DE102016203923A1 - battery system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a battery system (100) comprising n spatially separated sub-batteries (10, 20, 30), wherein n ≥ 2, wherein the sub-batteries (10, 20, 30) are connected in series or in parallel, wherein the battery system ( 100) by electromechanical switching elements (14, 16, 24, 34, 40) is electrically isolated from connection points ("+", "-") of the battery system (100), wherein the electromechanical switching elements (14, 16, 24, 34, 40 ) can be controlled by a battery control unit (13), the battery system (100) only in the supply lines (Z1 +, Z2-, Z1 +, Z3-, Z1 +, Z1-) of two poles (P1 +, P2-, P1 +, P3- P1 +, P1-) of the battery system (100) to the connection points ("+", "-") electromechanical switching elements (14, 16, 24, 34, 40), wherein in the supply lines of the other poles of the sub-batteries (10, 20, 30) mechanical disconnect switches (18, 23, 26, 33) are arranged.

Description

The invention relates to a battery system comprising n spatially separated sub-batteries.

From the DE 10 2009 020 178 A1 a system for storing electrical energy is known, which has a first energy store with a first control unit for controlling the operation and monitoring of the state of the first energy store and a second energy store with a second control unit for controlling and monitoring the second energy store. In this case, the system further comprises a higher-level control unit for controlling the operation and monitoring of the state of a total of energy stores, which comprises the first energy store and the second energy store. It is provided that the first control unit and the higher-level control unit are realized by means of a master control unit, which is assigned to the first energy storage. In this case, the second control unit is a slave control unit, wherein the poles of the energy storage are separable by electromechanical switches, which are controlled by the control units.

From the DE 10 2012 006 448 A1 is a high-voltage module with circuit breaker known, comprising a module housing, in which a manually operable disconnect switch is arranged in a socket of the module housing, which interrupts by removing from the socket at least one high-voltage line within the module housing of the high-voltage module. In this case, the circuit breaker is arranged in series with an electromechanical switch.

From the EP 2 018 994 A1 a battery system is known which has two sub-batteries which are connected via a disconnect switch. The circuit breaker is designed as a service plug.

The invention is based on the technical problem of providing a battery system with spatially separated sub-batteries, which can be realized with less circuit complexity.

The solution of the technical problem results from a battery system with the features of claim 1. Further advantageous embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims.

The battery system comprises n spatially separated sub-batteries, where n ≥ 2. In this case, the sub-battery can be connected in series or in parallel, wherein the battery system by electromechanical switching elements is galvanically separable from connection points of the battery system. The electromechanical switching elements are preferably relays. Furthermore, the battery system comprises a control unit, by means of which the electromechanical switching elements can be activated. This has the battery system only in the leads of two poles of the battery system to the connection points of electromechanical switching elements, wherein mechanical disconnectors are arranged in the leads of the other poles of the sub-batteries. The connection points represent the outer tap of the battery system. The electromechanical switching elements allow the battery system to be galvanically isolated from the connection points on all poles, whereby the internal separation within the battery system is effected by the mechanical disconnectors. As a result, only two electromechanical switching elements for switching off are needed, preferably still a third electromechanical switching element may be provided to limit the inrush current, in which case the third electromechanical switching element is connected in parallel with one of the two electromechanical switching elements. This already represents a considerable simplification over the DE 10 2009 020 178 A1 where the effect increases steadily with increasing n. Therefore, preferably also n ≥ 3.

Which poles or their supply lines are connected to the connection points, depends on the interconnection of the sub-batteries. If the sub-batteries are connected in parallel, the poles of a first sub-battery are connected to the connection points, so that the electromechanical switching elements are arranged in their leads to the connection points, wherein the second sub-battery is connected via mechanical disconnect switches to the poles of the first sub-battery. Accordingly, a third sub-battery would then be connected via disconnectors to the poles of the second sub-battery.

If, however, the sub-batteries are connected in series, then a first pole of the first sub-battery having a connection point and a second pole of the n-th sub-battery is connected to a further connection point, the first and second pole having different polarities. In contrast to the parallel connection, the electromechanical switching elements are therefore in different sub-batteries.

