way that it can simultaneously support the battery array and thermally treat the heat generated by the battery cells. In addition, thermally resistant and electrically insulating spacers can be present between the battery cells. The battery cells are held together by frictional force due to compression of the cells during assembly. As an alternative, glue can also be used. Liquefied material is formed during extrusion, so that at least the energy required to reach the melting point of the material used has to be applied during production.

In the subsequently published patent application DE 10 2017 203 321 A1 (Applicant: AUDI AG; publication date: September 6, 2018) traction battery modules are described in which several battery cells are arranged in a holding frame. The holding frame is intended to prevent undesired expansion during charging or during discharging of the battery cells. Specifically, a battery module with a length of 210.5 mm, a width of 631.5 mm and a height of 73 mm is presented, although there are no figures on the dimensions and dimensions of an associated module housing. The housing jacket can be formed from an extruded part with a large number of integrated cooling channels. The interconnected battery cells are to be fixed by clamping wedges within the housing jacket.

In the subsequently published patent application DE 10 2017 104 710 A1 (Applicant: Dr. Ing.hc F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft; publication date: 13.09.2018) describes a battery module housing for a larger number of battery cells to be accommodated, which has a one-piece main component for enclosing the battery cells on four sides. The exact structure of the individual battery cells or how the battery cells are to be protected is not described. An additional part for one of the enclosing sides has depressions for receiving a medium for temperature control and, together with the main component, serves to create media-carrying channels. A wall thickness of the main component, which should not have any depressions for receiving the medium, should be reduced in the area of the additional component. The main component can be an extruded component made of aluminum, which has a right-angled profile cross-section. A fiber-reinforced plastic is proposed as the material for the additional component, which should have a poorer thermal conductivity than the main component.

The US 2016/329 538 A1 (Applicant: A123 Systems LLC .; Publication date: 11/10/2016) deals with a battery shock protection system. Each battery cell has a positive terminal and a negative terminal. Different wall parts or partitions of housings can be connected to one another with tongue and groove curves that can be plugged into one another. In addition, separate housings should also be able to be plugged together, with additional free spaces being provided between these connection areas. In the US filing US 2016/329 538 A1 It is proposed to install flexible foam plates between the battery cells, which are intended to limit relative movement between the components of cell groups and to facilitate installation of cell groups in the housing by making the plates compressible.

Some of the publications examined describe battery packs which are only suitable to a limited extent for rough use in motor vehicles. With other designs it looks like a mechanical stability is bought at the cost of components that cause the accumulator to increase in weight.

Technical difficulties

There is a need for an arrangement of electrochemical cells that are sufficiently mechanically stable and have an acceptably low weight per stored energy. An accumulator design would be ideal that can still offer a short charging time thanks to the high charging currents that can be memorized and the associated heat development. In other words, with the aim of making electric drives more successful on the road, there is a desire to create better energy storage devices that at least partially overcome the known disadvantages that limit the possible uses in the form of fully electric vehicles.

Description of the invention

The present invention achieves the object according to the invention by a device according to claim 1 or claim 3. The present invention also achieves the object according to the invention by a method according to claim 20. Advantageous further developments can be found in the dependent claims.

Traction accumulators are such electrochemical secondary cells, i. H. electrochemical cells that can be charged and discharged several times and that are suitable for mobile use in vehicles. Traction accumulators for motor vehicles are of particular interest. This includes passenger cars.

The electrochemical secondary cells are available in many different designs. The preferred design are the stacked, prismatic secondary cells. This differs from z. B. the pouch cells presented above.

The electrochemical secondary cells of the traction accumulator, which can in particular be lithium-ion cells, are prismatic secondary cells that are stacked with respect to one another. Not only are the cells stacked one below the other, but in the secondary cells - according to an advantageous embodiment - a first electrode, an active area of the electrolyte and a second electrode are arranged over the entire surface, flat and parallel to one another. A longitudinal cut can be made through a secondary cell. If the cell is (mentally) cut, a basic shape comes to the fore, which is rectangular but elongated. A single secondary cell can appear rod-shaped, almost like flat steel.

The individual sides of the basic shape can be designated by long side, high side and width. The three sides long side, high side and width characterize the shape of the individual cells. The long side is the longest side on the housing of the secondary cell. The high side is at right angles to the long side. The high side also has a length, which can also be referred to as the height. The basic shape has two long sides and two high sides. The long side is several times longer than the high side. Due to the stacked arrangement of the individual components of the secondary cell, the secondary cell can have the smallest extension in the direction of its width. The longest side that can be determined on the basic shape is advantageously at least three times as long as the high side of the basic shape. If an active area, which is delimited by the long side and the high side, is in depth, i.e. H. in width, continued, there is a first conversion volume of a single cell. The active area can also be referred to as the active area. The conversion volumes of the individual cells are placed next to one another, parallel to one another. If the conversion volumes are put together, the result is a total module volume of the traction accumulator.

Pole flags are assigned to the side of the active surface or pole flags are present in lateral areas of the active surface. The active surface can provide a potential difference between the pole lugs. The pole flags are located in the middle area of the active area. For example, a first pole lug merges into a first contact and a second pole lug merges into a second contact. The individual contacts connect to the side of the active surfaces of the individual cells. An area-wide connection of the pole lug to the respective assigned contact forms a current passage cross-section.

Several individual cells can also be connected in series in order to provide a higher voltage.

Several individual cells can be combined to form a module or an accumulator (sub) package. These secondary cells can be combined in one housing.

The housings advantageously create a closed, encircling frame for a battery pack. Such a housing is produced by an extruded profile in such a way that it has at least one of four sides as the thickest side.

In other words, regardless of the cross section of one of the sides of the extruded profile, the housing can have different mean thicknesses to have. Each side has a medium thickness. The mean thickness is the maximum thickness of the housing on the corresponding side. Deviating from this thickness, the side wall can have places and areas that are even thinner because they are, for. B. have channels.

The housing does not have to be kept constant over its circumference, but the module housing and / or the cell housing can be designed with different thicknesses. For example, the carrier plate can be thicker than the lid. Similarly, the housing for the respective secondary cell can be designed with different thicknesses. This saves even more weight.

The thickness of the individual side walls, parts and webs of the housing can not only be designed for the mechanical, static and dynamic requirements. The thickness can be matched to the function of the cooling. The side of the housing that is supposed to be able to store and / or dissipate heat is designed in terms of its thickness in such a way that the heat from the active surfaces of the individual cells can be introduced into the part of the housing. It is advantageous if the thickest side is the one that also serves as a cooling surface. If the cooling surface is equated with the carrier surface or carrier plate, in other words, if the cooling surface is also the carrier surface, the thickness can be optimized both in terms of mechanical stability and in terms of sufficient cooling capacity. The requirement, whether through the cooling capacity or through the stability required by the greater thickness, determines the total thickness of the page.

Advantageous refinements and developments are set out below which, viewed individually, both individually and in combination, can likewise reveal inventive aspects.

One type of secondary cell that gets its name from the materials or ions that are built in or present in the secondary cells are lithium-ion batteries. Actually, a material or ion information for one of the two electrodes of a basic cell of a secondary cell or for an electrolyte becomes the name-giving information. A whole group of chemically active, foil-like half-cells and suitable electrolytes fall under the category of lithium-ion accumulators.

As reference components or as components that are frequently present, a lithium secondary battery generally contains a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator and a non-aqueous electrolyte solution which e.g. B. may contain lithium salt.

• • erster Schritt: Aufbringen einer Mischung aus einem aktiven Material der positiven Elektrode, einem leitfähigen Mittel und einem Bindemittel auf einen positiven Elektrodenstromkollektor und
• • zweiter Schritt: Trocknen der Mischung.

For example, the positive electrode can be created by the following two steps:

• • first step: applying a mixture of a positive electrode active material, a conductive agent and a binder to a positive electrode current collector and
• • second step: drying the mixture.

In addition, a filler can be added to the mixture as required.

In the following, common nomenclatures are used to identify the composition of chemically synthesizable substances with regard to the elements forming the substances and their relative frequency, in particular with regard to their molarity. This information can also be referred to as chemical formulas or sum formulas of chemical compounds.

• • eine geschichtete Verbindung wie ein Lithiumkobaltoxid (LiCoO₂) oder
• • ein Lithiumnickeloxid (LiNiO₂) oder
• • eine Verbindung, bei der ein oder mehrere Übergangsmetalle ersetzt sind,
• • ein Lithiummanganoxid gemäß einer chemischen Formel Li_1+xMn_2-xO₄ (mit x = 0 bis 0,33) oder
• • ein Lithiummanganoxid wie LiMnO₃, LiMn₂O₃ oder LiMnO₂,
• • ein Lithiumkupferoxid (Li₂CuO₂;),
• • ein Vanadiumoxid wie LiV₃O₃, LiFe₃0₄, V₂O₅ oder CU₂V₂O₇,
• • ein auf Ni basierendes Lithium-Nickel-Oxid, gemäß einer chemischen Formel LiNi_1-xM_xO₂ (wobei M = Co, Mn, Al, Cu, Fe, Mg, B oder Ga und x = 0,01 bis 0,3 ist),
• • ein Lithium-Mangan-Verbundoxid gemäß einer chemischen Formel LiMn_2-xM_xO₂ (wobei M = Co, Ni, Fe, Cr, Zn oder Ta und x = 0,01 bis 0,1 ist) oder einer chemischen Formel Li₂Mn₃MO₃ (wobei M = Fe, Co, Ni, Cu oder Zn ist),
• • LiMn₂O₄, wobei Li in einer chemischen Formel teilweise durch Erdalkalimetallionen ersetzt ist,
• • eine Disulfidverbindung oder
• • Fe₂(MoO₄)_3.

The active material of the positive electrode may e.g. B. be one or more of the following:

• • a layered compound such as a lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO ₂ ) or
• • a lithium nickel oxide (LiNiO ₂ ) or
• • a compound in which one or more transition metals have been replaced,
• • a lithium manganese oxide according to a chemical formula Li _{1 + x} Mn _2-x O ₄ (with x = 0 to 0.33) or
• • a lithium manganese oxide such as LiMnO ₃ , LiMn ₂ O ₃ or LiMnO ₂ ,
• • a lithium copper oxide (Li ₂ CuO ₂ ;),
• • a vanadium oxide such as LiV ₃ O ₃ , LiFe ₃ 0 ₄ , V ₂ O ₅ or CU ₂ V ₂ O ₇ ,
• • a Ni-based lithium nickel oxide, according to a chemical formula LiNi _1-x M _x O ₂ (where M = Co, Mn, Al, Cu, Fe, Mg, B or Ga and x = 0.01 to 0 , 3 is),
• A lithium-manganese composite oxide according to a chemical formula LiMn _2-x M _x O ₂ (where M = Co, Ni, Fe, Cr, Zn or Ta and x = 0.01 to 0.1) or a chemical formula Li ₂ Mn ₃ MO ₃ (where M = Fe, Co, Ni, Cu or Zn),
• • LiMn ₂ O ₄ , where Li in a chemical formula is partially replaced by alkaline earth metal ions,
• • a disulfide compound or
• • Fe ₂ (MoO ₄ ) _3.

