DE102016202336A1 - Additional heat storage and heat pump cycle - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an additional heat accumulator and a heat pump cycle with such a supplementary heat accumulator, wherein the additional heat accumulator has a storage section and a connection, wherein the storage section comprises a storage medium having a predefined heat capacity, wherein the connection is formed to fix the storage section to the connecting line and heat between the memory section and the connecting line to transfer.

Description

The invention relates to an additional heat store according to claim 1 and 3 and a heat pump cycle according to claim 9.

It is known a heat pump cycle with a compressor, an evaporator, a condenser and a throttle. The throttle is arranged between the evaporator and the condenser, wherein the throttle is arranged upstream of the evaporator. The compressor is located downstream of the evaporator and connected to both the evaporator and the condenser. The compressor is designed to convey a heat transfer medium from the evaporator to the condenser. This embodiment is often used for heating a building, wherein the evaporator outside the building and the condenser is arranged inside the building. This embodiment is also generally referred to as split heat pump. In adverse weather conditions, especially in humid air in conjunction with low temperature, the evaporator can freeze on the primary side. In order to solve the icing, the heat pump cycle is operated in the opposite direction, thereby removing heat from the building.

It is an object of the invention to provide an additional heat accumulator and an improved heat pump cycle.

This object is achieved by means of an additional heat accumulator according to claim 1 and 3 and a heat pump cycle according to claim 9. Advantageous embodiments are given in the dependent claims.

According to the invention, it has been recognized that an additional heat store can be provided by the additional heat store having a storage section and a connection, the storage section having a storage medium with a predefined heat capacity. The connection is designed to mechanically fix the storage section to the connection line and to couple it thermally to the connection line.

This embodiment has the advantage that in an operating state of the heat pump cycle, in which the heat pump cycle is operated contrary to its predominant direction (defrosting), additional heat for defrosting the evaporator can be provided by the additional heat storage and thus a heat extracted from the buildings are reduced can.

In a further embodiment, the compound is non-destructively detachable or non-detachable. Additionally or alternatively, the connection is formed positively. Additionally or alternatively, the connection is designed as a plug connection and / or as a clip connection and / or as a Velcro connection. Additionally or alternatively, the connection is formed cohesively.

According to the invention, it has also been recognized that the additional heat store for the heat pump cycle has a storage section and a line section, the storage section having a storage medium with a predefined heat capacity, wherein the line section is thermally connected to the storage section, wherein the line section is formed, a heat transfer medium at least in sections to lead.

In a further embodiment, the storage medium comprises at least one of the following materials: water, metal, salt, sodium chloride, sodium acetate trihydrate, polymer, paraffin, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate hexahydrate, alcohol, glycol, gel, wax, cast material, foam material, antifreeze, elastic material , Winding material, wherein the storage medium is configured such that the storage medium in a temperature range between -5 ° and 20 ° C, a phase change between two states of aggregation, preferably between a solid state and a liquid aggregate state.

In a further embodiment, the storage section has a storage container, wherein the storage medium is arranged in the storage container.

In a further embodiment, the storage section has an annular cross section.

In a further embodiment, the memory section has a memory matrix, wherein the memory matrix is designed to receive the storage medium preferably in a liquid state of aggregation, wherein the memory matrix preferably has at least sections a sponge structure and / or a grid structure and / or a network structure.

The storage matrix can preferably be arranged in a soil, so that the storage matrix automatically fills with the storage medium present in the soil, preferably water, so that a filling of the storage matrix takes place automatically. An artificial filling of the memory matrix is conceivable, for example.

In another embodiment, a thermal insulation is provided, wherein the thermal insulation between the storage medium and an environment of the storage medium is arranged.

In a further embodiment, the heat pump cycle to a compressor, a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger, a throttle and the additional heat storage described above, wherein the throttle is fluidly connected to a first connecting line to the second heat exchanger and a second connecting line to the first heat exchanger wherein the compressor is fluidly connected to the first heat exchanger by means of a third connection line and to the second heat exchanger by means of a fourth connection line. The compressor is designed to convey a heat transfer medium between the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger, wherein the additional heat storage between the throttle and the second heat exchanger is arranged and wherein the storage medium is thermally coupled to the heat transfer medium.

