DE102017000110A1 - Process for the preparation of a plant treatment agent and method for the treatment of plants - Google Patents

Abstract

A process for the preparation of a plant treatment agent using at least one oil agent, wherein a self-drying and / or oxidatively hardening oil agent is mixed together with water to form an emulsion, in particular which directly forms or precursors the plant treatment agent.

Description

The invention relates to a process for the preparation of a plant treatment agent using at least one oil agent. The invention further relates to a method for the treatment of plants with a plant treatment agent.

The use of oils to make a plant treatment agent is well known in the art. In this case, not self-drying and thus liquid and oily oils are used in the prior art.

A well-known representative of such oils is the oil of the neem tree, which has a strong insecticidal activity. In addition to the intended insecticidal effect, a problem here is that the oil may have phytotoxic side effects even at too high a concentration. Another representative of such oils is rapeseed oil, which also retains its oily consistency. A disadvantage of such non-self-drying / oxidative-drying oils is the fact that these types of oils can be removed from the plant by external environmental influences, in particular by rain, in which by the washing effect of the water, the liquid remaining oil is removed from the plants and so a follow-up treatment may be necessary to restore the effect. Another disadvantage is that an oily surface is created, so that dust can stick to the surface. In addition, fungal spores can adhere and lead to an infection of the plant.

The object of the invention is to produce a plant treatment agent, as well as to bring this to the application, which does not have the aforementioned disadvantages and is preferably manageable by anyone. Preferably, a plant treatment agent is to be provided which, at least in one basic formulation, preferably achieves a physical effect (e.g., barrier effect, mechanical protection), that is, does not provide primary benefit from specific chemically active ingredients of the oil agent employed therein.

Preferably, the method is to produce a plant treatment agent based on the use of an oil agent, which is classified as safe overall from an environmental point of view and with respect to its effect on man, in particular even can serve or even serve as a food for humans.

Moreover, it is also preferred to provide an oil-based plant treatment agent which, after application, produces a self-drying film on the plant which is dry compared to other oils so that foreign particles do not adhere.

Moreover, it is also preferred an object of the invention to provide an oil-based plant treatment agent, which has a lasting effect, in particular has a duration of action, which is extended compared to conventional liquid-containing oils and after application is also resistant to environmental influences, such as rain so particularly preferred is washable.

This object is achieved according to the invention in that a self-drying and / or oxidatively curing oil agent is mixed together with water to form an emulsion, in particular the plant treatment agent directly or a precursor, in particular basic formula for this.

An essential core idea of the invention is to use a self-drying and / or oxidatively hardening oil agent, which means that the selected oil agent dries and cures automatically under normal atmospheric conditions and forms a dry film / coating on the plant surface. Thus, such an oil agent solidifies over time, so that a coating formed from such an oil agent on a plant is more resistant to environmental influences, such as rainwater, compared to the oils used hitherto, which are sticky and liquid by wetting stay.

It is provided according to the invention, such a self-drying and / or oxidatively curing oil agent which hardens by crosslinking reaction with atmospheric oxygen with water to form an emulsion, which simplifies the application and beyond the possibility opens up by the chosen water dilution Layer formation, for example, in terms of layer thickness and / or permeability and / or rate of degradation of the oil agent on the plant to be able to control.

It is thereby opened up a method for the treatment of plants, in which a purposefully prepared emulsion of a self-drying and / or oxidatively curing oil agent and water is applied to plants, which can be done, for example, in a preferred embodiment by means of already existing in practice spray technique Hereinafter, the water content in the emulsion evaporates and the oil remaining of the original emulsion on the plant as a film itself dries and / or oxidatively cures and thereby produces an at least physically acting, in particular mechanical protection for the plant.

As named opens up the advantage that by the water content in the emulsion, which evaporates after application to a plant, thus the total amount of the oil agent on the plant can be very well controlled and thus in comparison to the prior art comparatively Thinner films of the oil agent will be left on the plant. Thus, in particular by the thus controlled oil-average film thickness, the concrete effect on the plant and / or the environmental behavior (eg rate of degradation) can be adjusted specifically.

