DE102016213861A1 - Spherical roller bearings - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a spherical roller bearing (70) for supporting a heavy load (10), for example a tiltable crucible (12) or a steel converter (14), which has an inner ring (72) and an outer ring (74) arranged coaxially therebetween in two rows of rolling elements (86, 88) barrel-shaped rolling elements (84, 85) are arranged, and in which the rolling elements (84) of the first row of rolling elements (86) on a first inner ring raceway (76) and a first outer ring raceway (78) and the rolling elements ( 85) of the first row of rolling elements (88) roll on a second inner ring raceway (80) and a second outer ring raceway (82). In addition, it is provided in this spherical roller bearing (70) that the inner ring (72) has an inner ring bore (90) and the outer ring (74) has a cylindrical outer circumferential surface (120) that the inner ring bore (90) has an inner ring longitudinal axis (100) and the cylindrical outer circumferential surface (75) of the outer ring (74) has an outer ring longitudinal axis (102), and that the inner ring longitudinal axis (100) with respect to the outer ring longitudinal axis (102) is inclined by a skew angle (α). As a result, there is a significant reduction in the wear of the spherical roller bearing (70) when a heavy load (10) to be supported by the spherical roller bearing (70) also has a tilted or skewed journal (16, 18). In addition, the spherical roller bearing (70) can be advantageously used as a replacement bearing for heavy loads (10) with on both sides obliquely aligned bearing journals (16, 18).

Description

The invention relates to a spherical roller bearing for supporting a heavy load, such as a tiltable crucible or a steel converter, which has an inner ring and a coaxially arranged outer ring between which barrel-shaped rolling elements are arranged in two rows of rolling elements, and wherein the rolling elements of the first row of rolling elements on a roll the first inner ring raceway and a first outer ring raceway and the rolling elements of the first row of rolling elements on a second inner ring raceway and a second outer ring raceway.

Very heavy crucibles or steel converters are known from the prior art, which have two opposing projecting trunnions, by means of which the crucible or steel converter is mounted on a support frame so as to be pivotable or tiltable via rolling bearings. Such crucibles or steel converters are used, for example, in the production of steel from molten pig iron. For reasons of cost efficiency, efforts are being made to produce as large as possible batches of up to 1000 t. Consequently, such a bearing has to withstand extremely high mechanical and thermal requirements permanently. In addition, the high mass of the steel converter in combination with the temperature load can lead to a temporary or permanent geometry change on parts of the crucible or steel converter, in particular to a misalignment of the trunnions, whereby the mechanical load of the rolling bearings can increase considerably.

The AT 27 48 70 B relates to a bearing construction for tilting crucible or steel converter with two opposite trunnions, each mounted in a spherical roller bearing. The one spherical roller bearing is axially immovable as a fixed bearing and the other spherical roller bearing is axially displaceable designed as a floating bearing. At least one of the trunnions is connected to a drive to allow tilting to empty the crucible or converter. The inner ring of the spherical roller bearing designed as a floating bearing is fixedly arranged on the support pin by means of a conical clamping sleeve. The outer ring of the realized as a floating bearing spherical roller bearing is mounted in a sliding sleeve, which is axially displaceable relative to the housing enclosing the entire camp. An additional compensation of the strong wear-enhancing influence of skewed trunnions is, apart from here find use spherical roller bearings, not provided. Although by means of the aforementioned conical clamping sleeve compensation of a misalignment of a journal with respect to the pivot axis of the crucible or converter is possible, so this clamping sleeve is yet another component, which increases the manufacturing and assembly costs of such a bearing structure adversely.

The invention is therefore based on the object to present a reliable, durable and cost-producible and mountable spherical roller bearings for supporting a heavy load, such as a tilting pot, a steel converter or the like, which has inclined journal.

This object is achieved by a spherical roller bearing with the features of claim 1. The dependent claims indicate advantageous developments. In addition, an advantageous use of such a spherical roller bearing is claimed.

Accordingly, the invention is based on a spherical roller bearing for supporting a heavy load, such as a tiltable crucible or a steel converter, which has an inner ring and a coaxially arranged outer ring between which barrel-shaped rolling elements are arranged in two rows of rolling elements, and wherein the rolling elements of the first Rolling element row rolling on a first inner ring raceway and a first outer ring raceway and the rolling elements of the first row of rolling elements on a second inner ring raceway and a second outer ring raceway.

To achieve the above object, it is provided that the inner ring has an inner ring bore and the outer ring has a cylindrical outer circumferential surface, that the inner ring bore has an inner ring longitudinal axis and the cylindrical outer surface of the outer ring Außenringlängslachse, and that the inner ring longitudinal axis is inclined with respect to the outer ring longitudinal axis by a skew angle ,

Due to the oblique inner ring bore, the disadvantageous influence of a tumbling movement of a skewed bearing journal of the heavy load on the wear of the spherical roller bearing is reduced with little effort. For example, the spherical roller bearing according to the invention can advantageously be used as a replacement bearing for existing crucible or steel converter with operating obliquely bent Schenkzapfen.

