DE102016114848A1 - Method for the generative production of a three-dimensional object - Google Patents

Abstract

Method for the generative production of a three-dimensional object (2) by layerwise selective solidification of a solidifiable powdery building material (3) by means of an energy beam (5) generated by a radiation generating device (4), wherein in the context of the generative production of the three-dimensional object in at least one unexposed inner At least one information carrier is arranged in the section of the three-dimensional object (2), in which object information describing at least one object parameter relating to the three-dimensional object (2) and / or at least one device (1) used in the generative production of the three-dimensional object (2) ) device information describing device parameters for performing the method and / or a functional component of device device and / or at least one device information in the context of carrying out the generative production of the device applied to the process object descriptive process information and / or at least one user user parameter descriptive user information is stored.

Description

The invention relates to a method for the generative production of a three-dimensional object.

Methods for the generative production of three-dimensional objects are basically known. In the case of such methods, a three-dimensional object to be produced is successively generatively constructed by layer-wise selective solidification of a solidifiable pulverulent building material in respective cross-sectional areas of the object to be produced by means of an energy beam generated by a radiation generating device. The selective layerwise solidification of the solidifiable powdery building material is based on the geometric shape, d. H. In particular, the layer-related cross-sectional geometries of the three-dimensional object to be produced descriptive Baudaten.

For three-dimensional objects which are used as technical components, such as in connection with safety controls and / or quality controls, certain knowledge, such. B. on the technical component and / or the manufacturing process of the technical component required. Specifically, in connection with safety controls z. B. Knowledge of whether the technical component is an original or an improperly copied technical component may be required.

The state of the art provides for this not completely satisfactory, but to be improved solutions.

The invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a contrast improved method for producing a three-dimensional object. The method generally serves to generatively produce at least one three-dimensional object, i. H. typically a technical component or a technical component group, by layer-wise selective solidification of at least one solidifiable powder-like building material by means of at least one energy beam generated by at least one radiation generating device.

The layer-wise selective solidification of the solidifiable powdery or powdery building material is based on building data. Corresponding Baudaten generally describe the geometric or geometric-constructive shape of each generatively produced three-dimensional object (hereinafter abbreviated as object).

What is essential about the method is that, in the context of the generative production of the object, at least one information carrier is arranged in at least one non-exposed inner section of the object. The information carrier arranged inside the object is therefore completely surrounded by these surrounding inner sections of the object. In other words, as part of the generative production of the object, at least one information carrier is integrated into the object.

The information carrier is due to its arrangement in a non-exposed inner portion of the object captive, d. H. typically also unsolvable (apart from damage or destruction of the object) connected to the object. The information carrier is surrounded by the surrounding portions of the object from outside, d. H. z. As chemical and / or mechanical and / or climatic, influences protected. The information carrier is not accessible from the outside, possibly not recognizable. The information carrier can therefore, if recognized, not willfully damaged or manipulated.

The arrangement, d. H. the positioning and orientation of the information carrier is carried out as part of the generative production of the object typically via a handling device, d. H. z. B. a robot, which for handling the information carrier, d. H. in particular for positioning and alignment of the information carrier at a location provided for this purpose, is set up.

In the information carrier, which for the (at least temporary) deposit of information can typically comprise a suitable information memory (data memory), certain information (data) is stored, which direct or indirect information about the object and / or to the generative manufacturing process of Concern object. About the information stored in the information carrier or deposited information can be the object and / or the generative manufacturing process of the object sonach directly, z. B. via a specific object parameter of the object, or indirectly, for. B. via a specific process parameters in the context of the generative production of the object and / or a specific device parameters of the device used for the generative production of the object identify.

The corresponding information which can be stored or stored in the information carrier is object information and / or process information and / or device information and / or user information whose respective content is explained in more detail below by way of example.

Object information describes at least one object parameter relating to the object to be produced or produced. Corresponding object parameters can be used to describe individual, several or all characteristics of the object. Via corresponding object parameters or descriptive object information, an object can be identified.

Object parameters can, for. B. be the geometrical-constructive dimensions of the object or at least one object section. Under geometric-constructive dimensions are the physical-spatial manifestations, d. H. in particular also to understand the shape, the object or at least one object section. Object parameters may alternatively or additionally include chemical and / or physical, d. H. z. B. electrical and / or thermal and / or mechanical properties of the object or at least one object section. A chemical property is z. B. a corrosion resistance of the object or at least one object section. Electrical or thermal properties are z. B. an electrical and / or thermal conductivity and / or a heat capacity of the object or at least one object section. Mechanical properties are z. B. a strength (sverteilung) and / or a density (distribution) and / or a hardness (distribution) and / or a certain surface finish (roughness) of the object or at least one object section.

