DE102016125497B4 - Blasting system - Google Patents

Abstract

Blasting device (1) for blasting a blasting capsule (10) introduced into a borehole (2) with a carrier (3), with a protective plate (4) arranged on the carrier (3) with a recess (5), with a protective plate (4) on the carrier (3) arranged drilling module (6), which is provided for the introduction of a borehole (2) into the ground (21), with an explosive module (7) arranged on the carrier (3) and which is used for introducing a detonator (10) into a borehole (2) is provided, with an ignition module (8) arranged on the carrier (3) which is intended to ignite a detonator (10) arranged in the borehole (2) and reaching into the recess (5) of the protective plate (4).

Description

The invention relates to an explosive system in which explosives are ignited in a borehole. The invention shows a method according to the invention for blasting and a blasting arrangement for this.

From the German utility model GM 77 02 287 U1 a detonator with fuse is known in which the explosive is housed in a cup-shaped housing, in the upper, open end of which a fuse is inserted. The fuse has an outer shell made of polyethylene, which shows a hemp insert and a powder core, which burns through the fuse at one end and detonates the explosive in the fuse. Such a detonator with fuse is used in the military and also in civil explosives. This blasting system does not show any special precautions to secure the blasting process.

From the German patent DE 32 07 121 C2 a charging system and method for introducing an explosive charge into a borehole are known, in which a hose body with a plurality of explosive cartridges is completely introduced into a borehole for detonation. There the hose body with a watertight cover is filled with water with the help of a loading and filling stick in such a way that the hose body with the explosive cartridges adheres firmly in the borehole under pressure on all sides. Then the loading and filling stick is pulled out of the filling valve of the hose body and removed from the borehole. The explosive cartridges are ignited by an impact cartridge which has previously been inserted into the deepest point of the borehole. This is ignited via ignition wires led out of the borehole. The charging system described and the method for introducing explosive charge into a borehole prove to be very complex and it also shows no pronounced protective measures for the people involved.

Furthermore, from the German patent DE 41 36 096 C1 a device for introducing an explosive charge into a borehole is known in which an explosive cartridge is screwed onto the lower end of a sleeve of the device and the detonator is then pushed into the sleeve from above until a secure mechanical connection between the detonator and the detonator cartridge is guaranteed enables the detonator to reliably ignite the cartridge. The sleeve is then completely inserted into the borehole with the aid of a drill string and released at the lower end at the bottom of the borehole, so that the explosive cartridge and the detonator can remain there and can be ignited. With the help of this device it is possible to make the introduction of the explosive cartridge with the detonator and in particular the release of the same at the bottom of the borehole fairly safe. This facility does not disclose a solution for securing the people involved.

In addition, it is from the German Offenlegungsschrift DE 101 24 936 A1 a downhole blast tool and method are known. The apparatus and method utilize one or more explosive charge assemblies contained in a housing and associated ignition circuitry. The ignition circuit includes a fuse cord having at least two adjacent explosive lines with longitudinal surfaces separated by at least one permeable wall that promotes the cross-burning of explosive lines. The downhole blast tool shows a tubular cannon section with two ends which are closed by means of two tandem sections. In each of the two tandem sections there is an ignition device with which a fuse can be ignited, which extends from one tandem section over the tubular cannon section to the other tandem section and which burns continuously and continuously from its ends. The shaped charges are ignited one after the other in the tubular cannon section, so that the borehole blasting tool generates a sequence of several blasts. The downhole blast tool is used in various subterranean wellbore areas. In particular, it is used to perforate an oil or gas well deep underground. The borehole blasting system described and the method do not show any additional measures to protect the people involved, since it is used very deep in the earth's crust.

From the German patent application DE 33 28 550 A1 a method for breaking hard, compact material and an apparatus for carrying out this method are known. A blast hole is drilled, then the blast hole is filled with a liquid. Then an explosive charge with a detonator is introduced and the liquid-filled blast hole is then closed over a large area with an impulse reflector, whereupon the explosive charge is ignited. This makes it possible to reduce the noise and the flying fragments during the blasting.

Against this background, the object of the invention is to provide a method for blasting or a blasting arrangement for blasting a blasting capsule introduced into a borehole, which improves the safety of the people involved in the vicinity of the blasting, especially when blasting close to the surface.

This object is achieved by a blasting arrangement for blasting a blasting capsule introduced into a borehole with the features of claim 1 and a method for blasting with the features of claim 20.

Advantageous refinements of the method according to the invention and the blasting arrangement are the subject of the subclaims.

• - Bohren eines Sprenglochs in den Untergrund,
• - Aufbringen einer Schutzplatte mit einer Ausnehmung auf den Untergrund,
• - Sicherstellen der fluchtenden Anordnung der Ausnehmung über dem Bohrloch,
• - Einbringen einer Sprengkapsel in das Bohrloch, wobei dies bevorzugt mit einem Überstand über den oberen Rand des Bohrlochs erfolgt, und
• - Zünden der im Bohrloch angeordneten Sprengkapsel, wobei diese in oder durch die Ausnehmung der Schutzplatte ragt.

The inventive method for blasting shows several essential steps that can be carried out in different sequences. These steps include:

• - drilling a blast hole in the ground,
• - Applying a protective plate with a recess to the substrate,
• - Ensuring the aligned arrangement of the recess over the borehole,
• - Introducing a detonator into the borehole, this preferably taking place with a protrusion over the upper edge of the borehole, and
• - Detonation of the detonator arranged in the borehole, which protrudes into or through the recess of the protective plate.

By providing a detonator according to the invention, which is arranged in the borehole and preferably extends in the direction of the recess in the protective plate and is ignited, it is possible to significantly reduce the risk that material released by the detonation can hit people involved, since the The protective plate retains this blasted material to a considerable extent without the handling, in particular the introduction of the detonator into the borehole, being significantly hindered.

By providing a detonator according to the invention, which protrudes above the borehole and is positioned so that when the detonation is ignited, the upper end of the detonator at least partially closes the recess in the protective plate, a very efficient protection is created. The upper end of the detonator capsule particularly preferably protrudes at least into the recess or through it. This ensures that the risk that material loosened by the blast will pass through the recess and hit people involved is considerably reduced. The provision according to the invention of the protective plate above the bore for receiving the detonator with the explosive further enhances this protective function.