• • Graphit, wie natürlicher Graphit oder künstlicher Graphit,
• • Ruß bzw. Industrie-Ruß, auch bekannt unter der englischen Bezeichnung „carbon black“,
• • Spaltruß, wie z. B. Acetylen-Schwarz, Ketjen-Schwarz, Channelruß, insb. Kanal-Schwarz,
• • Furnaceruß, wie z. B. Ofen-Schwarz,
• • Flammruß, wie z. B. Lampen-Schwarz oder Summer-Schwarz,
• • Gasruß,
• • leitfähige Faser(n), wie Kohlenstofffaser(n) oder Metallfaser(n),
• • metallisches Pulver, wie Kohlenstofffluoridpulver, Aluminiumpulver oder Nickelpulver,
• • leitfähige Whisker, wie Zinkoxid oder Kaliumtitanat,
• • leitfähiges Metalloxid, wie Titanoxid.

Depending on the addition, conductive agent is optionally 1 to 30% by weight, based on the Total compound weight including positive electrode active material. The conductive agent should in particular have a high conductivity. The conductive agent is selected so that it does not induce chemical change in a battery to which the conductive agent is applied. There are suitable for example

• • graphite, such as natural graphite or artificial graphite,
• • Soot or industrial soot, also known under the English name "carbon black",
• • split soot, such as B. Acetylene black, Ketjen black, channel black, especially channel black,
• • Furnace black, such as B. Oven black,
• • lampblack, such as B. Lamp black or buzzer black,
• • carbon black,
• • conductive fiber (s), such as carbon fiber (s) or metal fiber (s),
• • metallic powder, such as carbon fluoride powder, aluminum powder or nickel powder,
• • conductive whiskers, such as zinc oxide or potassium titanate,
• • conductive metal oxide such as titanium oxide.

Conductive materials such as polyphenylene derivatives can be used as the conductive agent.

• • Polyvinylidenfluorid,
• • Polyvinylalkohol,
• • Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC),
• • Stärke,
• • Hydroxypropylcellulose,
• • regenerierte Cellulose,
• • Polyvinylpyrrolidon,
• • Tetrafluorethylen,
• • Polyethylen,
• • Polypropylen,
• • Ethylen-Propylen-Dien-Terpolymer (EPDM),
• • sulfoniertes EPDM,
• • Styrol-Butadien-Kautschuk,
• • Fluorkautschuk und
• • verschiedene Copolymere.

The binding agent is a component that forms or supports the bond between the active material and the conductive agent and the connection to the current collector. The binder is generally added in an amount of 1 to 30% by weight based on the total weight of the compound including the positive electrode active material. Examples of the binding agent include:

• • polyvinylidene fluoride,
• • polyvinyl alcohol,
• • carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC),
• • Strength,
• • hydroxypropyl cellulose,
• • regenerated cellulose,
• • polyvinylpyrrolidone,
• • tetrafluoroethylene,
• • polyethylene,
• • polypropylene,
• • Ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (EPDM),
• • sulfonated EPDM,
• • styrene-butadiene rubber,
• • Fluororubber and
• • various copolymers.

The filler is an optional component that is used to inhibit the expansion of the positive electrode. There is no particular limitation on the filler as long as it does not cause chemical changes in a battery to which the filler is applied and it comprises at least one fibrous material. Examples of the filler are olefin polymers such as polyethylene and polypropylene. B. fiberglass or carbon fiber come into consideration.

The negative electrode can be manufactured by applying an active material of the negative electrode to a negative electrode current collector and drying it. The above-described components can optionally be selectively added to the negative electrode active material to further improve its properties.

As the active material of the negative electrode, for example, carbon can be used, such as. B. non-graphitizing carbon or a carbon based on graphite, a metal composite oxide can be used, such as Li _x Fe ₂ O ₃ (0 ≦ x ≦ 1), Li _x WO ₂ (0 ≦ x ≦ 1), Sn _x Me _{1 -x} Me ' _y O _z (The components can be determined in more detail, e.g. with a selection from the following: Me as Mn, Fe, Pb, Ge; Me' as AI, B, P, Si, group 1, 2 and 3 elements of the periodic table, halogen; 0 ≦ x ≦ 1; 1 ≦ y ≦ 3; 1 ≦ z ≦ 8), lithium metal, lithium alloys, silicon-based alloys, tin-based alloys, metal oxides such as SnO, SnO _{2 are also suitable} , PbO, PbO ₂ , Pb ₂ O ₃ , Pb ₃ O ₄ , Sb ₂ O ₃ , Sb ₂ O ₄ , Sb ₂ O ₅ , GeO, GeO ₂ , Bi ₂ O ₃ , Bi ₂ O ₄ or Bi ₂ O ₅ , conductive polymer such as polyacetylene, or a Li-Co-Ni-based material.

In this way, suitable materials can be combined with one another for the respective desired fields of application in order to make the electrodes particularly efficient.

The separator is arranged between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. For example, an insulating thin film with high ion permeability can be used as the separator. The thin film preferably has high mechanical strength.

In preferred embodiments, the separator can optionally have a pore diameter of 0.01 μm to 10 μm. A thickness of the separator between 5 μm and 300 μm is particularly advantageous. An olefin polymer, for example, can be used as the material for the separator. The Material can be provided as a sheet or as a nonwoven fabric. Polypropylene, which has chemical resistance and hydrophobicity, is particularly advantageous. Glass fiber (s) or polyethylene offer favorable properties for the separator. In embodiments in which a solid electrolyte, such as a polymer, is used as the electrolyte, the solid electrolyte can also function as a separator.

The non-aqueous electrolyte solution with lithium salt comprises a polar organic electrolyte solution and at least one salt of lithium. As the electrolytic solution, a non-aqueous liquid electrolyte solution, an organic solid electrolyte, or an inorganic solid electrolyte can be used. The electrolyte can have chemically different components.

As examples of the non-aqueous liquid electrolyte solution, non-protic organic solvents such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, gamma-butyro-lactone, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, tetrahydroxy franc, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, dimethylsulfoxide, 1,3-dioxolane, formamide, dimethylformamide, dioxolane, acetonitrile, nitromethane, methyl formate, methyl acetate, phosphoric acid triester, trimethoxymethane, dioxolane derivatives, sulfolane, methylsulfolane, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidylenazolidinone derivatives, tetrahydrofuran derivatives, tetrahydrofuran derivatives, tetrahydrofuran derivatives, Ether, methyl propionate and ethyl propionate can be mentioned.

Examples of suitable organic solid electrolytes are polyethylene derivatives, polyethylene oxide derivatives, polypropylene oxide derivatives, phosphoric acid ester polymers, polyreaction lysine, polyester sulfide, polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinylidene fluoride and polymers with ionic dissociation groups.

Examples of suitable inorganic solid electrolytes are nitrides, halides or sulfates of lithium (Li) with common chemical abbreviations for their composition such as Li ₃ N, Lil, Li ₅ NI ₂ , Li ₃ N-Lil-LiOH, LiSiO ₄ , LiSiO ₄ - Lil-LiOH, Li ₂ SiS ₃ , Li ₄ SiO ₄ , Li ₄ SiO ₄ -LiI-LiOH and Li ₃ PO ₄ -Li ₂ S-SiS _{2 may} be mentioned.

The lithium salt is a material that is easily soluble in the above-mentioned non-aqueous electrolytes. The lithium salt can include, for example, one or more of the following: LiCl, LiBr, Lil, LiClO ₄ , LiBF ₄ , LiB ₁₀ Cl ₁₀ , LiPF ₆ , LiCF ₃ SO ₃ , LiCF ₃ CO ₂ , LiAsF ₆ , LiSbF ₆ , LiAlCl ₄ , CH ₃ SO ₃ Li, CF ₃ SO ₃ Li, (CF ₃ SO ₂ ) ₂ NLi, chloroborane lithium, lower aliphatic carboxylic acid lithium, lithium tetraphenyl borate and imido compounds.

With a selection from the mentioned materials for electrolytes, the electrolyte can be adjusted particularly well to the selected electrode material. As a result, good operating properties, such as favorable charging / discharging characteristics for rechargeable batteries or electrical energy storage cells, can be set.

In addition, pyridine, triethyl phosphite, triethanolamine, cyclic ether, ethylenediamine, n-glyme, hexaphosphoric triamide, nitrobenzene derivatives, sulfur and quinone imine dyes, N-substituted oxazolidinone, N, N-substituted imidazolidine, can be used to further improve the charge and discharge properties and as flame retardants. Ethylene glycol dialkyl ether, ammonium salts, pyrrole, 2-methoxyethanol, aluminum trichloride or the like can be added to the non-aqueous electrolyte solution. Under certain circumstances, the non-aqueous electrolyte solution can additionally contain halogen-containing solvents such as carbon tetrachloride and ethylene trifluoride for the property of low flammability. Furthermore, to further improve the high temperature resistance, the non-aqueous electrolyte solution can additionally contain carbon dioxide gas.

For electrical conduction, at least two pole lugs are placed directly on the active surfaces in the area of the high sides. A suitable method for making an electrical connection is a welding process.

It should be emphasized that each individual secondary cell has its own housing. Several secondary cells can be combined in their own (common) housing. The secondary cell or the single cell is part of a group of single cells that are enclosed together. The secondary cells are encased in their own housing. The housing adjoins the single or multiple secondary cells tightly. The secondary cells are in direct contact with the inside of the housing. Although the housings take up space in the module volume and thus reduce the active volume (ostensibly), the housings create numerous advantages: mechanical stability, plane parallelism, favorable thermal conditions, etc. As a result, it means that the housings can increase the use of the module volume.

An electrical current in the middle area, i.e. H. in each case in the area of the high sides transversely to the reaction surface of the active surfaces. The electrical lines are arranged transversely to the active surface.

The space of the module volume immediately adjacent to the pole flags, one of which The pole lug is a positive pole and a pole lug is a negative pole can each be used for a cooling channel (supply cooling channel and discharge cooling channel). The heat-producing active surfaces are cooled in their lateral areas by means of cooling channels.

At least two pole flags are arranged laterally on the respective active surfaces. The two pole flags are each one on a high side. The two pole flags are on opposite high sides of the active surface. Fastening using spot welds is a suitable fastening technique.

The housing can be designed to be very space-saving. The housing can be designed so tightly that the housing only expands the active surface by approx. 2% outwards in one cut. The active area has a height. 2% of this length of the height corresponds to the thickness of the housing.

In order to keep the temperature as evenly distributed as possible over the active surfaces, e.g. B. in spite of a quick charge by means of a very high charging current (z. B. 3 to 4 times the maximum load current), cooling measures can be taken. The shape of the traction accumulators or the individual cells offers the possibility of inserting cooling plates between two individual cells. If sufficient cooling is required, a cooling plate can be used after each individual cell. Such cooling plates can be implemented as sandwich cooling plates. The sandwich function of the cooling plate results from an internal cooling channel design. Sandwich cooling plates can e.g. B. be formed from a double-walled sheet metal. Another option is to use two plastic half-shells that are glued or welded. This creates a cavity between the layers of the cooling plate through which the cooling medium can flow. Liquid cooling media, such as. B. a glycol-water mixture or a refrigerant. The cooling performance can be further increased if the liquid cooling medium is circulated, e.g. B. via a liquid pump for the glycol mixture.

