DE102016222451A1 - Roller bearing and gear device with a roller bearing - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a (13, 14, 15) with rollers (2) and with a cage (1) which circumferentially at least one row circumferentially around an axially aligned axis of rotation (16) distributed pockets (3) and which between two axially facing away from each other end faces (5a, 6a) of the cage (1), wherein in the pockets (3) the rollers (2) are arranged, and thereby the pockets (3) are aligned axially in the same direction with the axis of rotation (16), and wherein each of the pockets (3) is limited to the end faces (5a, 6a) axially in each case by an axial section (5b, 6b) of a side edge (5, 6) revolving around the rotation axis (16), the rollers (2 ) all have the same roll length (L).

Description

Field of the invention

The invention relates to a roller bearing with rollers and with a cage which circumferentially at least one row distributed around an axially aligned axis of rotation pockets and which extend between two mutually axially opposite end faces of the cage, wherein rollers are arranged in the pockets, and the pockets axially aligned in the same direction with the axis of rotation, and wherein each of the pockets is limited to the end faces each axially through an axial portion of a circumferential about the rotation axis side edge, wherein the rollers all have the same roll length. The invention further relates to a transmission device with a component which is mounted by means of a roller bearing or a transmission device with at least one shaft, with at least one first gear, wherein the first gear is rotatably supported by means of at least one roller bearing about the axis of rotation of the shaft on the shaft ,

Background of the invention

Out DE 10 2012 207 067 A1 a transmission device with loose wheels is known. Each idler gear consists of a loose wheel, a clutch and the roller bearing. The loose wheel sits by means of Losradlagerung rotatably mounted on a gear shaft and is in constant mesh with another gear that is rotationally fixed on a countershaft, and is constantly entrained or driven by this. With the rotationally fixed connected to the transmission shaft coupling, when the respective idler gear associated gear is engaged, a rotationally fixed connection between the idler gear and the gear shaft is made so that torques can be transmitted from the gear via the idler gear. In this case, the corresponding idler wheel does not rotate. If, for example, a gear assigned to a loose gear is engaged, the clutches of the further idler gears are separated from the respective idler gears. The rotation-resistant connections are thus canceled. The gear shaft and the idler gear rotate relative to each other, because the respective idler gear is entrained by a gear of the countershaft. Contrary to the usual load cases, loose-wheel bearings are therefore not loaded at high speeds of the bearing and are heavily loaded without rotational speed. In non-rotating roller bearings, the rollers remaining substantially at one location can be incorporated into the surface of the raceways by vibrations. There are notches in the surfaces, which are also referred to as ripples. Such corrugations have an adverse effect on the life and the noise behavior of the bearings.

In manual transmissions of motor vehicles, noises frequently occur which are caused inter alia by the rolling bearings of the gears and the gear shafts. These noises disturb the driver of the vehicle. Such bearings run, especially at cold temperatures with tough lubricants and thus with unfavorable running dynamics. This can lead to noise, for example to the so-called "hoot noise". Also known are so-called "whistling noises" in gearbox bearings. In roller bearings of motor vehicles, in which steel cages are installed, often occur problems with the so-called "cage noise" on. In addition, loose wheel bearings may be the cause of disturbing noises of the vehicle transmission due to the aforementioned reasons and due to the initially mentioned corrugation.

Description of the invention

The invention is based on the object to provide a better adapted to the functional requirements of a bearing assembly in a transmission device roller bearing, which is unchanged in its main dimensions compared to a conventional roller bearing and can be produced with simple and inexpensive measures.

The object is achieved with the characterizing features of claims 1, 8 and 9, respectively.

According to the invention, at least one axially offset at least in the direction of one of the end sides to a second pocket. Since each bag is filled with at least one roll and the at least the axial dimensions of the pockets are equal to each other, so that the end faces of the rollers of the first and second pockets are offset axially to each other, provided that the roles are the same length and the game is uniform. Under roles are cylindrically shaped rolling elements such as rollers and needles to understand. The term "cylindrical" does not exclude the known from the rolling bearing technology on rollers and deviating from the cylindrical shape crowns and conical shapes of the rolling elements. The rollers or pockets are circumferentially arranged in one, two or more rows about the axis of rotation. In a bag can also be used several roles.

The invention thus deliberately creates an irregularity in the structure with which the rollers are distributed in the cage. This irregularity prevents regular running of the rolling elements in the raceways, especially in the load zones during operation of the roller bearings. Disturbing noises can be avoided by adjusting the changing frequency of the rollers.

With an embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the width of a first portion of the web limiting the first pocket to one end face is smaller than the width of a second pocket to this same end face in delimiting second portion. The pockets can follow each other in the circumferential direction directly or not be distributed directly to each other on the circumference. A further embodiment of the invention provides that, at least at one pocket, the widths of the web portions limiting this pocket to the end faces are of different sizes.

