DE102016122570A1 - Process for producing cylindrical bodies from fiber-reinforced semifinished products - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing preferably substantially cylindrical bodies from a fiber-reinforced semi-finished product with at least two fiber layers arranged in a cross-section, from a semi-finished roll (1, 10) prefabricated and wetted with matrix material and / or wettable semi-finished and changing the Fiber angle in the fiber or the layers by stretching and / or upsetting on a winding core (2, 11) can be wound. Preferably, the winding core (2, 11) with differential rotational speed to the semifinished product roll (1, 10) can be driven.

Description

The invention relates to a method for producing preferably substantially cylindrical bodies made of a fiber-reinforced semifinished product with at least two arranged crosswise or crossed fiber layers.

With fibers, for example glass, aramid or carbon reinforced thermosetting (polyester, vinyl ester, epoxy) as well as thermoplastics (polymers) have significant advantages over metallic components in many applications in terms of their weight-related strength and rigidity. Therefore, they also find particular application in motor vehicle reinforced applications. However, their production is complex and feasible in most cases automated. In addition, their load capacity is very much dependent on how the fibers are arranged in the plastic composite.

Cylindrical or rotationally symmetrical bodies are usually produced by the storage of fiber-reinforced semifinished products on winding cores. In this case, different winding methods, such as dry winding, wet winding or so-called prepreg winding come into question.

From the DE 10 2006 008 728 B3 For example, a largely automated process for producing a three-dimensional structure from two-dimensional lattices crossing over at defined crossing points is known as reinforcing material. It should be formed by selective application of force at the previously pre-tempered crossing point of the intersecting semi-finished the three-dimensional orientation. This method can be implemented as a continuous flow process, wherein a modification of the angle in the lattice structure and thus a change in the density or the thickness of the three-dimensional structure should be made possible by changing the flow or withdrawal speed of the semifinished products.

From the US 7,374,127 B2 For example, a method and apparatus for making pipelines for liquid from fiber reinforced plastic material is known. In this case, an angular offset in the semi-finished fiber layers due to a longitudinal movement of the winding device during unwinding of the semifinished product to be realized around a core.

The invention is based on the object to provide a method for producing preferably substantially cylindrical bodies of a fiber-reinforced semi-finished, which runs largely fully automated and continuous and thus cost and at the same time the required in terms of load fiber profile (in particular the fiber angle with respect on the matrix material) is adjustable.

The invention solves this problem in that the prefabricated and wetted with matrix material and / or wettable semifinished from a semi-finished roll off and under changing the fiber angle in the fiber or layers by stretching and / or upsetting on a winding core is wound.

A particularly simple and therefore preferred method according to the invention is seen in that the winding core can be driven at a differential rotational speed to the semifinished product roll. However, stretching and / or compression can alternatively also be achieved in that the semifinished product roll and the winding core are each driven and arranged at an angle to one another. It is also conceivable to effect a stretching and / or compression by means of counter-driven roller pairs arranged at an angle to the withdrawal direction of the semifinished product and to the winding core or semifinished product roll.

An expansion and / or upsetting is alternatively also achievable in that in the winding core or within a transport roller which can be arranged between the semifinished product roll and the winding mandrel, displaceable needle grippers which dip into the semifinished product and are arranged in the axial direction are arranged in the axial direction. The axial displacement of the needle grippers can be forcibly controlled e.g. be effected in the receiving rollers / winding core introduced sliding guides.

The matrix material can be wound onto the semifinished roll together with the roving, applied to the semifinished roll or after unwinding from the semifinished roll and before winding onto the winding core.

Preferably, the angle core is driven at a higher speed than the semi-finished roll. As a result, the fiber material of the crossed or crossed fiber layers is stretched, resulting in a constant differential speed to a consistently larger fiber angle and thus an increase in the filing angle of the wound on the winding core material.

Conversely, it is conceivable to drive the winding core at a lower rotational speed than the semifinished product roll, as a result of which a smaller fiber angle can be achieved in the intersecting or crossed fiber layers and thus a reduction of the deposition angle in the winding direction.

