DE102016119496A1 - System for detecting a security state - Google Patents

Abstract

A system (200) for detecting a fuse condition of at least one electrical fuse element (20) in a high voltage system of a vehicle (120), comprising: at least one test element (30), the test element (30) being electrically connected to the fuse element (20), a state of the check element (30) is specific to the securing state of the securing element (20),

Description

The present invention relates to a system for detecting a fuse state of at least one electrical fuse element in a high-voltage system of a vehicle.

It is known from the prior art that fuse elements, such as electrical fuses and / or circuit breakers and / or electrical contacts, are provided in a high-voltage circuit in a vehicle. The security elements often have a certain security reference, in particular ensure the security elements safe operation in the high-voltage circuit. The fuse elements are used, for example, to interrupt a circuit of the high-voltage system in the event of a fault, for example. In an overcurrent or the like.

For safety reasons, such security elements are often not directly accessible and can only be achieved by taking precautionary measures. In principle, it must be ensured sufficient isolation of the high-voltage system, in particular of other circuits of the vehicle, such as the electrical system, and / or the vehicle body. Monitoring the security elements is therefore difficult and technically complicated.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to at least partially overcome the disadvantages described above. In particular, it is an object to enable an improved and / or technically simpler and / or safer monitoring of at least one securing element in a high-voltage system.

The above object is achieved by a system having the features of claim 1. Further features and details of the invention will become apparent from the respective dependent claims, the description and the drawings.

The object is achieved in particular by a system for detecting a securing state of at least one electrical fuse element, in particular in a high-voltage system, in particular high-voltage network, preferably a vehicle.

For example. is the fuse element an electrical component and / or an electrical arrangement and / or at least one electrical contact and / or at least one electrical conductor and / or an electrical or electronic switch and / or at least one electrical component and / or an integrated circuit and / or an overcurrent protection device, in particular an electrical or electronic fuse, and / or the like of the high-voltage system. Preferably, the securing element comprises, in particular as an electrical arrangement, at least one electrical component and / or at least one electrical contact and / or at least one electrical conductor and / or at least one electrical or electronic switch and / or at least one electrical component and / or at least an integrated circuit and / or an overcurrent protection device. For example. the fuse element can be designed as a fuse. Preferably, the fuse element is designed to automatically interrupt a circuit (in particular a first circuit), in particular when a predetermined condition occurs, for example an overcurrent. In particular, there is then a certain securing state to be detected, preferably an interrupted state of the securing element.

• - wenigstens ein (bspw. elektrisches und/oder optoelektronisches) Prüfelement, wobei vorzugsweise das Prüfelement elektrisch (insbesondere direkt und/oder unmittelbar) mit dem Sicherungselement verbunden ist, sodass ein Zustand des Prüfelements für den Sicherungszustand des Sicherungselements spezifisch ist, insbesondere davon abhängig ist,
• - wenigstens ein (bspw. elektrisches und/oder optoelektronisches) Erfassungselement zur Erfassung des Zustands des Prüfelements.

The system according to the invention preferably comprises at least one of the following elements:

• - At least one (for example, electrical and / or optoelectronic) test element, preferably the test element is electrically (in particular directly and / or directly) connected to the fuse element, so that a state of the test element for the securing state of the fuse element is specific, in particular dependent .
• - At least one (for example, electrical and / or optoelectronic) detection element for detecting the state of the test element.

In particular, it is provided here that the test element is electrically and / or magnetically decoupled from the detection element, preferably galvanically separated, so that the state of the test element is electrically and / or magnetically decoupled (in particular electrically isolated) detectable by the detection element, whereby the securing state of the fuse element (electrically and / or magnetically decoupled, ie in particular galvanically isolated) is detected.

In particular, in this way, the fuse element electrically and / or magnetically decoupled monitored, so that a particularly reliable and structurally simple insulation between the high-voltage system and the detection element is possible. The electrical and / or magnetic decoupling has the advantage that sufficient insulation of the high-voltage system is ensured. At the same time the required Beschaltungsaufwand can be minimized. In particular, the electrical and / or magnetic decoupling is achieved in that an optical and / or capacitive and / or Transformative coupling between the test element and the detection element is performed, for example. By an optical signal transmission. The monitoring of the fuses can thereby enable the localization of a fault location, and in particular support the repair. In particular, at least the test element and the detection element form a monitoring device in order to monitor the securing element and / or the high-voltage system on the basis of the detection of the securing state of the safety element. For example. For this purpose, an interrupted fuse element is detected when the detection element supplies a specific electrical signal.

