DE102017011461A1 - Method for producing a component from a fiber structure and component from a fiber structure - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing a component (17) from a fiber structure, wherein a fiber strand (19) is guided by means of a fiber guiding device (15) and deposited on a fiber depositing device (3), the fiber depositing device (3) comprising a holding plate (5). with a plurality of support elements (7) and a plurality of deflection elements (9), wherein the support elements (7) on the holding plate (5) are arranged, wherein the deflection elements (9) on the holding plate (5), on the support elements ( 7) and / or are arranged relative to each other in a certain spatial arrangement, and wherein the fiber strand (19) is deposited around the deflecting elements (9) along a winding path. The method is characterized in that the fiber strand (19) is completely looped around each of the deflection elements (9) at least once.

Description

The invention relates to a method for producing a component from a fiber structure, as well as a component of a fiber structure.

Wrapping methods are known in which a fiber strand is wound around a winding core by means of a robot, whereby a 2-dimensional framework structure is created. The structure is then cured, after which the winding core is removed or remains in the structure. Furthermore, it is known to design 3-dimensional truss structures without a winding core, wherein the fiber strand is wound around sleeves arranged at different high pass bolts, which serve as deflection points for the fiber strand. The dowel pins are removed upon receipt of the truss structure, while the sleeves remain in the structure and act as attachment points for attachments.

From the German patent application DE 10 2016 012 594 A1 For example, an apparatus and a method for the production of components made of fiber-reinforced plastic are known, in which fibers are laid along predetermined paths around winding spools of a winding core in a device, with a fiber guiding device for guiding and depositing a fiber material prepared in a fiber processing device, with a Faserablegewerkzeug on in that the fiber material can be deposited by the fiber guiding device, the fiber guiding device having a displaceable by means of a displacement means, tubular guide means, in the interior of the fiber material along a longitudinal axis of the guide means is feasible. The method makes it possible to produce complex structures made of fiber-reinforced plastic with little effort. The winding coils are arranged in a specific spatial arrangement relative to each other on a perforated plate, wherein the fiber material is deposited along a predetermined winding path with the fiber guiding device around the winding coils. A matrix material introduced into the fiber material is cured, whereby the fiber composite component is obtained.

From the German patent application DE 10 2013 014 032 A1 are known a component made of fiber composite material and a process for its production, wherein fibers are wound along predetermined paths around at least one winding bobbin of a winding core, a curable resin is introduced into the fibers, the resin is cured to form the fiber composite component, the at least one winding bobbin after is taken inside the winding core, removed the winding core and the fiber composite component is released.

However, these methods can be improved in terms of the stability, the load capacity and the load capacity of the components that can be produced thereby. This is especially true in the manufacture of a fiber composite component, which is to replace the previously used components made of metal or metal alloys for the purpose of weight savings. For example, currently transmission carriers are often made of aluminum-magnesium precision casting, since these components are exposed to high loads. For example, the components must absorb high loads in an accident and are therefore both cost and weight-intensive components, which is a decisive factor especially in sports and racing cars, but also electric vehicles.

The invention is therefore based on the object to provide a method for producing a component from a fiber structure, wherein said disadvantages do not occur.

The object is achieved by providing the subject matters of the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments emerge from the subclaims.

The object is achieved in particular by providing a method for producing a component from a fiber structure, wherein a fiber strand is guided through a fiber guiding device and deposited on a Faserablegeeinrichtung, wherein the Faserablegeeinrichtung has a holding plate with a plurality of support elements and a plurality of deflection elements, wherein the support elements are arranged on the holding plate, wherein the deflecting elements are arranged on the holding plate, on the support elements and / or each other in a certain spatial arrangement relative to each other, and wherein the fiber strand is deposited around the deflecting elements along a winding path. The method is characterized in particular in that the fiber strand is completely looped around each of the deflection elements at least once. In this way, the component is ultimately obtained from a fiber structure. The support elements are removed in such a way that the deflection elements remain at least partially in the fiber structure. By looping the deflection of the fiber structure is given a higher load capacity.