Different sequences of the aforementioned steps show differently advantageous variants of the method according to the invention. For example, it has proven useful to first realize the aligned arrangement of the recess of the protective plate over the borehole before the protective plate is placed on the ground, while the other sequence is just as functional, but less secure in its handling. This is primarily based on the fact that, when the protective plate applied to the subsurface is displaced, there is a risk that surface material of the subsurface will fall into the borehole and its function will then be impaired. This can in particular lead to the fact that the subsequent introduction of a detonator into the borehole through the introduced obstacle is no longer possible in the manner necessary according to the invention.

In addition to the possibility of drilling a blast hole with the recess before applying a protective plate, it has also proven particularly useful to first apply the protective plate to the desired location on the substrate so that the recess is above the position of the desired borehole and then to bring the drill hole into the ground through the recess in the protective plate. It has proven particularly useful that in an unnecessary, but advantageous, additional step, the drilling material is removed from the subsurface and the borehole that forms the blast hole is thereby cleaned and the detonator is reliably and safely inserted into the borehole in the manner according to the invention can be. This second alternative regarding the point in time at which the borehole is made in the subsoil proves to be more complex to handle, since the overburden from drilling should be removed as safely as possible and the diameter of the borehole is limited to the diameter of the recess. Some of these aspects prove to be disadvantageous. However, it proves advantageous that there is no additional checking of the aligned arrangement and thus the alignment of the recess over the borehole, because by placing and maintaining the position of the protective plate with the recess and drilling the borehole through the recess, an aligned arrangement is automatic, permanently and reliably ensured.

The point in time at which the detonator capsule is introduced into the borehole, in particular with a protrusion over the upper edge of the borehole, can also take place at different points in time during the course of the method. It can be done before the flush mounting of the protective plate on the substrate or only after this, so that in an advantageous manner the risk of damage to the detonator due to the displacement of the Protective plate is largely excluded relative to the borehole, in particular in the lateral direction. This leads to a particularly safe method according to the invention.

By introducing the detonator into the borehole, preferably with a protrusion over the upper edge of the borehole and igniting the detonator that extends in the direction of the recess and preferably protrudes into or through the recess of the protective plate, it is possible, according to the invention, to detonate to a particular degree Concentrating on the subsoil and less on the surface, thereby bringing the explosive force into the subsoil more efficiently. This makes it possible to improve the efficiency of the blasting process, that is to say, with less explosive, a better or the same blasting effect can be achieved, as well as reducing the risk for people or devices in the vicinity.

The preferred positioning of the detonator cap with a protrusion over the upper edge of the borehole can be implemented by a wide variety of measures, which together serve the important purpose of ensuring a protective device consisting of protective plate and at least partially closed recess in the protective plate that is as closed as possible. For example, the protrusion of the detonator can be ensured in that projections are provided on the outside of the typically cylindrical detonator in the lateral direction, which prevent further lowering or changing of the height in the borehole. This can be achieved, for example, by providing projections or a cover with a diameter in the area of the cover which is larger in its dimensions than the diameter of the borehole. As a result, the cover or the protrusion (s) sit in the area of the cover on the surface of the subsurface and the desired vertical protrusion over the upper edge of the borehole is ensured. As an alternative or in addition, it has also proven useful to provide the detonator in the area in which it is introduced into the borehole with projections, in particular with extendable projections, which fix and jam in the borehole. This can be achieved, for example, when the borehole has a smaller drilling radius with increasing depth and projections then set up at this transition point and prevent further sliding down into the borehole. Extensible projections can also wedge themselves into the wall of the borehole and thereby fix and position the detonator in its position in the borehole with the desired protrusion. The alternative or supplementary provision of projections that can be moved out takes place preferably by means of a pneumatic and / or hydraulic drive or also with the aid of pretensioned spring elements, the pretension of which is released in a targeted manner.

• Zuerst wird die Schutzplatte mit der Ausnehmung auf den Untergrund gebracht, wobei die Ausnehmung der Schutzplatte fluchtend über dem geplanten Bohrloch positioniert wird, um dann durch die Ausnehmung in den Untergrund ein Sprengloch zu bohren. Danach wird die Sprengkapsel in das Bohrloch eingebracht, wobei dies durch die Ausnehmung der Schutzplatte erfolgt. Durch die Schutzplatte in Verbindung mit der fluchtenden Anordnung der Sprengkapsel in dem Bohrloch mit der Ausnehmung in der Schutzplatte gelingt es, die gewünschte vorteilhafte Verbesserung der Schutzwirkung beim Sprengen im Hinblick auf die Umgebung und im Hinblick auf eine effizientere Sprengung zu erreichen.

A particularly preferred method according to the invention for blasting is characterized by the following steps in the specific sequence:

• First, the protective plate with the recess is placed on the ground, the recess of the protective plate being positioned in alignment over the planned borehole, in order to then drill a blast hole through the recess in the ground. The detonator is then introduced into the borehole, this being done through the recess in the protective plate. The protective plate in conjunction with the aligned arrangement of the detonator in the borehole with the recess in the protective plate makes it possible to achieve the desired advantageous improvement in the protective effect during blasting with regard to the environment and with regard to more efficient blasting.

The detonator cap is preferably introduced in such a way that the detonator cap protrudes over the upper edge of the borehole, which covers the recess of the protective plate in an aligned manner so that the preferred protrusion protrudes into or through the recess of the protective plate. According to the invention, this protruding into the recess of the protective plate causes the reduction of the free recess in the protective plate, causes the desired advantageous improvement of the protective effect when blasting with regard to the environment and, on the other hand, with regard to more efficient blasting. The sequence of steps preferred according to the invention makes it possible to keep the risk of a misfire, i.e. an unintentional ignition of the detonator low, because the detonator is inserted subordinate to all drilling and positioning work on the protective plate, so that none of these measures, for example by sparking or the like can cause an unintentional, avoidable triggering of an explosion. It is also possible to introduce the detonator through the recess into the borehole in a particularly reliable manner, since the alignment of the recess with the borehole is ensured. Due to the preferred protruding in or through the detonator cap in or through the recess, the detonation of the detonator cap is possible in a particularly reliable manner in comparison to the advantageous aligned arrangement of the detonator cap with the recess. This is ensured in a particularly advantageous manner when electrical ignition contacts are provided on the lid of the detonator, which are positioned in the recess of the protective plate or above it. This spatial separation of the ignition contacts from the The risk of contamination or damage to the surface is considerably reduced and, as a result, ignition is made possible in a very reliable manner, in that unwanted ignition due to disruptive influences on the surface of the surface can be avoided.

