DE102016225513A1 - Circuit arrangement and operating method for an electrical energy storage system - Google Patents

Abstract

Circuit arrangement (300, 400, 800) for an electrical energy storage system (100) having at least two electrical energy storage units (R1, R2) each having a first pole and a second pole, comprising at least one first input (E1, E1 ') and a second input (E2, E2 ') for electrical connection to a power source, at least one first output (A1) and a second output (A2) for electrical connection to an electrical component, at least two first pole terminals (P1) and two second pole terminals (P2), at least two first switches (S11, S12), at least two second switches (S21, S22), at least one third switch (S31), wherein the first output (A1) is electrically connected to a respective second terminal of the first switches (S11, S12) and the second output (A2) is electrically connected to a second terminal of each of the second switches (S21, S22), and the first switches (S11, S12), the second switches (S21, S22), third switches (S31) and further switches (108, S41) are connected such that in a charging operation of the circuit arrangement for charging at least one of the electrical energy storage units (R1, R2) by means of a to the first input (E1) and the second input ( E2) connected to the energy source, and / or in a discharge operation of the circuit arrangement, for operating the electrical component connected to the first output (A1) and the second output (A2), the electrical energy storage units (R1, R2) are connected in series or in parallel.

Description

The present invention is based on a circuit arrangement and operating method for an electrical energy storage system according to the preamble of the independent claims.

State of the art

In today's electrically driven vehicles, especially electric vehicles (EV) or hybrid vehicles (HEV), battery modules are constructed by parallel and series connection of single battery cells, which act in the vehicle to the outside as a battery pack. The battery pack has a rated voltage that defines the voltage range for charging and discharging, depending on the state of charge and the load on the battery pack.

The charging of electrically driven vehicles, especially vehicles with battery as the main source of energy, is nowadays the subject of intensive research and development. On the one hand, this is because current charging times for a full battery charge are still very long, and, on the other hand, the capacity of future storage is likely to increase, so that in the near future built in the vehicle electric energy storage systems with capacities of more than 50 kWh will be used , At the same time for a wider acceptance of these vehicles shorter charging times, preferably comparable to the charging times during refueling of vehicles with internal combustion engine, desirable.

Due to technical standards, available components and technologies, and efficiency requirements, a normal operating voltage of the vehicle drivetrain is currently limited to values of typically 300V to 450V for purely electrically powered vehicles. Standard-compliant charging plugs are typically certified for rated currents up to 200 A, with DC charging voltage typically between 200 V to 850 V. By communication between energy storage system and charging device charging device side can be done within certain limits, a continuous control of charging voltage and charging current.

However, electrical energy storage systems available today, in particular battery systems, offer no possibility of increasing the charging voltage, since their interconnection, for example in series or parallel connection, is hard-wired, and at the same time the drive-side components, for example the inverter, at the normal operating voltage level continuing to drive. An example of a circuit arrangement according to the prior art shows 1 ,

The publication JP 2014-068466 discloses a charging device for efficiently charging electrical energy storage devices using a plurality of series-connected or parallel-connected charging devices with a charge detection device.

The publication US 2013/300370 discloses a battery pack having a plurality of series connected secondary battery cells, and in the presence of an abnormal condition of individual secondary battery cells, the remaining ones can be charged and discharged.

Disclosure of the invention

Advantages of the invention

According to the invention a circuit arrangement for an electrical energy storage system, a method for operating the electrical energy storage system and an electrical energy storage system with the characterizing features of the independent claims is provided.

In this case, the circuit arrangement for an electrical energy storage system comprising at least two electrical energy storage units each having a first pole and a second pole, at least a first input and a second input for electrical connection to a power source, at least a first output and a second output for electrical connection with an electrical component, at least two first pole terminals and two second pole terminals, wherein in each case one of the first pole terminals with the first pole of the electrical energy storage units and one of the second pole terminals with the second pole of the electrical energy storage units are electrically connected, at least two first switches a first terminal of the first switch with the first pole terminal of the first energy storage unit and a first terminal of the first switch with the first Input is electrically connected, at least two second switches, wherein a first terminal of the second switch to the second pole terminal of the first energy storage unit and a first terminal of the second switch to the second input is electrically connected, at least one third switch, wherein a first terminal of the third Switch is electrically connected to the first pole terminal of the first electrical energy storage unit and a second terminal of the third switch to the second pole terminal of the second electrical energy storage unit.