It is particularly advantageous if the fiber-reinforced semi-finished product consists of at least two crossed or crossed ones Fiber layers in a network structure and / or fabric structure is arranged.

The winding process can optionally take place at a continuous differential speed, resulting in a uniform and homogeneous structure of the reinforcing fibers in the cylindrical body. Alternatively, the winding process can take place with different and possibly also with differently variable differential speed for producing different thickness or density and different angular arrangement of the fibers. Optionally, process phases can be interspersed, in which the differential rotational speed of semifinished product roll to winding core = 0, so that no or only a negligible fiber angle change takes place.

In order to produce as intimate a connection / fusion as possible between the roving and the plastic matrix material, the inventive method can take place under the influence of temperature along the take-off or winding-up path. It is also conceivable, however, to heat the matrix material only during and / or after winding on the winding core.

The process according to the invention may preferably be used to produce cylindrical bodies, e.g. of waves or similar be applied for use in motor vehicles. Preferably, the method is used for the production of cardan shafts or drive shafts for motor vehicles.

Advantages, features and details of the method according to the invention will become apparent from the following description of exemplary embodiments and with reference to schematic representations thereto in the drawing. The described features and feature combinations, as shown below in the figures of the drawing, and described with reference to the drawing features and feature combinations are not only in the combination, but also in other combinations or in isolation, without affecting the scope of the Is left invention.

• 1 eine schematische Darstellung eines ersten Ausführungsbeispiels des erfinderischen Verfahrens;
• 2 den Faserverlauf beim faserverstärkten Halbzeug auf der Halbzeugrolle nach der Erfindung;
• 3 den Faserverlauf beim faserverstärkten Halbzeug nach dem Aufwickeln auf den Wickelkern;
• 4 schematisch eine alternative Ausführungsform des Verfahrens nach der Erfindung;
• 5 den Faserverlauf beim faserverstärkten Halbzeug auf der Halbzeugrolle nach der Erfindung in der Ausführung nach 4;
• 6 den Faserverlauf beim faserverstärkten Halbzeug nach dem Aufwickeln auf den Wickelkern in der Ausführung nach 4 und
• 7 - 10 schematisch weitere alternative Ausführungsformen zum Gegenstand des Verfahrens nach der Erfindung.

It shows:

• 1 a schematic representation of a first embodiment of the inventive method;
• 2 the fiber profile of the fiber-reinforced semifinished product on the semi-finished roll according to the invention;
• 3 the fiber flow in the fiber-reinforced semifinished product after winding on the winding core;
• 4 schematically an alternative embodiment of the method according to the invention;
• 5 the fiber profile of the fiber-reinforced semi-finished on the semi-finished roll according to the invention in the embodiment according to 4 ;
• 6 the fiber profile of the fiber-reinforced semifinished product after winding on the winding core in the execution 4 and
• 7 - 10 schematically further alternative embodiments of the subject of the method according to the invention.

1 shows in a very simplified, schematic representation of a semi-finished roll 1 , From this semi-finished product roll 1 the so-called roving - in the embodiment of crossed in network or fabric structure and / or crossed arranged fibers or fiber layers - unwound. The roving is in a grid or network structure, wherein the filaments of eg glass, aramid or carbon fibers are preferably arranged in the embodiment in a grid or network structure in which the individual fibers in about at an angle of about 45 degrees and also at an angle of about 45 degrees to the circumference of the semifinished product roll 1 are wound up.

In 2 is the initial arrangement of the fiber flow during roving on the semifinished roll 1 indicated indicated.

This roving in grid or net structure can already be wetted with a matrix material into which the fibers are to be embedded. Suitable matrix materials are duroplastic or thermoplastic plastics, in particular polyamides, polypropylenes or polyethylenes.

It is also conceivable that the matrix material only after the unwinding of the roving of the semi-finished roll 1 applied, for example by spraying or after winding, for example by infiltration is introduced.