In particular, it is also possible to form such a film with respect to the oil films previously formed in the prior art, which is still permeable to diffusion, and therefore does not adversely affect the metabolism of the plant.

The self-drying and / or oxidatively curing oil agent used according to the invention is formed according to a preferred embodiment, for example by a self-drying and / or oxidatively curing oil of a single type of oil. The oil agent in this case is therefore a specific oil.

In a further preferred embodiment, it can also be provided to combine a mixture of at least two oils of different types of oil to the oil agent, of which at least one type of oil is a self-drying and / or oxidatively curing type of oil, all oils of such a mixture in each case a self-drying and / or oxidatively curing type of oil are selected. It can be adjusted by the mixture of different types of oils - especially with accordingly different properties - the desired effect of the oil agent targeted.

In a further preferred embodiment, it may be provided that the oil agent of at least one self-drying and / or oxidatively curing oil of at least one type of oil to form, in particular thus, for example. as a mixture according to the previous embodiment, wherein still a resin is dissolved, in particular rosin. In particular, a resin is generally understood to mean a viscous, non-water-soluble liquid, in particular of natural origin, in particular derived from a plant, preferably from a tree.

In particular, resins, preferably the said resin, can have a very positive influence on the property of self-drying or oxidative hardening of the oil agent, in particular in terms of a shortening of the drying time over an oil agent without such a resin additive.

Furthermore, in particular by the use of tung oil as a component in the oil agent, the possibility of its additional property to absorb UV light, the natural sunlight exposure to the plant also targeted for the purpose of plant treatment to make more usable, especially in comparison to an oil Agent without tung oil additive.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, it is provided for the formation of the oil agent, a respective self-drying and / or oxidatively curing oil to choose from an oil that already inherently has a self-drying and / or oxidatively curing property. In particular, it may be an oil with more than 50% proportion of unsaturated fatty acids. Such types of oils are preferred insofar as they need not be subjected to further treatment and can be used directly as a natural product in the oil agent of the plant treatment agent according to the invention.

However, the invention can also provide for the formation of the oil agent to choose at least one self-drying and / or oxidatively curing oil, which is first made of an oil grade without naturally self-drying and / or oxidatively curing property. For example, it is also possible to use oils with less than 50% of unsaturated fatty acids, which typically have no self-drying or oxidatively curing properties at such a fatty acid content.

The preparation of a self-drying and / or oxidatively hardening oil from such a naturally non-drying or non-hardening oil can be caused by a chemical transformation of the oil, for example by transesterification, a conversion of the naturally non-drying or non-hardening oil into a self-drying oil respectively.

Thus, it is thus also possible to use oils for the plant treatment agent according to the invention, the natural property of which initially excludes the use of such an oil when viewed superficially. Thus, for example, it is also possible to resort to particularly favorable and readily available oils for the process according to the invention.

For example, as a whole, the oil agent can be formed from at least one oil selected from the list of the following types of oil:

Pomegranate seed oil, elderflower seed oil, currant seed oil, linseed oil, poppy seed oil, evening primrose oil, oiticica oil (obtained from the seeds of Licania spec.), Cranberry seed oil, rapeseed oil, Sacha inchi oil (obtained from Inca peanut Inca inchi), soybean oil, sunflower oil, tung oil, wild rose oil. It is provided according to the invention as mentioned above, those oils among the aforementioned varieties, which of course not already self-drying or oxidatively curing are to be converted by a chemical pretreatment to this property, such as sunflower oil.

The invention proposes to process the oil agent formed from one or more oils, optionally with further use of at least one resin, together with water to form an emulsion.

For example, it may be provided here to produce the oil agent and the water with the aid of an emulsifier, a mechanical stirring with at least 30,000 revolutions per minute or with ultrasound.