The methods according to the invention for blasting thus prove to be extremely safe. They also prove to be very efficient, as the protective plate can concentrate the explosive effect in the subsurface and thus prevent inefficient escape of the explosive force to the surface into the air. The safety for people in the vicinity can be particularly increased by this method according to the invention, since the surface of the subsoil to be blasted is covered by a protective plate in the area of the blasting, and as a result, stones from the subsoil are wholly or at least considerably restricted from flying around.

In addition to the method according to the invention, the invention also relates to a blasting arrangement according to the invention for blasting a detonator inserted into a borehole with a carrier, this carrier having at least one protective plate arranged on the carrier with a recess, a drilling module being arranged on the carrier which is used for introducing a Borehole in the ground is suitable and provided, wherein an explosive module is arranged on the carrier, which is suitable and provided for introducing a detonator into a borehole, in particular with a protrusion above the underground, and wherein an ignition module is arranged on the carrier, which is used to ignite a into the recess of the protective plate reaching detonator is suitable and provided.

The described blasting arrangement according to the invention contains several modules, the drilling module, the blasting module and the ignition module, which are mechanically connected to the protective plate via a carrier and thus form an integrated arrangement that enables the method according to the invention to be carried out entirely or at least in essential parts. It is of particular importance that the detonator module is suitable and intended for introducing a detonator that contains the explosive into a borehole drilled with the aid of the drilling module so that the detonator is flush with the recess in the protective plate and preferably protrudes over the Has underground, so the upper end of the borehole. This preferred protrusion of the detonator cap protrudes into the recess of the protective plate and thereby closes the unimpeded passage through the recess from the subsurface covered by the protective plate or from the borehole to the area above the protective plate. This at least partial closure of the recess ensures that in the event of an explosion with the aid of the detonator in the borehole that forms the detonation hole, particles of the subsurface cannot, or only to a very limited extent, pass through the recess and people in the vicinity of the detonation or May damage equipment in the vicinity of the blast. The recess and the upper part of the detonator are preferably adapted to one another in such a way that only a narrow gap remains between the upper part of the detonator, in particular its cover, and the edge of the protective plate of the recess. By providing a narrow gap, on the one hand, good handling and introduction of the detonator capsule into the recess and, on the other hand, an extremely high level of safety during the detonation is guaranteed.

It has proven to be particularly advantageous to additionally provide the carrier, which connects the various modules with the protective plate, with a receptacle for connection to a transport vehicle, in particular an excavator. This makes it possible to design the blasting arrangement so that it can be conveyed by the transport vehicle, in particular by the excavator, that is, its positioning is variable and / or can also be manipulated.

It has proven to be particularly advantageous to design the carrier with the receptacle for connection in such a way that, on the one hand, the entire arrangement is moved by the transport vehicle, in particular by the excavator, to the desired position, i.e. to the position of the desired blast and thus the blast hole to be drilled or . Borehole, can be moved and on the other hand to manipulate the blasting arrangement in such a way that in particular the individual modules can be operated with the aid of the transport vehicle, in particular the excavator. This is preferably done by appropriate coupling of hydraulic and / or pneumatic drive circuits and in particular by actuating devices that are provided in the transport vehicle, in particular in the excavator, in order to actuate the individual modules of the explosive device according to the invention from the transport vehicle, in particular from the excavator. This is preferably done from a closed and protected driver's cab. This makes it possible to make the explosive arrangement according to the invention very mobile and safe, since the person does not necessarily have to leave the transport vehicle to operate the explosive arrangement in accordance with the method according to the invention and the explosive arrangement is targeted by the transport vehicle or the excavator and here preferably from the driver's cab or from the protected car can be operated.

The inventive provision of the protective plate with the recess and the Positioning the detonator according to the invention in the recess makes it possible to reliably protect the actuator of the detonating arrangement and to leave him in the vicinity of the detonation. This results in a very efficient process that can be carried out very quickly. Leaving the area surrounding the blasting, which is necessary in the prior art, is no longer necessary to this extent due to the method according to the invention or the blasting arrangement according to the invention, which according to the invention leads to an acceleration of the process.

A preferred, advantageous blasting arrangement is characterized in that the drilling module, the blasting module and the ignition module are arranged on the carrier in a ring around the recess in the protective plate and above it and can each be conveyed into and out of a working position. The working position of the individual modules does not have to be identical, but can be specifically differentiated. The annular arrangement of the modules above and around the recess creates a very compact arrangement above the recess and thus above the protective plate, which on the one hand enables the method according to the invention to be carried out and on the other hand ensures reliable protection of the modules when blasted.

In addition, it has proven particularly useful to design the blasting module, in particular the blasting assembly as a whole, without electrical drives and to provide only pneumatic, hydraulic and / or mechanical drives for the blasting assembly, and to introduce the detonating capsules into boreholes in the manner according to the invention, so that the detonating capsules preferably remain with a protrusion over the subsurface. This makes it possible to reduce the risk of undesired misfiring of the detonators, because the risk of electrical sparks or electrical spark discharges can be significantly reduced as a result. In a corresponding manner, the other modules of the blasting arrangement according to the invention, in particular the drilling module and / or the transport vehicle, in particular the excavator, are preferably not provided with electric drives in order to further increase safety, albeit slightly. By avoiding electrical drives in the blasting arrangement, in particular in the blasting module, it is possible to create a particularly safe blasting arrangement.

By arranging the carrier or the carrier on the protective plate and the formation of the protective plate as a solid plate, in particular made of steel, it is possible to achieve a very rigid and protected structure of the blasting arrangement, which is characterized by a special degree of protection of the carrier with the arranged on it Modules. As a result, the functionality of the explosive arrangement according to the invention is guaranteed to a particular degree and damage from explosions is at least severely limited.

It has proven to be particularly advantageous to choose the recess in the protective plate so that the cap of the detonator can be received by the recess and the recess in particular in the shape and / or size of the cross section of the detonator and / or the cap corresponds to the detonator. This makes it possible, on the one hand, for the cover to protrude into or through the recess and, on the other hand, for a gap formed between the cover of the detonator and the protective plate in the region of the recess to be small in area relative to the area of the recess or in relation to the Cross-section of the detonator or to the size of the lid. As a result, the risk of material from the blasted underground penetrating through the protective plate in the area of the recess is greatly reduced, which significantly improves the desired safety for devices or devices in the vicinity or for people or animals.