According to an advantageous development, it can be provided that the skew angle α of the inner ring bore has the same value as the angle β under which the respective bearing pin projects inclinedly away from the heavy load. As a result, the spherical roller bearing reaches a maximum service life with minimal wear.

It can further be provided that the axial width of the first inner ring raceway and the axial width of the second inner ring raceway become linearly wider, starting from a first minimum width or a second minimum width in the circumferential direction of the two inner ring raceways, up to a first maximum width or a second maximum width, respectively, and then further course to the first width minimum or the second width minimum linearly narrower.

Further, in this context, a development is advantageous in which it is provided that the first inner ring raceway and the second inner ring race are axially spaced from each other by a circular central web, wherein the two inner ring tracks with respect to their axial width and relative to the circumference of the inner ring relative to each other are formed so that the width minimum of the first inner ring raceway is formed where the maximum width of the second inner ring raceway is formed, and that the maximum width of the first inner ring raceway is formed where the width minimum of the second inner ring raceway is formed. As a result, an axially larger-scale guidance of the rolling elements is given in skewed or inclined journal, so that in particular their partial lateral slipping out of the spherical roller bearings is avoided.

Preferably, the outer ring is formed axially divided, so that it is assembled from a first semicircular part outer ring and a second semicircular part outer ring. As a result, a particularly simple assembly and disassembly of the spherical roller bearing is possible in case of failure. The two partial outer rings can be connected to each other by bolt connection. Alternatively, the outer ring can also be designed undivided.

For a better understanding of the invention, the description is accompanied by a drawing of an embodiment. In the drawing shows

1 a schematic side view of a heavy load with operationally skewed bearing pin and two conventional spherical roller bearings,

2 a partial cross section through a spherical roller bearing according to 1 with the representation of wear zones on the outer ring,

3 a cross-sectional view of a spherical roller bearing according to the invention, which carries a tilted journal, and

4 a radial plan view of the inner ring of the spherical roller bearing according to 3 with a first and a second inner ring raceway.

Accordingly, shows 1 a schematic side view of a heavy load 10 , here exemplarily as a tiltable crucible 12 or steel converter 14 is trained. The following is only of a steel converter 14 spoken. The steel converter 14 has two oppositely disposed trunnions 16 . 18 on. For storage of the steel converter 14 in an in 3 recognizable carrying framework 98 is on the two trunnions 16 . 18 one spherical roller bearing each 20 . 22 attached.

The steel converter 14 may for example have a mass of up to 1900 t. Due to its high mass paired with an operationally usually very high temperature, it may lead to the in 1 shown deformation of the journals 16 . 18 come. As a result, the longitudinal axes run 30 . 32 the two trunnions 16 . 18 each inclined at an angle β or tilted to a horizontal 26 which is perpendicular to the axis of symmetry 28 of the steel converter 14 stands. As a result of this operational inclination of the two journals 16 . 18 of the steel converter 14 it comes with a pivoting of the same to an eccentric rotational movement of the journals 16 . 18 , resulting in severe wear in the two spherical roller bearings 20 . 22 leads.

2 shows a schematic partial cross section through the in 1 on the left side known spherical roller bearings 20 in which wear zones 54 . 56 are marked. The spherical roller bearing 20 has an inner ring 42 and a coaxially surrounding outer ring 44 on, between those in two rows of rolling barrel-shaped Wälzköper 46 . 47 are arranged. Due to eccentric rotational movement of in 2 not shown bearing journal 16 lead the rolling elements 46 . 47 in bearing operation axial movements 48 . 50 transverse to a main load direction 52 from, which are indicated by the two double arrows. The main load direction 52 in this case runs essentially perpendicular to a longitudinal central axis 62 of the spherical roller bearing 20 , This results in each wear zones 54 . 56 in the area of the two outer ring raceways 58 . 60 of the spherical roller bearing 20 , which in the worst case to an early total failure of the entire spherical roller bearing 20 being able to lead. The inner ring 42 and the outer ring 44 this spherical roller bearing 20 are here exemplarily formed in one piece. For supplying lubricant to the spherical roller bearing 20 are three circumferentially offset each other by 120 ° in the outer ring 44 introduced cylindrical through-holes 64 available.