As emulsifiers, for example, common chemical products can be used. Preference is given to using types such as decanol ethoxylates or fatty alcohol ethoxylates. The naming of these concrete products is merely exemplary and of course other suitable emulsifiers can be used.

The invention may advantageously provide that prior to mixing the oil agent and the water are each heated separately to a temperature of about 40 degrees Celsius, preferably of about 55 degrees, but especially less than 65 degrees Celsius. It may then be provided thereafter stir the water in the oil agent, in particular then to disperse to achieve an emulsion.

Overall, the emulsion according to the invention can thus be formed which, as mentioned at the beginning, forms the plant treatment agent directly or as a precursor to it, such as the already mentioned basic recipe from the oil agent and water.

In the emulsification, in particular for the preparation of a basic formula, the oil agent and the water are preferably emulsified in equal parts.
Before emulsifying we heat the oil agent and the water respectively, preferably heated to the same temperature. If an emulsifier is used for emulsification, this is added to the oil agent. After reaching the processing temperature, the water is stirred into the oil agent.

The invention may also provide in a further step, in a step upstream of the emulsification, the oil agent as a whole, which is therefore not yet mixed with water at this time or at least pre-polymerize by heating at least one of its oil components.

By the thus obtained under the influence of heat Vorvernetzung of the oil composition in total or at least one of its components is achieved that the total oil agent after such a complete or partial heat treatment has a lower self-drying time compared to an oil agent the total or not was prepolymerized in one of its components. Thus, in particular by the degree of prepolymerization, in particular controlled by the temperature and the duration of time, the temporal drying or oxidation behavior of the oil agent can be specifically influenced.

For example, it may be provided that the oil agent is prepolymerized in such a way that a self-drying time and / or oxidation time of less than 24 hours is achieved, preferably less than 12 hours. A particularly preferred oxidation time or self-drying time is 20 minutes to max. 2 hours.

This means that after this time, the oil-middle film is no longer greasy, so dry / cured. In this way, it is advantageously achieved that the application of the plant treatment agent according to the invention to plants in particular large agricultural use using a usually reliable for the next 24 hours weather forecast can be done, so that for example a rain-free time can be selected for the application and a sufficiently fast drying to prevent wash off of the treating agent even after 24 hours or after 12 hours in the preferred embodiment or even in the most preferred embodiment after 2 hours of rainfall.

Such a prepolymerized oil agent can thus be used more selectively and in particular more durable than conventional plant treatment agents of the prior art.

A possibility of the invention can provide that the heating of the oil agent as a whole or at least one of its constituents takes place under the action of an oxygen atmosphere, in particular while achieving an acid number of less than 10.

On the other hand, a further preferred embodiment variant provides that the heating of the oil agent as a whole or at least of at least one of its constituents in the absence of oxygen and particularly preferred takes place under the action of an inert protective gas atmosphere.

In this way it can be prevented that an oxygen-based oxidation takes place during the heating, so that according to the invention a prepolymerization without incorporation of oxygen can be achieved with this process variant.

In this way, the invention provides the advantage that an oil agent which is pretreated in such a way or in at least one of its constituents can be more easily mixed with water in the later emulsification step. In addition, it is achieved, especially in the heating under oxygen exclusion, that the oil-medium thickening stronger than when heated by the action of oxygen.

According to the invention, it is particularly advantageous if heating of the oil agent as a whole or of at least one of its constituents takes place in a temperature range of 230 to 400 degrees Celsius, in particular if this takes place under exclusion of an oxygen atmosphere. Thus, the desired prepolymerization can be achieved in comparatively short times. The invention may further provide that upon heating the oil agent or the at least one component of the oil agent at least one resin is added, such as rosin. Rosin can support the resin or film formation at thicker layer thickness (herbicidal effect)

Such a pretreated oil agent can then be processed as described above for emulsion according to the invention, which forms the plant treatment agent directly or in a further preferred embodiment, only a precursor of this.