Object parameters can also be a chemical and / or physical, d. H. z. B. electrical and / or thermal and / or mechanical, property of a generative production of the object or at least one object section used powdered building material. The above remarks on chemical or physical properties of the object or object parameters describing at least one object section apply analogously. Physical properties of a powdered building material may also include characteristics of the powdered building material, i. H. z. B. Powder grain size (distribution), powder grain shape (distribution), etc., be, which accordingly also can be object parameters. Further alternatively or additionally, object parameters may be a date of manufacture of the object and / or an intended use of the object with regard to a predeterminable or predetermined area of use of the object. An object information can therefore via appropriate object parameters z. B. describe when an object was made, so that an age of the object is determinable, or for which, for. B. technical, use an object, if necessary, exclusively to use.

Device information describes at least one device (system) used for the generative production of the object for performing the method and / or, since a corresponding device typically comprises a plurality of specific functions in the context of the generative production of the object taking over functional components, a functional component of such a device relevant device parameters. By means of corresponding device parameters, it is thus possible to describe individual, several or all characteristics of the device used for producing the object or of individual, several or all functional components of the device. By means of corresponding device parameters or descriptive device information, the object and / or the generative production process of the object can be identified.

In a corresponding device for the generative production of an object, it may, for. Example, a device for performing selective laser sintering, short SLS device, or a device for performing selective laser melting, short SLM device act.

Device parameters may be a date of manufacture of a device used for the generative production of the object and / or one of its associated functional components. Alternatively or additionally, device parameters may be of a type, e.g. B. a series, generally a technical specification, a device used for generative production of the object or one of these associated functional component. Further alternatively or additionally, device parameters may be a repair and / or maintenance of a device used for the generative production of the object or of a function component associated therewith. A device information can therefore via appropriate device parameters z. B. describe when and / or to what extent and / or what repair or maintenance personnel a device or one of these associated functional component of a repair or maintenance has been subjected.

Process information describes at least one process parameter used in the context of the generative production of the object. Corresponding process parameters can be used to describe individual, several or all characteristics of the process for the generative production of an object. Also via corresponding process parameters or descriptive process information can be the object and / or the identify the additive manufacturing process of the object.

Process parameters can be an irradiation parameter, in particular an intensity (s-distribution) and / or a power (s-distribution) and / or a focusing, of or an energy beam used to solidify the pulverulent building material. Alternatively or additionally, process parameters may be pre-tempering parameters in connection with a pre-tempering of pulverulent building material to be consolidated and / or post-tempering parameters in connection with a night temperature control of the manufactured object. As an alternative or in addition, process parameters can be coating parameters, ie. H. z. B. a layer thickness (nverteilung) and / or a coating speed, in connection with a layered application of powdered building material on a building level or an already solidified construction material layer. As an alternative or in addition, process parameters can be inert gas parameters, ie. H. z. As a shielding gas, a protective gas flow (sverteilung), etc., be in connection with a protective gas atmosphere and / or a protective gas flow within a construction and / or process chamber of a device for performing the method.

User information describes one or more user parameters relating to at least one user of the method for producing the object. By means of corresponding user parameters, individual, multiple or all characteristics of a user of the method for the generative production of an object can be described. The object and / or the generative production process of the object can also be identified via corresponding user parameters or descriptive user information.

User parameters may include an indication of a manufacturer, i. H. be a manufacturing company, the object. Alternatively or additionally, user parameters may include an indication of a user actually entrusted with performing the generative production of the object, i. H. z. B. be a training and / or experience of the user in connection with the implementation of methods for the generative production of three-dimensional objects. A user can be an employee of or a corresponding manufacturer or manufacturing company.

The above enumeration of respective object, process, device and / or user parameters is to be understood as exemplary and not exhaustive.

It was mentioned above that a device for the generative production of an object can be an SLS device or an SLM device. It follows that the method is a selective laser sintering process, in short SLS process, for performing selective laser sintering processes for the generative production of three-dimensional objects or a selective laser melting process, short SLM process for performing selective laser melting processes for the generative production of three-dimensional objects For example, the method may implement an SLS method or an SLM method. In an energy beam used to solidify powdery building material used in the process, it may be correspondingly electromagnetic radiation, d. H. in particular a laser beam, in short a laser act. A radiation generating device used in the method may then be a laser generating device for generating a laser beam.