Due to the irregularly arranged pockets results in the operating condition, during the rolling of the roller bearing, no regular shrinkage or, as in loose-wheel bearings, irregular incorporation of the rolling elements in the region of the load zones. The changing frequency of the rollers or needles that occurs during regularly recurring running of the rollers advantageously prevents noise generation.

The cage according to the invention can be produced inexpensively by means of simple measures. In addition, neither the lubrication of the roller bearing nor the wear of the cage or other components of the roller bearing are adversely affected by the cage concept according to the invention. In addition, the assembly, the assembly of the roller bearing by the use of the cage according to the invention over cages of the prior art is not more difficult. Cages of the prior art are interchangeable by cages of the same size according to the invention, without the surrounding construction must be changed.

An embodiment of the invention provides that, seen in the circumferential direction, at least two webs arranged between the pockets have different web widths to each other. Accordingly, the embodiment of the invention provides that regular distances of the rollers are avoided in the circumferential direction. The rollers are distributed on the circumference with uneven pitch.

Such an arrangement is preferably suitable for roller bearings intended for motor vehicle transmissions, such as, for example, manual transmissions, automatic transmissions or dual-clutch transmissions for supporting shafts or gears with and without a defined radial load and torque. Preferably, the cage concept according to the invention is suitable for roller bearings, which are used in Losradanordnungen or Losradlagerungen.

In a further embodiment according to the invention, the cage according to the invention has roller holders in order to prevent the rolling bodies from falling out during their assembly and disassembly in the cage. In this way, the assembly of the rolling elements can be simplified, since no additional auxiliary tool for assembly is required.

Furthermore, the cage can have on both sides in the region of the side edges of guide rims, which are each designed externally cylindrical. The externally guided cage is guided in the installed state via guide surfaces of the guide rims on the outer Wälzlaufbahn the rolling elements of the roller bearing in a bore or an outer bearing ring. Such cages are suitable for roller bearings with slotted cages, in which high centrifugal forces expand the cage and press outward against the Wälzlaufbahn or generate high loads in the roll holders.

The cage according to the invention is preferably made of plastic. Plastic cages are characterized by a favorable combination of strength and elasticity. Due to the good sliding properties of plastic on lubricated steel surfaces, a low friction and accordingly a low heat development in the roller bearing. Alternatively, the cage according to the invention is made of steel, in particular of a sheet metal strip or other metallic materials. The cage is made for example by a non-cutting forming or punching from a sheet metal strip. The ends of the cut to the circumferential length of the finished cage and provided with punched receiving pockets sheet metal strip can be finally connected cohesively.

As an alternative to a circumferentially closed cage according to the invention this is also designed slotted. The axially or obliquely separating slot of the cage simplifies assembly. In particular, for roller bearings in Losradanordnungen slotted plastic cages are advantageous because they minimize the risk of corrugation and consequently increase the life of the transmission by causing a rotating walking of the loaded roller bearing about the axis of rotation. Together with the irregular distribution of the rollers according to the invention thus results in a roller bearing, with both the corrugation and disturbing noises can be avoided. Furthermore, it is advisable to provide an elastic connecting element between the ends of the slotted cage. In addition, the cage ends can be connected via a lock in the slot area. For this purpose, for example, an end provided with undercut (s) in which a form-fitting element of the other end is hooked. Such a solution prevents the cages after their production during handling and further processing interlock with each other and form so-called chains. In addition, exercises the dynamic spring action of Connecting elements in the operation of the bearings have a positive impact on the migration of the roller bearings in the load state of Losradlagern so that rippling can be avoided. In addition, can be prevented with such fasteners that slotted cages by centrifugal force too far in diameter.

Further features of the invention will become apparent from the following description of the drawings, in which embodiments of the invention are shown. It shows:

1 a portion of a cage shown unwound in the image plane, which is filled with rolling elements;

2 FIG. 3: a sectional view of the cage in a sectional plane 2-2, according to FIG 1 ;

3 a schematic representation of the cage filled with rolling elements in a front view;

4 Figure 5 shows a portion of a slotted cage unwound in the image plane with cage ends connected by a lock.

5 a section of a transmission device in longitudinal section along a rotation axis of the transmission shafts

1 shows a cage 1 a roller bearing 13 in an imaginary flat developed form, with rolling elements designed as rollers or needles 2 is filled.

Rollers or needles are usually defined by the ratio of their axial length L to the radial diameter D (see 2 ). Needles are rollers in which the ratio is ≥ 2.5 and for rollers less than 2.5.