According to the invention, the first output is electrically connected to in each case a second terminal of the first switch, and the second output is electrically connected to a respective second terminal of the second switch, and the first switches, the second switches, the third switch and further switches are connected in such a way in that in a charging operation of the circuit arrangement, for charging at least one of the electrical energy storage units by means of an energy source connected to the first input and the second input, and / or in a discharging operation of the circuit arrangement, for operating the electric power supply connected to the first output and the second output Component, the electrical energy storage units are connected in series or in parallel.

The circuit arrangement according to the invention and the method for operating the circuit arrangement allow a selectable voltage range which is larger in comparison with the prior art and dependent on the operating point. As a result, new opportunities with regard to fast charging and a further improvement in the efficiency of the electric drive in partial load are achieved. Furthermore, the circuit arrangement makes it possible to adapt non-compatible voltage levels between the electrical energy storage system and the charging station.

Further advantageous embodiments of the present invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

Preferably, the power source is a DC power source.

The switches can be designed, for example, as semiconductor switches, for example as MOSFETs or IGBTs, but also as electromechanical relays or contactors.

In a further embodiment, the circuit arrangement further comprises at least two eighth switches, wherein a first terminal of a first eighth switch is electrically connected to the second pole terminal of the first electrical energy storage unit and a first terminal of a second eighth switch to the second pole terminal of the second electrical energy storage unit, and second terminals of the eighth switch are electrically connectable to the second input by means of the further switch.

In a further embodiment, the circuit arrangement further comprises at least two further eighth switches, wherein a first connection of a third eighth switch to the first output and a first connection of a fourth eighth switch to the second output are electrically connected and the first switches, the second switches, the third switch, the eighth switch and further switches are connected such that in a charging operation of the circuit arrangement for charging at least one of the electrical energy storage units by means of a first energy source connected to the first input and the second input and by means of a third input and the fourth input connected second power source, the electrical energy storage units are switched separately.

Furthermore, the subject of the invention is an electrical energy storage system with at least two electrical energy storage units, wherein the electrical energy storage system comprises a circuit arrangement according to the invention. Thus, in particular at the system level, a significant reduction of the charging time can be achieved while maintaining proven technologies.

Furthermore, the subject of the invention is a use of a circuit arrangement according to one of claims 1 or 2 in electrically driven vehicles including hybrid vehicles.

An electrical energy storage unit may in particular be understood as meaning an electrochemical battery cell and / or a battery module having at least one electrochemical battery cell and / or a battery pack having at least one battery module. For example, the electric energy storage unit may be a lithium battery cell or a lithium battery module or a lithium battery pack. In particular, the electrical energy storage unit may be a lithium-ion battery cell or a lithium-ion battery module or a lithium-ion battery pack. Furthermore, the battery cell of the type Lithium-polymer accumulator, nickel-metal hydride accumulator, lead-acid accumulator, lithium-air accumulator or lithium-sulfur accumulator or more generally an accumulator of any electrochemical composition.

list of figures

• 1 eine Schaltungsanordnung von elektrischen Energiespeichereinheiten für ein Fahrzeug gemäß dem Stand der Technik,
• 2 eine erfindungsgemäße Schaltungsanordnung für ein Fahrzeug mit zwei elektrischen Energiespeichereinheiten gemäß einer ersten Ausführungsform,
• 3 eine erfindungsgemäße Schaltungsanordnung für ein Fahrzeug mit zwei elektrischen Energiespeichereinheiten gemäß einer zweiten Ausführungsform,
• 4 eine erfindungsgemäße Schaltungsanordnung für ein Fahrzeug mit zwei elektrischen Energiespeichereinheiten gemäß einer dritten Ausführungsform,
• 5 ein Flussdiagramm eines erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens für ein elektrisches Energiespeichersystem mit zwei elektrischen Energiespeichereinheiten gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel, und
• 6 eine erfindungsgemäße Schaltungsanordnung für ein Fahrzeug mit zwei elektrischen Energiespeichereinheiten gemäß einer fünften Ausführungsform.

Show it:

• 1 a circuit arrangement of electrical energy storage units for a vehicle according to the prior art,
• 2 a circuit arrangement according to the invention for a vehicle with two electrical energy storage units according to a first embodiment,
• 3 a circuit arrangement according to the invention for a vehicle with two electrical energy storage units according to a second embodiment,
• 4 a circuit arrangement according to the invention for a vehicle with two electrical energy storage units according to a third embodiment,
• 5 a flowchart of a method according to the invention for an electrical energy storage system with two electrical energy storage units according to an embodiment, and
• 6 a circuit arrangement according to the invention for a vehicle with two electrical energy storage units according to a fifth embodiment.