Of course, in the context of the method, instead of electromagnetic radiation, it is also possible to use electron or particle radiation for solidifying pulverulent building material. A radiation generating device used in the method is then an electron or particle generating device for generating an electron or particle beam.

In a solidified powdery building material used in the process, it may, for. B. to a verfestigbares by means of a corresponding energy beam metal powder (mixture) and / or about a means of a corresponding energy beam solidifiable plastic powder (mixture) and / or act through a means of a corresponding energy beam solidifiable ceramic powder (mixture).

A corresponding information carrier may comprise a communication device which for transmitting object information stored in the information carrier and / or process information and / or device information and / or user information to at least one communication partner and / or for receiving in the information carrier to be deposited object information and / or process information and / or device information and / or user information is set up by at least one communication partner. Basically, any type of contact or wireless communication connection comes into question for sending or receiving.

Preferably, the communication device is designed as an RFID device or comprises at least one such. An RFID device is or comprises a so-called RFID transponder or RFID tag. The sending and receiving of stored in the information carrier object information and / or process information and / or device information and / or user information is based on electromagnetic waves, ie in particular radio waves, which allows a non-contact communication, in particular for the purpose of identifying objects. The use of RFID devices is particularly advantageous, as RFID devices are available in very small dimensions, so that they can be easily integrated into a generatively produced object.

The known principle of RFID communication is essentially based on the fact that a reader ("Reader") or a combined read / write device generates an electromagnetic field into which the RFID transponder is introduced. The of the RFID transponder, z. B. via an antenna, recorded high-frequency energy, if the RFID transponder does not have its own energy source, eg. B. in the form of a battery, during the communication process serve as a power supply for the RFID transponder, so that the RFID transponder is transferred by the high-frequency energy in an active state. The then activated RFID transponder decrypts information sent by the reader and generates response information in the electromagnetic field z. B. by field weakening of the electromagnetic field. Thus, the RFID transponder "transmits" different information stored in this information to the reader. Thus, the RFID transponder typically does not generate a field itself but affects the electromagnetic field generated by a reader.

A corresponding information carrier may also comprise an identification fluid, in particular organic, whose proportional or chemical composition is selected as a function of the content of an object information to be stored in the information carrier and / or process information and / or device information and / or user information. Such identification fluids, which are typically contained in a suitable container, may have a certain information content about their proportion or chemical composition, i. H. Object information and / or process information and / or device information and / or user information. The information content of an identification fluid can therefore be determined by determining its proportionate or chemical composition. The determination of the proportionate or chemical composition of an identification fluid can contact, z. B. via UV radiation. Corresponding identification fluids include, for. B. oligonucleotides, which can be produced in individual individually different batches.

Below are described by way of example different arrangement options of information carriers in a generatively produced object.

The or generally at least one information carrier can be arranged in a cavity formed in the object as part of the generative production of the object, wherein the cavity is dimensioned with respect to the geometric-constructional dimensions of the information carrier such that the information carrier can be arranged precisely in the cavity , Consequently, in the context of the generative production of the object in the object, a cavity, generally a receiving space for receiving at least one information carrier, can be formed. In the context of the generative production of the object, such a cavity can be readily adapted in terms of its geometric-constructional dimensions to the geometrical-constructional dimensions of the information carrier to be arranged in the latter, so that the information carrier can be arranged immovably in the cavity. In this embodiment, the information carrier is surrounded directly by the cavity bounding (solidified) object sections.

The or at least one information carrier can furthermore be arranged in a cavity formed in the object in the context of the generative production of the object, wherein the cavity is dimensioned such that it has an oversize in view of the geometric-constructional dimensions of the information carrier. Also in this embodiment, in the context of the generative production of the object in the object, a cavity, generally a receiving space for receiving at least one information carrier, is formed. The cavity is, however, formed with an oversize in view of the geometrical-constructive dimensions of the information carrier to be accommodated in this, so that there are gaps between the information carrier and the object sections delimiting the cavity. The intermediate spaces existing between the information carrier and the cavity bounding the object sections are typically filled with partially solidified or non-solidified powdered building material, so that the information carrier is also arranged immovably in the cavity here. In this embodiment, the information carrier is partially solidified or unconsolidated powdery building material and thus not directly surrounded by the cavity bounding (solidified) object sections.