It has also proven useful to design the cap of the detonator so that it is larger in cross section than the rest of the capsule, whereby the protrusion above the ground can be achieved in a particularly simple manner by reducing the diameter of the borehole corresponding to the rest of the capsule Diameter is chosen as the lid. The cover is thus seated in the area of its lateral overhang relative to the rest of the capsule on the surface of the subsurface, which is preferably selected such that the cover protrudes at least partially into the recess of the protective plate. The cover thus preferably has a height which corresponds at least to the distance between the surface of the subsurface or the upper edge of the borehole from the lower edge or lower side of the protective plate or the lower edge of the recess. Already the alignment of the detonator capsule with the cover to the recess creates an advantageous reduction in the risk of passage, which is further increased by the fact that the cover protrudes into the recess. This means that when the cover reaches the underside of the protective plate and thus the lower edge of the recess, a passage in the edge area is significantly reduced. It is therefore not necessary for the cover or the detonator to protrude clearly into the recess or to protrude through it in order to reduce the risk of penetration. The more it protrudes into or through it, the more security is increased.

The shape and size of the lid or the cross section in the upper region of the detonator cap preferably correspond to the recess. In particular, both are chosen with a circular cross section with a corresponding radius. This creates a particularly simple handling of the blasting arrangement.

A particularly preferred blasting arrangement is characterized in that the protective plate is provided on the underside with at least one support, in particular several supports, for resting on the ground. In this case, the at least one support or the plurality of supports preferably partially or completely enclose the recess in an annular manner. As a result of this enclosing, on the one hand, the protective plate is reliably placed on the substrate, since unevenness below the plate has a less critical effect with regard to the resting of the protective plate. On the other hand, the borehole is secured by the surrounding supports or the support in such a way that the protective plate as a cover and the one or more supports together act as a lateral obstacle for components of the subsurface that fly horizontally along the underside of the protective plate and hold them back. A lateral movement out of blasted material from under the plate is thus clearly impeded, possibly completely prevented. This creates a particularly easy-to-handle protective plate for the explosive arrangement according to the invention, which enables a particularly reliable and safe explosive arrangement.

The supports preferably have a wedge-shaped cross section, which means that the protective plate with the tapered supports penetrates into the ground and thus ensures good anchoring in the ground and secure positioning of the protective plate. According to the invention, this also ensures that the alignment of the recess with the borehole is particularly ensured and that the detonator can be introduced into the aligned arrangement of recess and borehole particularly well.

In addition or in addition, it has proven to be particularly advantageous to arrange one or more chain elements, that is to say parts of a chain with several links, on the underside of the protective plate. These are preferably arranged in the area around the recess. They ensure that stones and chunks of the subsurface are braked during the blasting process, so that fewer of them get out from under the protective plate into the vicinity of the protective plate. It has proven particularly useful to arrange the chain elements on the underside in such a way that they at least partially enclose the recess and thereby brake the subsurface when blasting in this direction, which is particularly effective when the recess is completely formed, in particular by several trains is enclosed in rows arranged chain elements in the manner of a chain curtain. This creates a particularly reliable and safe blasting arrangement that ensures particularly reliable protection of the environment.

It has proven to be particularly advantageous to design the drilling module, the blasting module and / or the ignition module so that it can be moved in or on the carrier so that the drilling module can be conveyed over the recess in the protective plate and away from it. This conveying path makes it possible to move and secure the modules between a working position and a rest or storage position. By positioning the drilling module, the detonator module or the ignition module over the recess and thus in alignment with the borehole that is created by the drilling module or into which the detonator is introduced with the aid of the detonator module and / or with the aid of the detonator module If the detonator is detonated, it is possible to create a very compact, safe detonator arrangement which, especially in the rest positions of the modules, largely rules out damage to the modules by the detonation process.

It has proven to be particularly advantageous to provide the drilling module with a drilling depth limiter which preferably limits the drilling depth to approximately the length of the detonator minus the thickness of the protective plate. The thickness of the protective plate including the height of the potentially existing, preferred support or supports is to be understood. This ensures according to the invention that the drilling module creates a borehole which is suitable for receiving the detonator and to ensure that the detonator protrudes from the borehole. This takes place with a protrusion which preferably corresponds approximately to the distance between the protective plate and the substrate and thus also ensures that the detonator, in particular with its cover, protrudes into the recess in the protective plate or that it largely protrudes through this recess. This creates a very reliable blasting arrangement that greatly restricts the passage of blasted material through the recess and thereby considerably reduces the safety of the environment, be it for people or animals, or for devices in the vicinity.

In addition, it has proven to be very advantageous to provide the drilling module with a conveying device for removing the drilling cuttings from the area of the recess. With the help of this conveying device it is possible to reliably remove the drill dust from the subsurface and thereby to make the borehole for the detonator freely accessible, which ensures the functionality of the detonator to a particular extent. The cuttings next to the borehole or in the area of the borehole are also removed so that this cuttings, driven by the blast, cannot be moved out through the recess or laterally under the protective plate and can endanger people or other objects in the vicinity. Thus, this provision of a conveyor device for removing drilling spoil proves to be particularly useful in terms of safety.

A preferred development of the explosive device according to the invention shows an explosive module with a storage area for detonators, from which a detonator can be removed by means of a detonator delivery device and can be conveyed into the borehole, in particular through the recess in the protective plate. This storage area, which in particular has an interchangeable cassette for receiving several detachable detonators, makes it possible to protect the storage area from damage or unwanted removal of the detonators in the storage area or in the cassette or by means of partitioning measures, for example by means of an additional closed housing. to protect in the interchangeable cassette for removable detonators and thereby to further promote the safety of the detonating arrangement according to the invention.

In particular, this makes it possible to prevent damage to the detonators in the storage area in the detonator module in a special way.

In a particularly preferred manner, the ignition module of the explosive device according to the invention is provided with a device for ring-shaped enclosing a detonator capsule protruding into a borehole and completely or partially filling the recess, the device being designed so that, in the enclosed state, it closes the gap between the protective plate and the Can completely or largely cover the detonator in the area of the recess and thus the risk of the blown material passing through the gap in the recess is reduced even further. This can be done by a type of cover that is applied over the detonator in the area of the recess when the detonator does not protrude beyond the recess and thus beyond the protective plate. If the upper end of the detonator cap, in particular its cover, protrudes over the protective plate with the recess, the device for ring-shaped enclosing is preferably brought up to the detonator from the side, thereby reducing the passage of the gap or, ideally, completely closing it. The device for the annular enclosing preferably has a plurality of segments which together enclose the protruding part of the detonator. Alternatively, it has also proven useful to enclose the protruding part of the detonator with a flexible, band-shaped body and thereby to completely or at least largely close the gap.