Embodiments of the invention

Identical reference signs denote the same device components or method steps in all figures.

2 shows a circuit arrangement according to the invention 200 for a vehicle having two electrical energy storage units R1 and R2 according to a first embodiment. In the left area while electrical components are shown, which when using the circuit arrangement according to the invention 200 can remain unchanged. In particular, it is an electric motor 107 , an inverter 106 , a DC / DC converter 104 for the 12 V electrical system and the on-board battery 105 , a DC link with DC link capacity 103 and an air conditioning compressor 102 , All electrical components, via the first output A1 and the second output A2 to the circuit arrangement 200 Consequently, they can continue to be used unchanged. The electric energy storage units R1 and R2 are inside the battery 100 via the two first pole terminals P1 and the two second pole terminals P2 to the circuit arrangement according to the invention 200 connected. The electrical energy storage units R1 and R2 consist of several individual battery cells 101 , A first first switch S11 and a first second switch S21 are used, in particular, to enable an electrical connection of the first electrical energy storage unit R1 to the first output A1 or the second output A2. Furthermore, a second first switch S12 and a second second switch S22 serve, in particular, to enable an electrical connection of the second electrical energy storage unit R2 to the first output A1 or the second output A2. Furthermore, a first third switch S31 is used to interconnect the electrical energy storage units R1 and R2 in series with one another during charging operation. An energy supply is effected by an energy source connected to the first input E1 and the second input E2. About two switches 108 For example, the first input E1 and the second input E2 can be disconnected from the energy storage units. This ensures that the inputs can be de-energized when not charging. The switch positions of the first switches S11 and S12, the second switches S21 and S22, and the first third switch S31 and the switch 108 When connected in series in the charging mode, the following table shows: S11 S12 S21 S22 S31 108 Switch position in charging mode closed open open closed open open closed closed

Thus, in the charging mode between the first input E1 and the second input E2, the double voltage, it can therefore be transmitted at the same power twice the amount of energy. there When manufacturing the series connection, care should be taken that first the second first switch S12 and the second second switch S22 are opened before the first third switch S31 is closed in order to avoid a short circuit. This can be done with mechanical switching device, such as shooters, by a common mechanical coupling of the second first switch S12, the second second switch S22 and the first third switch S31 with a corresponding lagging of the opening of the first third switch S31 or electronic switching devices, such as MOSFETs or IGBTs, as well as in non-coupled electromechanical switching devices by a corresponding veto-wiring of the control or by appropriately secured software functions in a switching device controlling, not shown here electronic unit. The first first switch S11 and the first second switch S21 may be in the closed or open state, depending on whether one or more electrical components connected via the first output A1 and the second output A2 should also be supplied with energy during the charging operation , The supply of the connected electrical components 102 to 107 For example, it makes sense to, for example, during the charging process, the cooling system of the battery 100 and connected 12V consumers. If the first first switch S11 and the first second switch S21 are closed, the electrical energy storage units R1 and R2 are charged to different degrees. The first electrical energy storage unit R1 is charged by a lower charging current and therefore typically has a lower charging state at the end of the charging process than the second electrical energy storage unit R2.

When the charging operation has ended and energy is to be delivered to electrical components connected across the first output A1 and the second output A2, the switch position of said switches changes as follows: S11 S12 S21 S22 S31 108 Switch position in non-charging mode closed closed closed closed open open

When switching over from series connection of the electrical energy storage units R1 and R2 to parallel connection of R1 and R2, care must be taken that the first third switch S31 is first opened before the second first switch S12 and the second second switch S22 are switched over to a short circuit to avoid. This can be achieved with the aforementioned means, for example a mechanical coupling.

In order to limit a possible compensation current when the parallel connection between the two electrical energy storage units is established, the circuit arrangement is included 200 an additional, mainly inductive acting component 201 integrated. Furthermore, the second first switch S12 can be operated in a clocked manner for a certain time, for example a few minutes, for equalizing the current flow.

