DE102016113950A1 - Joining method and joining device for carrying out the joining method - Google Patents
Joining method and joining device for carrying out the joining method Download PDFInfo
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- DE102016113950A1 DE102016113950A1 DE102016113950.5A DE102016113950A DE102016113950A1 DE 102016113950 A1 DE102016113950 A1 DE 102016113950A1 DE 102016113950 A DE102016113950 A DE 102016113950A DE 102016113950 A1 DE102016113950 A1 DE 102016113950A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
- B29C65/16—Laser beams
- B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
- B29C65/1635—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface at least passing through one of the parts to be joined, i.e. laser transmission welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
- B29C65/16—Laser beams
- B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
- B29C65/1654—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface scanning at least one of the parts to be joined
- B29C65/1658—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface scanning at least one of the parts to be joined scanning once, e.g. contour laser welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
- B29C65/16—Laser beams
- B29C65/1696—Laser beams making use of masks
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
- B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
- B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
- B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
- B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
- B29C66/912—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
- B29C66/9121—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature
- B29C66/91211—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature with special temperature measurement means or methods
- B29C66/91216—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature with special temperature measurement means or methods enabling contactless temperature measurements, e.g. using a pyrometer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
- B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
- B29C66/912—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
- B29C66/9121—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature
- B29C66/91221—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature of the parts to be joined
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
- B29C65/1429—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface
- B29C65/1435—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface at least passing through one of the parts to be joined, i.e. transmission welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
- B29C65/1429—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface
- B29C65/1454—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface scanning at least one of the parts to be joined
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
- B29C65/1487—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation making use of light guides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
- B29C65/16—Laser beams
- B29C65/1603—Laser beams characterised by the type of electromagnetic radiation
- B29C65/1612—Infrared [IR] radiation, e.g. by infrared lasers
- B29C65/1616—Near infrared radiation [NIR], e.g. by YAG lasers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
- B29C65/16—Laser beams
- B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
- B29C65/1654—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface scanning at least one of the parts to be joined
- B29C65/1661—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface scanning at least one of the parts to be joined scanning repeatedly, e.g. quasi-simultaneous laser welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
- B29C65/16—Laser beams
- B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
- B29C65/1664—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface making use of several radiators
- B29C65/1667—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface making use of several radiators at the same time, i.e. simultaneous laser welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
- B29C66/82—Pressure application arrangements, e.g. transmission or actuating mechanisms for joining tools or clamps
- B29C66/828—Other pressure application arrangements
- B29C66/8282—Other pressure application arrangements using the own weight of the joining tool
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
- B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
- B29C66/836—Moving relative to and tangentially to the parts to be joined, e.g. transversely to the displacement of the parts to be joined, e.g. using a X-Y table
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
- B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
- B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
- B29C66/9161—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
- B29C66/93—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed
- B29C66/934—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed by controlling or regulating the speed