It has also proven to be particularly advantageous that the ignition module has resilient contacts for the electrical contacting of the ignition contacts on the detonator and / or a device for checking the electrical contact. By providing resilient contacts for electrical contacting for the ignition, a particularly secure contacting of the detonator and the ignition module can be guaranteed, which is characterized by a large tolerance with regard to correct positioning and also by a clear tolerance against contamination or corrosion of the contacts. The tolerance is given in particular due to the mobility of the contacts and the associated mechanical cleaning of the resilient electrical contact surfaces.

It has also proven useful to provide the ignition module with a device for checking the electrical contact, which makes it possible, for example, to provide information about the correct electrical contact between the ignition module and the ignition contacts of the detonator using the electrical properties of the contact. For example, this can take place on the basis of the resistances or the conductivity or also on the basis of temperature measurements or the like or a combination of several measurement parameters. By providing on the one hand the resilient contacting and on the other hand the device for checking the electrical contacting, a particularly reliable electrical contacting for ignition and thus a particularly reliable ignition module for the inventive explosive device is created.

Of the various possibilities for designing a detonator, it has proven particularly useful to provide the detonator with a cup-shaped housing with a cover and ignition contacts arranged on it for igniting the explosive arranged in the housing. The ignition contacts are preferably circular or ring-shaped and are electrically insulated from one another. By arranging the ignition contacts on the cover and preferably on the surface of the cover, it is possible to ensure reliable electrical contact with the detonator due to the alignment with the recess. This is particularly true when the part of the detonator that preferably protrudes from the borehole protrudes into the recess of the protective plate or protrudes through it in a particularly preferred manner. On This particularly preferred design of the detonator does not provide for contact on the other side, on the underside of the protective plate. The preferred provision of the ignition contacts on the cover in the form of circular or ring-shaped ignition contacts makes it possible to make the contact less sensitive and thereby enable more reliable electrical contact for ignition. The cup-shaped housing and the cover are preferably selected from a rigid material, preferably from a metal or a hard plastic.

By providing a detonator with a cup-shaped housing with a lid, the ignition contacts arranged on the lid, the explosive arranged in the area of the bottom of the cup-shaped housing and the filler arranged in the housing in the area of the lid, it is possible to realize a detonator that is suitable for this according to the invention Explosive arrangement or the method according to the invention is particularly suitable. According to the invention, the filler does not show any explosives and is in particular formed from sand which is optionally provided with additional air. The explosive arrangement exhibits an explosive effect which is less strongly directed in the direction of the cover with the ignition contacts arranged on it and thus in the direction of the recess in the protective plate. As a result of this arrangement, the blast is primarily directed in the lateral direction or downwards and thus destroys the subsurface, which is the preferred aim of the blasting arrangement according to the invention and is particularly effective. Various inert materials have proven useful as fillers. Sand or granules are used as the preferred material.

In addition to the particularly advantageous possibility of providing the detonator with a cup-shaped housing with a lid, it has been found to be useful as an alternative to introduce the explosive and the filling material into the cup-shaped borehole without an additional housing, whereby the borehole takes over the function of the housing of the detonator. As a result, the additional housing can be dispensed with and a reliable ignition and detonation can still be ensured via ignition wires running from the ignition module to the explosive.

The blasting arrangement with the various modules is preferably monitored via a controller, in particular a central controller. The controller monitors the functionality of the ignition module with the detonator or detonators, in particular in the manner of a watchdog monitor. Furthermore, it has proven useful to additionally or alternatively provide a video monitoring device that makes it possible to monitor the correct handling of the ignition module or other components, in particular the entire blasting arrangement, and / or the correct functioning of the ignition module or the other modules and thus optionally also the to monitor the entire blasting arrangement for correct functioning. Only when this monitoring, be it in the form of watchdog monitoring and / or in the form of video monitoring, shows a positive result that indicates the correct function of the ignition module and / or the other components of the explosive device, the ignition module can trigger the detonation and the detonator can be detonated in the borehole with the protective plate above. This monitoring in the blasting arrangement itself enables a very universal use of the blasting arrangement. In addition, this integrated structure particularly protects the components from damage by blasted material, in particular by the protective plate on which the carrier with the various components of the blasting arrangement is arranged. This ensures the functionality of the explosive device according to the invention in a special way.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings. The invention is not restricted to the examples shown.

Similar parts are labeled with identical designations. The illustrated embodiments are highly schematic, that is, the distances and the lateral and vertical extensions are not to scale and therefore, unless otherwise stated, also have no derivable geometric relationships to one another.

• 1 eine schematische Darstellung eines vertikalen Schnitts durch eine beispielhafte Sprenganordnung,
• 2 eine schematische Darstellung eines horizontalen Schnitts durch eine beispielhafte Sprenganordnung,
• 3 eine schematische Darstellung eines Längsschnitts durch eine beispielhafte Sprengkapsel und
• 4 eine Darstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen, beispielhaften Verfahrens zum Sprengen in Form eines Flussdiagramms.

Show:

• 1 a schematic representation of a vertical section through an exemplary blasting arrangement,
• 2 a schematic representation of a horizontal section through an exemplary blasting arrangement,
• 3 a schematic representation of a longitudinal section through an exemplary detonator and
• 4th a representation of an exemplary method according to the invention for blasting in the form of a flowchart.

In 1 is a schematic representation of a vertical section along the diagonal through the explosive arrangement according to the invention 1 shown. The blasting order 1 for blasting one in a borehole 2 inserted detonator 10 shows a protective plate 4th that has a recess in the central area 5 having. The recess 5 shows a circular cross-section. The protective plate 4th is made of solid, 4 cm thick steel and represents a rectangular plate. The protective plate 4th is with a carrier 3 firmly connected, in the manner of a cage on the protective plate 4th is fixed and the various other components of the explosive device 1 can carry and absorb in such a way that they can be manipulated, moved and changed according to their function. On the lateral, vertical parts of the carrier 3 , which is formed from steel bars with a square cross-section, are the drilling module 6th , the explosive module 7th and the ignition module 8th and a conveyor 9 arranged for removing the drilling cuttings. Of these are in 1 the drilling module 6th and the ignition module 8th shown schematically. The two modules 6th , 8th can horizontally in an area above the recess 5 are moved and are moved from this back into the original rest position shown. The drive for this movement takes place with the help of a hydraulic drive.

The protective plate 4th has on its underside a support that is wedge-shaped in cross section 19th on that a safe stand of the blasting arrangement 1 with the protective plate 4th on the underground 21 enables. The support 19th encloses the recess 5 ring-shaped with a pronounced spacing in which the support 19th in the edge area of the protective plate 4th is arranged.