3 shows a circuit arrangement according to the invention 300 for a vehicle with two electrical energy storage units R1 and R2 according to a second embodiment. In this case, electrical components connected via the first output A1 and the second output A2 can be supplied by the first electrical energy storage unit R1 as well as by the second electrical energy storage unit R2 during the charging process. For this purpose, the first switches S11 and S12 are each electrically connected to their second terminals to the first output A1 and the second switches S21 and S22 each having its second terminals to the second output A2. This makes it possible to alternately connect or disconnect the electrical components connected via the first and second outputs A1 and A2 to the first electrical energy storage unit R1 or the second electrical energy storage unit R2. Thus, unequal charging of the electric energy storage units R1 and R2 can be limited. Furthermore, in the case of unequal states of charge, at first only the electrical energy storage unit with the higher charge state can be used to supply the electrical components by closing or opening the corresponding first and second switches. The switches 108 serve the electrical separation of the first input E1 and the second input E2 of live components, here the electrical energy storage units R1 and R2. This ensures that the battery 100 can be disconnected from the mains on all sides.

In the embodiment shown, the circuit arrangement 300 can in a first application, for example, if a fault is detected in at least one of the two electrical energy storage units R1, R2, a shutdown of the electrical energy storage unit R1, R2 for security reasons The consequence is that only this electrical energy storage unit R1, R2 can be electrically separated from the first output A1 and the second output A2. As a result, the vehicle is put into an emergency mode ("Limp Home") in which a maximum available battery power is reduced to the other electrical energy storage unit R1, R2. A range of the vehicle is thereby limited, but the vehicle remains manoeuvrable and safety systems can be kept in operation, which is an important requirement especially for autonomously driving vehicles.

The switch positions of the first switches S11 and S12, the second switches S21 and S22, and the first third switch S31 and the switch 108 are given in the following table: switch position S11 S12 S21 S22 S31 108 Discharge mode (driving mode): R1, R2 connected in parallel X X X X ○ ○ Discharge mode: Only R1 switched X ○ X ○ ○ ○ Discharge mode: Only R2 switched ○ X ○ X ○ ○

Here, "X" denotes a closed switch position and "○" an open switch position.

In the embodiment shown, the circuit arrangement 300 For example, in a second application at a partial load operation of the vehicle, the electrical energy storage units R1, R2 can be switched from series to parallel in order to reduce an applied voltage level. As a result, switching losses are reduced at a power electronics of the vehicle, thereby reducing a cycle consumption and thus increases the range of the vehicle. If an adaptation of different voltage levels between the electrical energy storage units R1, R2 is necessary, at times only one electrical energy storage unit R1, R2 can be switched on.

The switch positions of the first switches S11 and S12, the second switches S21 and S22, and the first third switch S31 and the switch 108 are given in the following table: switch position S11 S12 S21 S22 S31 108 Discharge mode (full load, full rated voltage): R1, R2 connected in series ○ X X ○ X ○ Discharge operation (partial load, ideally half rated voltage): R1, R2 connected in parallel X X X X ○ ○

Here, "X" denotes a closed switch position and "○" an open switch position.

In the embodiment shown, the circuit arrangement 300 can be loaded in a third application by a series circuit of the electrical energy storage unit R1, R2 with a substantially double nominal voltage. As a result, despite a current limitation of the charging station and / or the charging cable, a higher charging power can be achieved.

The switch positions of the first switches S11 and S12, the second switches S21 and S22, and the first third switch S31 and the switch 108 are given in the following table: switch position S11 S12 S21 S22 S31 108 Discharge mode: R1, R2 connected in parallel X X X X ○ ○ Charging mode with nominal voltage: R1, R2 connected in parallel X X X X ○ X Charging mode with double rated voltage: R1, R2 connected in series ○ ○ ○ ○ X X

Here, "X" denotes a closed switch position and "○" an open switch position.

In the embodiment shown, the circuit arrangement 300 In a fourth application, the electrical energy storage units R1. R2 are connected in parallel, which is still possible to charging stations with a low voltage, for example, lower than the vehicle voltage, a charging process.

In the embodiment shown, the circuit arrangement 300 If, in a fifth application, the electrical energy storage units R1, R2 can be charged in chronological order, then, for example, after reaching a predefined state of charge, the energy storage unit R1 can be electrically switched to the energy storage unit R2. Alternatively, electrical energy storage units R1, R2 may be alternately charged, for example when the vehicle is turned off for a predefined period of time. After a predefined period of time in which one of the two electrical energy storage units R1 R2 is charged, for example 5 min, it is electrically switched to the other electrical energy storage unit.