This embodiment has the advantage that heat is stored by the additional heat storage in the storage medium in a regular predominantly present operating state of the heat pump cycle. The heat can be given in defrosting to the heat transfer medium, so that heat extraction from the building is avoided by the heat pump cycle.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to figures. Showing:

1 a schematic representation of a heat pump cycle in a first operating condition;

2 a schematic representation of a heat pump cycle in a second operating condition;

3 a schematic representation of an additional heat accumulator according to a first embodiment;

4 a schematic representation of an additional heat accumulator according to a second embodiment;

5 a schematic representation of an additional heat accumulator according to a third embodiment; and

6 a schematic representation of an additional heat accumulator according to a third embodiment.

1 shows a schematic representation of a heat pump cycle 10 in a first operating state. The first operating state is an example of the operating state in which the heat pump cycle 10 predominantly, in particular more than 80 percent. The heat pump cycle 10 has a compressor 15 , a first heat exchanger 20 , a second heat exchanger 25 , a throttle 30 and a supplementary heat storage 35 on.

The throttle 30 is by means of a first connection line 40 , in the first operating state upstream of the throttle 30 , with a first connection 45 of the second heat exchanger 25 in the first operating state of an output side of the second heat exchanger 25 corresponds, fluidly connected. With a second connection line 50 is the throttle 30 downstream with a first connection 55 of the first heat exchanger 20 in the first operating state of an input side of the first heat exchanger 20 corresponds, fluidly connected.

A second connection 60 of the first heat exchanger 20 in the first operating state of an output side of the first heat exchanger 20 matches, is with the compressor 15 by means of a third connecting line 65 connected. The compressor 15 is with a second connection 70 of the second heat exchanger 25 in the first operating state of an input side of the second heat exchanger 25 corresponds, by means of a fourth connection line 75 fluidly connected. The additional heat storage 35 is between the throttle 30 and the second heat exchanger 25 arranged.

The heat pump cycle 10 is with a first heat transfer medium 80 filled. The first heat transfer medium 80 may be propane, for example.

In the embodiment, the heat pump cycle is exemplary 10 designed as a split heat pump, that is, that the first heat exchanger 20 outside a building 81 is arranged and the second heat exchanger 25 inside the building 81 is arranged. Of course, other arrangements of the first and second heat exchanger are 20 . 25 conceivable.

In the embodiment, the primary side of the first heat exchanger 20 as second heat transfer medium 82 Air used. Of course, it is also conceivable that the first heat exchanger 20 primary side with a circuit, such as a brine circuit and / or another second heat transfer medium 82 , is coupled.

The second heat exchanger 25 is thermally secondary with a heat sink 85 connected. (Sentence? →) The heat sink 85 For example, a heating circuit 85 and / or a (what?) or a hot water tank for service water is connected ("be" instead of "connected"?).

In the first operating state of the compressor promotes 15 the first heat transfer medium 80 in preferably gaseous state via the fourth connecting line 75 to the second port 70 of the second heat exchanger 25 , In the first operating state, the second heat exchanger functions 25 as a liquefier. This heat from the first heat transfer medium 80 to the heat sink 85 delivered and, for example, a third heat transfer medium 90 for the heat sink 85 heated. In this case, a temperature of the first heat transfer medium 80 reduced and the first heat transfer medium 80 transferred from the gaseous state of aggregation in a liquid state of aggregation. The liquefied first heat transfer medium 80 is about the first connection 45 of the second heat exchanger 25 over the first connection line 40 towards the throttle 30 guided. The first heat transfer medium 80 will be between the first port 45 of the second heat exchanger 25 and the throttle 30 through the additional heat storage 35 further cooled, with the first heat transfer medium 80 Dissipated heat through the additional heat storage 35 is stored.

Downstream of the throttle 30 is a pressure of the first heat transfer medium 80 reduced. This is the first heat transfer medium 80 from the throttle 30 over the second connection line 50 to the first port 55 of the first heat exchanger 20 guided.

In the first operating state, the first heat exchanger functions 20 as an evaporator. It takes the first heat exchanger 20 Heat from the second heat transfer medium 82 , For example, the air, and transmits them to the first heat transfer medium 80 , The heat is the first heat transfer medium 80 heated and evaporated. The vaporized first heat transfer medium 80 flows over the second port 60 of the first heat exchanger 20 and over the third connection line 65 to an input side of the compressor 15 so that the heat pump cycle 10 is closed in the first operating state.