The heat output or the heat output of the sandwich cooling plate can be increased if more than two cooling channels are arranged in the sandwich cooling plate. The cooling channels are advantageously arranged in a central region of the sandwich cooling plate. The sandwich cooling plate has two or more cooling channels that run longitudinally, especially in a central area, seen over the high side of the cooling plate. In this embodiment, the cooling channels extend parallel to the long side, which is known from the shape of the basic shape.

It has been shown that it is advantageous if between ten (10) and forty (40) secondary cells are combined with their respective active surfaces in order to form a battery pack in a module housing or in a cell housing. The number of cells, such as B. 20 cells, is clamped by the housing such as the cell housing or the module housing. There is a compression on the individual cells.

The respective secondary cells of a string are connected to one another in series. In a module housing there is at least one string with secondary cells connected in series.

The secondary cells can be supported by a carrier plate. The base plate of the accumulator housing can be used as the carrier plate. The module housing has a plate that can also be used as a carrier plate. Similarly, the cell housing can also have a plate that serves as a support.

The carrier plate can also be a cooling plate. The traction accumulator has a thermal exchange surface that is offered by the carrier plate. The carrier plate is that part of the module housing or cell housing that is intended to be installed at the lowest point in the vehicle.

The module housing, as well as the cell housing, can be implemented with individual tension elements so that the secondary cells arranged in the interior of the module housing or in the interior of the cell housing are compressed by the module housing or the cell housing. Also by the double wall, i. H. the wall of the module housing and the wall of a single cell, an overall compression can be produced with the aid of the modulus of elasticity of the material of the housing and the modulus of elasticity of the material of the module housing. The swelling or the expansion in the course of charge / discharge cycles or the expansion in the course of aging or the expansion in the course of the storage of water, which is generated by all of the stacked secondary cells, can be achieved by tension systems or tie rods and / or by E-modules of enclosures, such as. B. housing walls are intercepted.

In a particularly advantageous development, especially in the event that high energy losses, e.g. B. in fast charging processes, are to be brought out of the active volume, the carrier plate can be equipped with cooling structures. One possible cooling structure is created by lines for a coolant that are worked into the plate. Lines through which a coolant such as water with or without additives such as (poly) glycol can flow, run lengthways in the carrier plate. The carrier plate is hollow in some places. A coolant flows through the hollow areas. After having flowed through the carrier plate, the coolant can then be cooled again by a heat exchanger. At the same time, as its name suggests, the carrier plate can serve as a mechanical support structure for the package made up of individual cells. The carrier plate takes on several functions. It holds the individual cells in place. In addition, it supports the overall structure of the module by reinforcing it below, i.e. the underside. The carrier plate ensures that the traction accumulator is stiffened in the twisting chassis of a motor vehicle. The carrier plate promotes the cooling of the traction accumulator. Depending on the design, one or the other aspect or one or the other function can predominate or come to the fore.

The proposed form of a traction accumulator is characterized by high active volumes. The traction accumulator presented also offers a favorable energy density-per-weight ratio. In addition to efficient use of installation space, the proposed traction accumulator has a favorable temperature profile over a cross-sectional area during charging and discharging processes. In this way, the heat development associated with high electrical currents can be reliably managed. This aspect also leads to an increase in the service life of the traction accumulators. It is also possible to remove any waste heat generated e.g. B. to a vehicle heat exchanger for secondary use and thus to increase the energy efficiency of the electric drive even further.

It should be emphasized that, in a particularly advantageous embodiment, the housing of the one or more secondary cells is in contact with the secondary cell (s). This means that the housing can be at the same potential as one of the electrodes. The housing is not separated from the electrode of the secondary cell. The housing envelops the secondary cell (s) in a touching manner. The cooling takes place via contact heat dissipation.

The section through the secondary cell, which leads to the derivation or to the visibility of the basic shape, sweeps over an area of which at least 80% of the total area can be used as an active area. An active surface that covers at least 92% of the total surface of the basic shape can be created through an optimized comparison between the long side and the high side.

According to a further aspect, the active volume can also be optimized in the case of the individual enveloped secondary cell design. The active volume is the individual active area of each individual secondary cell of the traction accumulator multiplied by the width of the internal components of the secondary cell. The dimensions of the traction accumulator can be optimized so that at least 60% of the module volume can be used as active volume. If the relationship between long side, high side and width is further optimized, module volumes of more than 62%, in some configurations even more than 65% active volume of the entire module volume (i.e. 60% to more than 65% of the module volume) can be created.

A traction accumulator, in particular for a motor vehicle such as a passenger car, comprises stacked, prismatic electrochemical secondary cells, in particular with at least one lithium-ion electrode and preferably with a non-aqueous electrolyte. The secondary cells have a rectangular, elongated basic shape in a section. The basic shape has at least three times the length of the basic shape running along a long side compared to a height of the basic shape running along a high side. The basic shape continues in a width to form a conversion volume with active elements layered parallel to one another. The volume is part of a module volume of the traction accumulator. A cut surface resulting from the cut is at least 80% an active surface, ideally more than 92% an active surface. It is also possible that an active volume resulting from the active area times the width takes up at least 60% of the module volume, ideally even more than 62% of the module volume.

The thickness of the extruded profile can vary from side to side. The thicknesses are between 0.5 mm and 5 mm. The side that is supposed to take on a cooling function has z. B. a thickness of 2 mm, while the other three sides each have a thickness of 1 mm. It is also possible that the cooling side of the extruded profile has a thickness of 4 mm to 5 mm, while the other sides remain with thicknesses below 2 mm.

The housing of a single cell can be made of a metal. Metals that come into question for this are z. B. aluminum or stainless steel. The housings can be made of aluminum or stainless steel. Due to the shape of the housing, it is possible to manufacture the metal housing as extruded profiles. Such an extruded profile can be cut to length to the length or broadside of the active surfaces.

The housing can be designed in some areas in the form of conductor plates, although it is preferably an extruded profile or with a component produced by an extrusion process can be created. Individual sides or areas can be formed by deflector plates that promote the dissipation of thermal energy. In a further embodiment, it is also possible to join the extruded profile with a conductor plate to form an overall housing. The discharge plate forms one layer of the multi-layer housing.

The box-shaped extruded profile can be closed at its end by plates. These plates are to be used in the extruded profile. The panels rest against the extruded profile ends from the inside. A burst weakening can be incorporated into such a plate. This is z. B. by milling a fracture slot in the face of one of the plates. The part of the housing that is made as an extruded profile protrudes over the inserted plate on all four sides. Two such plates are inserted on opposite sides. The plates look at each other in mirror image. At least one of the plates has a burst weakening, e.g. B. a double Y profile. At the point of the burst weakening, the housing can bulge outwards. The bursting area or the bursting weakening results from a perforation or thinning along a cut, which fans out at its two ends in two directions deviating by 60 °. The ends of the cut, thinning or perforation diverge in a V-shape.

Several secondary cells are combined to form a sub-stack. In a particularly material-saving variant or embodiment, one of the secondary cells rests with an active surface on one of the sides of the extruded profile. This at least one secondary cell determines the electrical potential of the extruded profile. Only the remaining active areas are isolated, e.g. B. layered over inlaid foils, opposite the first active surface and opposite the surface of the extruded profile. Because insulating insert foils only contribute slightly to the increase in weight, an all-round insulated secondary cell, which is part of a sub-stack in which all secondary cells are wrapped in insulated all round, creates a module that is easier to handle. If material is to be saved, the insulation on at least one side between the cell housing and the active volume can be dispensed with. If a more secure module is to be created, all secondary cells are individually wrapped in insulation.

Channels can be incorporated into the housing.

The secondary cells are arranged in the housing in such a way that one side of a profile comprising four sides produced by the extrusion process runs parallel to the active surface of one of the secondary cells. A side adjacent to this extends at a 90 ° angle to the side parallel to the active surface. The extruded profile looks like a tunnel or sleeve.

Figure list

• 1 eine seitliche Ansicht einer Einzelzelle mit einem (sichtbaren) Kontakt zeigt,
• 2 eine Einzelzelle aus einer im 90°-Winkel querverlaufenden Perspektive (im Vergleich mit 1) zeigt,
• 3 einen Schnitt A - A durch die Einzelzelle nach 1 zeigt,
• 4 Außenumrisse einer Einzelzelle mit ihrem Zellengehäuse zeigt,
• 5 einen Stapel wechselweise gegensätzlich zueinander orientierter Einzelzellen zur Bildung eines Moduls zeigt,
• 6 eine erste Ausführungsform eines Moduls zeigt,
• 7 eine zweite Variante eines Moduls zeigt,
• 8 das Modul aus 7 aus einer Perspektive von oben zeigt,
• 9 das Modul nach 7 in einer teilgeöffneten Darstellung zeigt,
• 10 eine weitere Ausführungsform einer Einzelzelle im Modulgehäuse zeigt,
• 11 eine Kühlplatte in einem Modulgehäuse zeigt,
• 12 eine Ausführungsvariante eines Stapels zeigt, der sich aus Einzelzellen nach 10 zusammensetzen kann,
• 13 ein Gehäuse eines Moduls von oben zeigt,
• 14 ein Modulgehäuse in einer isometrischen Darstellung zeigt,
• 15 ein teilgeöffnetes Modul zeigt, das z. B. aus dem Inneren des Gehäuses nach 13 stammen kann,
• 16 ein Einzelzellengehäuse mit einer „Berstscheibe“ bzw. einer Berstfuge zeigt,
• 17 ein Traktionsakkumulator mit Modulgehäuse einer weiteren Ausführungsform mit einer flüssigkeitsgekühlten Trägerplatte zeigt,
• 18 einen inneren Teil des Traktionsakkumulators zeigt und
• 19 einen Ausschnitt aus der Darstellung nach 18 zeigt.

The present invention can be better understood by referring to the accompanying drawings, wherein

• 1 shows a side view of a single cell with a (visible) contact,
• 2 a single cell from a transverse perspective at a 90 ° angle (compared with 1 ) shows,
• 3 a section A - A through the single cell 1 shows,
• 4th Shows the outer outlines of a single cell with its cell housing,
• 5 shows a stack of single cells that are alternately oppositely oriented to form a module,
• 6th shows a first embodiment of a module,
• 7th shows a second variant of a module,
• 8th the module 7th shows from a perspective from above,
• 9 the module according to 7th shows in a partially opened representation,
• 10 shows another embodiment of a single cell in the module housing,
• 11 shows a cooling plate in a module housing,
• 12th shows a variant of a stack that is made up of individual cells 10 can put together
• 13th shows a housing of a module from above,
• 14th shows a module housing in an isometric view,
• 15th shows a partially open module z. B. from inside the housing 13th can come from
• 16 shows a single cell housing with a "bursting disc" or a bursting joint,
• 17th shows a traction accumulator with module housing of a further embodiment with a liquid-cooled carrier plate,
• 18th shows an inner part of the traction accumulator and
• 19th an excerpt from the illustration according to 18th shows.