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Abstract
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Fügeverfahren zum Fügen von zwei Fügeteilen (12, 14), insbesondere Laserschweißverfahren, bei dem mindestens ein mit einer durch eine Steuereinheit gesteuerten oder geregelten Strahlerzeugungseinheit (4) erzeugter Arbeitsstrahl (6) auf einen Bestrahlungsfleck (8) einer Oberfläche (10) mindestens eines Fügeteiles materialerweichend oder -schmelzend einwirkt, wobei zwischen der Strahlerzeugungseinheit (4) und den Fügeteilen (12, 14) ein für die Strahlung des Arbeitsstrahles (6) undurchlässiges Abschirmmittel (16) angeordnet ist. Um eine während des Fügeprozesses erfolgende Fügequalitätskontrolle zu ermöglichen wird vorgeschlagen, dass mittels einer auf einer den beiden Fügeteilen (12, 14) abgewandten Seite des Abschirmmittels (16) angeordneten Wärmestrahlungsmesseinheit (18) die Temperatur des Bestrahlungsflecks (8) gemessen wird und das Abschirmmittel (16) Strahlung in dem Wellenlängenbereich des Arbeitsstrahles (6) und des Messbereichs der Wärmestrahlungsmesseinheit (18) im Wesentlichen absorbiert. Ferner betrifft die Erfindung eine Fügeeinrichtung (2) zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Fügeverfahrens.The present invention relates to a joining method for joining two joining parts (12, 14), in particular laser welding methods, in which at least one working beam (6) generated by a beam generating unit (4) controlled by a control unit strikes an irradiation spot (8) of a surface ( 10) at least one joining part material softening or melting acts, between the beam generating unit (4) and the joining parts (12, 14) for the radiation of the working beam (6) impermeable shielding means (16) is arranged. In order to make possible a joining quality control taking place during the joining process, it is proposed that the temperature of the irradiation spot (8) is measured by means of a heat radiation measuring unit (18) arranged on a side of the shielding means (16) facing away from the two joining parts (12, 14). 16) radiation in the wavelength range of the working beam (6) and the measuring range of the heat radiation measuring unit (18) substantially absorbed. Furthermore, the invention relates to a joining device (2) for carrying out the joining method according to the invention.
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Fügeverfahren und eine Fügeeinrichtung zur Durchführung des Fügeverfahrens. The present invention relates to a joining method and a joining device for carrying out the joining method.
Derartige Fügeverfahren und Fügeeinrichtungen sind aus dem Stand der Technik in zahlreichen Ausführungsvarianten bereits bekannt. Such joining methods and joining devices are already known from the prior art in numerous design variants.
Aus der
Das Abschirmmittel dient als Schweißmaske, um sehr feine Konturen aus dem Gebiet der Mikromechanik und Mikrosystemstechnik mittels eines linienförmigen Laserstrahls zu schweißen. The shielding agent serves as a welding mask in order to weld very fine contours in the field of micromechanics and microsystem technology by means of a linear laser beam.
Hier setzt die vorliegende Erfindung an. This is where the present invention begins.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine während des Fügeprozesses erfolgende Fügequalitätskontrolle zu ermöglichen. The object of the present invention is to enable joint quality control to take place during the joining process.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch ein Fügeverfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 sowie durch eine Fügeeinrichtung mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 5 gelöst. Die Unteransprüche betreffen vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung. This object is achieved by a joining method with the features of claim 1 and by a joining device with the features of claim 5. The subclaims relate to advantageous developments of the invention.
Ein wesentlicher Vorteil des erfindungsgemäßen Fügeverfahrens sowie der erfindungsgemäßen Fügeeinrichtung liegt insbesondere darin, dass die Fügequalitätskontrolle berührungslos erfolgt. Dies ist insbesondere vorteilhaft bei Fügeteilen, bei denen sich die Fügefläche nicht an der Oberfläche der gefügten Fügeteile, sondern im Inneren des dadurch hergestellten Teils befindet. Darüber hinaus unterliegt eine berührungslose Kontrolle keinem durch die Berührung mit den Fügeteilen verursachten Verschleiß; entsprechend werden auch die Fügeteile durch die Kontrolle nicht beschädigt. A significant advantage of the joining method according to the invention and the joining device according to the invention lies in particular in the fact that the joint quality control is carried out without contact. This is particularly advantageous in the case of joining parts in which the joining surface is not located on the surface of the joined parts to be joined, but in the interior of the part produced thereby. In addition, non-contact control is not subject to wear caused by contact with the parts to be joined; Accordingly, the parts to be joined are not damaged by the inspection.