In unfavorable weather conditions, especially at high humidity in conjunction with low temperature of the second heat transfer medium 82 with simultaneous high power requirement of the heat pump cycle 10 Primary side icing of the first heat exchanger 20 occur. The icing reduces the efficiency of the first heat exchanger 20 and a heat output of the heat pump cycle 10 for heating the heating circuit 85 , To the icing of the first heat exchanger 20 On the primary side, the heat pump cycle briefly becomes 10 operated in reverse in a second operating state.

2 shows a schematic representation of the heat pump cycle 10 in the second operating state. In the second operating state, the conveying direction of the compressor 15 opposite to the 1 vice versa. In the second operating state of the compressor promotes 15 the first heat transfer medium 80 from the second heat exchanger 25 over the fourth connection line 75 and the third connection line 65 towards the first heat exchanger 20 , The first heat exchanger 20 works in the second operating state as a condenser. This gives the first heat exchanger 20 in the second operating state, heat from the first heat transfer medium 80 so that icing occurs on the primary side of the first heat exchanger 20 solves. This is the first heat transfer medium 80 in the first heat exchanger 20 liquefies and flows over the second connecting line 50 to the throttle 30 , After passing through the throttle 30 the first heat transfer medium flows 80 through the first connection line 40 , This heat from the additional heat storage 35 on the first heat transfer medium 80 transferred, so that the first heat transfer medium 80 downstream of the additional heat storage 35 heated, optionally already present evaporated. The first heat transfer medium 80 is through the second heat exchanger 25 directed. Through the already preheated first heat transfer medium 80 takes the first heat transfer medium 80 from the heat sink 85 only slightly heat and is optionally in the second heat exchanger 25 evaporated. The first heat transfer medium 80 is the output side of the second heat exchanger 25 over the fourth connection line 75 to the compressor 15 guided.

By the above-described embodiment of the heat pump cycle 10 , in particular the additional heat storage 35 , ensures that in the heating operation of the building 81 the additional heat storage 35 Heat from the first heat transfer medium 80 , which has, for example, a temperature of 20 ° C to 60 ° C, absorbs and stores. In the second operating state, the temperature of the first heat transfer medium decreases 80 for example, to below 0 ° C, so that the additional heat storage 35 its stored heat to the first heat transfer medium 80 emits and thus the first heat transfer medium 80 only little or no heat from the heat sink 85 extracts.

3 shows a cross section through the additional heat storage 35 of in 1 shown Heat pump cycle 10 , The additional heat storage 35 has a memory section 100 and a connection 105 on. The storage section 100 has a storage medium 110 on. The storage medium 110 has a predefined heat capacity. The predefined heat capacity is significantly greater, preferably at least twice as large, as a heat capacity of the first connecting line 40 , The connection 105 thermally couples the storage section 100 with the first connection line 40 and over the first connection line 40 with the first heat transfer medium 80 , Further fixes the connection 105 the memory section 100 at the first connection line 40 mechanically.

The connection 105 can be designed, for example, positive fit and / or cohesive. Of particular advantage is when the connection 105 designed to be non-destructively releasable to the maintenance of additional heat storage 35 easy to disassemble, without losing both the additional heat storage 35 as well as the first connection line 40 to damage. Also, the connection can be 105 be formed insoluble. Of particular advantage is when the connection 105 is designed as a plug connection and / or clip connection and / or Velcro connection.

In the embodiment, the memory section exemplifies 100 a memory matrix 115 on. The memory matrix 115 serves to the storage medium 110 , preferably in the liquid state, in the storage section 100 to keep. The memory matrix 115 For this purpose, advantageously at least in sections, a sponge structure and / or a grid structure and / or a network structure. In particular, the memory matrix 115 be formed hydrophilic. The memory matrix 115 For example, steel wool, an open-pore material, in particular an open-pore foam, in particular of plastic or ceramic, have.

Of particular advantage here is, for example, the additional heat storage 35 Outside of the building 81 in a soil 120 is arranged. The memory matrix 115 takes after mounting the additional heat storage 35 as a storage medium 110 Moisture from the soil 120 on, so the memory matrix 115 after mounting yourself with the storage medium 110 fills, causing the additional heat storage 35 at delivery and installation is particularly easy and no further steps are necessary to the additional heat storage 35 with the storage medium 110 to fill in a separate assembly step artificially. Due to the structural design of the memory matrix 115 can be the predefined heat capacity of the additional heat storage 35 be specified exactly.