Figure description

1 shows a first embodiment of a single cell 53 with their cell housing 31 at which the first contact 47 is appropriate. Such single cells as the single cell 53 can stack a traction accumulator like the traction accumulator 1 ^II to 9 form. Every single cell 53 has a width 11 by the width of the cell housing 31 is determined. The shape of the single cell 53 and thus the shape of the cell housing 31 is when from the in 1 shown side view of the cell housing 31 is looked, oblong and upright. Becomes the single cell 53 along the in 1 shown cutting line AA cut, this results in the in 3 shown sectional drawing of the cell housing 31 . The width 11 is narrower than the length 15th the high side 9 .

2 shows the cell housing 31 from a front view of the single cell 53 . In this view, the basic form is good 5 the single cell 53 due to the dimensions of the cell housing 31 to recognize. The basic form 5 is a bar-like, elongated, rectangular shape. The long side 7th is longer than the high side 9 . The contacts 47 , 49 sit on the side, on the edge of the cell housing 31 . The contacts 47 , 49 limit the high sides 9 to each end of the cell housing 31 . This means that with the prismatic cell shape of the single cell 53 two contacts 47 , 49 are available, one contact each 47 , 49 on its high side 9 . The prismatic cell shape of the single cell 53 has two high sides 9 . The contacts 47 , 49 sit eccentrically placed along the length 15th the high side 9 .

As I said, the cell casing is 31 to 2 roughly in the middle of its width 11 (see 1 ) cut (cutting line AA ), the result is a (simplified schematic) view 3 . The cell housing 31 grasps through its basic shape 5 the active area in a rectangular manner 19th a. The cell housing 31 represents the boundary and borders on the outside or to the outside 51 from. The active area 19th is through the cell housing 31 opposite outside 51 limited. The active area 19th has a length 13th that are multiples of the height 15th amounts to. The length 13th the long side 7th is through the contacts 47 , 49 outward 51 extended. The contacts 47 , 49 are on the high sides 9 . The case 31 the cells have different thicknesses 69 , 69 'on.

In 4th is the cell housing 31 the single cell 53 with their contacts 47 , 49 shown as a narrow, elongated, rectangular box enclosing the active area. Part of the conversion volume 21 is made by every single cell 53 made available. Becomes the active area 19th (please refer 3 ) in width 11 (see. 1 ) lengthened, the result is the (total) conversion volume 21. Due to the plane-parallel arrangement of the electrodes and the electrolyte over the entire active surface 19th away, is the internal volume of the cell housing 31 with the conversion volume 21 the single cell 53 almost completely filled out. This allows active volumes of at least 60% (based on the total volume of the traction accumulator 1 (see. 5 )) produce. With a ratio of more than 3 between the long side 7th and high side 9 (see 2 and 3 ) even active volumes of more than 62%, ideally even more than 65%, can be created.

5 shows a module housing 33 with the two collective current conductors 55 , 57 . The collective current conductor 55 , 57 of the traction accumulator 1 sit on the first and last single cell of the single cells 53 , 53 ^I. , 53 ^II . The individual cell housings 31 , 31 ^I. , 31 ^II are with their surfaces, formed from long side and high side (cf. 3 ), stacked on top of one another, to form the traction accumulator 1 to build. The single cells 53 , 53 ' , 53 ^II rest on the carrier plate 45 . After the collective current conductor 57 are the secondary cells 3 , 3 ^I. , 3 ^II , 3 ^III piled up, one against the other, present.

6th shows a sectional view through a further embodiment of a traction accumulator 1 ^I. . The traction accumulator 1 ^I. can be based on its mounting rails, such as the mounting rail 59 and the mounting rail 59 ^I. on a vehicle chassis, e.g. B. in the underfloor area. The term underfloor area denotes the area for a floor assembly of a motor vehicle (not shown). A module housing sidewall 61 has the uninterrupted or one-piece continuous mounting rail 59 on. The mounting rails that are parallel to each other in pairs 59 , 59 ^I. form a structural stiffening of the traction accumulator in the manner of T-beams 1 ^I. , e.g. B. to support bracing elements for individual cells, such as tension elements or pressure elements, which are inside a module housing 33 available. According to a further aspect is the mounting rail 59 designed like cooling ribs. In the installed state of the module housing 33 is a heat dissipation from the module housing 33 promoted to the floor pan of a vehicle or the vehicle chassis (not shown). The mounting rail 59 , 59 ^I. can also be used as a (first) heat dissipation bridge of the module housing 33 are designated. The module housing 33 is composed of plate-like elements. The module housing 33 has a module housing base 63 , to which the Module housing side wall 61 connects. The module housing 33 is removed from the module housing cover 65 limited upwards. The active area 19th is of their pole flags 25th , 27 laterally closed. It can also be said that the pole flags 25th , 27 the active area 19th are assigned laterally or that the pole flags 25th , 27 on the side areas of the active area 19th available. The active area 19th can be a potential difference between the pole lugs 25th , 27 provide. The pole flags 25th , 27 are in the middle area 17th , 17 ^I. the active area 19th . The first pole flag 25th goes into first contact 47 above. The second pole flag 27 goes to the second contact 49 above. On the side of the active areas 19th of the single cells 53 , 53 ^I. , 53 ^II (see 5 ) the individual contacts close 47 , 49 at. An area-wide connection of the pole lug 25th , 29 to the respective assigned contact 47 , 49 forms a current passage cross-section. In this way, a transmission resistance, in particular for electricity and heat, is kept as low as possible. The mounting rail 59 is located on the side wall of the module housing 61 in an upper area 62 the module housing side wall 61 . The upper area 62 is located closer to the module housing cover 65 than with the module housing base 63 . The mounting rail 59 can e.g. B. as a branch or as a fold of the module housing side wall 61 be trained. From another point of view is the mounting rail 59 closer to the contacts 47 , 49 arranged than with the exchange area 71 . This can remove heat from contacts 47 , 49 better be diverted away. The exchange surface extends in the same dimension as the long side 7 ^I 71 in their longest extent. The exchange area 71 and the module housing base 63 are with the traction accumulator 1 ^I. identical. The high side 9 ^I. stands vertically on the long side 7 ^I. The arrangement perpendicular to one another relates to an installed state. As an alternative, it is also possible to speak of a right-angled position to one another, which enables particularly space-saving packing.

In the module housing 33 there are convection channels 77 , 77 ^I. in which the flow of a coolant, such as air, is promoted by heating. Convection channels 77 , 77 ^I. support a dissipation of heat, especially from the contacts 47 , 49 . A first convection channel 77 is between an inside 73 the first module housing side wall 61 and the active area 19th arranged. A second convection channel 77 ^I. is in front of an inside 73 ^I. a second module housing side wall 61 ^I. available. Equilateral heat dissipation creates a temperature gradient at or between the central areas 17th , 17 ^I. at least defused or flattened. Temperature peaks that are unfavorable for an operating state are avoided.

Spacers 93 , 93 ^I , which is between the active area 19th and the module housing sidewalls 61 , 61 ^I. are arranged, enable a uniform positioning of individual cells in the module housing 33 . You can also use spacers 93 , 93 ^I. as second heat conduction bridges 93 , 93 ^I. be designed and in particular have a high coefficient of thermal conductivity. This allows heat to be dissipated, especially from the central areas 17th , 17 ^I. the active area 19th a respective single cell 53 (see. 5 ), improved even further. In further advantageous embodiments, spacers can be designed as electrical or thermal contacts. It is also possible to use one or more spacers each as a flow guide plate, in particular as part of a channel, such as a convection channel 77 , 77 ^I. or to form a cooling channel, or as part of a cooling channel chamber.

Is an additional cooling through a convection channel 77 , 77 ^I. is not required, in a further embodiment variant, one for the convection channel 77 , 77 ^I. provided space or a chamber in the module housing 33 be filled by a swelling polymer foam. If a filler, such as polymer foam, is placed between the module housing sidewalls 61 , 61 ^I. and the active area 19th is present, the amplitudes of low-frequency oscillations in the acoustic (frequency) range, in particular below a few kHz (e.g. 5 kHz), are well attenuated. A possible mechanical load on the active surface in special driving situations 19th vehicle vibrations are further reduced.

In 7th is a traction accumulator 1 ^II seen in 3D. Like the traction accumulator 1 ^I. (to 6th ) from the module housing cover 65 is limited upwards, the traction accumulator 1 ^II from the module housing side wall 61 ^I. , Module housing bottom 63 ^I. , Module housing cover 65 ^I. and module housing rear wall 67 , 67 ^I. composed. The mounting rail runs on the outside edge 59 ^II . On the opposite side to the side with the first mounting rail 59 ^II is the second mounting rail 59 ^III arranged. On a top of the traction accumulator 1 ^II , ie in the area of the module housing cover 65 ^I. , there are convection outflow openings 79 , 79 ^I. , like a first convection outflow opening 79 and a second convection exhaust port 79 ^I. . Convection inflow openings, such as a first convection inflow opening 75 , are located as passages or inlets for air in the module housing base 63 ^I. . In the embodiment of 7th is a convection inflow opening 75 in the middle between two convection outflow openings 79 , 79 ^I. in an area of the module housing base 63 ^I. arranged. The flow through the traction accumulator 1 ^II with coolant, such as air, is thus bidirectional through a branched convection channel inside the Traction accumulator 1 ^II (therefore in 7th not visible) in opposite directions. As a result, heat is dissipated particularly efficiently.

Contact points 81 , 81 ^I. for an external connection, as in 7th is shown, each in a recess of the module housing cover 65 ^I. accessible for a current draw. The contact points 81 , 81 ^I. are each through an adjustable cover 83 , 83 ^I. , in the 7th is shown for a better overview in a partially open state, protected from accidental or unintentional contact. The attachment of the traction accumulator 1 ^II takes place via mounting rails 59 ^II , 59 ^III instead, which have an auricle-like appearance. In other words, the mounting rails are like small rectangular plates. The mounting rails 59 ^II , 59 ^III are on the side as well as the side in a repeating manner 61 ^I. appropriate. The first mounting rail 59 ^II and the second mounting rail 59 ^III enable precise feeding of the external contact points 81 , 81 ^I. to the electrical connection points on a vehicle (not shown). A mutually opposite arrangement of the first contact point 81 and the second contact point 81 ^I. on the traction accumulator 1 ^II , especially in the area of the module housing rear wall 67 , 67 ^I. , facilitates installation in the vehicle. The mounting rails 59 ^II , 59 ^III form an opposite pole to the homopolar contact points 81 , 81 ^I. . In other words, there is an electrical connection via the module housing.

As in 8th can be seen through the view from above, the (from 7th known) individual parts of the module housing side wall 61 ^I. , Module housing bottom 63 ^I. , Module housing cover 65 ^I. and module housing rear wall 67 , 67 ^I. a module volume 23 . The module volume 23 comprises a (almost) cuboid, rectangular, elongated, longer than wider, wider than higher comprehensive space, which is defined by the basic shape 5 (see 3 ) is determined. Between the two back panels of the module housing 67 , 67 'of the traction accumulator 1 ^II are the convection outflow openings 79 , 79 ^I. placed to which the convection channel 77 ^I. the heat from the interior of the traction accumulator 1 ^III discharges.