The roving is handled by the semifinished product roll 1 preferably by a driven winding core 2 , This winding core 2 becomes in the embodiment after 1 at a higher speed compared to the speed of the semifinished product roll 1 driven. Due to the difference in speed between the hub 2 and semi-finished roll 1 (Embodiments 1 or 4) tension is exerted on the fiber material which expands in consequence. This stretching leads to a reduction in the width of the roving when winding on the winding core 2 and to a change in the fiber arrangement or the fiber profile and the fiber angle. Depending on the height of the differential speed, the crossing angle to the winding axis of the fiber filaments in the network structure can be significantly increased. This will change the angle and thickness of the single layer changed, which can be specifically influenced the properties of the final product - such as bending or torsional stiffness, vibration behavior, etc.

3 shows in contrast to 2 the fiber flow after winding the semifinished product on the winding core 2 if this at a higher speed compared to the semi-finished roll 1 is driven. If necessary. can the expansion of the material by additional devices (see, for example, below 7 to 10 described embodiments)

In 4 an alternative example is shown. From the semifinished product roll 10 is again - as described above - a roving coated with matrix material or rolled to coat. This roving also has a grid structure (see 5 ) with a filament filament course of about 45 degrees (similar to FIG 2 already shown). The individual fibers or fiber layers intersect at an angle of approximately 45 degrees and are also at an angle of approximately 45 degrees to the circumference of the semifinished product roll 1 wound up on this.

In contrast to the example of the method 1 becomes the winding core 11 for the winding of the semifinished material at low speed, as the semifinished material from the semifinished roll 10 is handled. As a result, the slowed transported material is stretched. Opposite the width of the roving on the semi-finished roll 10 the semi-finished material widened on the winding core 11 , At the same time the angle of the fiber arrangement changes (see 6 ), which in turn can affect the properties of the material. Also in this embodiment, if necessary. The expansion of the material by additional devices (see, for example, below reference 7 to 10 described embodiments)

Additionally or alternatively to a higher or lower speed of the winding core 2 respectively. 11 opposite the semifinished product roll 1 respectively. 10 It is conceivable to run the winding process with different or with different variable differential speed. Thus, the structure of the fiber grating and thus the properties of the final product can be influenced.

7 schematically shows an embodiment of the method according to the invention, in which rollers 20, 20.1 and 21, 21.1 for transport and for simultaneous spreading eg (see the transport direction indicated by arrow) of the material are arranged. These rollers 20, 20.1 and 21, 21.1 may be arranged as supporting rollers for carrying out the inventive method in addition to a semifinished product roll and a winding core; but it is also conceivable that semi-finished roll and winding core are arranged even at an angle to each other standing.

8th schematically shows a further possibility for carrying out the method according to the invention, in which between semifinished roll and winding core at an angle to the transport direction of the material and at an angle of about 70 ° to about 110 ° to the axes of semi-finished roll or winding core driven in opposite directions Expansion or compression roller pairs 22 and 23 (only one role shown) for stretching (see the in 8th indicated by arrow transport direction) or upsetting of the material are arranged. These stretch or upsetting roller pairs 22 . 23 are arranged as supporting roles for carrying out the inventive method in addition to a semi-finished roll and a winding core.

In the 9 FIGS. 1, 9.2 and 10 schematically show a further possibility for carrying out the method according to the invention. In a transport role 24 (It may also be the winding core) is at least one slotted guide 30,31 introduced over the upon rotation of the transport roller 24 positively controlled one in the axial direction of the roll 24 taking place transverse displacement of needle grippers 25.1, 25.2, 25.3, 25.4, 25.5, 25.6 arranged in the roller can be effected. With their needles 26.1 to 26.6 these grippers 25 pass through the on the roll 24 transported material (see 10 ) and stretching or upsetting by their transverse movement to Materialtransportrichtung the material structure. Such roles 24 may be arranged as supporting rollers for carrying out the inventive method in addition to a semifinished product roll and a winding core; but it is also conceivable that, for example, the winding core itself is equipped with needle grippers 25.

For those skilled in the art, it is self-evident on the basis of these alternative embodiments that further constructive solutions for carrying out the method are conceivable. So could e.g. Also be brought about by version of the material during transport to the side edges of a stretching or upsetting.

