DE102017010663A1 - Handcuffs with shape and position constant shutter openings. - Google Patents

Abstract

Handcuffs with shape and position constant shutter openings.
Current handcuffs are adjustable in size. However, the enclosed area changes its shape in the size adjustment (undesirable, bought-in), since a circular section with a fixed radius oscillates around a center as a rotation axis. The position of the clamps to each other and the relative distance change.
The new patent provides for a change in size by parallel displacement of two identical, 180 ° against each other twisted parts in such a way that the enclosed surfaces each "similar", so remain the same shape and differ only in size. This is done by "power curves". The position of the individual clamps to each other and thus their distance from each other remain relatively constant relative to the size. The latter is realized by a mechanism with gears and rings, which gives the connector between the clamps a corresponding change in location and angle.

Description

• Designation

Handcuffs with shape and position constant shutter openings.

• Product class

Handcuffs are a mechanical device designed to keep the two hands of a person in custody close to each other, even against their will and actions, for a limited time to significantly reduce their range of motion and make it difficult for them to endanger themselves, others or flee. They are used by judicial, law enforcement and public order authorities as well as private security and security services. Their possession, their purchase and their transport are also possible and permitted to private individuals.

• Current state of the art

The current state of the art is an American patent Peerless from 1912, in which a swivel bracket swings about an axis against a housing part and several on a pitch circle around this pivot center arranged teeth in spring-loaded counter teeth (ratchet principle), whereby a Size adjustment is achieved. A backward movement is not possible. The shape of these different enclosed areas changes with the size setting, the distance between the individual clamps remains the same, ie increases relative to the clamp size. All modern handcuffs that are in use by the authorities, pursue this principle unchanged. Further developments concerned instead the lock, the security (the lock), the protection against manipulation, the material and the connection of the single clamps.

The disadvantage of this construction is the fact that the main axis of the - due to the approach of the two forearm bone ulna and radius - elongated cross section of the wrists in large settings rather perpendicular, in small settings rather parallel to the traction axis of the handcuffs, also resemble large settings by the then inverted hinge of a kidney shape, small adjustments of a lens shape, both varies depending on the manufacturer and model.

In practice, of the often numerous existing closing positions are usually used only a few middle, which then certainly have an ergonomic shape. However, therefore, most of the 20 closing positions per model are obsolete. From some manufacturers there are even two variants with slightly different sizes, which accordingly have a large overlap of the closing positions. This is the consequence of the unergonomic form of the big sizes, if they are ever needed.

• improvement

In my handcuffs, all nine closed positions, whose covered size range corresponds approximately to the classic handcuffs described above, are equal and ergonomic. The mentioned disadvantages are not present. In all closed positions, the clamp openings are the same design and have the same position to each other, relative to the size. This is called mathematically "similar". So z. For example, all squares, all circles, all rectangles with the same aspect ratio, all triangles with the same angles etc. "similar" to each other, regardless of size.

The "similarity" of my handcuffs is the consequence of a "power curve" (drawing 1), whereby two identical, rotated by 180 ° against each other such forms are gradually moved against each other, in each case in parallel displacements without rotational movement. A mechanical work of gears, a connecting rod or lever rod and a closed tooth chain ensures the necessary change in location and angle of the approach of the connector, so that the distance at constant angle of the major axes of the clamps is always proportionally lower.

In addition, these handcuffs can be moved forward and backward at will to adjust the size before they are locked with spring-loaded bolts.

• Own performance

All of the aforementioned exclusive properties and actual or perceived benefits are the result of my own consideration. The development of the "power curve" resulted successively from the set goal and is in this context of mine. Their application for the purpose mentioned, wherein two 180 ° against each other twisted identical lines include an area that is smaller or smaller by shifting the two curves against each other under dimensional constancy, I know of any other application, especially right handcuffs not known.

The name "logarithmic spiral" for the "power curve" was unknown to me during development. That such a curve as such has already been described mathematically and also known from nature with various examples, was clear and does not affect the application for the specific purpose.

• Description

Handcuffs with shape and position constant shutter openings.

So far, handcuffs can be resized by rotating a movable bracket about an axis and a ratchet.
However, the shape of the enclosed area and the position of the clamps relative to each other are changed.

The indicated in claim 1 invention is based on the problem to maintain the shape of the respective closure opening and the position of the two clamps relative to each other to the size.