In 9 becomes the traction accumulator 1 ^II to 7th shown in a half-open variant, whereby the arrangement of the individual cells 53 , 53 ^I. , 53 ^II you can see. The single cells 53 , 53 ^I. , 53 ^II each have, inter alia, a module housing cover connection surface 85 , 85 ^I. , 85 ^II which are each designed to be flat or planar. A heat conduction connection of the cover connection surfaces 85 , 85 ^I. , 85 ^II with the module housing cover 65 ^I. (please refer 8th ) is trainable. Particularly favorable for dissipating heat output from the individual cells 53 , 53 ^I. , 53 ^II it is when between module housing cover 65 ^I. and the module housing cover connection surfaces 85 , 85 ^I. , 85 ^II nor a leveling compound (not shown), such as a thermally conductive adhesive or graphite paste, is present, which has a high coefficient of thermal conductivity, e.g. B. in the size of the coefficient of thermal conductivity of a metallic conductor, preferably of more than 1 W / (m * K) (one watt per meter times Kelvin). The thickness of the leveling compound is preferably less than 1 mm. The balancing mass can, for. B. on the module housing cover 65 ^I. (please refer 8th ) or the module housing base 63 ^I. (please refer 9 ) can be sprayed on, poured out, rolled on or glued on. With the help of a contact pressure, there is a gap between the module housing cover 65 ^I. and the module housing cover connection surfaces 85 , 85 ^I. , 85 ^II can be minimized. In other words, the module housing bottom is also 63 ^I. in a corresponding manner with the single cells 53 , 53 ^I. , 53 ^II thermally connectable. The module housing cover 65 ^I. (please refer 8th ) as well as the module housing base 63 ^I. can have a sheet thickness of 1 mm to 3 mm, preferably 2 mm. The respective metal sheets or plates protrude beyond the individual cells, like the individual cells 53 , 53 ^I. , 53 ^II , on the side. This results in a flat, full-surface connection and, in particular, good heat dissipation from the individual cells 53 , 53 ^I. , 53 ^II enables. The leveling compound can also be referred to as a heat conduction bridge. In this way, all individual cells of the traction accumulator 1 ^II , like the single cells 53 , 53 ' , 53 ^II , particularly good passive cooling. So floor cooling, lid cooling and a combination of both - depending on the performance requirement - can be designed as cooling variants. The single cells 53 , 53 ^I. , 53 ^II are layered next to each other along the module housing side wall 61 ^I. , one next to the other on the module housing base 63 ^I. arranged. The existing single cells, as well as the single cells 53 , 53 ' , 53 ^II , form (essentially) the module volume 23 .

So that the single cells 53 , 53 ' , 53 ^II The individual cells should have particularly good, ie large-area, contact surfaces (ie under each other or between them) 53 , 53 ^I. , 53 ^II have been joined together under mechanical tension. The mechanical tension should not decrease after joining. Due to the peculiarity of lithium-ion cells to increase in thickness over the course of their operating life, the increase in volume can even be used positively to maintain the contact surfaces. One way of making good electrical contact is to put the individual parts of the housing, such as the side wall, under tension 61 ^I. or the module housing base 63 ^I. weld together. The parts forming a frame, such as. B. the side wall 61 ^I. and the module housing rear wall 67 ^I. , can be arranged tensioned in a mold and then welded together. The frame is slight (1% to 2% less than a regular total length from the stacked individual cells 53 , 53 ^I. , 53 ^II ) smaller than for the stacked single cells 53 , 53 ^I. , 53 ^II would be required if this was not under tension in the module volume 23 have been introduced.

In the 10 to 15th becomes a variant of a traction accumulator 101 , 101 ^I. , 101 ^II shown on a rectangular base shape 105 building next to the active areas 119 in the module housing 133 , 133 ^I. , 133 ^II Cooling channels 135 , 137 having.

As in 10 can be seen is the single cell 153 through the module housing 133 edged. In the module housing 133 is on both sides of the active surface 119 that have a basic rectangular shape 105 has, in each case a cooling channel 135 , 137 arranged. A first cooling channel 135 includes a cooling channel wall 138 that are in a cooling channel chamber 191 of the module housing 133 is fitted. The first cooling channel 135 is located next to a mounting rail 159 and is thus largely against possible twisting of the module housing 133 protected. From the first cooling duct 135 branch further cooling channels, such as the cooling channel 141 (please refer 11 ), which is oriented transversely to the cooling duct 135 in a cold plate 139 (please refer 11 ) extend. Like the first cooling channel 135 is a second cooling channel 137 in a second cooling channel chamber 191 ^I. located in the area of a second mounting rail 159 ^I. located, arranged. The cooling duct wall 138 ^I. goes into a cooling plate 139 (please refer 11 ) above. A positioning of the active area 119 in the module housing 133 is among other things by spacers 193 , 193 ^I. set laterally. Any spacer 193 , 193 ^I. is located between a cooling channel chamber 191 , 191 ^I. and a convection duct 177 , 177 ^I. . A first convection channel 177 is a first post flag 125 assigned. A second post flag 127 protrudes into a second convection channel 177 ^I. into it. Any convection channel 177 , 177 ^I. provides an installation space for contacts, like a first contact 147 or a second contact 149 , which can also be referred to as electrical conductor bridges. The spacers 193 , 193 ^I. can, in exemplary embodiments, be designed, among other things, as components of a tension element or as guides for tension elements. A tension element is used to hold a plurality of individual cells, such as the individual cell 153 To enclose and especially to compress into a compact unit. With a flat connection of the active surface 119 to the module housing base 163 , there is a first discharge branch for heat output. The cooling channels 135 , 137 form a second discharge branch for heat output, the cooling output of which can be switched on, in particular as required, in connection with a closed cooling circuit. In advantageous embodiments, a further heat dissipation branch z. B. also be formed by at least one heat conduction bridge. For monitoring a temperature at a specific point on the active surface 119 (e.g. at the edge area, adjacent to the cooling channels 135 , 137 ) a temperature sensor is used 198 , 198 ^I. . The temperature sensors 198 , 198 ^I. , the z. B. are designed as analog sensors such as a resistor or a bimetal contact, are each in the module housing 133 , especially in the cooling channel chambers 191 , 191 ^I. , arranged. The cooling channels 135 , 137 are supplied with coolant as required by a temperature sensor-controlled pump of a cooling or heat exchanger system (not shown).

In order to enable such charge controls as load balancing, cell voltage monitors can also be installed in the module housing 133 to 10 be built in. Cell voltage monitoring can record the voltages of each individual cell, but also the voltage of a group of cells and, if necessary, monitor it for a critical or functional working area. If the nominal voltage of a single cell is e.g. B. 3.7 volts, a functional area can be located above 3.7 volts. If the single cell voltage falls below 3.7 volts, a critical voltage can be assumed. If several cells are combined into a group, a sub-stack, in order to be monitored together, the individual voltage must be multiplied by the number of cells connected together. That is, e.g. B. with three cells the nominal voltage is 11.1 volts. The group cell voltage monitoring would therefore monitor for a limit value of 11.1 volts.

In 11 becomes a sandwich cooling plate 139 shown (open in the middle, ie only one sheet or only one side), which is also in the module housing 133 can be arranged. The cooling channels running parallel in sections 141 , 141 ^I. , 141 ^II , 141 ^III lead the cooling medium 143 . Also the cooling plate 139 has an elongated, almost identical basic shape 105 compared to the basic shape 105 the single cell 153 (please refer 10 ). The single cell 153 is in the housing of the cell 131 (please refer 12th ) clamped. How further by comparing heights between 11 and 10 can be seen, a first height 140 the sandwich plate 139 preferably slightly, e.g. B. by a value between 1 mm and 10 mm, from a length of a high side 115 the single cell 153 differ. At least one sandwich panel foot is advantageous 142 present, which selectively a spacer, similar, in particular in its dimensions, to the spacer 193 (see. 10 ), between the sandwich cooling plate 139 and a module housing 133 forms. This results in a loss of cooling capacity to the module housing 133 kept as low as possible. A possible formation of condensation on the module housing 133 can be suppressed. The sandwich plate 139 can be made of a metal, such as stainless steel or copper, or in different embodiments be made of a plastic with a suitably high thermal conductivity. A thickness of the sandwich cold plate 139 in a normal direction, standing on the largest surface of the plate or the basic shape 105 for the module housing 133 , is approx. 1.3 mm. In several series of experiments to cool a traction accumulator 101 , 101 ^I. , 101 ^II thicknesses between 0.5 mm and 5 mm have proven to be particularly practical. One in an edge area of the basic shape 105 circumferential sealing lip 195 the sandwich cooling plate 139 encloses all parallel cooling channels 141 , 141 ^I. , 141 ^II , 141 ^III and in particular the first cooling channel 135 and the second cooling channel 137 at least in one cross-sectional area. If the surface pressure is sufficient, the sealing lip can also be used 195 omitted. The first cooling channel 135 and the second cooling channel 137 and end areas of the sandwich panel 139 are united. The sandwich plate 139 has a lower second height in the end regions 140 ^I. on than the first height 140 . The sealing lip can be used as z. B. be formed by a sealing cord or a rubber sealing ring, in particular swellable under the action of coolant. This is one for a cooling medium 143 impermeable connection of the sandwich cooling plate 139 to a single cell, like the single cell 153 according to 10 , or their housing can be designed. With one via a single cell connection area 187 the sandwich cooling plate 139 uniform surface pressing away from an alternating stacking arrangement of sandwich cooling plates, such as the sandwich cooling plate 139 , and single cells, such as the single cell 153 Adequate tightness can already be achieved through tension elements - even without a sealing lip 195 - be achieved. The sealing lip 195 serves, among other things, to compensate for production-related surface roughness.

When assembling the individual cells 153 and the cooling plates 139 is the cooling channel 135 to compose. The cooling duct 135 is a continuously tight cooling channel 135 . Gluing and (plastic) welding are possible sealing options. In the in 11 The embodiment shown are the individual pieces of the cooling channel 135 glued. Alternatively, of course, the use of elastomer seal (s) such as. B. O-rings into consideration.