The switch positions of the first switches S11 and S12, the second switches S21 and S22, and the first third switch S31 and the switch 108 are given in the following table: switch position S11 S12 S21 S22 S31 108 Discharge mode: R1, R2 in series ○ X X ○ X ○ Charging mode: R1, R2 parallel X X X X ○ X Charging mode: only R1 X X ○ ○ ○ X Charging mode: only R2 ○ ○ X X ○ X

Here, "X" denotes a closed switch position and "○" an open switch position.

4 shows a circuit arrangement according to the invention 400 for a vehicle with two electric energy storage units R1 and R2 according to a third embodiment. In particular, a spatially separate structure of the electrical energy storage units R1 and R2 is possible by a first fourth switch S41, which nevertheless allows a possible safety requirement for all-pole separation of the high-voltage-carrying components, for example for contact protection to the outside. The electrical energy storage units R1 and R2 together with associated switches are installed in separate housings G1 and G2, respectively, whereby in particular flexibility with regard to the installation space design can be obtained. For charging or for starting the charging operation with increased charging voltage, the first fourth switch S41 is to be closed in addition to the first third switch S31, so that a series connection of the electrical energy storage units R1 and R2 is produced. Upon completion of the charging operation, the first fourth switch S41 is therefore to be opened in addition to the opening of the first third switch S31. In addition, it is advantageous that the components located in the separate housings G1 and G2 are in each case identical, that is to say the battery 100 can be built from identical modules or subsystems, which saves manufacturing costs and simplifies a possible replacement during repair.

In the embodiment shown, the circuit arrangement 400 can in a first application, for example, if a fault in at least one of the two electrical energy storage units R1, R2 is detected, which has a shutdown of the electrical energy storage unit R1, R2 for safety reasons, only this electrical energy storage unit R1, R2 from the first output A1 and the second output A2 are electrically isolated. As a result, the vehicle is put into an emergency mode ("Limp Home") in which a maximum available battery power is reduced to the other electrical energy storage unit R1, R2. A range of the vehicle is thereby limited, but the vehicle remains manoeuvrable and safety systems can be kept in operation, which is an important requirement especially for autonomously driving vehicles.

The switch positions of the first switches S11 and S12, the second switches S21 and S22, the first third switch S31 and the fourth switch S41, and the switch 108 are given in the following table: switch position S11 S12 S21 S22 S31 S41 108 Discharge mode: R1, R2 connected in parallel X X X X ○ ○ ○ Discharge mode: Only R1 switched X ○ X ○ ○ / X X / ○ ○ Discharge mode: Only R2 switched ○ X ○ X ○ / X X / ○ ○

Here, "X" denotes a closed switch position and "○" an open switch position. "X / ○" indicates here that both a closed and an open switch position is possible, possibly in response to a switch position of at least one other switch.

In the embodiment shown, the circuit arrangement 400 For example, in a second application at a partial load operation of the vehicle, the electrical energy storage units R1, R2 can be switched from series to parallel in order to reduce an applied voltage level. As a result, switching losses are reduced at a power electronics of the vehicle, thereby reducing a cycle consumption and thus increases the range of the vehicle. If an adaptation of different voltage levels between the electrical energy storage units R1, R2 is necessary, at times only one electrical energy storage unit R1, R2 can be switched on.

The switch positions of the first switches S11 and S12, the second switches S21 and S22, the first third switch S31 and the fourth switch S41, and the switch 108 are given in the following table: switch position S11 S12 S21 S22 S31 S41 108 Discharge operation (partial load: ideally half rated voltage): R1, R2 connected in parallel X X X X ○ / X X / ○ ○ Discharge mode (full load, full rated voltage): R1, R2 connected in series ○ X X ○ X X ○

Here, "X" denotes a closed switch position and "○" an open switch position. "X / ○" indicates here that both a closed and an open switch position is possible, possibly in response to a switch position of at least one other switch.

In the embodiment shown, the circuit arrangement 400 can be loaded in a third application by a series circuit of the electrical energy storage unit R1, R2 with a substantially double nominal voltage. As a result, despite a current limitation of the charging station and / or the charging cable, a higher charging power can be achieved.