Die Messung der Temperatur des Bestrahlungsflecks liefert dabei eine sichere Aussage über die Qualität der Verbindung, beispielsweise der Schweißnaht. Hierfür ist es erforderlich, mit der Wärmestrahlungsmesseinheit ein ausreichend hohes Messsignal zu empfangen. Ferner sind Störsignale von der Wärmestrahlungsmesseinheit fernzuhalten; also Messsignale, die nicht von dem Bestrahlungsfleck stammen. Beides wird durch das Abschirmmittel gewährleistet. The measurement of the temperature of the irradiation spot provides a reliable statement about the quality of the connection, for example, the weld. For this purpose, it is necessary to receive a sufficiently high measurement signal with the heat radiation measuring unit. Furthermore, spurious signals are to be kept away from the heat radiation measuring unit; So measurement signals that are not from the irradiation spot. Both are ensured by the shielding.
Eine besonders vorteilhafte Weiterbildung des erfindungsgemäßen Fügeverfahrens sieht vor, dass der Arbeitsstrahl der Strahlerzeugungseinheit und/oder ein Strahlungsempfänger der Wärmestrahlungsmesseinheit mittels der Steuereinheit während des Fügeprozesses derart bewegt wird/werden, dass ein Messfleck der Wärmestrahlungsmesseinheit während des gesamten Fügeprozesses innerhalb des Bestrahlungsflecks, insbesondere das Zentrum des Bestrahlungsflecks abdeckend, bleibt. Hierdurch ist die Genauigkeit der Temperaturmessung gesteigert und damit eine verbesserte Aussage über die Qualität der Verbindung erzielt. A particularly advantageous embodiment of the joining method according to the invention provides that the working beam of the beam generating unit and / or a radiation receiver of the heat radiation measuring unit is moved by the control unit during the joining process such that a measuring spot of the heat radiation measuring unit during the entire joining process within the irradiation spot, in particular the center covering the irradiation spot remains. As a result, the accuracy of the temperature measurement is increased and thus achieved an improved statement about the quality of the connection.
Im Idealfall sind die Zentren des Messflecks und des Bestrahlungsflecks während des gesamten Fügeprozesses deckungsgleich. Eine gute Lagetreue der Zentren zueinander lässt sich beispielsweise durch einen als Achssystem ausgebildeten Antrieb der Strahlerzeugungseinheit erzielen. Eine Bewegungsumkehr, also die Bewegung der Fügeteile anstelle der Strahlerzeugungseinheit, ist von der Erfindung mit umfasst. Ideally, the centers of the measuring spot and the irradiation spot are congruent during the entire joining process. A good positional fidelity of the centers to each other can be achieved, for example, by means of a drive of the jet generating unit designed as an axle system. A reversal of motion, ie the movement of the joining parts instead of the beam generating unit, is included in the invention.
Eine andere vorteilhafte Weiterbildung des erfindungsgemäßen Fügeverfahrens sieht vor, dass mittels einer mit der Wärmestrahlungsmesseinheit signalübertragend verbundenen Ausgabeeinheit eine akustische und/oder optische Warnung in Abhängigkeit davon ausgegeben wird, ob ein oder mehrere Messwerte der Wärmestrahlungsmesseinheit eine vorher festgelegte Unter- und/oder Obergrenze unter- und/oder überschreiten. Auf diese Weise ist ein schneller Eingriff durch eine Bedienperson ermöglicht. Another advantageous refinement of the joining method according to the invention provides that an acoustic and / or visual warning is output by means of an output unit signal-transmittingly connected to the heat radiation measuring unit as a function of whether one or more measured values of the heat radiation measuring unit have a predetermined lower and / or upper limit. and / or exceed. In this way, a quick intervention by an operator is possible.
Eine besonders vorteilhafte Weiterbildung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens sieht vor, dass die Strahlerzeugungseinheit und/oder ein Antrieb der Strahlerzeugungseinheit in Abhängigkeit eines oder mehrerer Messwerte der Wärmestrahlungsmesseinheit gesteuert oder geregelt wird/werden. Hierdurch ist der Automatisierungsgrad gesteigert, was zu einer Entlastung der Bedienperson führt. A particularly advantageous development of the method according to the invention provides that the beam generation unit and / or a drive of the beam generation unit are controlled or regulated as a function of one or more measured values of the heat radiation measurement unit. As a result, the degree of automation is increased, which leads to a discharge of the operator.