In 11 it is also shown that the first cooling channel 135 and the second cooling channel 137 , preferably also the parallel cooling channels 141 , 141 ^I. , 141 ^II , 141 ^III , have a height or depth which is at least part of the thickness of the sandwich cooling plate 139 corresponds to. The cooling channels 135 , 137 , both of which can also be referred to as supply cooling channels, are used to supply or remove coolant 143 to or from the cooling ducts 141 , 141 ^I , 141 ^II , 141 ^III . The cooling channels 141 , 141 ^I. , 141 ^II , 141 ^III can also be referred to as plate cooling channels, in particular in the supply cooling channels 135 , 137 flow out. The cooling channels 141 , 141 ^I. , 141 ^II , 141 ^III lie in the sandwich cooling plate 139 as fanned out flow connection (s). A flow occurs, for example, through the basic shape 105 in one direction from a first side wall 161 to a second side wall (see second side wall 61 ^I. in 6th ) leads there. The first cooling channel 135 and the second cooling channel 137 have a channel height 144 and a channel width 144 ^I. on. The canal height 144 is a multiple of the channel width 144 ^I. . The canal height 144 is smaller than a high side 115 a single cell 153 (see 10 ). This creates the space in the module housing 133 optimally used, so that the largest possible basic shape 105 in the module housing 133 in addition to the required electrical connections (not shown) may be present. The most even possible flow through the sandwich cooling plate 139 is made by guiding the flow to cooling duct lamellas, such as cooling duct lamellas 194 , 194 ^I. , 194 ^II , generated. The cooling duct lamellas 194 , 194 ^I. , 194 ^II limit cooling channels, like the cooling channels 141 , 141 ^I. , 141 ^II , 141 ^III . The cooling medium 143 , which can also be referred to as coolant or cooling fluid, thus flows evenly through different areas of the base area 105 . The cooling channels the cooling channels 141 , 141 ^I. , 141 ^II , 141 ^III are narrower or less wide than the width of a channel 144 ^I. and in particular less high than a channel height 144 of the first cooling channel 135 or second cooling channel 137 . The cooling channels 141 , 141 ^I. , 141 ^II , 141 ^III point close to the supply channels 135 , 137 a first cooling channel width 196 that is smaller than a second cooling channel width 197 which is in the rest of the area of the basic form 105 extends. In other words, it forms a longer compensation path 199 and resulting in a shorter cooling duct 141 Due to their greater length, they also have a greater flow resistance than a shorter compensation section 199 ^I. . Is there a longer cooling channel 141 ^III before, is the compensation section 199 ^I. shorter (see also the cooling duct 141 ^I. ). This allows in the supply channels 135 , 137 a flow rate profile across a utility duct height 144 can be applied across the board, keep constant. A quasi-laminar flow through the cooling channels 135 , 137 , 141 , 141 ^I. , 141 ^II , 141 ^III is made possible, whereby the cooling needs less pumping power. In particular, the cooling channels of different sandwich cooling plates are like the cooling channels 141 , 141 ^I. , 141 ^II , 141 ^III in a stacked arrangement according to 12th who have a plurality of sandwich cold plates, such as the sandwich cold plate 139 , having, arranged parallel to one another.

The cell housing 131 , 131 ^I. , 131 ^II offer, as in 12th you can see the contact surfaces for the attachment of the individual cells 153 . The single cells, like those in 12th single cell shown 153 of the traction accumulator 101 , are on one Carrier plate 145 arranged. Depending on the orientation of the traction accumulator 101 either form the cover plate 146 or the carrier plate 145 a mechanical support element of the traction accumulator 101 . The carrier plate 145 and the cover plate 146 belong to the module housing 133 . In the module housing 133 are between the carrier plate 145 and the cover plate 146 all cell housings, like the cell housings 131 , 131 ^I. , 131 ^II , flush with sandwich panels, such as the sandwich panels 139 , 139 ^I. , 139 ^II , arranged side by side. The sandwich plate 139 forms part of the cell housing 131 . In other words, each cell case comprises 131 , 131 ^I. , 131 ^II exactly one sandwich plate 139 , 139 ^I. , 139 ^II . The single cell arrangement extends in the module housing 133 from a first collective current conductor 155 via a first secondary cell 103 , a second secondary cell 103 ^I. , over a total of 20 secondary cells to a second collective current conductor 157 . A traction accumulator with a larger or smaller number of secondary cells can also be structured in the same way as the one from 10 known traction accumulator 101 being constructed. Outside 151 are on the module housing 133 the cooling duct connections 136 , 136 ^I. that are used as quick connectors for the first cooling duct 135 are present, arranged. The quick connector 136 , 136 ^I. are equipped with an unlocking element. The unlocking element (not shown) enables the traction accumulator to be connected 101 the opening of a respective associated quick connector counterpart with a retaining valve on a closed cooling circuit. This enables a cooling medium-cooled accumulator 101 be replaced particularly quickly by a second, in particular identical accumulator. This second can be put into operation immediately as an energy source.

13th shows a module housing 133 ^I. a traction accumulator 101 ^I. from above, ie in a view of a module housing cover 165 . The module housing cover 165 has several recesses, in particular for a first convection outflow opening 179 and a first point of contact 181 on. From the module housing 133 ^I. the single cells (not visible) are enclosed by the tension elements in pairs 134 , 134 ^I. as 134 ^II , 134 ^III are pressed together. Tension elements 134 , 134 ^I. , 134 ^II , 134 ^III are via housing connectors 132 , 132 ^I , 132 ^II , 132 ^III flexible to the module housing 133 ^I. connected. To a housing connector 132 , 132 ^I. , 132 ^II , 132 ^III includes a flexible hard rubber sleeve. This allows installations inside the module housing 133 ^I. from the module housing 133 ^I. uncouple. There is a decoupling of vibrations, tension or twisting that affect the module housing 133 ^I. , e.g. B. on the mounting rails 159 , 159 ^I. can act. Any mounting rail 159 , 159 ^I. extends a distance along one side of the housing 133 ^I. . The mounting rail 159 , 159 ^I. is part of a larger overall track. The mounting rail159, 159 ^I. has a length that depends on the main oscillation behavior of the traction accumulator 101 ^I. is matched. The mounting rails 159 , 159 ^I. are along a length of the housing 133 ^I. not completely continuous, they are interrupted and are made up of individual pieces.

As already to 13th addressed, there are housing connectors 132 , 132 ^I. , 132 ^II , 132 ^III . Thanks to the housing connector 132 , 132 ^I. , 132 ^II , 132 ^III can be accessed from the outside on the traction accumulator 101 ^I. Decouple acting vibrations better. It also allows the combination of tension elements 134 , 134 ^I. , 134 ^II , 134 ^III and the housing connector designed as bushings 132 , 132 ^I. , 132 ^II , 132 ^III retensioning or releasing the tension elements 134 , 134 ^I. , 134 ^II , 134 ^III from outside the module housing 133 ^I3 .

Another embodiment of a module housing 133 ^II for a traction accumulator 101 ^II is isometric in 14th shown. The module housing back panels 167 , 167 ^I. of the module housing 133 ^II have passages for a first cooling channel 135 and for a second cooling channel 137 on. In other words, the two are cooling channels 135 , 137 parallel through the module housing 133 ^II laid through. In a triangular configuration in the manner of an isosceles triangle or trapezoid is located between the cooling channels 135 , 137 a first point of contact 181 . The first point of contact 181 is a first module housing rear wall 167 assigned. This enables a maximum spacing for the installation of the respective connections (not shown) in a motor vehicle. Cooling medium cannot reach the contact point 181 reach.

As in 15th can be seen that the in 13th module housing shown 133 ^I. when open shows the contacts are located 147 , 149 adjacent to each other in an alignment. The contacts 147 , 149 can through spot welds 129 be realized. Unlike in 13th have been included in 15th the tension elements are hidden. Between two single cells, like the single cells 153 , 153 ^I. , each is a sandwich plate, like the sandwich plate 139 , fitted. The sandwich plate 139 is both with the first cooling channel 135 as well as with the second cooling channel 137 connected. The sandwich plate 139 can also be referred to as a cooling plate or a flow or cross-flow connection. The cooling plate receives a refrigerant (not shown) 139 the ability to provide cooling performance for the traction accumulator 101 ^I. to provide. The cooling capacity is the individual cells 153 , 153 ^I. evenly provided. The cooling plate 139 works as a cold distributor. A first single cell 153 and a second single cell 153 ^I. are over the cooling plate 139 heat flow connected with each other. By stringing together cooling plates, such as the cooling plate 139 , and single cells 153 , 153 ^I. can be used over an entire module volume 123 away from an operating temperature of the traction accumulator 101 ^I. stabilize. On the single cells, like the single cells 153 , 153 ^I. , is always on the high sides 109 , 109 ^I. a shield spring, such as the shield spring 130 , appropriate. The shielding springs 130 offer additional protection both thermally and mechanically, especially in terms of vibration, for the cooling channel walls 138 , 138 ^I. . High outside temperatures or deformations can spread over the side walls of the module housing 161 to a lesser extent (compared to a traction accumulator without a shielding spring) on the cooling channels 138 , 138 ^I. affect, so that a cooling of the individual cells 153 , 153 ^I. can work particularly efficiently and reliably.

In 16 becomes a single cell housing 131 ^III with a surface with a bursting joint 76 is shown. The bursting joint 76 is located in a special area of the housing 131 ^III , the bursting area 150 . The bursting area 150 is adjacent, immediately following one of the contacts, the first contact 147 ^I. of the housing. The bursting joint leads in its main direction of extent from the carrier plate 145 ^I. of the single-cell housing 131 ^III path.

17th shows a further embodiment of a traction accumulator 201 . From the outside is from the traction accumulator 201 its module housing 233 to see. How with the 18th can be seen are the essential parts, the individual cells with their cell housings 231 , 231 ^I. , 231 ^II , 231 ^III inside the module housing 233 (please refer 17th ) arranged. The module housing 233 is made from an extruded profile. The module housing 233 forms through its individual sides like the module housing cover 265 a single cell housing 231 , 231 ^I. , 231 ^II , 231 ^III completely enclosing housing. Further sides of the module housing 233 are a first module housing sidewall 261 and a second module housing wall 261 ^I. . Another side of the module housing 233 is through the module housing base 263 educated.

On the module housing side walls 261 , 261 ^I. are short mounting rails that extend only a few centimeters 259 , 259 ^I. , 259 ^II , 259 ^III arranged, which are spaced from each other. The mounting rails 259 , 259 ^I. , 259 ^II , 259 ^III are all in one flight. They are spaced from one another at the same height on the module housing side wall 261 attached.

The module housing base 263 is also a supporting plate with coolant lines 292 , 292 ^I. . The coolant lines 292 , 292 ^I. run parallel in the same direction. The coolant lines 292 , 292 ^I. range from one side to another side of the module housing 233 . The module housing base 263 takes on the function of a carrier plate 245 . Between carrier plate 245 and the remaining parts of the module housing, such as. B. the module housing side walls 261 , 261 ^I. or such as B. the cell housings 231 , 231 ' , 231 ^II , 231 ^III (please refer 18th ) is a slide 290 placed in between, which is a heat conducting film and at the same time an insulating film. In an alternative variant, not shown here, a pasty layer, e.g. B. an elastomeric, slightly adhesive heat conducting layer can be interposed during assembly.

As I said, 18th shows large parts of the "inner workings" of the traction accumulator 201 from the outside in 17th is shown. In 18th can be seen that the cell casing 231 , 231 ^I. , 231 ^II , 231 ^III are layered next to each other over their three sides in a contacting manner.

As can be seen from a synopsis of the 17th and 18th results, there are two cells in each cell housing 231 , 231 ^I. , 231 ^II , 231 ^III on an equal potential 288 , 288 ^I. , 288 ^II united. That is, the two cells 253 , 253 ^I. have the potential 288 . The two cells 253 ^II , 253 ^III have the potential 288 ^I. .