Furthermore, the or at least one information carrier can be arranged in a cavity formed in the object as part of the generative production of the object, wherein at least one predetermined breaking point is formed as part of the generative production of the object, which forms an access possibility to the information carrier arranged in the cavity or offers. Due to the targeted formation of a corresponding predetermined breaking point, which by a, z. B. by a suitable reduction in wall thickness realized, (mechanical) attenuation of the object can be formed, a comparatively simple examination of the object in terms of the integration of appropriate information carrier is possible. Of course, corresponding predetermined breaking points, which are also to be understood as breaking areas, are designed with respect to their mechanical properties not relevant object areas, so that the structural integrity or stability of the object is not or hardly affected despite the presence of corresponding predetermined breaking points. A corresponding predetermined breaking point can be structurally designed so that it can be damaged with comparatively little force, possibly even by hand, in such a way that access to the information carrier arranged in the cavity is provided.

It is also conceivable for the or at least one information carrier to be arranged in a cavity formed in the object as part of the generative production of the object, wherein at least one hinge element, in particular a film hinge, is additionally formed as part of the generative production of the object Access to the arranged in the cavity information carrier forms or offers. About the typically between a closed position, in which there is no accessibility into the cavity, and an open position, in which an access possibility is given in the cavity, movable, in particular pivotable, hinge element, is a simple and one, such as with respect to an exchange an information carrier, practicable accessibility given in the cavity. The Z. B. flap-like or -shaped, hinge element can in the closed position by suitable, also formed in the context of the generative production of the object holding elements, such. B. latching and / or snap elements, be supported against unwanted opening or secured.

In order to ensure a correct readout of the information stored in the information carrier or a correct description of the information to be stored in a (writable) information carrier, a corresponding cavity is advantageously formed below a surface describing the surface contour of the object. A corresponding cavity can, for. B. a few millimeters below a surface contour of the object (with) descriptive surface portion are formed. In connection with corresponding predetermined breaking points as well as in connection with corresponding hinge elements, the formation of a corresponding cavity below a surface contour of the object describing the surface simplifies easy access to or to the cavity or the information carrier arranged therein.

The invention further relates to a three-dimensional object, which is produced according to the method described above. All explanations in connection with the method apply analogously to the three-dimensional object.

The invention further relates to an apparatus for carrying out the method described above. All embodiments in connection with the method apply analogously to the device.

In addition, the invention relates to a method for identifying a generatively produced three-dimensional object, in particular of an object produced according to the described method, wherein in generative production of the object in at least one non-exposed inner portion of the three-dimensional object at least one information carrier is arranged, in which a corresponding object information and / or corresponding device information and / or corresponding process information and / or corresponding user information is stored. The method is characterized by the steps of providing a corresponding object and reading out the object information stored in the information carrier and / or process information and / or device information and / or user information for identifying the object. The identification of the object can be carried out in particular via an RFID communication between the information carrier and a suitable RFID reader or via a determination of the proportionate or chemical composition of a corresponding identification fluid.

The invention is explained in more detail with reference to embodiments in the drawing figures. Showing:

1 a schematic representation of an apparatus for performing a method according to an embodiment of the invention;

2 a schematic representation of a generated by means of a method according to an embodiment of the invention generatively produced three-dimensional object during its production; and

3 a schematic representation of a generated by means of a method according to an embodiment of the invention generatively produced three-dimensional object after its production.

1 shows a schematic diagram of a device 1 for performing a method according to an embodiment of the invention. The device 1 and thus the process practicable therewith generally serves to generatively produce a three-dimensional object 2 , ie typically a technical component or a technical component group, by layer-wise selective solidification of a solidifiable powdery building material 3 by means of one of a radiation generator 4 generated energy beam 5 ,

The layerwise selective solidification of the solidifiable building material 3 occurs such that the of the radiation generating device 4 generated energy beam 5 via a basically optional beam deflection device 6 targeted to specific to be consolidated, each layer-related cross-sectional geometries of the object to be produced 2 corresponding areas of a means of a, as indicated by the horizontally oriented arrow, movably mounted coating device 7 formed building material layer in a construction or process chamber 8th the device 1 is steered.

The layerwise selective solidification of the solidifiable building material 3 and hence the generative structure of the object 2 takes place on a support device 13 with a support movably mounted in the vertical direction 14 , The carrier 14 is z. B. relative to the radiation generating device 4 movably mounted.

In the case of the energy beam used in the process 5 it is electromagnetic radiation, ie a laser beam, in short a laser. In the case of the radiation generating device used in the process 4 it is therefore a laser generating device for generating a laser beam. The method can therefore be a selective laser sintering method, in short SLS method, for performing selective laser sintering processes for the generative production of three-dimensional objects 2 or a selective laser melting process, in short SLM process, for performing selective laser melting processes for the generative production of three-dimensional objects 2 be.