4 shows a cross section through an additional heat storage 35 according to a second embodiment. The additional heat storage 35 is similar to the one in 1 to 3 shown additional heat storage 35 educated. The storage section 100 is produced in the embodiment by means of a casting process or by means of a foam process. In this case, the additional heat storage 35 be made as a retrofit part by, for the first connection line 40 when producing the additional heat storage 35 a core is provided. Also, the first connection line 40 during the casting process or the foaming process directly into the casting material or foam material to form the storage section 100 be embedded.

In the embodiment, the memory section exemplifies 100 an annular cross section. Of course, it is also conceivable that the memory section 100 has a different geometric configuration in cross section. It is also conceivable that, based on the first connection line 40 , the storage section 100 instead of in the 3 and 4 shown concentric arrangement eccentric to the first connection line 40 is arranged.

In addition, points in 4 the additional heat storage 35 a thermal insulation 205 on. The thermal insulation 205 covers an outer peripheral surface 200 of the memory section 100 at least partially, preferably completely. Through the thermal insulation 205 is a cooling of the storage medium 110 with deactivated heat pump cycle 10 avoided. The thermal insulation 205 can be fluidic sealing or fluidic.

5 shows a cross section through an additional heat storage 35 according to a third embodiment. The additional heat storage 35 is similar to the one in the 1 to 4 shown additional heat storage 35 educated. Deviating from this, the memory section 100 a storage tank 300 on. The storage tank 300 is exemplified in the embodiment as a concentrically arranged tube to the first connection line 40 educated. In this case, by way of example, the storage container 300 a larger diameter than the first connecting line 40 ,

The storage tank 300 limits a storage volume 305 , The storage volume 305 is radially inwardly by an outer peripheral surface 310 the first connection line 40 limited. Further, further example extending boundary surfaces may be provided to the storage volume 305 to limit. In the storage volume 305 is the storage medium 110 arranged. The storage medium 110 may, for example, have one of the following materials: water, salt, sodium chloride, sodium acetate trihydrate, polymer, paraffin, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate hexahydrate. Alcohol, glycol, gel, wax. Additionally or alternatively, the storage medium 110 be configured such that the storage medium 110 in a temperature range between -5 ° and 20 ° C, a phase change between two states of aggregation, preferably between a liquid state and a solid aggregate state. Also, in the storage container 300 the memory matrix 115 be arranged.

In the embodiment, the storage container 300 radially inside exemplified by the first connection line 40 limited. Of course, it is also conceivable that radially inside the storage volume 305 through an additionally provided wall 315 (dashed in 5 shown) is limited. This allows the storage volume 305 independent of the first connection line 40 be limited, so that the additional heat storage 35 ready mounted as retrofit and possibly with the storage medium 110 filled at the first connection line 40 can be retrofitted.

6 shows a longitudinal section through an additional heat storage 35 according to a fourth embodiment. The additional heat storage 35 is similar to the one in the 1 to 5 shown additional heat storage 35 educated. The additional heat storage 35 points in addition to the memory section 100 a line section 400 on. The pipe section 400 has a first connection 405 and a second connection 410 on. The first connection 405 is offset in the direction of flow to the second port 410 arranged. The first connection 405 provides a fluid-tight connection of the additional heat storage 35 to a first section 415 the first connection line 40 ready. The second connection 410 provides a fluid-tight connection to a second section 420 the first connection line 40 ready. Between the first section 415 and the second section 420 the first connection line 40 becomes the first heat transfer medium 80 over the line section 400 guided. Outside of the line section 400 is the memory section 100 intended. The pipe section 400 is with the memory section 100 thermally over the connection 105 connected. The pipe section 400 has a material that is thermally conductive, so as to heat exchange between the storage section 100 and through the conduit section 400 guided first heat transfer medium 80 provide. The pipe section 400 takes over a heat exchanger function. In the embodiment, the memory section is exemplified 100 made of an elastic material, preferably a wrapping material, wherein the storage portion 100 in the circumferential direction around the line section 400 is wound. Of course, it is also conceivable that the memory section 100 like in the 3 to 5 is formed described. It is also conceivable that at one to the environment 425 facing side of the storage section 100 the thermal insulation 205 is provided.