In a further embodiment, the battery system has exactly one battery control unit, which is arranged in the first sub-battery. In the case of a series connection, only one control line is then drawn from the first sub-battery to the n-th sub-battery to control the electromechanical switching element. This simplifies the Circuit complexity further, since only one battery control unit is needed.

In a further embodiment, a cover is arranged above the mechanical disconnectors. This prevents accidental touching of the live circuit breaker. Alternatively, these may also be suitably encapsulated in a separate housing. It can be provided that the cover is locked and can only be unlocked by a special tool or a key. But it can also be an easily removable or swing-cover. In this case, a cover can also be assigned to a plurality of disconnectors, so that, for example, only one cover per sub-battery exists.

In another embodiment, the mechanical circuit breaker is designed to be captive, thereby preventing parts from being lost during servicing to close the circuit breaker.

In a further embodiment, at least parts of the battery system are protected against contact by at least one cover, wherein the cover is designed such that it can only be opened when the mechanical disconnector is open. This increases safety during service work, since potentially live parts within the sub-batteries and / or between the sub-batteries are only accessible when the voltage is switched off.

In a further embodiment, the sub-batteries are arranged in separate housings, wherein the connection between the sub-batteries is realized by cable lugs with cables, i. it is dispensed with complex plugs or the like. In particular, when resorted to by covers that are accessible only when the disconnector is open, can be used without limiting the safety of this very simple and robust way of wiring.

In a further embodiment, a flange with at least one bolt is arranged on the housing of the respective sub-battery, on which the cable lug is inserted and screwed.

A preferred field of application of the invention is the use as a high-voltage battery in an electric, hybrid or fuel cell vehicle.

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to preferred embodiments. The figures show:

1 a schematic diagram of a battery system with two series-connected sub-batteries,

2 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of a battery system with three series-connected sub-batteries,

3 a schematic diagram of a battery system with two parallel-connected sub-batteries and

4 a schematic representation of a portion of the battery system with covers.

In the 1 is a battery system 100 shown, which is a first part of the battery 10 and a second sub-battery 20 has, which are interconnected in series. The two sub-batteries 10 . 20 each have a housing 11 . 21 on and are spatially separated from each other. For example, the first part of the battery 10 in the area of a trunk of a motor vehicle and the second sub-battery 20 arranged in a tunel of the motor vehicle. The first part battery 10 has an actual battery 12 , a battery control unit 13 , an electromechanical switching element 14 , a fuse 15 , another electromechanical switching element 16 , a resistor 17 , a mechanical disconnect switch 18 and a current sensor 19 on. The first part battery 10 has a connection HV with two connection points marked "+" and "-". The connection HV represents the outer tap, from which the battery system 100 For example, connected to an inverter. Next, the first part battery 10 a connection LV via which the battery control unit 13 receives its low-voltage supply voltage. But it is possible, this supply voltage internally in the sub-battery 10 available, so that then the LV connection can be omitted. Finally, the first part battery points 10 a port B1 on, each two connection points 1 . 2 has, wherein the two connection points 1 and the two connection points 2 are electrically connected to each other.

The second part battery 20 indicates the actual battery 22 , a mechanical disconnect switch 23 , an electromechanical circuit diagram 24 and a fuse 25 on. Next, the second part battery 20 a connection B2, which is analogous to the connection B1 of the first part of the battery 10 is constructed.

The positive pole P1 + is the first part battery 10 connected via a supply line Z1 + to the connection point "+" of the terminal HV. In the supply line Z1 + then lie the electromechanical switching element 14 , the fuse 15 and parallel to the electromechanical switching element 14 the rest electromechanical switching element 16 and the resistor 17 , About the further electromechanical switching element 16 with the series resistor 17 the inrush current can be limited or the voltage to be switched can be limited when switching off. The two electromechanical switching elements 14 . 16 be from the battery control unit 13 driven. The negative pole P1- of the first part-battery 10 is via a supply line Z1- with the connection point 2 connected from port B1. Via a supply line ZB12B21 is then the connection point 2 from B1 to the connection point 1 of B2, that is, the negative pole P1- is connected to the positive pole P2 + of the second sub-battery 20 over the mechanical separator 23 and the supply line Z2 + connected.