Beispielsweise kann es sich um die Steuerung oder Regelung der Verfahrgeschwindigkeit des Arbeitsstrahls oder von dessen Leistung handeln, um so eine homogene Fügequalität über einen längeren Fügebereich, beispielsweise eine Schweißnaht, zu erzielen. For example, it may be the control or regulation of the travel speed of the working beam or its performance, so as to achieve a homogenous joining quality over a longer joining range, for example a weld seam.
Grundsätzlich ist die Wärmestrahlungsmesseinheit nach Art und Anordnung in weiten geeigneten Grenzen frei wählbar. Voreilhafterweise ist die Wärmestrahlungsmesseinheit als ein Pyrometer oder als eine Wärmebildkamera ausgebildet. Basically, the heat radiation measuring unit according to type and arrangement freely selectable within wide suitable limits. In a preliminary way, the Heat radiation measuring unit designed as a pyrometer or as a thermal imaging camera.
Pyrometer sind bewährte Wärmestrahlungsmesseinheiten, die eine schnelle Temperaturmessung ermöglichen. Pyrometers are proven heat radiation measuring units that enable fast temperature measurement.
Wärmebildkameras haben gegenüber Pyrometern den Vorteil, dass eine größere Fläche gleichzeitig kontrolliert werden kann. Thermal imaging cameras have the advantage over pyrometers that a larger area can be controlled simultaneously.
Eine weitere vorteilhafte Weiterbildung der erfindungsgemäßen Fügeeinrichtung sieht vor, dass die Wärmestrahlungsmesseinheit an oder in der Strahlerzeugungseinheit angeordnet ist. Auf diese Weise ist eine kompakte Bauweise der Fügeeinrichtung ermöglicht. A further advantageous development of the joining device according to the invention provides that the heat radiation measuring unit is arranged on or in the beam generating unit. In this way, a compact design of the joining device is possible.
Eine andere vorteilhafte Weiterbildung der erfindungsgemäßen Fügeeinrichtung sieht vor, dass ein Messfleck der Wärmestrahlungsmesseinheit derart ausgebildet ist, dass dieser im Betrieb der Fügeeinrichtung das Zentrum des Bestrahlungsflecks abdeckt und kleiner als der Bestrahlungsfleck ist, insbesondere ist die Fläche des Messflecks kleiner oder gleich 80% der Fläche des Bestrahlungsflecks. Hierdurch ist die Genauigkeit der Temperaturmessung gesteigert und damit eine verbesserte Aussage über die Qualität der Verbindung erzielt. Another advantageous development of the joining device according to the invention provides that a measuring spot of the heat radiation measuring unit is designed such that it covers the center of the irradiation spot during operation of the joining device and is smaller than the irradiation spot, in particular the surface of the measuring spot is less than or equal to 80% of the area of the irradiation spot. As a result, the accuracy of the temperature measurement is increased and thus achieved an improved statement about the quality of the connection.
Grundsätzlich sind der Messbereich der Wärmestrahlungsmesseinheit sowie die Lage der maximalen Messempfindlichkeit der Wärmestrahlungsmesseinheit in weiten geeigneten Grenzen frei wählbar. In principle, the measuring range of the heat radiation measuring unit and the position of the maximum measuring sensitivity of the heat radiation measuring unit are freely selectable within wide suitable limits.
Zweckmäßigerweise ist der Messbereich der Wärmestrahlungsmesseinheit auf größer oder gleich 180°C, insbesondere größer oder gleich 80°C, eingestellt. Conveniently, the measuring range of the heat radiation measuring unit is set to greater than or equal to 180 ° C, in particular greater than or equal to 80 ° C.