In order to produce the most intimate connection / fusion between the roving and the plastic matrix material, the inventive method can be temperature-induced along the unwinding or winding-up path through the arrangement of heating elements. Alternatively, the matrix material can be subjected to temperature after and / or during winding on the winding core.

The inventive method can be carried out continuously. This is significant Savings and a significant time savings over known methods can be achieved. Due to the variations in the fiber arrangement (fiber angle) and the influence on the matrix material density, the properties of the final product can be varied within wide limits.

The process described above or its design options for the production of shafts in motor vehicle construction are particularly suitable. In particular, the production of cardan shafts or drive shafts comes into consideration. In the continuous production of a shaft from a fiber semifinished product, which is constructed with a network structure with a constant fiber angle, the properties of the end product can be specifically influenced.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Semi-finished roll

10

Semi-finished roll

2

winding core

11

winding core

20.1, 20.2

roll

21.1,21.2

roll

22, 23

Expansion or compression rollers

24

transport roller

25.1 - 25.6

needle grippers

26.1 - 26.6

needles

30.31

link guide

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 102006008728 B3 [0004]
• US 7374127 B2 [0005]

Claims (21)

A process for producing preferably substantially cylindrical bodies from a fiber-reinforced semi-finished product with at least two crossed and / or crossed fiber layers, characterized in that of a semi-finished roll (1, 10) prefabricated and wetted with matrix material and / or wettable semi-finished and off by changing the fiber angle in the or the fiber layers by stretching and / or upsetting on a winding core (2, 11) is wound up. Method according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the winding core (2, 11) with differential rotational speed to the semifinished product roll (1, 10) can be driven. Method according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the semifinished product is stretched and / or compressed by means of an auxiliary device. Method according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the winding core (2, 11) and the semi-finished roll (1, 10) are arranged drivable at an angle to each other. Method according to Claim 1 and / or 3, characterized in that by means of counter-driven, at an angle to the withdrawal direction of the semifinished product arranged expansion or compression roller pairs (22, 23), a stretching or compression is effected. Method according to Claim 1 and / or 3, characterized in that a spreading or compression of the fiber arrangement in the semifinished product by means of a transport roller (24) arranged positively controlled axially displaceable needle gripper (25.1, 25.2, 25.3, 25.4, 25.5, 25.6 ) is feasible. Method according to Claim 1 and / or 3, characterized in that by means in the winding core (2, 11) arranged for the semifinished product spreading or - for compression axially controlled axially displaceable needle gripper (25.1, 25.2, 25.3 25.4, 25.5, 25.6.) To the axis of the winding core (2, 11) ) is feasible. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the semifinished product on the semifinished product roll (1, 10) is wetted with matrix material. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the semi-finished product is wetted with the matrix material after unwinding from the semifinished product roll (1, 10) and before being wound onto the winding core (2, 11). Method according to one of the preceding Claims 1 to 7 , characterized in that the semifinished product is wound on the semifinished product roll (1) wetted with matrix material. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the winding core (2) is driven at a higher speed than the semifinished product roll (1). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the winding core (11) is driven at a lower rotational speed than the semifinished product roll (10). Method according to Claim 2 and / or one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the winding process proceeds at a continuous differential speed. Method according to Claim 2 and / or one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the winding process with different differential speed and / or with the speed difference = 0 expires. Method according to Claim 2 and / or one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the winding process proceeds with continuously variable differential speed. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the winding process takes place along the take-off or winding of the semifinished temperature-loaded. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the matrix material during and / or after winding on the winding core (2, 11) is subjected to temperature. Fiber-reinforced semifinished product for performing the method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fiber-reinforced semifinished product is a roving of crossing or crossed fiber layers arranged in a network and / or fabric structure. A substantially cylindrical body produced by the method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that they are shafts for use in motor vehicles. Propshaft for a motor vehicle, produced by a method according to one of the preceding claims. Drive shaft for a motor vehicle, produced by a method according to one of the preceding claims.

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