It is also conceivable that, alternatively or additionally, a high-impedance coupling is provided between the or a further monitoring device and the securing element. This can be done, for example, by carrying out voltage measurements on the fuse elements via a high-resistance resistor. In particular, a body of the vehicle can serve as a reference point. The high-impedance coupling ensures the necessary isolation of the high-voltage system, in particular to the vehicle body. By the voltage measurements then takes place an indirect detection of the securing state of the fuse element, whereas it may be possible by the detection element (and the test element) that a direct detection of the securing state, and thus direct examination of the fuse element is performed.

Preferably, it is provided that a direct detection of the securing state of the securing element and / or a direct examination of the securing element is carried out on the basis of the detection of the detection element. This is made possible, for example, by the state of the test element being directly dependent on a current flow and / or an interrupted (open) fuse element. In other words, it can be checked directly by the test element, if the fuse element has opened and / or interrupted the fuse current path and / or is faulty.

Preferably, the vehicle is designed as a motor vehicle and / or passenger vehicle and / or electric vehicle and / or hybrid vehicle. In particular, the vehicle comprises the high-voltage system, and moreover preferably also a vehicle electrical system, in particular low-voltage on-board electrical system. For example. In the high-voltage system, electrical components are operated with high electrical voltages which are greater than the electrical voltage of the low-voltage on-board electrical system. For example. In the high-voltage system, electrical voltages (high-voltage voltages) are provided which may be above 60 V (volts) or above 100 V or above 400 V or above 800 V. In particular, the high-voltage voltages are used for operating high-voltage electrical components of the high-voltage system. In particular, the high-voltage system comprises a plurality of high-voltage components, such as, for example, an electric motor or an inverter or a DC-DC converter or a battery or a charging device. Preferably, the further electrical system, in particular the low-voltage electrical system, is designed as a 12 V electrical system.

It may preferably be provided in the context of the invention that the test element and the detection element are designed as a common component, preferably as an optocoupler, so that preferably the test element as a transmitting element and the detection element are designed as a receiver element of the common component, in particular optically and / or transformatively transmit a signal which is specific to the state of the test element. For example. the common component may be an electronic (in particular optoelectronic) component and / or component. Preferably, the test element and the detection element are accommodated in a common housing. In particular, the test element and the detection element are completely surrounded by the housing such that only electrical leads and / or connections of the test element and / or detection element lead out of the housing. This has the advantage that a structurally simple construction is possible, and also the necessary space can be reduced.

In a further possibility, it can be provided that the test element in a first circuit, in particular the high-voltage system, and the detection element in a second circuit, in particular the (low-voltage) electrical system of the vehicle is integrated, wherein preferably the first circuit completely galvanically isolated from second circuit is formed. This has the advantage that the monitoring can be done with sufficient isolation of the high-voltage system to ensure safety during operation and maintenance of the vehicle.

According to a further possibility, it can be provided that the test element is designed as a transmitting element to transmit a signal to the sensing element as a receiver element, depending on the securing state of the fuse element, in particular in the case of an interrupted fuse element, wherein preferably the transmission of the signal is electrical and / or or magnetically decoupled and / or galvanically isolated, preferably optically or capacitively or mechanically or inductively, takes place.

For example. It may be possible that in the interrupted fuse element, a current path in which the fuse element is integrated, is interrupted by the fuse element, so that, for example, a current flow through the test element takes place. This allows easy monitoring of the state of the fuse element.

It may be advantageous if, in the context of the invention, the test element comprises at least one electrically activatable luminous means, preferably at least one light-emitting diode or laser diode or the like, in particular in order to generate a signal to be transmitted, in particular optical. Accordingly, it can be provided that the detection element is designed as a phototransistor or a photodiode or the like in order to convert the optical signal into an electrical signal. As a result, the necessary insulation of the high-voltage system can be made particularly cost-effective.

In a further possibility, it can be provided that the test element comprises at least or exactly two lamps, which are in particular connected in anti-parallel to each other, so that preferably the securing state of the fuse element for different current flow directions can be detected. This allows a particularly reliable monitoring, since the detection can take place under different conditions.

Advantageously, it can be provided in the context of the invention that the test element, preferably at least one lamp of the test element, is connected directly parallel to the fuse element, so that in particular the test element forms an alternative current path to the fuse element, so preferably at a break in the fuse element, a significant current flow through the Test element takes place and / or the light source can be activated. For example. the current flow is then significant, if based on the detection of the detection element, an interrupted fuse element can be detected. This can be a structurally simple and therefore inexpensive and reliable monitoring can be provided.