In 1 is shown a situation in which the protective plate 4th with the recess 5 above a borehole 2 is arranged in alignment with this. In the borehole 2 is the detonator 10 introduced, the lid 12th on the surface of the sub-floor 21 sits in the borehole 2 is introduced, and a further sinking of the detonator 10 in the underground 21 or the borehole 2 prevented. The lid 12th shows a height that is greater than the height of the column 19th increased by the thickness of the protective plate 4th . By this height of the lid 12th ensures that the detonator 10 with their lid 12th over the borehole 2 or over the upper edge of the borehole 2 protrudes and into the recess 5 the protective plate 4th in and in this exemplary case over this protective plate 4th out and through this recess 5 protrudes. Between the lid 12th and the protective plate 4th which are matched to one another in their shape and size, is a small and largely uniform gap 18th remained, on the one hand, a good introduction of the detonator 10 with their lid 12th into the recess 5 allows and on the other hand an undesirable passage of material from the underground 21 during the demolition, if not completely, at least prevented to a considerable extent. The gap 18th is typically less than 1 cm wide.

Around the borehole 2 in the underground 21 to realize was the blasting arrangement 1 on the ground 21 put on and then the drilling module 6th horizontally across the recess 5 in the working position 5a traverse the drill hole there vertically with the help of a drill 2 to create. The drill of the drilling module 6th through the recess 5 moved through and in the underground 21 the borehole 2 drilled.

Then the drilling module 6th move back to its original rest position. The conveyor 9 to remove the cuttings is in the working position 5a above the recess 5 move and convey the cuttings out of the borehole with the aid of compressed air 2 and from the area below the protective plate 4th in the area of the recess 5 . This results in a cleaned and freely accessible borehole 2 in the underground 21 created.

Then the conveyor 9 Move horizontally back to the rest position and then move the blasting module 7th in the working position 5a over the recess 5 shifted horizontally. The explosive module 7th shows a storage area for detonators, which has an exchangeable cassette for receiving several detachable detonators 10 contains. The detonators 10 in the interchangeable cassette are protected from external undesirable influences, in particular from mechanical, electrical or other disruptive influences, as a result of which unintentional ignition of the detonators 10 can be prevented. This storage area or the exchangeable cassette becomes a detonator 10 removed and vertically through the recess 5 into the borehole 2 promoted until the detonator 10 with their lid 12th on the edge of the borehole 2 sits on. The case 11 the detonator 10 has a thinner diameter than the borehole 2 while the lid 12th the detonator 10 a significantly larger diameter than the borehole 2 shows so the lid 12th not in the borehole 2 can slide in and thus on the edge of the borehole 2 and thus on the surface of the subsurface 21 sits on. After inserting the detonator 10 into the borehole 2 becomes the explosive module 7th horizontally back to the rest position in the blasting arrangement 1 proceed.

This situation is shown schematically in 1 shown. The following is the ignition module 8th horizontally in the working position 5a above the recess 5 postponed. Below the ignition module 8th the lid protrudes 12th through the recess 5 through. With the help of the ignition module 8th the ignition contacts 15th on the top of the lid 12th contacted and detonating the detonator 10 in the borehole 2 triggered.

The inventive explosive arrangement shown makes it possible to assign the position of the borehole 2 and the recess 5 and the correct insertion of the detonator 10 with the lid 12th through the recess 5 into the borehole 2 to be implemented very precisely. This ensures particularly defined blasting situations and thus enables a particularly reliable blasting result. By providing the protective plate 4th with the recess 5 that is essentially through the lid 12th the detonator 10 is closed, it also prevents the blasted material of the subsoil 21 is catapulted upwards and the components of the explosive device according to the invention 1 above the protective plate 4th especially the modules 6th , 7th , 8th , 9 can damage. Also is through the protective plate 4th in connection with the largely closed recess 5 ensures that materials thrown out by the blast do not damage the protective plate 4th can overcome and thereby create the possibility that people or animals or other objects that are in the area of the blast are at great risk. Here is the lid 12th the detonator 10 designed so that it is not destroyed by the explosion, but rather it remains and continues to close the recess 5 until it is released from this and removed.

Then the explosive arrangement according to the invention 1 offset to another position, this being done in such a way that the recess is above the desired position of the blast, that is to say above the desired borehole to be produced 2 for receiving the detonator 10 is created according to the inventive method for blasting.

In 2 is in a schematically shown cross section the position of the drilling module 6th , the explosive module 7th , the ignition module 8th and the conveyor 9 for removing the drilling cuttings above the protective plate 4th inside the vehicle 3 shown. With the help of the double arrows you can see the horizontal travel from the rest position to the work position 5a above the recess 5 that are above the planned, intended borehole 2 is positioned to see. The protective plate 4th protrudes over the base of the carrier 3 In addition, the other components of the explosive device according to the invention, in particular the various modules, are cage-like 6th , 7th , 8th , 9 , encloses. Here is the base plate 4th designed so that it is larger than the subterranean blasting area, i.e. the area of the subsoil 21 loosened by the blast.

The carrier 3 is with a recording 20th provided for connection to an excavator. With the help of the recording 20th a connection with an excavator can be created, by means of which the blasting arrangement 1 with the help of the excavator to the desired locations where a blast is planned, can be transported and transported. Also is about the inclusion 20th the explosive module 7th connected and supplied with the hydraulic circuit of the excavator to operate the drives of the various modules. With this connection it becomes possible that the entire blasting arrangement 1 is moved exclusively via hydraulic drives and not via electrical drives. In particular, the drilling module 6th Moved via a hydraulic drill drive and the detonators 10 from the storage area for detonators 10 extracted and extracted to bring them into the created borehole 2 through the recess 5 to promote. By not providing electrical drives and replacing them with hydraulic drives, it is possible to reduce the risk of sparks and thereby the safety of the blasting module 7th and the explosive device according to the invention 1 as such increase noticeably.

By positioning the recess 5 centrally in the protective plate 4th and through the positioning of the various modules, the drilling module 6th , the explosive module 7th , the ignition module 8th as well as the conveyor 9 annular around the recess 5 it is possible to move them reliably into the desired and necessary working position and still have a compact arrangement of the modules 6th , 7th , 8th , 9 to create a compact, protected structure of the explosive device according to the invention 1 enables.