The switch positions of the first switches S11 and S12, the second switches S21 and S22, the first third switch S31 and the fourth switch S41, and the switch 108 are given in the following table: switch position S11 S12 S21 S22 S31 S41 108 Discharge mode: R1, R2 parallel X X X X ○ / X X / ○ ○ Charging mode with nominal voltage: R1, R2 parallel X X X X ○ / X / ○ ○ / ○ / X X Charging mode with double rated voltage: R1, R2 in series ○ ○ ○ ○ X X X

Here, "X" denotes a closed switch position and "○" an open switch position. "X / ○" indicates here that both a closed and an open switch position is possible, possibly in response to a switch position of at least one other switch.

In the embodiment shown, the circuit arrangement 400 For example, in a fourth application, the electrical energy storage units R1, R2 can be connected in parallel, whereby a charging process is still possible on charging columns with a low voltage, for example lower than the vehicle voltage.

In the embodiment shown, the circuit arrangement 400 If, in a fifth application, the electrical energy storage units R1, R2 can be charged in chronological order, then, for example, after reaching a predefined state of charge, the energy storage unit R1 can be electrically switched to the energy storage unit R2. Alternatively, electrical energy storage units R1, R2 may be alternately charged, for example when the vehicle is turned off for a predefined period of time. After a predefined period of time in which one of the two electrical energy storage units R1, R2 is charged, for example 5 min, it is electrically switched to the other electrical energy storage unit.

The switch positions of the first switches S11 and S12, the second switches S21 and S22, the first third switch S31 and the fourth switch S41, and the switch 108 are given in the following table: switch position S11 S12 S21 S22 S31 S41 108 Discharge mode: R1, R2 in series ○ X X ○ X X ○ Charging mode: R1, R2 parallel X X X X ○ / X / ○ ○ / ○ / X X Charging mode R1 X X ○ ○ ○ / X / ○ ○ / ○ / X X Charging mode R2 ○ ○ X X ○ / X / ○ ○ / ○ / X X

Here, "X" denotes a closed switch position and "○" an open switch position. "X / ○" indicates here that both a closed and an open switch position is possible, possibly in response to a switch position of at least one other switch.

5 shows a flowchart of a method according to the invention for a charging process for an electrical energy storage system with two electrical energy storage units R1, R2 according to an embodiment. The initial position of all switches for the following exemplary description is that all switches are open.

In a first step ST70, it is checked which electrical energy stores are to be charged in the charging mode by means of an energy source connected to the first input E1 and the second input E2, for example the electrical energy storage units R1 and R2. In addition, it is determined whether an electrical component connected to the first output A1 and to the second output A2 should be supplied by at least one electrical energy storage unit in the charging operation. For example, here a supply of the electrical component by the two electrical energy storage unit R1 and R2.

In a second step ST71, at least one property of the electrical energy source is determined, for example the electrical voltage.

In a third step ST72, at least one property of the electrical energy storage unit R1 is determined, for example a state of charge.

In a fourth step ST73, at least one property of the electrical energy storage unit R2 is determined, for example a state of charge.

In a fifth step ST74 it is determined whether there are specifications for the charging operation, for example a maximum available time duration and / or a predefined state of charge that is to be achieved.

In a sixth step ST75, the type of charging operation for which electrical energy store is performed, for example series connection of the electrical energy stores R1 and R2, parallel connection of the electrical energy store, is determined as a function of the determined boundary conditions R1 and R2, mutual series and parallel connection of the electrical energy storage R1 and R2, charging the electrical energy storage device R1, charging the electrical energy storage device R2.

In a seventh step ST76, when the electrical energy stores R1 and R2 are connected in series, the switches S11 and S22 are opened or left in the open position. The switches S12, S21 and S31 are closed.

In parallel connection of the electrical energy storage R1 and R2, the switch S31 is opened or left in the open position. The switches S11, S12, S21, S22 are closed.

In an eighth step ST77, the switches are closed 108 and starting the power supply to the connected electrical energy storage units R1 and R2 by means of an energy source connected to the first input E1 and the second input E2.

In a ninth step ST78, the charge states of the electrical energy storage units R1, R2 are monitored and compared with each other. If a respectively required state of charge for at least one of the electrical energy storage units R1, R2 has been reached or has been charged for a defined period of time, the energy supply of the DC energy source connected to the first input E1 and the second input E2 is switched off.

In a further embodiment, if a defined state of charge difference between the electrical energy storage units R1, R2 is exceeded, at least one electrical energy storage unit to be charged is changed, for example cyclically, in order to allow uniform charging of all electrical energy storage units. Likewise, a defined loading period can be used as a criterion.