This problem is due to the features listed in claim 1 stepwise parallel displacement of two identical, rotated by 180 ° to each other "power curves", whereby ever the same number (here 17) individual sections of the power curves in each active area remains involved, as well as the change of location, including rotational movement each 9 ° of the connector that docks to the other single clamp,
solved.

The advantages achieved by the invention are in particular that different sized wrists are not set differently, especially not very large wrists rather vertical and very small wrists rather horizontal, as has been the case and, according to the wrist size, the hands of large people not comparatively close together and those of small people are not placed comparatively far apart. Due to the dimensional stability of the clamps, the extremely large sizes also eliminate a shape which is slightly less adapted to the hand, for example due to the then turned-in axis of rotation. Rather, the shape is always the same ergonomic.

The mechanical realization of the invention is specified in claim 2. This ensures the change of location and the rotational movement of the Vebindungsstückes step by step on gears and chains.

Exemplary embodiments with representation of the handcuffs in angular as well as in parallel position of the hands, each in the largest and in the smallest closure opening, are shown in the drawings 7 to 10.

Explanation of the invention in detail:

The clamp retains its shape when adjusting the size by parallel displacement of two identical, by 180 ° against each other twisted sheets. These are created by juxtaposing ever larger individual sections whose magnification factor and angle remain the same from step to step. That's what I call a "power curve". I have selected the angle 9 ° and the magnification factor of 1.05, which ensures a wrist-like shape, with every arc of each arc closing 17 Individual stretches are involved and from step to step a larger one disappears and a smaller appears or vice versa. The structures referred to as arcs can be actual curves by corresponding curvature of the individual sections (drawing 1).

Since the main axis of the shutter shape is not parallel-displaced with a size adjustment, but is rotated at an angle of 9 °, the connector between the individual clamps must experience a change of location with simultaneous rotation by 9 °. In such a way that the distance of the clamps taking into account the constant long protruding part of the connecting piece ( 2 ) is proportionally reduced, so the relative distance in relation to the clamp size is maintained. This is realized by a mechanism with gears, rings and chains (drawing 2).

First, the relative to the housing ( 4 ) moving closure clips ( 3 ) is rotated 90 ° about a pivot pin and the clamp thereby opened to receive a hand (drawing 3). Casing ( 4 ) as well as closure clips ( 3 ) each have one of the two "power curves".

Then the bar is closed again, whereby immediately the first, largest, closing position is reached and the first engages in the second "power curve" such that they are synchronous, so point-symmetrical, against each other. In this case, two fingers provided with different radii around the pivot pin engage in corresponding slots in a slide (FIG. 5 ) inside the housing (drawing 4).

Thus, a unit lock-slide has arisen, which is gradually parallel shifted by manual pressure until the last, smallest locking position is reached (drawing 5). Due to the different radii of the "fingers" and the pressure direction, the two parts of the unit can not be separated during movement.

For safe guidance without tilting the interior has a rail of the pivot pin (dash-dotted lines) and another rail, which is still backed by a gear-toothed ring guide (not shown).

The slider ( 5 ) with the two slots has approximately in the middle of a guide rod with a vertical bolt at the end. This bolt engages in the elongated slot of a lever with quarter-circle sprocket ( 6 ) and turns it through 90 ° in the course of the eight steps, the pressure angle also always being near the optimum 90 °. The opening of the lever must be a slot and must not be a circular borehole because the engaging bolt does not describe a circle cutout but also a "power curve".

The lever ( 6 ) turns around a center and thus also moves its quarter circle sprocket 90 ° forward. This sprocket in turn moves a gear ( 7 ) whose circumference corresponds to this quadrant, whereby this gear performs a full turn. A concentric, so on the same axis of rotation sitting, larger gear ( 8th ) thus also performs a full turn.

Its circumference corresponds exactly to the transport path of the engaging in this toothed chain ( 9 ), which transports the connector firmly connected to it so this distance forward and running around two Umlenkzahnräder. But the track is exactly the distance from the first to the ninth lock position in eight steps, which engage individually.

The lock strap ( 3 ) can initially be moved forward and backward for size adjustment. Only then do two bolts engage in one of nine slots in each case. The bolts are activated by releasing a spring tension and tightened again by turning the key and thus unlocked (drawing 11).

The connecting piece with the toothed chain ( 9 ), with the constant outstanding length ( 2 ) is guided in a rail which is embedded on the respective inner side of a clamp jaw, wherein at one end of the connecting piece two knobs, optionally wheels or gears, and at the other end a spring secure the guide. The spring engages in correspondingly spaced grooves, thus ensuring the correct positions. (Drawing 6).