The 3 shows in a schematic cross-sectional representation of the bearing of a journal 16 a steel converter 14 in a spherical roller bearing according to the invention 70 , This spherical roller bearing 70 has an inner ring 72 and a coaxially disposed outer ring 74 on. Radial between these two bearing rings 72 . 74 are in two rows of rolling elements 86 . 88 barrel-shaped rolling elements 84 . 85 arranged. The rolling elements 84 the first row of rolling elements 86 roll on a first inner ring track 76 and a first outer ring raceway 78 down, and the rolling elements 85 the second row of rolling elements 88 roll on a second inner ring track 80 and a second outer raceway 82 from. The two inner ring raceways 76 . 80 as well as the two outer ring raceways 78 . 82 are each concave.

The inner ring 72 has an inner ring bore 90 on that the journal 16 of the steel converter 14 receives. This is the inner ring 72 to a tee 92 or a shoulder of the journal 16 deferred to this. The outer ring 74 of the spherical roller bearing 70 is here exemplarily axially undivided or formed in one piece, and it has three by 120 ° circumferentially offset from one another arranged through holes 94 , These through holes 94 serve to supply a lubricant in the spherical roller bearing 70 , Alternatively, the outer ring 74 be designed, for example, split axially, in particular the manufacture, assembly and disassembly of the spherical roller bearing 70 to facilitate in a maintenance case.

The outer ring 74 has a cylindrical outer circumferential surface 120 on. He is in the illustrated embodiment in a hollow cylindrical bore 96 a supporting framework 98 For tilting or swiveling mounting of the steel converter 14 added. At the shoring 98 it may, for example, be an eye of a fork leg of a pivoting or tilting device. According to the invention, a longitudinal center axis 100 the inner ring bore 90 in relation to the longitudinal central axis 102 of the outer ring 74 or from its cylindrical outer circumferential surface 120 aligned obliquely or inclined by a skew angle α. As a result, due to its inclination extremely wear-increasing effect of the cranking rotational or pivoting movements of the journal 16 considerably diminished.

The skew angle α of the inner ring bore 90 is between 1 ° and 5 °, including the range limits. This skew angle α is also approximately the same size as the angle β (see 1 ), which is the inclination of the journal 16 of the steel converter 14 equivalent. The skew angle α between the longitudinal central axis 100 the inner ring bore 90 and the longitudinal center axis 102 of the outer ring 74 refers here to the non-pivoted or not tilted state of the spherical roller bearing 70 according to 3 in which the inner ring 72 and the outer ring 74 at least partially complete axially flush.

4 shows a partial, schematic radial plan view of the inner ring 72 of the spherical roller bearing 70 according to 3 , The inner ring 72 As mentioned above has the first inner ring raceway 76 and the second inner raceway 80 , which are each concave. The longitudinal central axis 100 the inner ring bore 90 of the inner ring 72 runs under the skew angle α tilted or inclined to the longitudinal central axis 102 of the outer ring, not shown here 74 of the spherical roller bearing 70 ,

As 3 shows, have the two inner ring raceways 76 . 80 over the circumference of the inner ring 72 Seen no constant width, but this track width is dependent on the respective circumferential position on the track. This means that the width B1 of the first inner ring raceway 76 starting from a first width maximum B_max1 to a first width minimum B_min1 reduced linearly. Correspondingly, the width B2 of the second inner ring raceway is reduced 80 starting from a second width minimum B_max2 linearly up to a second width minimum B_min2. In addition, the inner ring raceways 76 . 80 with respect to their respective width profile circumferentially offset by 180 ° to each other, so that the first width minimum B_min1 formed with the second width maximum B_max2 and the first width maximum B_max1 with the second width minimum B_min2 circumferentially axially opposite.

The first inner ring raceway 76 and the second inner raceway 80 are arranged by an axially inside, circular center bar 114 separated from each other, which two axial, circular edges 110 . 112 having. These edges 110 . 112 limit the two inner ring raceways 76 . 80 axially inside.

Due to the special geometry of the two inner ring raceways 76 . 80 is the circumferential width B1, B2 of the inner raceways 76 . 80 also in the case of a considerable inclination of a bearing or pivot pin to be stored by means of the spherical roller bearing heavy load in the axial direction in each case so large that the rolling elements 84 . 85 unroll across the entire surface and not axially over a first or second end face 116 . 118 of the inner ring 72 protrude but at best flush with these.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

10

 Heavy load

12

 crucible

14

 steel converter

16

 First journal

18

 Second journal

20

 First spherical roller bearing (prior art)

22

 Second spherical roller bearing (prior art)

26

 horizontal

28

 Symmetry axis, vertical axis of the steel converter

30

Longitudinal axis of the first journal 16

32

Longitudinal axis of the first journal 18

42

Inner ring of the spherical roller bearing 20

44

Outer ring of the spherical roller bearing 20

46

Rolling elements of the first row of rolling elements of the spherical roller bearings 20 . 22

47

Rolling elements of the second row of rolling elements of the spherical roller bearings 20 . 22