In a tenth step ST79 then takes place such opening and / or closing of the electrical energy storage units electrically connected switches, so that the electrical energy storage units R1, R2 are connected in series or in parallel.

The method then begins again in the first step ST70, wherein the switch positions are adjusted according to the above explanations.

When switching or changing between the electrical components of the vehicle supplying electrical energy storage units, it is advantageous to the electrical components, such as the air conditioning compressor 102 to signal before opening the corresponding switches, for example the third first switch S13 and the third second switch S23, to minimize their consumption. Thus, an excessive drop in the voltage in the DC link can be avoided.

6 shows a circuit arrangement according to the invention 300 for a vehicle having two electric energy storage units R1 and R2 according to a fifth embodiment.

In the embodiment shown, the circuit arrangement 300 For example, the electrical energy storage units R1, R2 can be switched separately, as a result of which each individual energy storage unit R1, R2 is charged at its own charging station. Thus, in the embodiment shown, the electrical energy storage unit R1 is electromechanically connected to a first charging station by means of a third input E1 'and a fourth input E2', and the electrical energy storage unit R2 is electromechanically connected to a second charging station by means of the first input E1 and the second input E2

On charging stations with a limited charging power, the charging time is reduced significantly, ideally by half.

The switch positions of the first switches S11 and S12, the second switches S21 and S22, the first third switch S31 and eighth switches S81, S82, S83, S84 and the switch 108 . 108 ' when connected in parallel in the discharge operation, for example, a driving operation of an electric vehicle with the electric energy storage units, and separate circuit in the charging operation are given in the following table:

Through the eighth switches S83, S84, the battery is from the electrical components 102 . 103 . 104 . 105 . 106 . 107 electrically separable. switch position S11 S12 S21 S22 S31 108 108 ' S81 S82 S83 S84 Discharge mode: R1, R2 connected in parallel X X X X / ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ / X ○ / X X X Charging mode: R1, R2 are charged at different charging stations X ○ X ○ ○ X X ○ X ○ / X ○ / X

Here, "X" denotes a closed switch position and "○" an open switch position. "X / ○" indicates here that both a closed and an open switch position is possible, possibly in response to a switch position of at least one other switch.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• JP 2014068466 [0006]
• US 2013300370 [0007]

Claims (5)