The individual mechanical parts can be stored inside the housing in different levels, so that they can move past each other and not hinder.

Between the largest and the smallest setting there is a length factor of 1.05 ⁸ ~ 1.47 and an area factor of (1.05 ⁸ ) ² = 1.05 ¹⁶ ~ 2.18. The length factor affects all distances, so about the distance of the clamps and the largest or the smallest inner dimension of a clamp, etc.

• Commercial usability

Handcuffs are sold by manufacturers and wholesalers, intermediate and retailers with profit. There is a competition, legal trade restrictions do not exist in Germany, handcuffs are available for sale, to own and carry with you. Only agreements between individual collectors, such as authorities, and their authorized dealers can exist, so that the latter can contractually commit to sell individual models against appropriate proof only to authorities. By law, however, their acquisition and their possession are not prohibited.

The items can be manufactured inexpensively by 3D printing or laser cutting, assembly is easy, the worldwide distribution via the Internet and ordinary parcel services uncomplicated. So even a small number of pieces can be marketed profitably. The decrease of large quantities, for example, by authorities is not necessary, but possible.

list of figures

• Zeichnung 1 Prinzip der Bogenbildung („Potenzkurve“). Zwei identische, um 180° gegeneinander verdrehte Bögen bewegen sich in acht Schritten entlang der gepunkteten Linien jeweils parallel verschoben ohne Verdrehung gegeneinander, sodass die Öffnung stets von je 17 Einzelstrecken jedes Bogens begrenzt wird.
• Zeichnung 2 Gesamtzusammenhang in wesentlichen Punkten. Wesentliche Funktionsdetails sind hinreichend verständlich im Text erläutert. Einzelne Details können provisorisch sein, insbesondere sind noch keine endgültigen Formen des Gehäuses dargestellt. Die dritte Dimension, also die verschiedenen Ebenen, ist nicht dargestellt. Die gestrichelten Linien stellen den Zustand der kleinsten Verschlussgröße dar. Die strichpunktierte Linie ist die Führung des Drehbolzens.
• Zeichnung 3 Geöffnete Schelle
• Zeichnung 4 Geschlossene Schelle in größter Weite
• Zeichnung 5 Geschlossene Schelle in kleinster Weite
• Zeichnung 6 Schiene für das Verbindungsstück. Schiene des Verbindungsstücks (fett) mit Mulden für die Feder. Die Schiene stellt die jeweils richtige Position in Lage und Winkel sicher. Es sind alle neun Positionen des Verbindungsstückes dargestellt. In der Schiene können noch etwa federgelagerte Umlenkzahnräder angebracht sein, die die Zahnkette (9) in Position halten.
• Zeichnungen 2-6 Dargestellt ist je eine Einzelschelle. Die andere Schelle ist identisch und/oder spiegelverkehrt (achsensymmetrisch)
• Zeichnung 7 Winkelstellung größte Öffnung
• Zeichnung 8 Parallelstellung größte Öffnung
• Zeichnung 9 Winkelstellung kleinste Öffnung
• Zeichnung 10 Parallelstellung kleinste Öffnung
• Zeichnungen 7 - 10 Dargestellt sind jeweils beide Schellen, also das ganze Paar. Die gewinkelte Stellung kann auf zwei Arten verwendet werden, die Winkelöffnung zum Körper hin oder vom Körper weg. Die parallele Stellung kann auf mehrere Arten verwendet werden, die Hände nach „links vorne“ oder nach „rechts vorne“ ausgerichtet und innerhalb dieser Varianten jeweils noch die Hände mit den Handrücken gleichsinnig oder gegensinnig angeordnet. Darüber hinaus ist auch eine Verwendung mit den Händen über Kreuz denkbar, ebenfalls mit den genannten Variationsmöglichkeiten. Die unterschiedlichen Stellungen sind Folge der Drehbarkeit der Verbindungsstücke achsial gegeneinander (Torsionsdrehung) um 180° mit Arretierungsmöglichkeit. Auch eine Abstufung der Drehungen in 90°-Schritte ist denkbar, dann würden die beiden Schellenebenen nicht identisch sein, sondern senkrecht zueinander stehen mit entsprechend erweitertem Anwendungsbereich. Weiter sollen die Verbindungsstücke auch Scharniere zum Klappen der Einzelschellen haben. Die Scharniere sollen ebenfalls arretierbar sein.
• Zeichnung 11 Schließbolzen und Nuten Die äußeren Backen des Gehäuses (4) verfügen über federgelagerte Schließbolzen an zwei Stellen, um die Schellen ausreichend zu verriegeln. Diese Bolzen (10) greifen je Schließposition in je eine von neun Mulden (11) im beweglichen Bügel ein. Die Bolzen werden durch Schlüsseldreh beim Öffnen der Handschellen in die angespannte, offene Position gebracht und rasten beim Schließen durch Tastendruck nicht lösbar ein (die Schlossdetails sind nicht Gegenstand des Patentes).