It should be noted that in the embodiment, only a single additional heat storage 35 is provided. Of course, it is also conceivable that a plurality of sequentially with respect to the flow direction of the first heat transfer medium 80 , Additional heat storage 35 are arranged serially one behind the other. Of course, it is also conceivable that several additional heat storage 35 are connected in parallel, in which case additionally before and after the additional heat storage 35 each branching for connection to the first connection line 40 necessary.

Furthermore, the additional heat storage described above 35 the advantage that the additional heat storage 35 can be easily retrofitted and thus existing heat pump circuits 10 easy to apply.

It should be noted that in the 1 to 6 shown features can of course be different from each other as shown combined or replaced by other materials or components or combined

Claims (9)

Additional heat storage ( 35 ) for a connection line ( 40 ) of a heat pump cycle ( 10 ), - comprising a memory section ( 100 ) and a connection ( 105 ), - wherein the memory section ( 100 ) a storage medium ( 110 ) having a predefined heat capacity, - where the compound ( 105 ) is formed, the memory section ( 100 ) on the connecting line ( 40 ) mechanically and thermally with the connecting line ( 40 ) to couple. Additional heat storage ( 35 ) according to claim 1, - wherein the compound ( 105 ) is non-destructively detachable or insoluble, - and / or - wherein the compound ( 105 ) is formed positively, - and / or - wherein the compound ( 105 ) is designed as a plug connection and / or clip connection and / or Velcro connection, - and / or - wherein the connection ( 105 ) cohesively, in particular as an adhesive bond, is formed. Additional heat storage ( 35 ) for a heat pump cycle ( 10 ), - comprising a memory section ( 100 ) and a line section ( 400 ), - wherein the memory section ( 100 ) a storage medium ( 110 ) having a predefined heat capacity, - the line section ( 400 ) with the memory section ( 100 ) is thermally connected, - wherein the line section ( 400 ), a heat transfer medium ( 80 ) at least in sections. Additional heat storage ( 35 ) according to one of the preceding claims, - wherein the storage medium ( 110 ) comprises at least one of the following materials: water, metal, salt, sodium chloride, sodium acetate trihydrate, polymer, paraffin, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate hexahydrate. - alcohol, - glycol, - the storage medium ( 110 ) is configured such that the storage medium ( 110 ) in a temperature range between -5 ° and 20 ° C has a phase change between two states of aggregation, - gel, - wax, - casting material, - foam material, - antifreeze, - elastic material, - wrapping material. Additional heat storage ( 35 ) according to one of the preceding claims, - wherein the memory section ( 100 ) a storage container ( 300 ), wherein - in the storage container ( 300 ) the storage medium ( 110 ) is arranged. Additional heat storage ( 35 ) according to one of the preceding claims, - wherein the memory section ( 100 ) has an annular cross-section. Additional heat storage ( 35 ) according to one of the preceding claims, - wherein the memory section ( 100 ) a memory matrix ( 115 ), wherein the memory matrix ( 115 ) is formed, the storage medium ( 110 ), preferably in at least the liquid state of aggregation, - in which preferably the storage matrix ( 115 ) has a sponge structure and / or a grid structure and / or a network structure at least in sections. Additional heat storage ( 35 ) according to one of the preceding claims, - comprising a thermal insulation ( 205 ), - where the thermal insulation ( 205 ) between the storage medium ( 110 ) and an environment ( 425 ) of the storage medium ( 110 ) is arranged. Heat pump cycle ( 10 ), - comprising a compressor ( 15 ), a first heat exchanger ( 20 ), a second heat exchanger ( 25 ), a throttle ( 30 ) and an additional heat store ( 35 ) according to one of claims 1 to 8, - wherein the throttle ( 30 ) with a first connecting line ( 40 ) with the second heat exchanger ( 25 ) and with a second connecting line ( 50 ) with the first heat exchanger ( 20 ) is fluidically connected, - wherein the compressor ( 15 ) by means of a third connecting line ( 65 ) with the first heat exchanger ( 20 ) and by means of a fourth connecting line ( 75 ) with the second heat exchanger ( 25 ) is fluidically connected, - wherein the compressor ( 15 ), a heat transfer medium ( 80 ) between the first heat exchanger ( 20 ) and the second heat exchanger ( 25 ), - the additional heat store ( 35 ) between the throttle ( 30 ) and the second heat exchanger ( 25 ), the storage medium ( 110 ) thermally with the heat transfer medium ( 80 ) is coupled.

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