Circuit arrangement (300, 400, 800) for an electrical energy storage system (100) having at least two electrical energy storage units (R1, R2) each having a first pole and a second pole, comprising - at least one first input (E1) and a second input (E2 ) for electrical connection to a power source, - at least one first output (A1) and a second output (A2) for electrical connection to an electrical component, - at least two first pole terminals (P1) and two second pole terminals (P2), one each the first pole terminals (P1) are electrically conductively connected to the first pole of the electrical energy storage units (R1, R2) and one of the second pole terminals (P2) are electrically conductively connected to the second pole of the electrical energy storage units (R1, R2), S11, S12), wherein a first terminal of the first switch (S11) is connected to the first pole terminal (P1) of the first energy storage unit (R1) and a first terminal of the first switch (S12) is electrically connected to the first input (E1), - at least two second switches (S21, S22), wherein a first terminal of the second switch (S21) to the second pole terminal (P2) of first energy storage unit (R1) and a first terminal of the second switch (S22) is electrically connected to the second input (E2), - at least one third switch (S31), wherein a first terminal of the third switch (S31) to the first terminal ( P1) of the first electrical energy storage unit (R1) and a second terminal of the third switch (S31) to the second pole terminal (P2) of the second electrical energy storage unit (R2) is electrically connected, characterized in that - the first output (A1), respectively a second terminal of the first switch (S11, S12) is electrically connected, and - the second output (A2) with a respective second terminal of the second switch (S21, S22) electrically verbu nden, and - the first switches (S11, S12), the second switches (S21, S22), the third switch (S31) and further switches (108, S41) are connected such that in a charging operation of the circuit arrangement, for charging at least one of the electrical energy storage units (R1, R2) by means of an energy source connected to the first input (E1) and the second input (E2), and / or in a discharge operation of the circuit arrangement, for operating the to the first output (A1) and the second output (A2) connected electrical component, the electrical energy storage units (R1, R2) are connected in series or in parallel. Circuit arrangement according to Claim 1 characterized in that the circuit arrangement further comprises: - at least two eighth switches (S81, S82), wherein a first terminal of a first eighth switch (S81) to the second pole terminal (P2) of the first electrical energy storage unit (R1) and a first terminal a second eighth switch (S82) is electrically connected to the second pole terminal (P2) of the second electrical energy storage unit, and second terminals of the eighth switches (S81, S82) are electrically connectable to the second input (E2) by means of the further switch (108) , at least two further eighth switches (S83, S84), wherein a first terminal of a third eighth switch (S83) to the first output (A1) and a first terminal of a fourth eighth switch (S84) to the second output (A2) electrically and - the first switches (S11, S12), the second switches (S21, S22), the third switch (S31), the eighth switches (S81, S82, S83, S84) and further S Switches (108,108 ') are connected such that in a charging operation of the circuit arrangement, for charging at least one of the electrical energy storage units (R1, R2) by means of a first input to the first input (E1) and the first input (E2) and by means of a to a third input (E1 ') and a fourth input (E2') connected to the second energy source, the electrical energy storage units (R1, R2) are switched separately. Method for operating a circuit arrangement of an electrical energy storage system (100) with at least two electrical energy storage units (R1, R2), and with at least one circuit arrangement (300, 400, 800) according to one of Claims 1 to 2 comprising the steps of: a) checking in which operating mode the circuit arrangement is to be operated; b) If a charging operation is recognized as the required operating mode: (ST70) Check and select which electrical energy storage units (R1, R2) are to be charged during charging by means of a power source connected to the first input (E1) and the second input (E2) whether one connected to the first output (A1) and the second output (A2) electrical component during charging of at least one electrical energy storage unit (R1, R2) to be supplied; (ST71) determining at least one property of the electrical energy source determined; (ST72) determining at least one property of the first electrical energy storage unit (R1); (ST73) determining at least one property of the second electrical energy storage unit (R2); (ST74) Determine whether further specifications exist for the loading operation; (ST75) Specify which type of charging operation is performed depending on the conditions determined in the previous steps (ST70, ST71, ST72, ST73, ST74); (ST76) When the electrical energy storage units (R1, R2) are connected in series, a first switch (S11) and a second switch (S22) are opened and a first switch (S12), a second switch (S21) and a third switch (S31) are closed or when the electrical energy storage units (R1, R2) are connected in parallel, the third switch (S31) is opened and the first switches (S11, S12) and second switches (S21, S22) are closed; (ST77) closing the switch 108 and starting the power supply to the connected electrical energy storage units (R1, R2) by means of an energy storage source connected to the first and second input (E1, E2); (ST78) monitoring the charge states of the electric energy storage units (R1, R2); (ST79) terminating the charging operation by opening and / or closing the switches such that the electrical energy storage units (R1, R2) are connected in series or in parallel. c) If a discharge operation is recognized as the required mode: (ST70) Check and select which electrical energy storage units (R1, R2) discharge in the discharge mode by means of the electrical component connected to the first output (A1) and the second output (A2) to be (ST71) determining at least one property of the electrical component detected; (ST72) determining at least one property of the first electrical energy storage unit (R1); (ST73) determining at least one property of the second electrical energy storage unit (R2); (ST74) Determine whether further requirements exist for the unloading operation; (ST75) Determine which type of unloading operation is performed depending on the conditions determined in the previous steps (ST70, ST71, ST72, ST73, ST74); (ST76) When the electrical energy storage units (R1, R2) are connected in series, a first switch (S11) and a second switch (S22) are opened and a first switch (S12), a second switch (S21) and a third switch (S31) are closed or when the electrical energy storage units (R1, R2) are connected in parallel, the third switch (S31) is opened and the first switches (S11, S12) and second switches (S21, S22) are closed; (ST77) closing two eighth switches (S83, S84) to start the power supply to the connected electric energy storage units (R1, R2); (ST78) monitoring the charge states of the electric energy storage units (R1, R2); (ST79) terminating the discharging process by opening and / or closing the switches such that the electrical energy storage units (R1, R2) are connected in series, in parallel or separately. Electrical energy storage system (100) having at least two electrical energy storage units (R1, R2), characterized in that the electrical energy storage system (100) comprises a circuit arrangement (300, 400, 800) according to one of Claims 1 to 3 includes. Use of a circuit arrangement (300, 400, 800) according to one of Claims 1 to 4 in electrically powered vehicles including hybrid vehicles.

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