Thus, in a preferred embodiment, the invention can provide that a plant treatment agent produced in this way, in particular a basic recipe, is further diluted with water before it is actually used on plants. Such a further dilution can in this case be carried out in particular in the cooled state of the emulsion described in the introduction, in particular if it has reached the usual geographical ambient temperature, which is, for example, in the range of 15 to 30 degrees Celsius, depending on the climatic conditions.

By the further dilution of the emulsion with water, in particular the type of effect to be exerted on the plant can be adjusted, since in the emulsion diluted according to the invention the effect depends essentially on the total proportion of the water in the emulsion.

For example, to achieve a desired layer or film thickness of the oil composition on a plant or to control the drying time, a smaller amount of the oil agent in the emulsion provided for the treatment are used, so that this process variant also has a savings potential in terms of discloses respective amounts of oil funds, if the ratio required for the treatment between oil agent and water was not already taken into account directly in the first emulsion produced.

Since, for example, the effect exerted by the plant treatment agent prepared according to the invention may depend on the plant to be treated, the invention may therefore provide for a specifically required after-dilution of the previously prepared emulsion in order to achieve the desired effect or undesired side effects excluded.

For example, it may be provided by the total amount of water, a herbicidal action, a plant-strengthening effect, an action against abiotic damage causes, such as drought, to achieve a fungicidal or insecticidal effect.

The invention may for example also provide that the not further water-diluted emulsion so the product, which was processed after the first addition of water from the oil agent to an emulsion, ie in particular a master recipe, adjusted in terms of its water content so that this emulsion for a plant to be treated has a herbicidal action.

The herbicidal action, in which thus the treating plant itself dies or parts of the plant die off, therefore represents the maximum effect on plants that can be achieved with this starting emulsion, which may be due to the fact that the dried film layer remaining after the evaporation of water is so dense is that the metabolism of the plant is disturbed and / or optionally the UV light absorption is excessive so that the plant dies under the formed and dried film layer.

Based on this maximum effect, which can be achieved with the original emulsion or the basic recipe, the invention can then provide by dilution of this so adjusted emulsion with further water to control the effect to be achieved and set, such as one of the other aforementioned effects ,

The invention can provide here that from the list of the plant-strengthening effect, action against abiotic causes of damage, such as, for example, dryness, fungicidal action and insecticidal action, alternatively each individual effect can be adjusted. Thus, the starting emulsion according to the invention forms the ideal starting agent, which covers any usual spectrum of activity required in a single product and the different effects are achieved by further addition of a certain amount of water.

In the preparation of the plant treatment agent according to the invention, it can also be provided that an active ingredient which is immiscible or soluble in water is added to the oil agent before the emulsification. The active ingredient itself can be a substance, a substance mixture, a biological agent and / or a biological agent mixture. As biological agents effective microorganisms such as bacteria, yeasts or fungi can be used. Thus, in addition to the pure, in particular physical, effects of the treatment agent according to the invention, biological, chemical and / or further / other physical effects may possibly also be included in the plant treatment agent.

The invention may additionally or alternatively also provide that before the emulsification of the water, an active substance is added, which in turn is not miscible or soluble in the oil agent.

Such a procedure has the advantage that the respective addition of the further active ingredient takes place in one of the two phases forming the later emulsion and thus achieves that the additional active ingredient occurs uniformly in the emulsion.

In addition or as an alternative, the invention can also provide that an active ingredient is added to the water used for further dilution before further dilution of the emulsion with water, in particular that which is not miscible or soluble in the oil agent of the emulsion or which is not completely soluble in the water of the emulsion. eg lack of sufficient amount of water is miscible or soluble.

For example, active ingredients added to the oil agent may be other oils which, for example, are themselves non-drying or non-oxidizing, but carry a chemical component that exhibits a desired effect, such as neem tree oil or essential oils. This naming of possible drugs is merely exemplary, and of course, other suitable drugs can be used which are soluble in the oil phase of the treating agent.