In a solidified powdery building material used in the process 3 can it be z. B. by a means of a corresponding energy beam 5 solidifiable metal powder (mixture), ie, for example, to an aluminum or stainless steel powder, and / or to a by means of a corresponding energy beam solidifiable plastic powder (mixture), ie, for example, a polyetheretherketone powder act.

Of course, the device 1 in addition to the above-mentioned functional components, ie the radiation generating device 4 , the optional beam deflector 6 and the coating device 7 Further, as not essential for the explanation of the principle described herein, functional components (not shown) which are typically necessary or expedient for carrying out generative building processes.

The layerwise selective solidification of the solidifiable powdery building material 3 is based on building data. The construction data generally describe the geometric or geometrical-constructive shape of the respective object to be produced generatively 2 ,

Essential to the procedure is that within the framework of the generative production of the object 2 in at least one uncovered inner portion of the object 2 an information carrier 8th is arranged. The inside of the object 2 arranged information carrier 8th is thus from these surrounding inner sections of the object 2 completely surrounded. In other words, the information carrier 8th as part of the generative production of the object 2 in the object 2 integrated.

The information carrier 8th is due to its arrangement in a non-exposed inner portion of the object 2 captive, ie typically (apart from damage or destruction of the object) insoluble with the object 2 connected. The information carrier 8th is through the surrounding sections of the object 2 protected from outside, ie, for example, chemical and / or mechanical and / or climatic, influences and not accessible from the outside, possibly also not recognizable. The information carrier 8th can therefore not be deliberately damaged or manipulated, as far as recognized.

The arrangement, ie the positioning and orientation of the information carrier 8th takes place as part of the generative production of the object typically via a handling device, ie, for example, a in 2 merely indicated multi-axis robot 9 , which for handling the information carrier 8th , ie in particular for Positioning and orientation of the information carrier 8th at a designated location, is set up.

Based on the section views through the object 2 while ( 2 ) or after ( 3 ) of its generative production 2 . 3 it can be seen that the information carrier 8th in one as part of the generative production of the object 2 in the object 2 trained cavity 10 is arranged ( 2 ) or was ( 3 ). The cavity 10 is dimensioned such that it with respect to the geometrical-constructional dimensions of the information carrier 8th has an excess, so that between the information carrier 8th and the cavity 10 delimiting object sections exist gaps. The interspaces are with partially consolidated or unconsolidated powdery building material 3 filled, so the information carrier 8th immovable in the cavity 10 is arranged. The information carrier is of partially solidified or non-solidified powdery building material 3 surround.

Alternatively, it would also be conceivable, the or another information carrier 8th in one as part of the generative production of the object 2 in the object 2 trained cavity 10 to arrange, with the cavity 10 in view of the geometric-constructive dimensions of the information carrier 8th such that the information carrier 8th precisely fitting in the cavity 10 can be arranged. A cavity 10 can be part of the generative production of the object 2 be adapted in their geometric-constructive dimensions readily to the geometric-constructive dimensions of the information carrier to be arranged in this, so that the information carrier 8th immovable in the cavity 10 can be arranged. The information carrier 8th would be directly from the cavity 10 surrounded by bounding (solidified) object sections.

To a correct reading of in the information carrier 8th deposited information or a correct description of the in a (writable) information carrier 8th To ensure information to be deposited, the cavity 10 in the in the 2 . 3 shown embodiment below a the surface contour of the object 2 descriptive surface 11 educated. The cavity 10 is z. B. a few millimeters below a the surface contour of the object 2 formed with (descriptive) surface portion.

The information carrier 8th comprises a communication device (not separately designated), which is for transmitting in the information carrier 8th stored information to at least one communication partner (not shown) and / or for receiving in the information carrier 8th to be deposited information is set up by at least one communication partner.

The communication device is designed as an RFID device, ie as an RFID transponder or RFID tag. Sending and receiving in the information carrier 8th deposited information is based on electromagnetic waves, ie in particular radio waves, which generally allows a non-contact communication, in particular for the purpose of identifying objects.

In the information carrier 8th Information (data) can be stored or stored, which direct or indirect information about the object 2 and / or to the generative manufacturing process of the object 2 affect. About in the information carrier 8th can be stored or stored information, the object 2 and / or the generative manufacturing process of the object 2 directly, for. B. via a concrete object parameter of the object 2 , or indirectly, z. B. on a specific process parameters in the context of the generative production of the object 2 and / or via a specific device parameter for the generative production of the object 2 inserted device 1 , identify.