The Faserablegeeinrichtung can be designed as a modular system, which allows the flexible construction of a 3-dimensional arrangement of deflection. In this case, the deflecting elements can be arranged flexibly or firmly on the holding plate, wherein the supporting elements can be used in particular to space the deflecting elements of the holding plate and thus to allow a third dimension to the plane of the holding plate. It comes preferably differently designed deflecting elements and variously long support elements are used in order to be able to wind various 3-dimensional framework structures with the greatest possible flexibility. It is preferably provided that at least one deflection element has a cylindrically symmetrical hollow body with a plurality of radially arranged dowel pins, wherein these dowel pins can deflect the fiber strand into a third dimension, in particular out of a plane. By means of the diversely configured deflection elements, it is possible that the fiber strand can directly follow an expected load path in the later component, without experiencing additional deflections. The deflection elements and / or the support elements are preferably connected by a plug connection or a screw connection with the retaining plate. It is preferably provided that the support elements are designed as threaded pins which are fastened to the retaining plate. Preferably, the deflecting elements are attached to the support elements, so that the deflecting elements can be easily removed from the support elements after receipt of the component. Preferably, the deflection elements are screwed onto the support elements.

With the aid of the method according to the invention, it is possible, in particular, to produce trussed and thus complex, and extremely lightweight 3-dimensional structural components made of a fiber structure, which give the component from the fiber structure a higher load-bearing capacity, ie components with a particularly lightweight design, which at the same time have a high structural integrity Have stability. The fiber strand can be deposited along expected load paths of the component. As a result, compressive forces and tensile forces are transmitted, which significantly increase the load capacity. The loop also fixes the intermediate layers at the force introduction point, in addition can be obtained at widely spaced connection points, in particular the deflection, by looping a deflector mechanically resistant strand courses, which lie outside the geodesic line. Advantageously, the method according to the invention makes it possible to produce fiber structures with an optimal topology along main load paths. The fiber strand can be unidirectionally oriented along tensile-pressure areas. Advantageously, the method according to the invention by the use of simple tools, such as supporting elements and deflecting elements, very inexpensive. Advantageously, the method according to the invention makes it possible to create a component from a fiber structure which has the highest mechanical stress, in particular low deformation. Advantageously, truss-like structures can be produced with the method according to the invention, whose mechanical properties, in particular their strength, their load capacity and their deformability, make it possible to replace previous heavier components, in particular components made of cast iron.

The support elements are preferably designed such that the deflection elements are spaced vertically relative to a ground plane. Under a support member is understood in particular a dowel pin.

The deflecting elements can be designed differently. A deflection element is understood in particular to mean a sleeve, in particular a sleeve provided with a hole pattern. Preferably, the deflecting elements are mounted on a holding plate, which defines the distance between the deflecting elements relative to each other. Preferably, the deflecting elements are at least partially supported by the fitting bolts, in particular to a bending moment, which results from the filing of the fiber strand, without relevant plastic or elastic deformation absorb. The deflection elements are set up such that the fiber strand can be deflected within a winding plane or out of the winding plane into a third dimension. Preferably, the deflecting elements are formed from a metal or a metallic alloy.

Preferably, the support elements and / or the deflection elements are formed from a 3D-printed bobbin. Through the use of 3D printing, the production of the support elements and / or the deflection elements is much more flexible and it is possible to produce more complex shapes, which are particularly advantageous for the winding process and the manufacture of the component.

Preferably, the deflection elements have bores in which dowel pins are arranged through which the fiber strand is threaded and / or onto which the fiber strand is deposited. Advantageously, the dowel pins prevent the slippage of the fiber strand after its deposition and prevent the deformation of the deflecting elements and the fiber structure during manufacture, so that the wall thickness of the deflecting elements can be reduced to a minimum, and a dimensionally stable component is obtained from a fiber structure.

After the fiber strand has been deposited around the deflection elements along a winding path, the component is removed, so that the component is obtained. Preferably, the fiber structure is cured before the component is removed, in particular by cooling or compressed air, and / or the fiber structure cures after a certain time by itself. The still moist, in particular not yet cured, fiber structure of the component can from the holding plate for curing to another Device are transferred so that the next fiber structure can already be stored on the holding plate.

Preferably, the fiber strand is at least partially compacted by means of a pair of pliers and / or a hose, in particular a sock, so that the bending strength of the fiber strand is further increased.

Preferably, the fiber strand is wound by means of a robot, in particular by a fully automatic deposition of the fiber strand, whereby a high mass flow rate and a high reproducibility is obtained.

As a fiber strand, ie fiber material, an endless fiber material is preferably used. These may be single fibers, but also fiber bundles, in particular so-called rovings. As fiber material in particular carbon fibers, glass fibers, ceramic fibers, natural fibers, metal fibers, but also other fibers or combinations of such fiber materials in question. Hybrid fiber rovings which preferably comprise reinforcing fibers of at least one of the abovementioned fiber materials and also matrix fibers may be used as fiber material, wherein the matrix fibers comprise a matrix material, in particular a plastic, or consist of such a matrix material. Preferably, the fiber strand is formed from a hollow, braided or braid-based semi-finished product, so that the degree of lightweight construction is further increased.