The cage 1 is, viewed in the plane, a ladder-like structure with two parallel side edges 5 and 6 , The margins 5 and 6 are by means of webs 4 connected with each other. This results in bags 3 designated window-like recesses, the axial to one end face 5a and to the other end 6a of the cage 1 in each case a section 5b of the page margin 5 or one section each 6b of the page margin 6 are limited. In the circumferential direction is between each bag 3 and the next bag 3 one footbridge each 4 educated. In the pockets are rolls 2 preferably with axial and radial play to the edges of the respective pocket 3 used and guided. The cage 1 is part of a pictured roller bearing, for example, in a with 5 illustrated transmission device 12 , De Stege 4 have different tangential dimensions y, y1, y2, y3, y _n, etc. of their web widths, where n is the total number of webs 4 stands.

Some of the bags 3 are of different width sections 5a and 5b the margins 5 . 6 in the cage 1 limited, whose different axial distances are marked with X1, X11 and X2. The distance X is in each case a distance between the axial ends 3a respectively. 3b the respective bag 3 and one of the front ends 5 respectively. 6 of the cage 1 , The axial ends 3a and 3b at least one of the pockets are axially offset from each other. In this case, for example, a distance X1, which is smaller than an axial distance X11, of one pocket is obtained 3 opposite the other bag 3 , It follows that the respective of the bags 3 with different distances X2 and X1 (see 2 ) or X11 and X21 to the front sides 5a and 6a is arranged.

In 3 is the roller bearing 12 shown simplified in a front view, in this figure, the circumference around the plane perpendicular to the image plane axis of rotation 16 irregular distribution of roles 2 and the bags 3 is apparent. As a result, differing pitch angle α between the rolling elements results from this on the circumference 2 , by which the respective width y, y1-y _{n of} the respective web 4 is defined. The cage, preferably made of an elastic material 1 can be provided with additional elements, for example, the handling of the cage 1 simplify or improve its leadership. The detail A in 3 framed inside and outside of the cage 1 attached roll holders 7 . 8th which is a falling out of the rolling elements 2 during assembly or disassembly of the cage 1 prevent. Another detail B framed the cage 1 with an outside guide board 9 over which the cage 1 when installed on the outer Wälzlaufbahn the rolling elements 2 the roller bearing can be supported or guided. It is every page margin 5 . 6 of the cage 1 a guide board 9 assigned.

The in 4 illustrated cage 17 has 17 at one point of its circumference an axially extending slot 10 on. The two circumferentially opposite ends of the cage 17 are over a cage lock 11 connected with each other. For the positive connection are two positive locking elements 11a . 11b provided, which are mounted circumferentially or tangentially positively in one another.

In the 5 illustrated transmission device 12 are two as transmission shafts 19 and 20 trained components by means of a roller bearing 14 to each other about a rotation axis 16 rotatably mounted. The first gear shaft 19 is integral with a gear 21 designed so that this also by means of the roller bearing 14 relative to the gear shaft 20 to the axis of rotation 16 rotatable on the gear shaft 20 is stored. Another as a gear 18 trained component sits as a loose wheel 18a on the gear shaft 20 and is with one or two roller bearings 15 around the axis of rotation 16 rotatable on the gear shaft 20 stored. A double-acting clutch 23 is rotationally stable with the gear shaft 20 connected and with this around the axis of rotation 16 rotatable. The gear shafts 19 and 20 are via one of the synchronizer clutches 23a the clutch 23 Repeat rotation with each other but together around the axis of rotation 16 rotatable to couple. About the second synchronizer clutch 23b the clutch 23 is the idler wheel 18a with the gear shaft 20 repeated rotationally fixed but about the axis of rotation 16 rotatable to couple. The roller bearings 14 and 15 are either like the roller bearing according to the invention 13 trained or can through one or two of these roller bearings 13 be exchanged, with the idler gear 18a either with a double row roller bearing 15 of the type according to the invention or by means of two axially juxtaposed roller bearings 13 is stored.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

 Cage

2

 rolling elements

3

 Bags

3a

 axial end

3b

 axial end

4

 web

5

 margin

5a

 front

5b

 section

6

 margin

6a

 front

6b

 section

7

 roll holder

8th

 roll holder

9

 management board

10

 slot

11

 cage Castle

11a

 Form-fitting element

12

 transmission device

13

 roller bearing

14

 roller bearing

15

 roller bearing

16

 axis of rotation

17

 Cage

18

 gear

18a

 Losrad

19

 gear shaft

20

 gear shaft

21

 gear

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 102012207067 A1 [0002]

Claims (9)