At corresponding in the information carrier 8th stored or stored information is object information and / or process information and / or device information and / or user information.

Object information describes at least one object to be produced or manufactured 2 relevant object parameters. By means of corresponding object parameters, individual, multiple or all characteristics of the object can be determined 2 describe. The object can be accessed via corresponding object parameters or descriptive object information 2 clearly identify.

Object parameters can, for. B. the geometric-constructive dimensions of the object 2 or at least one object section. Object parameters may alternatively or additionally chemical and / or physical, ie, for example, electrical and / or thermal and / or mechanical properties of the object 2 or at least one object section. Object parameters can also be a chemical and / or physical, ie eg electrical and / or thermal and / or mechanical, property ds for the generative production of the object 2 or at least one object section used powdered building material 3 be. Physical properties of the powdery building material 3 can characteristics of the powdered building material 3 , ie, for example, powder grain size (distribution), powder grain shape (distribution), etc., be. Further alternatively or additionally, object parameters may be a date of manufacture of the object 2 and / or one intended use of the object 2 with regard to a predeterminable or predetermined area of use of the object 2 be.

A device information describes at least one of the generative production of the object 2 used device 1 (Appendix) for performing the method and / or, as the device 1 comprises a plurality of functional components, a functional component of the device 1 relevant device parameters. By means of corresponding device parameters, individual, multiple or all characteristics of the generative production of the object can be determined 2 inserted device 1 or individual, several or all functional components of the device 1 describe. The object can be selected via corresponding device parameters or this descriptive device information 2 and / or the generative manufacturing process of the object 2 identify.

Device parameters may be a date of manufacture for generative production of the object 2 inserted device 1 and / or one of these associated functional components. Alternatively or additionally, device parameters may be of a type, e.g. For example, a series, generally a technical specification, for the generative production of the object 2 inserted device 1 or one of these associated functional components. Further alternatively or additionally, device parameters may be a repair and / or maintenance performed for the generative production of the object 2 inserted device 1 or one of these associated functional components.

Process information describes at least one within the framework of the generative production of the object 2 applied process parameters. By means of corresponding process parameters, individual, several or all characteristics of the process for generative production of the object can be determined 2 describe. Also via corresponding process parameters or this descriptive process information can be the object 2 and / or the generative manufacturing process of the object 2 identify.

Process parameters may be an irradiation parameter, in particular an intensity (s distribution) and / or a power (sverteilung) and / or a focusing, or one for solidification of the powdered building material 3 used energy beam 5 be. Alternatively or additionally, process parameters can be pre-tempering parameters in connection with a pre-tempering of pulverulent building material to be solidified 3 and / or Nachtemperierungsparameter in connection with a Nachtemperierung of the manufactured object 2 be. As an alternative or in addition, process parameters can be coating parameters, ie, for example, a layer thickness (nverteilung) and / or a coating speed, in connection with a layered application of powdered building material 3 be on a building level or an already solidified building material layer. Further alternatively or additionally, process parameters protective gas parameters, ie, for example, a protective gas, a protective gas flow (s distribution), etc., in connection with a protective gas atmosphere and / or a protective gas flow within a construction and / or process chamber 12 the device 1 be.

A user information describes one or more at least one user of the method for the generative production of the object 2 relevant user parameters. By means of corresponding user parameters, individual, multiple or all characteristics of a user of the method for the generative production of the object can be determined 2 describe. Also via corresponding user parameters or this descriptive user information, the object can 2 and / or the generative manufacturing process of the object 2 be identified.

User parameters can be an indication of a manufacturer, ie a manufacturing company, of the object 2 be. Alternatively or additionally, user parameters may include an indication of one carrying out the generative production of the object 2 actually entrauten user, ie, for example, a training and / or experience of the user in connection with the implementation of methods for the generative production of three-dimensional objects 2 be.

As an alternative to the embodiment of an information carrier comprising a communication device 8th can be an information carrier 8th Also include, in particular organic, identification fluid whose proportionate or chemical composition depending on the content of one in the information carrier 8th to be deposited object information and / or process information and / or device information and / or user information is selected. Identification fluids of this kind, which are typically contained in a suitable container, can contain a certain information content, ie object information and / or process information and / or device information and / or user information, via their proportionate or chemical composition. Corresponding identification fluids include, for. B. oligonucleotides, which can be produced in individual individually different batches.