The Faserablegeeinrichtung is spatially fixed in a preferred embodiment of the device, that is kept not displaced. Preferably, only the fiber guide device, in particular the guide means, displaceable, wherein it can be displaced in particular relative to the Faserablegeeinrichtung to deposit the fiber material in a defined manner and in particular along predetermined winding paths on the Faserablegeeinrichtung. This requires only a displacement device for the guide means, but no additional displacement device for the Faserablegeeinrichtung. In another embodiment, the Faserablegeeinrichtung is kept displaced, so that in principle also the device proposed here can be equipped in particular with two cooperating robots. The Faserablegeeinrichtung allows a simple structure, in particular in the form of a modular system with which virtually any 3-dimensional framework structures can be wound.

The laying of the fiber strand is done in particular by means of a winding process. As winding elements, preferably a plurality of deflecting elements and / or supporting elements are used, wherein the deflecting elements and / or supporting elements are arranged in a certain spatial arrangement relative to each other, wherein the support elements in particular carry deflecting elements and serve, supported by the support elements deflection relative to the Holding plate on which the deflecting elements and / or the support elements are arranged to space in the vertical direction. In particular, different length support elements can be used to obtain different vertical distances.

The predetermined winding path determines, in particular, in which order and in which way the deflection elements are wrapped, wherein the predetermined winding path is preferably selected such that the fiber strand is laid along load paths of the component to be produced. In this way, an extremely light but also very stable 3-dimensional truss structure can be obtained.

The fiber structure preferably has a matrix material. The matrix material preferably has at least one plastic or consists of at least one plastic, in particular a resin. The matrix material can be deposited simultaneously with the fiber strand, for example by using a fiber strand having both reinforcing fibers and matrix fibers, or by using a fiber strand impregnated with a matrix material. But it is also possible that the matrix material subsequently, that is applied after the winding process, on the fiber strand and / or introduced, for example by infiltration, impregnation or the like. The component of a fiber structure is formed by curing the matrix material, so that it becomes solid and stable.

It is preferably provided that the inventive method is at least partially performed several times, wherein the fiber strand is deposited in a plurality of layers, so that the fiber structure is reinforced at these locations.

It is preferably provided that the deflecting elements remain at least partially in the finished wound fiber structure and the resulting component, and in particular they can serve to connect further adjacent components to the component, in particular for connection of the component to a motor and / or a transmission.

According to one embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the deflecting elements are arranged such that - in particular along the winding path successive - sections of the fiber strand at an angle of 40 to 50 ° relative to each other, preferably 41 to 49 °, preferably 42 to 48 °, preferably 43 to 47 °, particularly preferably 45 °. In this embodiment, the advantages already described realize in a special way.

According to one embodiment of the invention it is provided that the deflecting elements are limited in the axial direction upwards and downwards by particular disk-shaped limiting elements. The disk-shaped limiting elements allow for a tight fit of the fiber strand in the deflecting elements and the fiber structure, in particular because this can not slip up or down. On the other hand, the limiting elements contribute to the stability, load capacity and load capacity of the resulting component from the fiber structure. In this embodiment, the advantages already described realize in a special way.

Preferably, the deflection elements, in particular the sleeves, with the dowel pins form a joint, preferably between the delimiting elements of the deflection elements and the dowel pins, so that the fiber strand can be compacted, wherein in particular a plurality of fiber strands can be bundled, and a total strand with a nearly circular average can be formed. As a result, a flattening or fanning of the fiber structure is prevented, which adversely affects the stability of the component. Preferably, at least one limiting element of the deflection elements is designed to be movable, so that the distance in the axial direction between the upper and the lower limiting element can be reduced, preferably during and / or after the winding process. Preferably, the fiber strand can be compacted by staples or other particular form-locking attacking tools.

According to one embodiment of the invention, it is provided that at least one deflecting element is arranged in the axial direction above a deflecting element which follows the winding path. At least two, preferably at least three, preferably at least four deflecting elements are preferably arranged in such a way.