The negative pole P2- of the second sub-battery 20 is via a supply line Z2- with the connection point 2 connected by the terminal B2, wherein the electromechanical switching element 24 is arranged in the supply line Z2-. Via a supply line ZB11B22 is then the negative pole P2- the second part of the battery 20 with the connection point 1 connected from the terminal B1 and from there via a supply line ZB11HV- connected to the connection point "-" of the terminal HV.

At the connection points "+" and "-" of the connection HV are thus the positive pole P1 + of the first part of the battery 10 and the negative pole P2- of the second sub-battery 20 at. In this case, the electromechanical switching element 24 also from the battery control unit 13 controlled via a control line, not shown. Thus, the battery control unit 13 the battery system 100 disconnect all poles from the connection HV, with the internal voltage isolation via the mechanical disconnect switch 18 or 23 he follows. The advantage of this embodiment is that only three electromechanical switching elements 14 . 16 . 24 and a battery controller 13 needed.

The more sub-batteries are used, the greater the circuit-technical gain, which is briefly described below by means of an example with three sub-battery according to 2 will be explained in more detail. The battery system 100 includes three sub-batteries 10 . 20 . 30 , where the first part battery 10 as in 1 is constructed so that reference is made to the preceding embodiments. The difference in the second part battery 20 is that the electromechanical switching element 24 through a mechanical disconnect switch 26 was replaced. In this case, if necessary, the fuse 25 be saved.

The third part battery has a housing 31 , the actual battery 32 , a mechanical disconnect switch 33 , an electromechanical switching element 34 and a fuse 35 on, wherein the electromechanical switching element 34 from the battery control unit 13 is controlled. In this case, the negative pole P3- the third part of the battery 30 via a supply line Z3- to a connection B3 at its connection point 2 guided and from there to the connection point 1 of connection B1 by means of a supply line ZB11B32. The other supply lines ZB12B21 become the negative pole P1- of the first part battery 10 with the positive pole P2 + of the second part battery 20 connected. Accordingly, the supply line ZB22B31 connects the negative pole P2- the second part of the battery 20 with the positive pole P3 + of the third part battery 30 , The designation of the internal supply lines is analog 1 ,

As in the embodiment according to 1 Again, only three electromechanical switching elements 14 . 16 . 34 and a battery controller 13 needed. The further internal separations are made via the mechanical disconnectors 18 . 13 . 26 and 33 ,

In the 3 is now simplified the battery system 100 shown, wherein a first part of the battery 10 and a second sub-battery 20 are connected in parallel. The difference from the embodiment according to 1 in that the negative pole P1- of the first part battery 10 is led to the connection point "-" of the terminal HV, wherein instead of the mechanical disconnector 18 an electromechanical switching element 40 is provided. All three electromechanical switching elements 14 . 16 . 40 be via the battery control unit 13 controlled, so the battery system 100 again all poles can be electrically disconnected from the connection HV. The second part battery 20 has two mechanical disconnect switches 23 . 26 on, by means of which the internal supply lines of the battery system 100 can be separated. The designations are chosen analogously to the previous explanations.

Again, only three electromechanical switching elements 14 . 16 . 40 and a battery controller 13 needed, with all the elements in the first sub-battery 10 are arranged.