Ferner ist es sinnvoll, dass das Maximum der Messempfindlichkeit der Wärmestrahlungsmesseinheit in einem Spektralbereich von 1,9 µm bis 2,4 µm, insbesondere 1,9 µm bis 2,1 µm, liegt. Furthermore, it makes sense that the maximum of the measuring sensitivity of the heat radiation measuring unit is in a spectral range of 1.9 μm to 2.4 μm, in particular 1.9 μm to 2.1 μm.
Die beiden vorgenannten Weiterbildungen sind insbesondere vorteilhaft bei Fügeteilen, bei denen mindestens ein Fügeteil als ein Kunststoffteil ausgebildet ist. The two aforementioned refinements are particularly advantageous in the case of joining parts, in which at least one joining part is designed as a plastic part.
Das Abschirmmittel ist nach Art, Material, Form, Dimensionierung und Anordnung in weiten geeigneten Grenzen frei wählbar. The shielding agent can be freely selected according to type, material, shape, dimensioning and arrangement within wide suitable limits.
Vorteilhafterweise ist das Abschirmmittel als eine Schweißmaske der Fügeeinrichtung ausgebildet. Hierdurch ist das Abschirmmittel auf konstruktiv besonders einfache und platzsparende Weise realisiert. Advantageously, the shielding means is formed as a welding mask of the joining device. As a result, the shielding is realized in a structurally particularly simple and space-saving manner.
Eine dazu alternative Weiterbildung sieht vor, dass das Abschirmmittel als ein separates Bauteil der Fügeeinrichtung ausgebildet ist. Hierdurch lässt sich das Abschirmmittel besonders gut nach dessen Funktion gestalten. Auch ist es dadurch möglich, voneinander verschiedene Abschirmmittel zu bevorraten und je nach Anwendungsfall die erfindungsgemäße Fügeeinrichtung auf das geeignete Abschirmmittel umzurüsten, ohne das andere Bauteile der Fügeeinrichtung gewechselt werden müssen. An alternative development provides that the shielding means is formed as a separate component of the joining device. As a result, the shielding means can be designed particularly well according to its function. This also makes it possible to stock different shielding means and, depending on the application, to convert the joining device according to the invention to the suitable shielding means, without having to change the other components of the joining device.
Eine andere alternative Weiterbildung der erfindungsgemäßen Fügeeinrichtung sieht vor, dass das Abschirmmittel als eine Beschichtung eines Bauteils der Fügeeinrichtung, insbesondere einer Schweißmaske, ausgebildet ist. Auf diese Weise ist das Abschirmmittel sehr platz- und materialsparend verwirklicht. Another alternative development of the joining device according to the invention provides that the shielding means is designed as a coating of a component of the joining device, in particular a welding mask. In this way, the shielding is realized very space and material saving.
Zweckmäßigerweise ist das Abschirmmittel aus Edelstahl oder Aluminiumkeramik hergestellt oder es weist eine Beschichtung aus Edelstahl oder Aluminiumkeramik auf. Vorzugsweise ist das Abschirmmittel gewalzt und/oder die Oberfläche des Abschirmmittels aufgeraut, beispielsweise dadurch, dass diese vorab mit aufrauenden Mitteln bestrahlt worden ist. Conveniently, the shielding means is made of stainless steel or aluminum ceramics or it has a coating of stainless steel or aluminum ceramics. Preferably, the shielding means is rolled and / or the surface of the shielding means is roughened, for example by being previously irradiated with roughening agents.
Anhand der beigefügten, grob schematischen Zeichnung wird die Erfindung nachfolgend näher erläutert. Dabei zeigt: Reference to the accompanying, rough schematic drawing, the invention will be explained in more detail below. Showing:
Im Nachfolgenden wird das erfindungsgemäße Fügeverfahren und die erfindungsgemäße Fügeeinrichtung anhand der Fig. näher erläutert. In the following, the joining method according to the invention and the joining device according to the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to FIG.