Preferably, an alternating or at least partially alternating arrangement of the deflecting elements in the axial direction above and below each provided along the winding path deflecting element is provided. In this embodiment, the advantages already described realize in a special way. Advantageously, by at least one deflection element arranged in the axial direction above a deflection element following the winding path, a large lever is created for the pressure and tensile load transmission and thus a reduced bending moment under load. Advantageously, the diagonal fiber strand formed on this section can be made thinner than the remaining sections of the fiber strand, which leads to a weight reduction of the component, without or largely without sacrificing the rigidity and strength of the component.

According to one embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the fiber strand is alternately or alternately crossed at least in sections along the winding path. As a result, in particular a plurality of connection points and shorter bending beams are created in the fiber structure, which ensure that the truss structure becomes kink-resistant. In this embodiment, the advantages already described realize in a special way.

According to a development, it is provided that inserts are arranged in and / or on the fiber structure. The inserts are preferably incorporated in a form-fitting and functional way. Preferably, the inserts are looped through the fiber strand, preferably at least once, preferably at least twice, preferably at least three times, preferably at least four times, preferably at least five times, or preferably at least ten times. Advantageously, the looping of the inserts allows the transmission of compressive forces without detachment of the fiber strands from the inserts. Advantageously, a rotation of the inserts in the fiber structure is prevented. Preferably, the inserts are made of metal or metallic alloys, plastic or fiber structure. In this embodiment, the advantages already described realize in a special way.

According to a further development, it is provided that the deflecting elements and / or inserts are looped around several times by the fiber strand, preferably at least twice, preferably at least three times, preferably at least four times, preferably at least five times, or preferably at least ten times. By wrapping the deflecting elements and / or inserts, in particular a positive loop, compressive forces can be transmitted, whereby an adhesion of the fibers is improved by the matrix material to the deflecting elements and / or inserts of the fiber strand. In this embodiment, the advantages already described realize in a special way.

According to one embodiment, it is provided that the fiber structure is formed by the fiber strand completely or at least partially multi-layer, preferably two-ply, preferably three-ply, preferably four-ply, preferably five-ply, or preferably ten ply. Preferably, the fiber structure is through the Fiber strand sections formed multi-layered. In this embodiment, the advantages already described realize in a special way.

The object is also achieved by providing a component of a fiber structure, which is produced by the method according to the invention. In connection with the component made of a fibrous structure, in particular the advantages which have already been explained in connection with the method are realized.

According to a development of the invention, it is provided that the component is a vehicle component, an aircraft component, a component for other missiles, for example drones, a robot component or a tool component, in particular a transmission carrier. In all these components realize in a special way the benefits that have been previously described in connection with the process.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawing.

• 1 eine schematische Darstellung eines Ausführungsbeispiels einer Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zum Herstellen eines Bauteils aus einer Faserstruktur, und
• 2 eine schematische Darstellung eines Ausführungsbeispiels eines Bauteils aus einer Faserstruktur.

Showing:

• 1 a schematic representation of an embodiment of an apparatus for performing the method according to the invention for producing a component of a fiber structure, and
• 2 a schematic representation of an embodiment of a component of a fiber structure.

1 shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of an apparatus 1 for carrying out the method according to the invention for producing a component 17 from a fiber structure. 1 in particular, shows a fiber depositing device 3 with a holding plate 5 , Furthermore, on the retaining plate 5 arranged support elements 7 and deflecting elements 9 shown. The deflecting elements 9 are both directly on the mounting plate 5 arranged or on the support elements 7 arranged at a distance from the holding plate 5. The support elements 7 and / or the deflecting elements 9 can be plugged or screwed on the retaining plate 5 be attached. The Faserablegeeinrichtung 3 has a plurality of different and / or different length support elements 7 and / or deflecting elements 9 on.

As part of an embodiment of a method for producing a component 17 of a fiber structure with the device 1 becomes a fiber strand 19 by a fiber guide device 15 guided and on the Faserablegeeinrichtung 3 filed, wherein the Faserablegeeinrichtung 3 the holding plate 5 with the plurality of support elements 7 and the plurality of deflectors 9 having, wherein the support elements 7 on the retaining plate 5 are arranged, and wherein the deflecting elements 9 on the retaining plate 5 or on the support elements 9 are arranged in a specific spatial arrangement relative to each other. The fiber strand 19 becomes the deflecting elements 9 deposited along a winding path, in particular by means of the fiber guiding device 15. As a result, a three-dimensional storage of the fiber strand 19 and thus obtain a three-dimensional fiber structure. The fiber strand 19 around each of the deflecting elements 9 completely looped around at least once. Thereby, the strength of the obtained three-dimensional fiber structure is increased. In 1 is purely schematic - here for the sake of simple pictorial representation because of a fiber coil indicated - the fiber guide device 15 shown with the fiber strand 19 around the deflecting elements 9 is wound. Through the fiber guide device 15 becomes the fiber strand 19 guided and on the Faserablegeeinrichtung 3 stored. Then the component becomes 17 from the Faserablegeeinrichtung 3 taken, and / or preferably cured and / or consolidated, preferably on the Faserablegeeinrichtung 3 , The component 17 may also after curing and / or consolidation of the Faserablegeeinrichtung 3 be removed. The deflecting elements 9 remain at least partially in the fiber structure, where they contribute to the stability of the component 17 contribute and in particular the connection of further components to the component 17 enable.