Roller bearings ( 13 . 14 . 15 ) with rollers ( 2 ) and with a cage ( 1 ), which circumferentially at least one row circumferentially about an axially oriented axis of rotation ( 16 ) distributed bags ( 3 ) and which between two mutually axially facing away from each other end faces ( 5a . 6a ) of the cage ( 1 ), wherein in the pockets ( 3 ) the roles ( 2 ) are arranged, while the pockets ( 3 ) axially in the same direction with the axis of rotation ( 16 ), and wherein each of the pockets ( 3 ) to the end faces ( 5a . 6a ) each axially through an axial section ( 5b . 6b ) one around the axis of rotation ( 16 ) circumferential margins ( 5 . 6 ), the roles ( 2 ) all have the same roll length (L), characterized in that at least one first pocket ( 3 ) at least in the direction of one of the end faces ( 5a . 6a ) to a second pocket ( 3 ) is aligned axially offset. Roller bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that the width (X1) of a first portion bounding the first pocket to the one end face ( 5b , b) the side edge ( 5 . 6 ) is smaller than the width (X11) of a second pocket ( 3 ) to the same face ( 5a . 6a ) limiting second section ( 5b . 6b ), wherein the widths (X1, X11) axial distances between an axial end ( 3a . 3b ) the pocket ( 3 ) and the respective end face ( 5a . 5b ) are. Roller bearing according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least one of the pockets ( 3 ) to the end faces ( 5a . 6a ) through sections ( 5b . 6b ) of the page margin ( 5 . 6 ) with different widths (X1, X2) are limited. Roller bearing according to 1 or 2, characterized in that the pockets ( 3 ) in circumferential directions about the axis of rotation ( 16 ) by webs ( 4 ) are limited, wherein the webs ( 4 ) through the margins ( 5 . 6 ), at least two of the webs ( 4 ) seen in the circumferential direction to each other different web widths (y). Roller bearing according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of the side edges ( 5 . 6 ) of the cage ( 3 ) outside a guide board ( 9 ), wherein the guide board ( 9 ) radially over the respective side edge ( 5 . 6 ) stands out. Roller bearing according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cage ( 3 ) is slotted. Roller bearing according to claim 6, characterized in that between the ends of the slotted cage ( 3 ) an elastic connecting element or a form-locking interlocking interlocking elements ( 11a . 11b ) formed cage lock ( 11 ) is provided. Transmission device ( 12 ) with at least one about an axis of rotation ( 16 ) rotatably mounted component, wherein the component by means of a roller bearing ( 13 . 14 . 15 ) around the axis of rotation ( 16 ) is rotatably mounted, characterized in that the component with at least one roller bearing ( 13 . 14 . 15 ) is mounted on the shaft, which with rollers ( 2 ) and with a cage ( 1 ), which circumferentially about an axially oriented axis of rotation ( 16 ) distributed bags ( 3 ) and which with two mutually axially facing away from each other end faces ( 5a . 6a ), wherein in the pockets ( 3 ) the roles ( 2 ) are arranged, while the pockets ( 3 ) axially in the same direction with the axis of rotation ( 16 ), and wherein each of the pockets ( 3 ) axially through an axial section ( 5b . 6b ) one around the axis of rotation ( 16 ) circumferential margins ( 5 . 6 ), the roles ( 2 ) all have the same roll length (L), and that at least one with at least one roll ( 2 ) filled first bag ( 3 ) at least in the direction of one of the end faces ( 5a . 6a ) to one with at least one other of the roles ( 2 ) filled second bag ( 3 ) is aligned axially offset. Transmission device ( 12 ) with at least one transmission shaft ( 19 . 20 ), with at least one gear ( 18 . 21 ), wherein the gear ( 18 . 21 ) by means of at least one roller bearing ( 13 . 14 . 15 ) around the axis of rotation ( 16 ) of the transmission shaft ( 19 . 20 ) rotatable on the gear shaft ( 19 . 20 ), characterized in that the gear ( 18 . 21 ) with at least one roller bearing ( 13 . 14 . 15 ) on the transmission shaft ( 19 . 20 ), which has rollers ( 2 ) and with a cage ( 1 ), which circumferentially about an axially oriented axis of rotation ( 16 ) distributed bags ( 3 ) and which with two mutually axially facing away from each other end faces ( 5a . 6a ), wherein in the pockets ( 3 ) Roll ( 2 ) are arranged, while the pockets ( 3 ) axially in the same direction with the axis of rotation ( 16 ), and wherein each of the pockets ( 3 ) axially through an axial section ( 5b . 6b ) one around the axis of rotation ( 16 ) circumferential margins ( 5 . 6 ), at least one with at least one roller ( 2 ) filled first bag ( 3 ) at least in the direction of one of the end faces ( 5a . 6a ) to one with at least one other of the roles ( 2 ) filled second bag ( 3 ) is aligned axially offset.

Images