With an object produced according to the method 2 can be a method for identifying a generatively produced object 2 , realize. The latter method is characterized by the steps of providing a corresponding object 2 and reading in the information carrier 8th stored object information and / or process information and / or device information and / or user information for identifying the object 2 out. The identification of the object 2 in particular via an RFID communication between the information carrier 8th and a suitable RFID reader or by determining the proportionate or chemical composition of a corresponding identification fluid.

Although not shown in the figures, it is possible that the or at least one information carrier 8th in one as part of the generative production of the object 2 in the object 2 trained cavity 10 is arranged, being in the context of the generative production of the object 2 In addition, at least one predetermined breaking point is formed, which provides access to the in the cavity 10 arranged information carrier 8th forms. Due to the targeted formation of a corresponding predetermined breaking point, which by a, z. B. realized by a suitable reduction in wall thickness, (mechanical) weakening of the object 2 can be formed, is a relatively simple verification of the object 2 with regard to the integration of appropriate information carriers 8th possible. Of course, corresponding predetermined breaking points, which are also to be understood as breaking areas, are formed with respect to their mechanical properties of non-relevant object areas, so that the structural integrity or stability of the object 2 despite the presence of corresponding predetermined breaking points is not or hardly affected. A corresponding predetermined breaking point can be structurally designed so that it can be damaged with comparatively little force, possibly even by hand, in such a way that accessibility to that in the cavity 10 arranged information carrier 8th is created.

Similarly, the or at least one information carrier 8th in one as part of the generative production of the object 2 in the object 2 trained cavity 10 be arranged, being in the context of the generative production of the object 2 In addition, at least one hinge element (not shown), in particular a film hinge, are formed, which provides access to the in the cavity 10 arranged information carrier 8th offers or forms. About that typically between a closed position, in which no access to the cavity 10 is given, and an open position, in which a possibility of access into the cavity 10 is given, movable, in particular pivotable, hinge element is a simple and one, such as with regard to an exchange of information carrier 8th , practicable accessibility into the cavity 10 given. The Z. B. flap-like or -shaped, hinge element can in the closed position by suitable, as well as in the context of generative production of the object 2 trained holding elements, such. B. latching and / or snap elements, be supported against unwanted opening or secured.

In connection with corresponding predetermined breaking points or corresponding hinge elements simplifies the formation of a corresponding cavity 10 below a the surface contour of the object 2 descriptive surface easy access to or to the cavity 10 respectively the information carrier arranged in this 8th ,

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

 contraption

2

 object

3

 building materials

4

 Radiation producing device

5

 energy beam

6

 Beam deflector

7

 coater

8th

 information carrier

9

 robot

10

 cavity

11

 surface

12

 process chamber

13

 support means

14

 carrier

Claims (16)