For example, an active ingredient to which water may be added may not include only a copper compound or a sulfur compound, e.g. be with known fungicidal activity. Further, for example, active ingredients may be added to result in a new formulation with altered properties. This naming of possible drugs is merely exemplary and, of course, other suitable drugs that are soluble in the aqueous phase of the treatment agent may be used

Thus, a total of the invention discloses a plant treatment agent which predominantly exerts a physical and / or chemical action on the treated plant in its basis, it being possible to control a substantial influence on the layer thickness on the treated plant by the emulsification. The predominantly physical and / or chemical action can be supplemented as described by additional components.

It can be seen that such a plant treatment agent according to the invention is easy to handle by anyone, at least in its basic recipe, and that the agent has no, if any, few side effects, especially if the types of oil used all constitute a potential human foodstuff.

For example, a plant treatment agent against abiotic harmful causes, e.g. To provide dryness, it may be provided to adjust the emulsion in terms of water content, that with the remaining after evaporation of the water oil-middle film, the evaporation of water from the leaves of the plant is inhibited, but no or at least no significant influence is taken on the gas exchange across the leaf surface and stomata. Thus, the oil-middle layer thickness can be chosen after the evaporation of water so that the diffusion of this layer for water / water vapor is less than for oxygen and / or carbon dioxide. For example, the oil middle layer can be formed so that it comprises individual oil-medium drops, between which the sheet surface is partially exposed. In particular, such an oil middle layer can thus also be described as non-percolated. However, the respective leaf can breathe over the remaining free areas between hardened oil-medium drops, but the entire free surface is reduced by the cover, which limits the release of water vapor. In periods of drought, plants can thus be protected from dehydration, in particular without or with a reduced need for additional watering.

The plant treatment agent can be added, for example, in addition substances that enhance the effect, mitigate, modulate or limit the time. The plant treatment agent may, for example, in addition be admixed with substances which themselves provide an action against abiotic harmful causes (eg against harmful UV radiation). The oil middle class then assumes a mediating function (formulation). For example, the duration of action of the added substances can be mediated by an increased rainfastness of the oil middle layer.

For example, a plant treatment agent against animal pests, e.g. Provision of aphids, spider mites, thrips, whiteflies and others, it may be provided to adjust the emulsion in terms of water content so that the oil-middle film envelops the pests, thus preventing the respiration of the pests.

Or the oil middle layer on the plant surface impedes or impedes the orientation of the pests on the plant surface. In particular, such a successful settlement can be avoided. Or the oil middle layer on the plant surface alters the spectrum or amount of volatile matter released by the plants so that host detection by the pathogens does not occur. Or the oil middle layer is admixed with insecticidal substances which remain localized by the oil middle layer as a formulation on the plant surface and can be effectively protected by the film formation from external influences such as rain or UV radiation.

For example, to provide a plant treatment agent against fungal pathogens (pathogens), it may be provided to adjust the emulsion in terms of water content so that the surface structures required for successful host recognition of the fungi on the plant are masked or altered by the oil middle layer. In particular, such an infection can be prevented. In addition, the oil middle layer could reduce infection and fungal growth on the plant surface, because the oil middle layer is not a suitable medium and primary processes of colonization such as spore germination, germ tube development or formation of infection structures are not or limited.

In addition, the oil middle layer is an additional mechanical barrier, which can hinder the infection but also the outgrowth of fungi out of the plant and thus delays the epidemiology (colonization and spread of the fungi in the plant and in the plant population).

Or the oil middle layer are admixed with fungistatic or fungicidal substances, which remain localized by the oil middle layer as a formulation on the plant surface and can be effectively protected by the film formation from external influences such as rain or UV radiation.

For example, To provide a plant treatment agent with herbicidal action, it may be provided to adjust the emulsion in terms of water content so that the film formation of the water and / or gas exchange over the plant surface is so severely impaired that retards or prevents plant growth. A treatment then takes place in the pre-emergence of the actual crop, so that it can not be affected by the treatment.

Or the oil middle layer is used for targeted Abreife the crops.