The fiber strand 19 can be crossed alternately along the winding path to the strength of the component 17 to increase.

The deflecting elements 9 can be arranged such that adjacent portions of the fiber strand 19 at an angle of 40 to 50 ° relative to each other. In the embodiment, two deflection elements 9 in the axial direction above a deflecting element following the winding path 9 arranged. The deflecting elements 9 can at least partially in the axial direction up and down by particular disc-shaped limiting elements 11 be limited.

The fiber structure can pass through the fiber strand 19 completely or at least partially, so in sections, be formed multi-layered. The multi-layered training through the fiber strand 19 also leads to increase the stability of the component 17 ,

The deflecting elements 9 can at least partially dowel pins 13 have, whereby it is possible in a simple and stable manner the fiber strand 19 to deflect out of a plane into a third dimension, in particular from a parallel to the Retaining plate 5 oriented plane out in a direction that is at least partially perpendicular to the retaining plate 5 extends.

In another embodiment, inserts may be placed in the fibrous structure. The deflecting elements 9 and / or the inserts are preferred by the fiber strand 19 looped several times. This will increase the stability of the component 17 elevated. Advantageously, further components can be connected to the inserts.

Overall, it can be seen that the proposed method can produce complex 3-dimensional fiber structures of particular stability.

2 shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of a component according to the invention 17 a fibrous structure prepared by a method according to the invention (see 1 ). The same and functionally identical elements are provided with the same reference numerals, so that reference is made to the preceding description.

The component 17 from a fiber structure has one of a fiber strand 19 wound and cured winding structure, wherein in the winding structure deflecting elements 9 are integrated. The deflecting elements are in the axial direction upwards and downwards by disk-shaped limiting elements 11 limited. The component is designed in particular as a truss-like 3-dimensional structure.

The component 17 is in particular a vehicle component, aircraft component, robot component or tool component, in particular, the component 17 a gear carrier. Especially with a trained as a transmission carrier component 17 The type discussed here realizes in a special way the advantages of the component according to the invention 17 ,

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 102016012594 A1 [0003]
• DE 102013014032 A1 [0004]

Claims (10)

Method for producing a component (17) from a fiber structure, wherein a fiber strand (19) is guided by means of a fiber guiding device (15) and deposited on a fiber depositing device (3), wherein the fiber depositing device (3) comprises a holding plate (5) with a plurality of Support elements (7) and a plurality of deflecting elements (9), wherein the support elements (7) on the holding plate (5) are arranged, wherein the deflecting elements (9) on the holding plate (5), on the support elements (7) and / or are arranged relative to one another in a specific spatial arrangement, and wherein the fiber strand (19) is deposited around the deflection elements (9) along a winding path, characterized in that the fiber strand (19) completely surrounds each of the deflection elements (9) at least once becomes. Method according to Claim 1 , wherein the deflecting elements (9) are arranged such that portions of the fiber strand (19) extend at an angle of 40 to 50 ° relative to each other. Method according to Claim 1 or 2 , wherein the deflecting elements (9) in the axial direction upwards and downwards are limited by particular disc-shaped limiting elements (11). Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one deflecting element (9) is arranged in the axial direction above a deflecting element (9) following along the winding path. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the fiber strand (19) is alternately crossed along the winding path. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein inserts are arranged in the fiber structure. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the deflecting elements (9) and / or inserts are looped around several times by the fiber strand (19). Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the fiber structure is formed by the fiber strand (19) completely or at least partially multi-layered. Component (17) made of a fiber structure according to a method of Claims 1 to 8th , Component (17) after Claim 9 wherein the component (17) is a vehicle component, an aircraft component, a robot component or a tool component, in particular a transmission carrier.

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