The drawings can have different scales. The exact dimensions are not fixed and can vary. Details that are not important to understanding the properties to be patented can be omitted or simplified in individual drawings, in particular the exact distribution of the individual parts on different levels (third dimension) and the exact anchoring of the individual parts, which can be regarded as trivial. The drawings are not always standard technical drawings. In particular, the teeth of gears and rings are shown only as a line. Some of the drawings are created manually and may therefore contain minor display errors that do not affect understanding.

• Drawing 1 Principle of arcing ("power curve"). Two identical bends, rotated by 180 °, move in eight steps along the dotted lines in parallel, without twisting each other, so that the opening is always bounded by 17 individual sections of each arc.
• Drawing 2 Overall context in essential points. Essential functional details are explained sufficiently understandable in the text. Individual details may be provisional, in particular, no final forms of the housing are yet shown. The third dimension, ie the different levels, is not shown. The dashed lines represent the state of the smallest closure size. The dot-dash line is the guide of the pivot pin.
• Drawing 3 Opened clamp
• Drawing 4 Closed clamp in the largest width
• Drawing 5 Closed clamp in the smallest width
• Drawing 6 Rail for the connector. Rail of connector (bold) with troughs for the spring. The rail ensures the correct position and angle in each case. All nine positions of the connector are shown. In the rail may still be mounted about spring-mounted Umlenkzahnräder that the toothed chain ( 9 ) in position.
• Drawings 2-6 Shown is a single clamp. The other clamp is identical and / or mirrored (axisymmetric)
• Drawing 7 angle position largest opening
• Drawing 8 Parallel position largest opening
• Drawing 9 angular position smallest opening
• Drawing 10 Parallel position smallest opening
• Drawings 7 - 10 Shown are both clamps, that is the whole pair. The angled position can be used in two ways, the angular opening towards the body or away from the body. The parallel position can be used in several ways, the hands aligned to "left front" or "right front" and within these variants each still hands with the back of the hand in the same direction or in opposite directions. In addition, a use with the hands over cross conceivable, also with the mentioned variations. The different positions are the result of the rotatability of the connectors axially against each other (torsion rotation) by 180 ° with locking option. A gradation of the rotations in 90 ° steps is conceivable, then the two clamp levels would not be identical, but are perpendicular to each other with a correspondingly extended scope. Next, the connectors should also have hinges for folding the individual clamps. The hinges should also be lockable.
• Drawing 11 Locking bolts and grooves The outer jaws of the housing ( 4 ) have spring-loaded locking bolts in two places to lock the clamps sufficiently. These bolts ( 10 ) grip each closed position into one of nine hollows ( 11 ) in the movable bracket. The bolts are brought by turning the key when opening the handcuffs in the tense, open position and lock when closing by pressing a button not detachable (the lock details are not the subject of the patent).