48

Axial movement of the rolling elements 46

50

Axial movement of the rolling elements 47

52

 Main load direction

54

First wear zone on the outer ring of the spherical roller bearing 20

56

Second wear zone on the outer ring of the spherical roller bearing 20

58

 First outer ring raceway

60

 Second outer ring raceway

62

Longitudinal center axis of the spherical roller bearing 20

64

Through hole in the outer ring 44

70

 Spherical roller bearings

72

Inner ring of the spherical roller bearing 70

74

Outer ring of the spherical roller bearing 70

75

Cylindrical outer circumferential surface of the outer ring 74

76

First inner raceway of the spherical roller bearing 70

78

First outer ring raceway of the spherical roller bearing 70

80

Second inner raceway of the spherical roller bearing 70

82

Second outer ring raceway of the spherical roller bearing 70

84

Rolling elements of the first row of rolling elements 86

85

Rolling elements of the second row of rolling elements 88

86

 First row of rolling elements

88

 Second row of rolling elements

90

 Inner ring bore

92

 Paragraph on the journal

94

Through hole in the outer ring 74

96

 Bore, housing in the housing or support frame

98

 Housing, support frame

100

 Inner ring longitudinal axis

102

 Outer ring longitudinal axis

110

First edge of the central pier 114

112

Second edge of the central pier 114

114

Center bar on the inner ring 72

116

First end face of the inner ring 72

118

Second end face of the inner ring 72

120

Outer shell surface of the outer ring 74

α

 Inclined angle of the inner ring bore

β

Angle, inclination of the journals 16 . 18

B1

 Peripheral width first inner ring raceway

B2

 Peripheral width second inner ring raceway

B_min1

 First latitude minimum

B_max1

 First latitude maximum

B_min2

 Second latitude minimum

B_max2

 Second latitude maximum

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• AT 274870 B [0003]

Claims (7)

Spherical roller bearings ( 70 ) for storing a heavy load ( 10 ), for example a tiltable crucible ( 12 ) or a steel converter ( 14 ), which has an inner ring ( 72 ) and a coaxially arranged outer ring ( 74 ) between which in two rows of rolling elements ( 86 . 88 ) barrel-shaped rolling bodies ( 84 . 85 ) are arranged, and wherein the rolling elements ( 84 ) of the first row of rolling elements ( 86 ) on a first inner ring raceway ( 76 ) and a first outer ring raceway ( 78 ) and the rolling elements ( 85 ) of the first row of rolling elements ( 88 ) on a second inner ring raceway ( 80 ) and a second outer ring raceway ( 82 ), characterized in that the inner ring ( 72 ) an inner ring bore ( 90 ) and the outer ring ( 74 ) a cylindrical outer circumferential surface ( 120 ), that the inner ring bore ( 90 ) an inner ring longitudinal axis ( 100 ) and the cylindrical outer circumferential surface ( 75 ) of the outer ring ( 74 ) an outer ring longitudinal salmon ( 102 ), and that the inner ring longitudinal axis ( 100 ) in relation to the outer ring longitudinal axis ( 102 ) is obliquely aligned by a skew angle (α). Spherical roller bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that the skew angle (α) of the inner ring bore ( 90 ) has the same value as the angle (β) under which the respective journal ( 16 . 18 ) inclined to the heavy load ( 10 ) protrudes. Spherical roller bearing according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the axial width (B1) of the first inner ring raceway ( 76 ) and the axial width (B2) of the second inner ring raceway ( 80 ) in each case starting from a first width minimum (B_min1) or a second width minimum (B_min2) in the circumferential direction of the two inner ring raceways ( 76 . 80 ) to a first maximum width (Bmax1) or a second maximum width (B_max2) become linearly wider, and then become linearly narrower in the further course up to the first width minimum (B_min1) or the second width minimum (B_min2). Spherical roller bearing according to claim 3, characterized in that the two inner ring raceways ( 76 . 80 ) in terms of their axial width and on the circumference of the inner ring ( 72 ) are formed offset relative to each other such that the width minimum (B_min1) of the first inner ring raceway ( 76 ) is formed where the maximum width (B_max2) of the second inner ring raceway (B_max2) 80 ) is formed such that the maximum width (B_max1) of the first inner ring raceway (B_max1) 76 ) is formed where the width minimum (B_min2) of the second inner ring raceway ( 80 ) is trained. Spherical roller bearing according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the first inner ring raceway ( 76 ) and the second inner ring raceway ( 80 ) axially inwardly through a circular central web ( 114 ) are spaced from each other. Spherical roller bearing according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the outer ring ( 74 ) Axially divided is formed. Use of a spherical roller bearing ( 70 ) according to one of claims 1 to 6 as a replacement bearing on a tiltable crucible ( 12 ) or a steel converter ( 14 ).

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