Claims (16)

A process for the preparation of a plant treatment agent using at least one oil agent, characterized in that a self-drying and / or oxidatively hardening oil agent is mixed together with water to form an emulsion, in particular which forms the plant treatment agent directly or a precursor thereof. Method according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the oil agent is constituted by at least one of the following constituents: a. a self-drying and / or oxidatively hardening oil of one type of oil b. a mixture of at least two oils of different types of oil, of which at least one type of oil is a self-drying and / or oxidatively curing type of oil, preferably all oils of the mixture are each of a self-drying and / or oxidatively curing type of oil, c. at least one self-drying and / or oxidatively curing oil of at least one kind of oil, in which a resin is dissolved, in particular rosin or tung oil Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a respective self-drying and / or oxidatively curing oil is selected from an oil with naturally occurring self-drying and / or oxidatively curing property, in particular from an oil with more than 50% unsaturated fatty acids or is selected from an oil grade without naturally self-drying and / or oxidatively hardening Property, in particular with less than 50% of unsaturated fatty acids, which is chemically converted, in particular transesterified to obtain a self-drying and / or oxidative curing property. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the oil agent is formed from at least one oil which is selected from at least one of the following varieties: linseed oil, poppy oil, rapeseed oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil, tung oil. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mixing to form an emulsion using an emulsifier, a mechanical stirring at least 30,000 U / min or ultrasound. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that prior to mixing, the oil agent and the water are each heated separately to a temperature greater than 40 degrees Celsius, especially greater than 55 degrees Celsius, in particular up to a maximum of 65 degrees Celsius, in particular hereafter the water is stirred into the oil agent and dispersed to obtain an emulsion. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in a step upstream of the emulsification, the oil agent or at least one of its constituents is prepolymerized by heating, in particular prepolymerized such that the oil agent has a self-drying time and / or oxidation time less than 24 hours , preferably less than 12 hours. Method according to Claim 7 , characterized in that the heating takes place under an oxygen atmosphere, in particular while achieving an acid number of less than 10. Method according to Claim 7 , characterized in that the heating takes place in the absence of oxygen, in particular under an inert protective gas atmosphere. Procedure according to one of the previous Claims 6 to 8th , characterized in that a heating in a temperature range of 230 to 400 degrees Celsius, in particular with the addition of at least one resin, in particular rosin or tung oil. Procedure according to one of the previous Claims 5 to 8th , characterized in that a heating takes place over a period of at least 0.5 hours, in particular up to 3 hours. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plant treatment agent prepared according to one of the preceding claims before use in plants, especially in a cooled state, further diluted with water, in particular wherein the nature of the action to be exerted on the plant, in particular Dependence of the plant to be treated, is adjusted by the total amount of water. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one of the following effects is set by the total amount of water: a herbicidal action, a plant-strengthening effect, an action against abiotic damage causes, in particular dryness, a fungicidal action, an insecticidal effect. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the not further water-diluted emulsion in terms of water content is adjusted so that it has a herbicidal action for a plant to be treated and by dilution with further water at least one of the following effects is adjustable, in particular alternatively, each of the following effects is adjustable: a plant-strengthening effect, an action against abiotic harmful causes, especially dryness, a fungicidal action, an insecticidal action. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a. prior to emulsification, an agent is added to the oil agent which is immiscible / soluble in water and / or b. before the emulsification, an active substance is added to the water which is immiscible / soluble in the oil medium and / or c. before a further dilution of the emulsion with water, an active ingredient is added to the water used for the further dilution, in particular that which is immiscible / soluble in the oil agent of the emulsion or is not completely miscible / soluble in the water of the emulsion. A process for the treatment of plants with a plant treatment composition comprising an emulsion of water and at least one self-drying and / or oxidatively hardening oil agent, preferably which is prepared according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the plant treatment agent, in particular by spraying, applied to plants and thereafter the water content in the emulsion is evaporated and the remaining oil agent of the original emulsion dries on the plant as a film itself and / or oxidatively cures, in particular hereafter an at least physically acting / mechanical protection of the plant is produced.