1. (1) Die Entfernungen zwischen den jeweiligen Mittelpunkten der größten und der kleinsten Schellenöffnung und dem Ende des Verbindungsstücks, also dem Mittelpunkt zwischen beiden Handschellen, haben den Längenfaktor 1,058 ~ 1,48. Die entsprechenden umschlossenen Flächen haben den Faktor (1,058)² = 1,0516 ~ 2,18.
2. (2) Der konstant lange herausragende Teil des Verbindungsstückes. Das Ende markiert die Mitte des Paares Handschellen und somit das Ende des Verbindungsstückes der anderen Schelle. Das gesamte Verbindungsstück hat in der Schelle mehrere Lagen, die fest verbunden sind, wobei eine Lage mit ihren beiden Noppen und der Feder in der eingelassenen Schiene verläuft.
3. (3) Beweglicher, schrittweise parallel verschiebbarer Bügel. Er verfügt über die eine „Potenzkurve“ und bewegt sich zwischen dem Doppelbügel (4). Die letzte Verschlussposition mit zugehörigem „Getriebe“ ist gestrichelt eingezeichnet.
4. (4) Schlossgehäuse, Backen, mit starrem Bügel. Es ist doppelt vorhanden und verfügt über die andere „Potenzkurve“.
5. (5) Schieber mit zwei Eingriffschlitzen oben und unten, in die die kreissegmentförmigen Finger des beweglichen Bügels (3) eingreifen. Er hat eine Schub- bzw. „Pleuel“-Stange in der Mitte. Er bewegt sich zusammen mit dem beweglichen Bügel parallel.
6. (6) Hebel mit Viertelkreis-Zahnkranz. Er wird durch die „Pleuelstange“ des Schiebers (5) bewegt. Da dessen Eingriffbolzen keinen Viertelkreis, sondern den Ausschnitt einer „Potenzkurve“ durchläuft, muss der zugehörige Eingriffschlitz am Ende des Hebels länglich sein.
7. (7) Kleines Zahnrad, konzentrisch zu (8).
8. (8) Großes Zahnrad, konzentrisch zu (7).
9. (9) Zahnkette an zwei Umlenkzahnrädern. Die Kette hat drei Abschnitte, zwei gerade zwischen Zahnrädern und innerhalb der Schiene des Verbindungsstückes ein gekrümmter bzw. in ebenfalls zwei gerade Abschnitte geteilter, s. o.
10. (10) Federgelagerter Verschlussbolzen in den Gehäusebacken, die dem Schlosskasten entsprechen.
11. (11) Nuten im beweglichen Bogen, in die die Verschlussbolzen je Position einrasten.

Numbering of some functional parts and details to which the text refers

1. (1) The distances between the respective centers of the largest and the smallest clamp opening and the end of the connecting piece, ie the center between the two cuffs, have the length factor 1.058 ~ 1.48. The corresponding enclosed areas have the factor (1.058) ² = 1.0516 ~ 2.18.
2. (2) The constant long protruding part of the connector. The end marks the middle of the pair of handcuffs and thus the end of the connector of the other clamp. The entire connector has in the clamp a plurality of layers which are fixedly connected, wherein a layer with its two knobs and the spring extends in the recessed rail.
3. (3) Movable, gradually parallel sliding bracket. He has a "power curve" and moves between the double hanger ( 4 ). The last closing position with associated "gear" is shown in dashed lines.
4. (4) Lock housing, jaws, with rigid bracket. It is duplicated and has the other "power curve".
5. (5) Slider with two engagement slots at the top and bottom into which the circular segment-shaped fingers of the movable bracket ( 3 ) intervene. He has a push or "connecting rod" in the middle. He moves together with the movable bracket parallel.
6. (6) Lever with quadrant sprocket. He is through the "connecting rod" of the slider ( 5 ) emotional. Since its engagement bolt does not pass through a quarter circle but rather through the section of a "power curve", the associated engagement slot at the end of the lever must be oblong.
7. (7) Small gear concentric to ( 8th ).
8. (8) Large gear concentric to ( 7 ).
9. (9) Tooth chain on two deflection gears. The chain has three sections, two straight between gears and within the rail of the connector a curved or divided into two straight sections, so
10. (10) Spring-loaded locking bolts in the housing jaws corresponding to the lock case.
11. (11) Grooves in the moving arch into which the locking pins engage in each position.

Claims (2)

Handcuffs with the possibility of size adjustment by movement of two rigid, curved on the inside, parts against each other, characterized in that the shutter openings relative to the size shape and position remain constant, which by the stepwise parallel displacement of two identical, by 180 ° against each other twisted "power curves" is achieved, whereby ever the same number (here 17) individual sections of the power curves in each active area remains involved, as well as the corresponding change of location, including rotational movement about 9 ° of the connector that docks to the other single clamp. The necessary transport and the necessary rotation by 9 ° each of the connector for generating the positional constancy of the handcuffs Claim 1 , characterized in that the movable bracket, so one of the "power curves", engages in a slide, with this forms a unit, which in turn is parallel displaced as such and moves a lever with quadrant ring gear about an axis which engages in a gear , which, as well as a concentric larger gear, performs a full rotation, which in turn via a toothed chain causes the transport of the connecting piece, which engages stepwise in the respective positions. It is thus a forward and a backward movement possible.

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