Below the cell housing 231 , 231 ' , 231 ^II , 231 ^III is a single cell housing plate 289 arranged as part of the cell housing. With sufficient linear arrangement of the cell housings 231 , 231 ^I. , 231 ^II , 231 ^III can the single housing plate 289 omitted. If larger tolerances are used, the single housing plate is used 289 as a contact plate for heat transfer. Below the cell housing 231 , 231 ^I. , 231 ^II , 231 ^III is the slide 290 as an intermediate link between the carrier plate 245 and the heat transferring parts of the heat from the cell housing 231 , 231 ^I. , 231 ^II , 231 ^III arranged. The carrier plate 245 has at least one coolant line 292 ^II . With the coolant all individual cell housings 231 , 231 ^I. , 231 ^II , 231 ^III are underflow. This allows heat to escape from all cell housings 231 , 231 ^I. , 231 ^II , 231 ^III be applied.

The cell housings are electrical 231 , 231 ^I. , 231 ^II , 231 ^III connected in series. As already mentioned before, from a synopsis the 19th and 18th it can be seen that there are two single cells 253 , 253 ^I. , 253 ^II , 253 ^III to a cell housing 231 , 231 ^I. are joined together. This results in the potentials of the cell housings 231 , 231 ^I. . The first single cell that is similar to the single cell 253 is, and the last single cell that is similar to the single cell 253 ^III are via collective conductors 255 , 257 plated through to the outside. By spacers 293 , 293 ^I. a surface pressure is applied to the cell housing 231 , 231 ^I. , 231 ^II , 231 ^III upset. The spacers 293 , 239 ^I are filler links between the module housing side walls 261 , 261 ^I. and the cell housing 231 , 231 ^I. , 231 ^II , 231 ^III3 As a result, the cell housings stand 231 , 231 ^I. , 231 ^II , 231 ^III under tension (in a mechanical sense).

The cutout that comes with X in 18th is marked is even larger in 19th shown. This results in the equipotential connection of individual cells (in particular with the aid of the hatching) 253 , 253 ^I. , 253 ^II , 253 ^III recognizable (the same hatching expresses a potential). The active areas or the active areas 19th , 119 (compare 6th and 10 ) are so insulating on the respective cell housing 231 , 231 ^I. , 231 ^II , 231 ^III led that a contact takes place on one side. This creates the potential 288 , 288 ^I. , 288 ^II determined (see 19th ). Roughness and unevenness on the to the carrier plate 245 contacting side of the cell housing 231 , 231 ^I. , 231 ^II , 231 ^III are through the single housing plate 289 balanced. There is a heat conducting foil to dissipate the heat 290 . The heat conducting foil 290 conducts the heat from the individual cells 253 , 253 ^I. , 253 ^II , 253 ^III on the carrier plate 245 . The heat is transferred to the coolant line via the coolant 292 applied.

Individual features from the described embodiments and variants as well as the exemplary embodiments shown in the figures can be combined with one another individually and in groups of features to form further exemplary embodiments, which can result in additional aspects and advantages according to the invention.

A meaningful further development exists z. B. therein, a single cooling channel, such as one of the cooling channels 141 , 141 ^I. , 141 ^II , 141 ^III to 11 , preferably in an area that runs parallel to a further cooling channel, to be provided successively with different cross-sectional sizes. The different size can e.g. B. as a gradually increasing cooling channel width in the area of a first cooling channel width 196 and / or in the area of a second cooling channel width 197 are present. In particular, the compensation paths 199 , 199 ^I. be conical or funnel-shaped. A gradual increase (or decrease) in the cooling channel width 196 , 197 preferably takes place along a slope of the cooling channel in comparison with the course of a module housing base. According to a further aspect, in an advantageous further development, the cross-sectional sizes of the cooling channels can be proportional to a spatial temperature distribution (without coolant supply) on individual cells, such as the individual cell 153 in 12th be chosen. The temperature distribution is caused by heat generation and heat flow in charging or discharging processes, e.g. B. in a load operation of a traction accumulator 101 , 101 ^I. , 101 ^II . A larger cooling channel cross-section offers a larger holding volume for coolant in a first area, in which the operational thermal output causes a higher temperature, than in a second area with a lower temperature, in which a comparatively smaller cooling channel cross-section is sufficient. The coolant preferably has a heat capacity that is greater than or equal to a heat capacity of water. In a module housing 133 (please refer 10 ) or in a traction accumulator 101 ^I. , 101 ^II an even more uniform temperature can thus be set. Heat generation or heat flow in the traction accumulators 101 , 101 ^I. , 101 ^II can be calculated using known numerical methods, which among other things results in the most favorable possible slope or a cooling channel cross-section.

About the channel geometry of the cooling channels 141 , 141 ^I. , 141 ^II , 141 ^III the running behavior or the flow time of the cooling medium can also be influenced. This enables an even distribution between the individual channels 141 , 141 ^I. , 141 ^II , 141 ^III be ensured. The cooling channels 141 , 141 ^I. , 141 ^II , 141 ^III have different lengths to each other. They have different cooling channel widths from one another 196 , 197 . The lengths and the cooling channel widths 196 , 197 are coordinated so that there is an even distribution.

List of reference symbols

1, 1I, 1II, 101, 101I,

Traction accumulator

101II, 201 3, 3I, 3II, 3III, 103, 103I

first, second, third, fourth secondary cell

5, 105

Basic form

7, 7I

first, second long side

9, 9I, 109, 109I

first, second high side

11

width

13th

Length, especially one long side

15, 115

Length, especially a high side, such as a height

17, 17I

middle area, especially a high side

19, 119

Active area or active area

21

Conversion volume

23, 123

Module volume

25, 125

first pole flag, especially pole flag of the positive pole

27, 127

second pole flag, in particular the pole flag of the negative pole

129

Welding point

130

Shielding spring

31, 31I, 31II, 131,

Cell housing

131I, 131II, 131III, 231, 231I, 231II, 231III, 132, 132I, 132II, 132III

Housing connector

33, 133, 133I, 133II,

Module housing

233 134, 134I, 134II, 134III

Tension element

135

first cooling channel

136, 136I

Cooling duct connection, especially quick connector

137

second cooling channel

138, 138I

Cooling duct wall

139, 139I, 139II

Sandwich plate or cooling plate

140, 140I

Panel height, especially sandwich panel height

141, 141I, 141II, 141III

Cooling channel, especially in a sandwich panel

142

Plate foot, in particular sandwich plate foot

143

Cooling medium such as a refrigerant or a glycol-water mixture

144

Supply duct height

144I

Supply channel width

45, 145, 145I, 245

Carrier plate

146

Cover plate, in particular with the function of a carrier plate

47, 147, 147I

first contact

49, 149

second contact

150

Bursting area

51, 151

Outside

53, 53I, 53II, 153, 153I

Single cell

253, 253I, 253II, 253III

Single cell, especially as part of a group

55, 155, 255

first collective current conductor

57, 157, 257

second collective current conductor

59, 59I, 59II 59III, 159,

Mounting rail

159I, 159II, 159III, 259, 259I, 259II, 259III 61, 161, 261

Module housing side wall, in particular first side wall

61I, 161I, 261I

Module housing side wall, in particular second side wall

62

upper area

63, 63I, 163, 263

Module housing base

65, 65I, 165, 265

Module housing cover

67, 67I, 167, 167I

Module housing rear wall

69, 69I

thickness

71

Exchange area

73, 73I

inside

75

Convection inflow opening, in particular the area of the module housing base

76

Burst joint, especially (double) Y-shaped

77, 77I, 177, 177I

Convection duct

79, 179

first convection outlet

79I

second convection outlet

81, 181

first point of contact

81I

second contact point

83

first cover

83I

second cover

85, 85I, 85II

Connection surface, in particular for a module housing cover

187

Single cell pad

288, 288I, 288II

potential

289

Single cell housing plate

290

Foil, in particular heat conducting and / or insulating foil

191, 191I

Cooling channel chamber

292, 292I, 292

Coolant line

93, 93I, 193, 193I,

Spacers

293, 293I 194, 194I, 194II

Cooling duct lamella

195

Sealing lip

196

first cooling channel width

197

second cooling channel width

198, 198I

Temperature sensor

199, 199I

Compensation section

A-A

cut AA , especially cutting plane

X

cut X

Claims (22)