Method for the generative production of a three-dimensional object ( 2 ) by layerwise selective solidification of a solidifiable powdery building material ( 3 ) by means of one of a radiation generating device ( 4 ) generated energy beam ( 5 ), characterized in that in the context of the generative production of the three-dimensional object ( 2 ) in at least one unexposed inner portion of the three-dimensional object ( 2 ) at least one information carrier ( 8th ) in which - at least one the three-dimensional object ( 2 ) object information describing respective object parameters and / or - an at least one of which in the context of the generative production of the three-dimensional object ( 2 ) used device ( 1 ) for carrying out the method and / or a functional component of such a device ( 1 ) Device information describing device parameters and / or - at least one in the context of performing the generative production of the three-dimensional object ( 2 ) process information describing the process parameter and / or user information describing at least one user of the method is stored. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the or at least one information carrier ( 8th ) comprises a communication device, which for transmitting in the information carrier ( 8th ) stored object information and / or process information and / or device information and / or user information to at least one communication partner and / or for receiving in the information carrier ( 8th ) to be deposited object information and / or process information and / or device information and / or user information is set up by at least one communication partner. A method according to claim 2, characterized in that the communication device is designed as an RFID device or at least includes such. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the or at least one information carrier ( 8th ), in particular organic, identification fluid, whose proportionate or chemical composition depends on the content of one in the information carrier ( 8th ) to be deposited object information and / or process information and / or device information and / or user information is selected. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the or at least one information carrier ( 8th ) in one of the generative production of the three-dimensional object ( 2 ) in the three-dimensional object ( 2 ) formed cavity ( 10 ), wherein the cavity ( 10 ) with regard to the dimensions of the information carrier ( 8th ) is dimensioned such that the information carrier ( 8th ) precisely in the cavity ( 10 ) can be arranged. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the or at least one information carrier ( 8th ) in one of the generative production of the three-dimensional object ( 2 ) in the three-dimensional object ( 2 ) formed cavity ( 10 ), wherein the cavity ( 10 ) is dimensioned such that, with regard to the dimensions of the information carrier ( 8th ) has an excess and is located between the information carrier ( 8th ) and the cavity ( 10 ) delimiting object sections existing spaces with teilverfestigtem or not solidified powdery building material ( 3 ) are filled. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the or at least one information carrier ( 8th ) in one of the generative production of the three-dimensional object ( 2 ) in the three-dimensional object ( 2 ) formed cavity ( 10 ), wherein in the context of the generative production of the three-dimensional object ( 2 ) additionally at least one predetermined breaking point is formed, which provides access to the in the cavity ( 10 ) arranged information carrier ( 8th ) offers. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the or at least one information carrier ( 8th ) in one of the generative production of the three-dimensional object ( 2 ) in the three-dimensional object ( 2 ) formed cavity ( 10 ), wherein in the context of the generative production of the three-dimensional object ( 2 ) additionally at least one hinge element, in particular a film hinge, is formed, which provides access to the in the cavity ( 10 ) arranged information carrier ( 8th ) offers. Method according to one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that the cavity ( 10 ) below one the surface contour of the three-dimensional object ( 2 ) descriptive surface ( 11 ) of the three-dimensional object ( 2 ) is formed. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the object information as an object parameter, the geometric-constructive dimensions of the three-dimensional object ( 2 ) and / or at least one chemical and / or physical property of the three-dimensional object ( 2 ) and / or at least one chemical and / or physical property of the powdery building material ( 3 ) and / or a date of manufacture of the three-dimensional object ( 2 ) and / or a proper use of the three-dimensional object ( 2 ) describes. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device information as a device parameter a date of manufacture of the generative production of the three-dimensional object ( 2 ) device ( 1 ) or one of these associated functional components and / or a type for the generative production of the three-dimensional object ( 2 ) device ( 1 ) or one of these associated functional components and / or a repair and / or maintenance performed for the generative production of the three-dimensional object ( 2 ) device ( 1 ) or one of these associated functional components. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the process information as a process parameter an irradiation parameter, in particular intensity and / or power and / or focusing, of the or a used energy beam ( 5 ) and / or a Voremperierungsparameter in connection with a pre-tempering of pulverulent building material to be solidified ( 3 ) and / or a Nachtemperierungsparameter in connection with a Nachtemperierung of the produced three-dimensional object ( 2 ) and / or at least one coating parameter in connection with a layered application of pulverulent building material ( 3 ) to a construction level and / or a protective gas parameter in connection with a protective gas atmosphere and / or protective gas flow within a construction and / or process chamber ( 12 ) of the device ( 1 ) for carrying out the method. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the user information as user parameter information on a manufacturer of the three-dimensional object ( 2 ) and / or information, in particular a training and / or experience in connection with the implementation of methods for the generative production of three-dimensional objects ( 2 ), to one carrying out the generative production of the object ( 2 ), in particular an employee of or a manufacturer of the three-dimensional object ( 2 ), describes. Three-dimensional object ( 2 ), characterized in that it is produced according to a method according to one of the preceding claims. Contraption ( 1 ) for the generative production of a three-dimensional object ( 2 ) by selective layerwise solidification of a solidifiable powdery building material ( 3 ) by means of one of a radiation generating device ( 4 ) generated energy beam ( 5 ), characterized in that the device ( 1 ) is designed for carrying out the method according to one of claims 1 to 13. Method for identifying a generatively produced three-dimensional object ( 2 ), in particular a three-dimensional object ( 2 ) according to claim 14, wherein in the context of the generative production of the three-dimensional object ( 2 ) in at least one unexposed inner portion of the three-dimensional object ( 2 ) at least one information carrier ( 8th ) in which one at least one of the three-dimensional object ( 2 ) object information describing relevant object parameters and / or an at least one of the in the context of the generative production of the three-dimensional object ( 2 ) used device ( 1 ) for carrying out the method and / or a functional component of such a device ( 1 ) device information describing device parameters and / or at least one in the context of carrying out the generative production of the three-dimensional object ( 2 ) process information describing applied process parameters and / or at least one user of the method for producing the three-dimensional object ( 2 User information descriptive user parameter is deposited, characterized by the steps: - Providing a corresponding three-dimensional object ( 2 ), - reading in the information carrier ( 8th ) stored object information and / or process information and / or device information and / or user information for identifying the three-dimensional object ( 2 ).

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