In 3 is an exemplary detonator 10 shown in a longitudinal section. The detonator 10 shows a cup-shaped housing 11 made of aluminum and a lid 12th , of the cup-shaped case 11 locks. In the case 11 is the explosives 16 arranged in the area of the floor. Above the explosives 16 is a filler 17th in the housing 11 brought in. The filler 17th consists essentially of quartz sand. Above the filler 17th there is a volume of air that flows vertically through the lid 12th is completed. The lid 12th points on its top, which is the case 11 is turned away, a central ignition contact 15th and one of these central ignition contacts 15th enclosing, spaced therefrom and electrically insulated, annular second ignition contact 15th on. The ignition contacts 15th are via ignition cables, not shown, with the explosives 16 connected and can the explosive by applying an ignition voltage 16 be made to explode. Due to the layered arrangement of explosives 16 and fillers 17th With the volume of air above it, the explosive effect succeeds in the direction of the lid 12th to dampen and thereby the primary explosive effect downwards towards the ground or laterally to the side of the housing 11 to steer. This leads to a particularly effective blasting of the subsoil 21 in the area of the detonator 10 filled borehole 2 .

The detonator 10 is chosen in terms of its dimensions so that the housing 11 and the lid 12th each have a circular cross-section, whereas the housing 11 shows a smaller diameter than the lid 12th . The resulting lateral overhang 13th of the lid 12th according to the invention prevents the detonator 10 when it is introduced completely into the borehole 2 can sink because the borehole 2 into which the detonator 10 should be introduced, in diameter larger than the diameter of the housing 11 but smaller than the lid 12th is selected. This is where the lid comes in 12th on the surface of the sub-floor 21 or on the upper edge of the borehole 2 to lie down and a further penetration of the detonator 10 into the borehole 2 will be prevented. This enables the explosive to be positioned in a defined manner 16 and thus the center of the explosive effect underground 21 particularly reliably defined, which leads to a particularly safe demolition.

The height of the lid 12th is chosen so that it is at least equal to the distance between the lower edge of the recess 5 to the surface of the subsurface 21 and thus to the upper edge of the borehole 2 is. Preferably the thickness of the lid 12th chosen so that it is slightly larger than the sum of the aforementioned distance, that of the height of the support 19th and the thickness of the protective plate 4th . This ensures that the top of the lid 12th with the ignition contacts 15th over the recess 5 or via the protective plate 4th protrudes vertically and thus a very simple and reliable ignition via the easily accessible ignition contacts 15th with the help of the ignition module 8th can be achieved.

The lid 12th also has a diameter and shape that are larger than the borehole 2 is and also the recess 5 in the protective plate 4th corresponds, the diameter being somewhat smaller, in particular about 1 cm smaller than the diameter of the recess 5 is selected. Both, the recess 5 as well as the lid 12th , show a circular cross-section. This training enables the cover to be introduced and projected through 12th the detonator 10 through the protective plate 4th respectively through the recess 5 made possible in a particularly reliable way. The gap, i.e. the distance between the lid 12th and the edge of the recess 5 or the protective plate 4th is so low that the risk of boulders created by the blasting through of the subsurface 21 is very low. This risk is very low in particular because of the overlap of the cover 12th and the protective plate 4th about 4 cm, which is the thickness of the protective plate 4th corresponds to which is why a rock to get through this gap 18th step through, not just the crack 18th but would also have to hit the gap at a very small angle 18th would have to meet.

The lid 12th is preferably formed from an electrically insulating plastic, in particular from a material with the designation PE1000, which is a polyethylene. This proves to be very stable with regard to the mechanical stress caused by explosions but also as a good insulator, which ensures reliable ignition of the explosive 16 via the ignition contacts 15th enables. These aspects of the exemplary detonator described above 10 enable, especially in cooperation with the in 2 or. 1 explosive arrangement shown a particularly safe demolition.

In 4th a particularly preferred sequence of the method according to the invention for blasting is shown. For example, a blasting arrangement according to the invention is used here 1 such as in the 1 , 2 and 3 is shown is used.

First is a protective plate 4th with a recess 5 on the ground 21 applied so that the recess 5 above the desired position of the borehole 2 and thus the position of the detonation comes to rest. Then with the help of a drilling device, for example through the drilling module 6th is formed a hole 2 below the recess 5 drilled, the drill bit of the drilling module 6th through the recess 5 is passed through and thereby targeted the borehole 2 positioned so that the borehole 2 with the recess 5 flees. Optionally, the borehole 2 After drilling, the cuttings are freed before the detonator 10 is introduced into the borehole. By choosing the diameter and shape of the borehole 2 as well as through the choice of the shape of the detonator 10 exists, as in the explanation for 3 described and in 1 shown, a lateral protrusion 13th the detonator 10 over the top of the borehole 2 . The detonator protrudes 10 with their upper end due to the alignment of the borehole 2 with the recess 5 also through the recess 5 through what with a protruding and protruding of the detonator through the protective plate 4th goes hand in hand. After the detonator 10 with the vertical overhang 14th it is detonated in this position by placing the detonator on top of the detonator 10 arranged ignition contacts 15th can be charged with the ignition voltage.

This sequence of steps makes it possible to ensure a very safe process of preparing and carrying out the blasting, which makes it possible for the blasting according to the invention to essentially hit the ground 21 is focused and rock is thrown out of the ground 21 in the vertical direction in particular from the immediate vicinity of the borehole 2 according to the invention by the protective plate 4th in connection with the closed recess 5 prevented or at least largely restricted. This results in a very low-risk blasting with a very efficient blasting effect underground 21 given.

These process steps are then repeated cyclically, with the blasting arrangement 1 according to the new, desired position of the explosion is implemented and then the protective plate 4th is positioned accordingly and the further steps are repeated step by step. This means that a large number of blasts can be carried out one after the other, so that a larger area of the subsoil can be covered in a safe and defined manner 21 Can be blown up step by step. This repeated, step-by-step implementation of the method with an offset makes it possible to blast a larger structure in layers or layers, in particular evenly, which significantly simplifies the removal of the blasted material. In addition, the process allows the need for explosives to be reduced and the detonation to be carried out not only more safely but also more quickly.

List of reference symbols

1.

Blasting order

2.

Borehole

3.

carrier

4th

Protective plate

5.

Recess

5a.

Working position

6th

Drilling module

7th

Explosive module

8th.

Ignition module

9.

Conveyor

10.

Detonator

11.

cup-shaped housing

12th

cover

13th

Lateral protrusion of the lid

14th

Vertical protrusion of the detonator over the borehole

15th

Ignition contacts

16.

explosive

17th

Filler

18th

gap

19th

support

20th

Recording for connection to a transport vehicle

21.