Furthermore, it can be provided in the context of the invention that at least two fuse elements are provided, wherein preferably each of the fuse elements is electrically connected to a respective test element and / or is monitored by a respective detection element to perform a detection of the respective fuse states. For example. For example, it may be possible for each of the fuse elements to comprise a monitoring device, i. H. in each case a test element and a detection element, are provided. In addition, advantageously further securing elements can be provided with further monitoring devices in order to further increase safety.

Optionally, it can be provided that the test element is connected to the high-voltage system as a first circuit and the detection element with a (low-voltage) electrical system and / or a body of the vehicle as a second circuit, preferably the body is a reference point for detection by forms the detection element. This allows reliable monitoring.

Advantageously, it can be provided in the context of the invention that the at least one fuse element is integrated in a current path between a drive element of the vehicle, in particular an electric motor, and a high-voltage battery of the vehicle, so that the electrical connection between the drive element and the high-voltage battery can be interrupted by the securing element , Preferably, it is possible that even with an interruption of a further connection between the fuse element and the high-voltage battery, the detection of the securing state of the securing element can be carried out. For example. For this purpose, it is sufficient that a charging voltage is applied to the fuse element in order to carry out the detection of the fuse state. In other words, it is not necessarily required that current flow in a certain direction through the test element to perform the detection, so that the reliability of the monitoring can be further increased.

• 1 eine schematische Ansicht eines Fahrzeuges,
• 2 eine schematische Darstellung von Teilen eines erfindungsgemäßen Systems,
• 3 eine weitere schematische Darstellung von Teilen eines erfindungsgemäßen Systems.

Reference to the accompanying drawings, the invention is explained in more detail below. The features mentioned in the claims and in the description may each be essential to the invention individually or in any desired combination. Show it:

• 1 a schematic view of a vehicle,
• 2 a schematic representation of parts of a system according to the invention,
• 3 a further schematic representation of parts of a system according to the invention.

In the following figures, the identical reference numerals are used for the same technical features of different embodiments.

In 1 is schematically a vehicle 120 which is a system according to the invention 200 having. In particular, therefore, the vehicle includes a high-voltage system with a high-voltage battery 130 and / or an electric drive element 100 , For example, an electric motor, and / or other high-voltage components.

2 schematically shows the system according to the invention 200 of the vehicle 120 , It can be seen that an electric drive element 100 electrically with further high-voltage components, in particular a high-voltage battery 130 and a charging device for providing a charging voltage Uc , connected is. In particular, this electrical connection forms at least partially a first circuit 1 , which by at least one securing element 20 can be interrupted. The circuit 1 may further comprise further components, in particular high-voltage components. For example only further resistances (a first resistance R1 , a second resistance R2 and a third resistance R3 ) and a first switching element 210 and a second switching element 220 shown. The first and second switching element 210 . 220 are, for example, designed as a relay to connect to the high-voltage battery 130 to interrupt.

Furthermore, to connect the charging voltage Uc with the high-voltage system, for example, a first connection element 110 provided, in particular an electrical connection means such as a plug or the like. For connecting the drive element 100 with the high-voltage system is, for example, a second connection element 115 as well as a DC link capacitor C intended. In particular, by the DC link capacitor C can in case of failure with interrupted fuse element 20 Voltages are provided, which usually include detection of a fuse state of the fuse element 20 difficult.

For improved monitoring of the fuse element 20 is therefore at least one monitoring device 10 intended. So can a first monitoring device 11 for detecting a (first) securing state of a first securing element F1 be provided and a second monitoring device 12 for detecting a (second) securing state of a second securing element F2 be provided.

In 3 schematically more details of the monitoring devices 10 shown. It can be seen that each of the monitoring devices 10 a test element 30 and a detection element 40 has, which are electrically and / or magnetically decoupled from each other, for example, are electrically isolated. This is, for example, made possible by the fact that only an optical (and therefore no electrical) signal transmission between the test element 30 (For example, as a light emitting diode) and the detection element 40 (For example, as a phototransistor) takes place.

In particular, the respective monitoring devices 10 , in particular respective detection elements 40 , each electrically with a power supply Vcc , in particular supply voltage, and a reference point 140 , in particular the vehicle mass and / or vehicle body connected. In other words, the detection elements 40 each in a low-voltage electrical system (and / or second circuit 2 ) of the vehicle 120 integrated. This requires sufficient isolation of the high-voltage system compared to the low-voltage on-board electrical system, ie in particular a second circuit 2 , The sufficient insulation is ensured by the decoupling, which between the test element 30 and the detection element 40 is present.