In the 4 is a schematic partial view of a sub-battery 10 . 20 . 30 shown, the at least one mechanical disconnector 18 . 23 . 26 . 33 having. It is in the case 11 . 21 . 31 a cover 41 arranged above the circuit breaker 18 . 23 . 26 . 33 is arranged and can be pivoted, for example, so that the circuit breaker 18 . 23 . 26 . 33 is accessible from the outside and, for example, from a closed position to an open position as shown can be moved. For example, the circuit breaker 18 . 23 . 26 . 33 a rotary switch. The housing 11 . 21 . 31 has a breakthrough 42 on. In the breakthrough 42 is a connecting element 43 with at least one flange 44 arranged, by means of which the connecting element 43 on the housing 11 . 21 . 31 can be attached. The connecting element 43 has at least one bolt 48 on top of which a cable lug 45 with a cable 46 can be plugged and screwed with a nut, not shown. Over the bolt 48 with the cable 46 is another cover 47 arranged as contact protection. The further coverage 47 can be designed to be removable or swiveling. Preferably, the cover 47 designed such that these in a closed circuit breaker 18 . 23 . 26 . 33 locked or inaccessible. Only by opening the circuit breaker 18 . 23 . 26 . 33 will the cover 47 unlocked or accessible and can be opened. This will prevent someone from using the bolt 48 or cable lug 45 can come into contact as long as the circuit breaker 18 . 23 . 26 . 33 is still closed and therefore still energetic. In this case, the coupling between disconnector 18 . 23 . 26 . 33 and cover 47 be formed differently. In addition to a forced coupling, a separate unlocking switch can be provided, which only when the disconnector is open 18 . 23 . 26 . 33 is accessible. It should also be noted that in sub-batteries with several separation elements (see also sub-battery 20 in 2 ) These can be opened and closed together. It should also be noted that the connecting element 43 may also have a bolt for the internal wiring of the sub-battery. Furthermore, two electrically separate from each other bolts 48 be provided to produce the two connections to the terminals B1, B2, B3.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 102009020178 A1 [0002, 0007]
• DE 102012006448 A1 [0003]
• EP 2018994 A1 [0004]

Claims (9)

Battery system ( 100 ), comprising n spatially separated sub-batteries ( 10 . 20 . 30 ), where n ≥ 2, the sub-batteries ( 10 . 20 . 30 ) are connected in series or in parallel, the battery system ( 100 ) by electromechanical switching elements ( 14 . 16 . 24 . 34 . 40 ) galvanically from connection points ("+", "-") of the battery system ( 100 ) is separable, wherein the electromechanical switching elements ( 14 . 16 . 24 . 34 . 40 ) by a battery control unit ( 13 ) are controllable, characterized in that the battery system ( 100 ) only in the supply lines (Z1 +, Z2-, Z1 +, Z3-, Z1 +, Z1-) of two poles (P1 +, P2-, P1 +, P3-, P1 +, P1-) of the battery system ( 100 ) to the connection points ("+", "-") electromechanical switching elements ( 14 . 16 . 24 . 34 . 40 ), wherein in the leads of the other poles of the sub-batteries ( 10 . 20 . 30 ) mechanical disconnect switches ( 18 . 23 . 26 . 33 ) are arranged. Battery system according to claim 1, characterized in that the sub-batteries ( 10 . 20 ) are connected in parallel, wherein the poles (P1 +, P2 +) of a first sub-battery ( 10 ) via the electromechanical switching elements ( 14 . 16 . 40 ) are connected to the terminals ("+", "-"), the second sub-battery ( 20 ) via mechanical disconnectors ( 23 . 26 ) with the poles (P1 +, P1-) of the first sub-battery ( 10 ) connected is. Battery system according to claim 1, characterized in that the sub-batteries ( 10 . 20 . 30 ) are connected in series, wherein a first pole (P1 +) of the first sub-battery ( 10 ) with one connection point ("+") and a second pole (P2-, P3-) of the nth sub-battery ( 20 . 30 ) is connected to the further connection point ("-"), wherein the first pole (P1 +) and the second pole (P2-, P3-) have different polarity. Battery system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the battery system ( 100 ) exactly one battery control unit ( 13 ), which in the first sub-battery ( 10 ) is arranged. Battery system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that above the mechanical disconnectors ( 18 . 23 . 26 . 33 ) at least one cover ( 41 ) is arranged. Battery system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mechanical disconnectors ( 18 . 23 . 26 . 33 ) are formed captive. Battery system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least parts of the battery system ( 100 ) by at least one cover ( 47 ) are protected from contact, the cover ( 47 ) is designed such that this only when the mechanical disconnector ( 18 . 23 . 26 . 33 ) can be opened. Battery system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sub-batteries ( 10 . 20 . 30 ) in separate housings ( 11 . 21 . 31 ), the connection between the sub-batteries ( 10 . 20 . 30 ) by cable lugs ( 45 ) with cables ( 46 ) is realized. Battery system according to claim 8, characterized in that in each case on the housings ( 11 . 21 . 31 ) a flange with at least one bolt ( 48 ) is arranged, on which the cable lug ( 45 ) is plugged and screwed.

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