Underground

Claims (22)

Blasting arrangement (1) for blasting a blasting capsule (10) which has been introduced into a borehole (2) and has a carrier (3), with a protective plate (4) with a recess (5) arranged on the carrier (3), with a drilling module (6) which is arranged on the carrier (3) and is provided for making a borehole (2) in the subsurface (21), with an explosive module (7) which is arranged on the carrier (3) and is provided for introducing an explosive capsule (10) into a borehole (2), with an ignition module (8) arranged on the carrier (3), which is provided for igniting a detonator (10) arranged in the borehole (2) and reaching into the recess (5) of the protective plate (4). Demolition order according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the detonator module (7) is designed and provided to introduce the detonator (10) into a borehole (2) with a protrusion (14) above the substrate (21). Demolition order according to Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the carrier (3) is provided with a receptacle (20) for connection to a transport vehicle, in particular an excavator, and the blasting arrangement (1) can be conveyed and / or manipulated by the transport vehicle, in particular the excavator. Demolition order according to one of the Claims 1 to 3 , characterized in that the drilling module (6), the blasting module (7) and the ignition module (8) on the carrier (3) are arranged in a ring around the recess (5) of the protective plate (4) above the recess (5) and in a respective work position and can be promoted from this. Explosive arrangement according to one of the preceding Claims 1 to 4th , characterized in that the blasting module (7) in particular the blasting arrangement (1) has no electrical drives and only pneumatic, hydraulic and / or mechanical drives are provided. Explosive arrangement according to one of the preceding Claims 1 to 5 , characterized in that the carrier (3) on the protective plate (4) is arranged and the protective plate (4) is solid, in particular made of steel. Explosive arrangement according to one of the preceding Claims 1 to 6th , characterized in that the recess (5) in the protective plate (4) is selected so that the recess (5), in particular in shape and / or size, corresponds to the cross section of the detonator (10) and / or the lid (12) corresponds to the detonator (10) and in particular the cover (12) of the detonator (10) can be accommodated in the recess (5). Explosive arrangement according to one of the preceding Claims 1 to 7th , characterized in that the protective plate (4) is provided on the underside with at least one support (19) for resting on the substrate (21), wherein the at least one support (19) in particular the recess (5) partially or completely ring-shaped is trained. Explosive arrangement according to one of the preceding Claims 1 to 8th , characterized in that the protective plate (4) is provided on the underside with several chain elements which form a chain curtain at least partially surrounding the recess (5). Explosive arrangement according to one of the preceding Claims 1 to 9 , characterized in that the drilling module (6) and / or the blasting module (7) and / or the ignition module (8) is designed to be movable in or on the carrier (3) so that the module or modules (6, 7, 8) can be conveyed via the recess (5) in the protective plate (4) and away from it. Explosive arrangement according to one of the preceding Claims 1 to 10 , characterized in that the drilling module (6) is provided with a drilling depth limiter which limits the drilling depth to approximately the length of the detonator (10) minus the distance between the protective plate (4) and the substrate 21. Explosive arrangement according to one of the preceding Claims 1 to 11 , characterized in that the blasting arrangement (1) and / or in particular the drilling module (6) is provided with a conveying device (9) for removing the drilling spoil from the area of the recess (5). Explosive arrangement according to one of the preceding Claims 1 to 12th , characterized in that the blasting module (7) has a storage area for blasting caps (10), from which a blasting capsule (10) can be removed by means of a blasting capsule conveying device and into the borehole (2), in particular through the recess (5) in the protective plate (4) is fundable. Demolition order according to Claim 13 , characterized in that the storage area has a cassette, in particular an exchangeable cassette for receiving a plurality of removable detonators (10). Explosive arrangement according to one of the preceding Claims 1 to 14th , characterized in that the ignition module (8) has a device for annularly enclosing a detonator (10) which completely or partially fills the recess (5) in a borehole (2) and the device is thus suitable for creating a gap (18) between the To cover the protective plate (4) and the detonator (10) at least partially. Explosive arrangement according to claim according to one of the preceding Claims 1 to 15th , characterized in that the ignition module (8) has resilient contacts for the electrical contacting of the ignition contacts (9) on the detonator (10) and / or a device for checking the electrical contacts. Explosive arrangement according to one of the preceding Claims 1 to 16 , characterized in that at least one detonator (10) has a cup-shaped housing (11) with a cover (12) and ignition contacts (9) arranged thereon for igniting the explosive (16) arranged in the housing, the ignition contacts (9) in particular circular or are ring-shaped and are designed to be electrically insulated from one another. Explosive arrangement according to one of the preceding Claims 1 to 17th , characterized in that at least one detonator (10) has a cup-shaped housing (11) with a cover (12) and ignition contacts (9) arranged thereon for igniting the explosive (16) arranged in the area of the bottom of the housing (11), with the In the area of the cover (12) in the housing (11) there is no explosive but a filler (17), in particular sand and, in particular, additional air. Explosive arrangement according to one of the preceding Claims 1 to 18th , characterized in that the blasting arrangement (1) has a control that monitors the functionality of the ignition module (8) with the detonator (10), in particular in the manner of a watchdog monitoring and / or a video monitoring device for monitoring the correct function and / or Has handling of the explosive device (1). Method for blasting with the following steps - drilling a hole (2) in the substrate, - applying a protective plate with a recess (5) to the substrate (21), - Ensuring the aligned arrangement of the recess (5) above the borehole (2) - Insertion of a detonator (10) into the borehole, in particular with a protrusion (14) over the upper edge of the borehole (2), - Igniting the in the borehole (2) arranged and into or through the recess (5) of the protective plate (4) protruding detonator (10). Procedure for blasting after Claim 20 , characterized in that the following steps are carried out one after the other: - applying a protective plate (4) with a recess (5) to the substrate (21), the recess (5) being positioned above the position of the planned borehole (2), - drilling a borehole (2) into the ground at the planned position, - introducing a detonator (10) into the borehole (2), in particular with a protrusion (14) over the upper edge of the borehole (2), the detonator (10 ) protrudes into or through the recess (5) of the protective plate (4), - ignition of the arranged in the borehole (2) and extending in the direction of the recess (5) and / or into or through the recess (5) of the protective plate (4) protruding detonator (10). Procedure for blasting after Claim 20 or 21 , characterized in that ignition elements arranged on a plate before the ignition are applied to the ignition contacts (15) on the cover (12) of the detonator (10) to form an electrical contact for the subsequent ignition.

Images