Traction accumulator (1, 1 ^I , 1 ^II , 101, 101 ^I , 101 ^II , 201) with stacked, prismatic electrochemical secondary cells (3, 3 ^I , 3 ^II , 3 ^III , 103, 103 ^I ), which in a section an elongated , have a rectangular basic shape (5, 105) which continues in a width (11) to a conversion volume (21) with active elements layered parallel to one another, the conversion volume (21) being part of a module volume (23, 123) of the traction accumulator ( 1, 1 ^I , 1 ^II , 101, 101 ^I , 101 ^II , 201), in which the secondary cells (3, 3 ^I , 3 ^II , 3 ^III , 103, 103 ^I ) are individually (53, 53 ^I , 53 ^II , 153, 153 ^I ) or as part of a group (253, 253 ^I , 253 ^II , 253 ^III ) are combined to form a battery pack, with each secondary cell (3, 3 ^I , 3 ^II , 3 ^III , 103, 103 ^I ) individually or as part of the group (253, 253 ^I , 253 ^II , 253 ^III ) in a separate cell housing (31, 31 ^I , 31 ^II , 131, 131 ^I , 131 ^II , 131 ^III , 231, 231 ^{I) comprising at least four sides} 231 ^II , 2 31 ^{III is} encased, characterized in that the basic shape (5, 105) has a ^{length (13) running at least along one long side (7, 7 I} ) three times the length compared to one along a high side (9, 9 ^I, 109, 109 ^I ) extending height (15, 115) of the basic shape (5, 105), and wherein the cell housing (31, 31 ^I , 3 ^III , 131, 131 ^I , 131 ^II , 131 ^III , 231, 231 ^I , 231 ^II , 231 ^{III is} equipped with different thicknesses (69, 69 ^I ) on different sides and contacts (47, 147, 147 ^I ; 49, 149) which are connected to pole lugs (25, 125; 27, 127) which are located in a central area (17, 17 ^I ) on a high side (9, 9 ^I , 109, 109 ^I ) of an active surface ( 19, 119) and thus on a high side (9, 9 ^I , 109, 109 ^I ) at least one secondary ^{cell (3, 3 I} , 3 ^II , 3 ^III , 103, 103 ^I ) are arranged. Traction accumulator (1, 1 ^I , 1 ^II , 101, 101 ^I , 101 ^II , 201) according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the traction accumulator (1, 1 ^I , 1 ^II , 101, 101 ^I , 101 ^II , 201) has a module housing (33, 133, 133 ^I , 133 ^II , 233) comprising an extruded profile, inside which the Secondary cells (3, 3 ^I , 3 ^II , 3 ^III , 103, 103 ^I ) are arranged, the module housing (33, 133, 133 ^I , 133 ^II , 233) having different thicknesses (69, 69 ^I ) on different sides (61 , 61 ^I , 161, 261, 261 ^I ). Traction accumulator (1, 1 ^I , 1 ^II , 101, 101 ^I , 101 ^II , 201) with stacked, prismatic electrochemical secondary cells (3, 3 ^I , 3 ^II , 3 ^III , 103, 103 ^I ), which in a section an elongated , have a rectangular basic shape (5, 105) which continues in a width (11) to a conversion volume (21) with active elements layered parallel to one another, the conversion volume (21) being part of a module volume (23, 123) of the traction accumulator ( 1, 1 ^I , 1 ^II , 101, 101 ^I , 101 ^II , 201) is in the cell housing (31, 31 ^I , 3 ^III , 131, 131 ^I , 131 ^II , 131 ^III , 231, 231 ^I , 231 ^II , 231 ^III with secondary cells (3, 3 ^I , 3 ^II , 3 ^III , 103, 103 ^I ) in a module housing (33, 133, 133 ^I , 133 ^II , 233) comprising at least four sides, which has an extruded profile with the four sides comprises, are combined to form a battery pack, characterized in that the extruded profile with different thicknesses (69, 69 ^I ) on different sides (61, 61 ^I , 161, 261, 261 ^I ), and that the basic shape (5, 105) is ^{three times the length (13) running at least along one long side (7, 7 I} ) compared to one along a high side ( 9, 9 ^I 109, 109 ^I ) running height (15, 115) and that the cell housing (31, 3 ^III , 31 ^II , 131, 131 ^I , 131 ^II , 131 ^III , 231, 231 ^I , 231 ^II , 2311 ^II ) contacts (47, 147, 147 ^I ; 49, 149) which are connected to pole lugs (25, 125; 27, 127) which are located in a central area (17, 17 ^I ) on a high side (9, 9 ^I , 109, 109 ^I ) of an active surface ( 19, 119) and thus on a high side (9, 9 ^I , 109, 109 ^I ) at least one secondary ^{cell (3, 3 I} , 3 ^II , 3 ^III , 103, 103 ^I ) are arranged. Traction accumulator (1, 1 ^I , 1 ^II , 101, 101 ^I , 101 ^II , 201) according to Claim 3 , characterized in that each secondary cell (3, 3 ^I , 3 ^II , 3 ^III , 103, 103 ^I ) individually or as part of a group (253, 253 ^I , 253 ^II , 253 ^III ) of secondary cells in its own housing (31 , 31 ^I , 31 ^II , 131, 131 ^I , 131 ^II , 131 ^III , 231, 231 ^I , 231 ^II , 231 ^III . Traction accumulator (1, 1 ^I , 1 ^II , 101, 101 ^I , 101 ^II , 201) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pole lugs (25, 125; 27, 127) on the active surface (19, 119) are connected by welding. Traction accumulator (1, 1 ^I , 1 ^II , 101, 101 ^I , 101 ^II , 201) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the secondary cells (3, 3 ^I , 3 ^II , 3 ^III , 103, 103 ^I ) of a carrier plate (45, 145, 145 ^I , 245) are supported. Traction accumulator (1, 1 ^I , 1 ^II , 101, 101 ^I , 101 ^II , 201) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the traction accumulator (1, 1 ^I , 1 ^II , 101, 101 ^I , 101 ^II , 201 ) has a thermal exchange surface (71) on its deepest surface to be arranged, in particular formed by the carrier plate (45, 145, 145 ^I , 245). Traction accumulator (1, 1 ^I , 1 ^II , 101, 101 ^I , 101 ^II , 201) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an electrical line of an electrical current in a central area (17, 17 ^I ) of the upper side (9 , 9 ^I ) is arranged transversely to the reaction surface of the active surface (19, 119). Traction accumulator (1, 1 ^I , 1 ^II , 101, 101 ^I , 101 ^II , 201) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that adjacent to a pole flag of a positive pole (25) and adjacent to a pole flag of a negative pole (27), in particular with approximately the same width as the pole lug, a cooling channel (135, 137) is arranged outside the active surface (19, 119). Traction accumulator (1, 1 ^I , 1 ^II , 101, 101 ^I , 101 ^II , 201) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pole flags (25, 125, 27, 127) on opposite high sides (9, 9 ^I 109 , 109 ^I ) are attached to the active surface (19, 119), in particular to weld points (129). Traction accumulator (1, 1 ^I , 1 ^II , 101, 101 ^I , 101 ^II , 201) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cell housing (31, 31 ^I , 31 ^II , 131, 131 ^I , 131 ^II , 131 ^III , 231, 231 ', 231 ^II , 231 ^III ) is made of a metal such as aluminum or stainless steel. Traction accumulator (1, 1 ^I , 1 ^II , 101, 101 ^I , 101 ^II , 201) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cell housing (31, 31 ^I , 3 ^III , 131, 131 ^I , 131 ^II , 131 ^III , 231, 231 ^I , 231 ^II , 231 ^III expands an area occupied by the active area (19, 119) by at least two percent towards the outside (51, 151). Traction accumulator (1, 1 ^I , 1 ^II , 101, 101 ^I , 101 ^II , 201) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a sandwich cooling plate (139, 139 ^I , 139 ^II ), e.g. B. from a double-walled sheet metal and / or from, for. B. by gluing, assembled half-shells made of a plastic material, between two adjacent electrochemical secondary cells (3, 3 ^I , 3 ^II , 3 ^III , 103, 103 ^I ) is arranged, in particular with an actively circulated liquid cooling medium (143), such as a Glycol mixture or a refrigerant, the sandwich cooling plate (139, 139 ^I , 139 ^II ) preferably having more than two cooling channels (141, 141 ^I , 141 ^II , 141 ^III ) arranged parallel to one another in its central area extend parallel to the long side (7, 7 ^I ) of the basic shape (5, 105). Traction accumulator (1, 1 ^I , 1 ^II , 101, 101 ^I , 101 ^II , 201) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a number of cells comprising between ten and forty secondary cells (3, 3 ^I , 3 ^II , 3 ^III , 103, 103 ^I ), with their active surfaces (19, 119) arranged next to one another in a cell housing (31, 31 ^I , 3 ^III , 131, 131 ^I , 131 ^II , 131 ^III , 231, 231 ^I , 231 ^II , 231 ^III are clamped to form a battery pack in order to produce a series connection of the secondary cells (3, 3 ^I , 3 ^II , 3 ^III , 103, 103 ^I ). Traction accumulator (1, 1 ^I , 1 ^II , 101, 101 ^I , 101 ^II , 201) according to one of the Claims 2 to 14th , characterized in that the module housing (33, 133, 133 ^I , 133 ^II , 233) is provided for the closed enclosure of a battery pack. Traction accumulator (1, 1 ^I , 1 ^II , 101, 101 ^I , 101 ^II , 201) according to one of the Claims 2 to 15th , characterized in that a wall of the module housing (33, 133, 133 ^I , 133 ^II , 233) and a wall of a cell ^{housing (31, 31 I} , 31 ^II , 131, 131 ^I , 131 ^II , 131 ^III , 231, 231 ^I , 231 ^II , 231 ^III ) form a double wall that provides overall compression for the interior of the cell housing (31, 31 ^I , 31 ^II , 131, 131 ^I , 131 ^II , 131 ^III , 231, 231 ^I , 231 ^II , 231 ^III arranged secondary cells (3, 3 ^I , 3 ^II , 3 ^III , 103, 103 ^I ) produce, through which a swelling of the secondary cells (3, 3 ^I , 3 ^II , 3 ^III , 103, 103 ^I ) is intercepted. Traction accumulator (1, 1 ^I , 1 ^II , 101, 101 ^I , 101 ^II , 201) according to one of the Claims 2 to 16 , characterized in that the module housing (33, 133, 133 ^I , 133 ^II , 233) has the greatest thickness (69, 69 ^I ) on one Has side over which, in particular by convection cooling or contact cooling, is cooled, for. B. a bottom (63, 63 ^I , 163, 263) or a cover (65, 65 ^I , 165, 265) of the module housing (33, 133, 133 ^I , 133 ^II , 233) has the greatest thickness (69). Traction accumulator (1, 1 ^I , 1 ^II , 101, 101 ^I , 101 ^II , 201) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a cut surface resulting from the cut is at least 80% an active surface (19, 119), ideally more than 92% an active area (19, 119) and / or an active volume resulting from active area (19, 119) times width (11) at least 60% of the module volume (23, 123), ideally more than 62% of the module volume (23, 123), used. Traction accumulator (1, 1 ^I , 1 ^II , 101, 101 ^I , 101 ^II , 201) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the traction accumulator (1, 1 ¹ , 1 ^II , 101, 101 ^I , 101 ^II , 201 ) is suitable for a motor vehicle, such as a passenger car, and in particular the secondary cell (3, 3 ^I , 3 ^II , 3 ^III , 103, 103 ^I ) is equipped with at least one lithium-ion electrode and preferably with a non-aqueous electrolyte . Method for cooling a traction accumulator (1, 1 ^I , 1 ^II , 101, 101 ^I , 101 ^II , 201), which has at least one housing (31, 3 ^III , 3 ^III , 131, 131 ^I , 131 ^II , 131 ^III , 231 , 231 ^I , 231 ^II , 231 ^III ; 33, 133, 133 ^I , 133 ^II , 233), characterized in that the housing has a cell housing (31, 31 ^I , 31 ^II , 131, 131 ^I , 131 ^II , 131 ^III , 231, 231 ^I , 231 ^II , 231 ^III ), which has been produced at least in part by an extrusion process and ^{fits closely to cells (3, 3 I} , 3 ^II , 3 ^III , 103, 103 ^I ) or cell packets and is equipped on two different sides with mutually different thicknesses (69, 69 ^I ) in such a way that a thickest side is determined in its thickness based on its heat capacity determined by its thickness as a heat sink or thermal exchange surface (71) for dissipating heat, the thickness is optimized both in terms of mechanical stability and in terms of sufficient cooling capacity, and with laterally active ven areas (19, 119) of the individual cells (3, 3 ^I , 3 ^II , 3 ^III , 103, 103 ^I ) via pole lugs (25, 125; 27, 127) on a central area (17, 17 ^I ) of a high side of the active surfaces (19, 119) and thus on a high side (9, 9 ^I , 109, 109 ^I ) of at least one secondary ^{cell (3, 3 I} , 3 ^II , 3 ^III , 103, 103 ^I ) there are subsequent, individual contacts (47, 147, 147 ^I ; 49, 149) that are ^{attached to the cell housing (31, 31 I} , 3 ^III , 131, 131 ^I , 131 ^II , 1311 ^III , 231, 231 ^I , 231 ^II , 231 ^III ) are led out laterally, whereby the individual cells (3, 3 ^I , 3 ^II , 3 ^III , 103, 103 ^I ) are cooled. Method of cooling after Claim 20 , characterized in that the cells (3, 3 ^I , 3 ^II , 3 ^III , 103, 103 ^I ) surfaces of the cell housing (31, 31 ^I , 3 ^III , 131, 131 ^I , 131 ^II , 131 ^III , 231, 231 ^I , 231 ^II , 231 ^III touch, wherein in particular a surface contact leads to a discharge of charge heat. Method of cooling after Claim 20 or Claim 21 , characterized in that the traction accumulator (1, 1 ^I , 1 ^II , 101, 101 ^I , 101 ^II , 201) according to one of the Claims 1 to 19th is designed.

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