Another advantage of using the monitoring device 10 according to 2 and 3 results from the fact that even with an interrupted connection by the first switching element 210 and / or by the second switching element 220 the fuse switching state of the fuse elements 20 is detectable. In particular, even at different current directions through the test element 30 the fuse state to the detection element 40 be transmitted. In other words, a charging voltage Uc sufficient to capture the backup state. This is achieved, in particular, by an antiparallel (and / or antipole) interconnection of at least two light sources in the test element 30 guaranteed. This is exemplified in 3 illustrated, wherein a first light source 31 is activated at a first current direction, and a second light source 32 is activated at a second current direction, wherein the first and second current direction differ from each other. In this way can reliably a broken fuse element 20 , ie in particular an interruption of a fuse current path 3 to be detected.

The above explanation of the embodiments describes the present invention solely by way of example. Of course, individual features of the embodiments, if technically feasible, can be combined freely with one another, without departing from the scope of the present invention.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

first circuit

2

second circuit

3

Fuse current path

10

Monitoring device, common component

11

first monitoring device

12

second monitoring device

20

fuse element

30

A probe

31

Illuminant, first light source

32

second light source

40

sensing element

100

Drive element, engine

110

first connection element

115

second connection element

120

vehicle

130

High-voltage battery

140

reference point

200

system

210

first switching element

220

second switching element

C

Link capacitor

F1

first fuse element

F2

second fuse element

R1

first resistance

R2

second resistance

R3

third resistance

Uc

charging voltage

Vcc

Power supply, supply voltage

Claims (10)

A system (200) for detecting a fuse state of at least one electrical fuse element (20) in a high voltage system of a vehicle (120), comprising: - At least one test element (30), wherein the test element (30) is electrically connected to the securing element (20), so that a state of the test element (30) for the securing state of the securing element (20) is specific - At least one detection element (40) for detecting the state of the test element (30), wherein the test element (30) from the detection element (40) is electrically and / or magnetically decoupled, so that the state of the test element (30) electrically and / or magnetically decoupled by the detection element (40) can be detected, whereby the securing state of the securing element (20) can be detected. System (200) after Claim 1 , characterized in that the test element (30) and the detection element (40) are formed as a common component (10), so that the test element (30) as a transmitting element and the detection element (40) as a receiver element of the common component (10) are formed to optically transmit a signal which is specific to the state of the test element (30). System (200) after Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the test element (30) in a first circuit (1) and the detection element (40) in a second circuit (2) is integrated, wherein the first circuit (1) completely galvanically separated from the second circuit (2) is. System (200) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the test element (30) is designed as a transmitting element to, depending on the securing state of the fuse element (20), in particular in a broken fuse element (20), a signal to the detection element (40) to be transmitted as a receiver element, wherein the transmission of the signal electrically and / or magnetically decoupled and / or galvanically isolated, preferably optically or capacitively or mechanically or inductively, takes place. System (200) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the test element (30) comprises at least one electrically activatable light-emitting means (31), preferably at least one light-emitting diode, in particular in order to generate a signal to be transmitted. System (200) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the test element (30) at least or exactly two lamps (31) which are connected in anti-parallel to each other, so that the securing state of the fuse element (20) for different current flow directions can be detected. System (200) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the test element (30), preferably at least one lamp (31) of the test element (30) is connected directly parallel to the fuse element (20), so that the test element (30) has a forms an alternative current path to the fuse element (20), so that preferably at an interruption of the fuse element (20), a significant current flow through the test element (30) and / or the lighting means (31) can be activated. System (200) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least two securing elements (20) are provided, wherein each of the securing elements (20) is electrically connected to a respective test element (30) and / or of a respective detection element (40) is monitored to perform a detection of the respective fuse states. System (200) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the test element (30) with the high-voltage system as a first circuit (1) and the detection element (40) with an electrical system and / or a body of the vehicle (120) as a second circuit (2) is connected, wherein preferably the body forms a reference point (140) for detection by the detection element (40). System (200) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one securing element (20) in a current path between a drive element (100) of the vehicle (120), in particular an electric motor, and a high-voltage battery (130) of the vehicle (120 ) is integrated, so that by the securing element (20), the electrical connection between the drive element (100) and the high-voltage battery (130) is interruptible.

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