Gleiche oder gleichwirkende Bauteile sind in den Fig. mit den gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen. The same or equivalent components are provided in the figures with the same reference numerals.
Im Betrieb der Fügeeinrichtung
Das zweite Fügeteil
Beide Kunststoffteile
Zwischen dem Konturschweißkopf
Ferner weist die Konturlaserschweißeinrichtung
Hierfür weist der Konturschweißkopf
Der Edelstahl der Schweißmaske
Der Laserstrahl
Bei anderen Kunststoffen, beispielsweise bei Kunststoffen die bereits unter 100°C erweichen, würde der Messbereich sinnvollerweise größer oder gleich 80°C eingestellt werden. For other plastics, for example plastics which soften below 100 ° C, the measuring range would usefully be set to greater than or equal to 80 ° C.
Die Messempfindlichkeit des Pyrometers
Das Pyrometer
In
Das Konturlaserschweißverfahren wird nachfolgend erläutert:
Der Laserstrahl
The
Durch das als Schweißmaske ausgebildete Abschirmmittel
Über die auf diese Weise ermittelte Temperatur des Bestrahlungsflecks
Bei dem Konturlaserschweißverfahren wird jedoch nicht nur an einem einzigen Punkt geschweißt, sondern es wird eine in die Blattebene senkrecht hinein verlaufende, nicht dargestellte Schweißnaht hergestellt. Hierfür weist die Konturlaserschweißeinrichtung
Selbstverständlich wäre auch ein Bewegen der Aufnahme
Entsprechend ergibt sich eine Mehrzahl von entlang der Schweißlinie aneinander gereihter Bestrahlungsflecke
Bei dem Abfahren der nicht dargestellten Schweißlinie durch den Laserstrahl
In
Sollte die Schweißnaht an einem Punkt der Schweißung nicht die gewünschte Qualität aufweisen, also die mittels des Pyrometers
Im Unterschied zu dem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel weist das zweite Ausführungsbeispiel ein als ebene Platte ausgebildetes, separates Abschirmmittel
Ferner ist die Schweißmaske
In dem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel wird der Konturschweißkopf
Die Erfindung ist nicht auf die vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiele begrenzt. Beispielsweise ist es möglich, dass auch andere strahlgestützte Fügetechniken zum Einsatz kommen. Beispielsweise Quasi-Simultanlaserschweißen, Simultanlaserschweißen oder Induktionsschweißen. The invention is not limited to the present embodiments. For example, it is possible that other beam-based joining techniques are used. For example, quasi-simultaneous laser welding, simultaneous laser welding or induction welding.
Darüber hinaus sind auch Fügeteile aus anderen Materialien und auch Fügeteile aus voneinander verschiedenen Materialien denkbar. In addition, also joining parts made of other materials and also joining parts of different materials are conceivable.
Abweichend von den beiden Ausführungsbeispielen ist es auch denkbar, dass beispielsweise eine vorher festgelegte Anzahl von Unterschreitungen einer vorher festgelegten Untergrenze und/oder eine vorher festgelegte Anzahl von Überschreitungen einer vorher festgelegten Obergrenze für die mittels der Wärmestrahlungsmesseinheit gemessene Temperatur des Bestrahlungsflecks oder der Bestrahlungsflecke die Güte einer oder mehrerer Fügungen anzeigen. Notwithstanding the two embodiments, it is also conceivable that, for example, a predetermined number of underruns of a predetermined lower limit and / or a predetermined number of exceedances of a predetermined upper limit for the measured by the heat radiation measuring unit temperature of the irradiation spot or Radiation spots indicate the quality of one or more compounds.
Beispielsweise könnte es für eine ausreichende Güte von den drei Schweißungen des zweiten Ausführungsbeispiels erforderlich sein, dass eine einzige Grenztemperatur für jede einzelne Schweißnaht zuerst einmal Überschritten wird und zeitlich danach einmal Unterschritten wird. For example, it may be necessary for a sufficient quality of the three welds of the second embodiment, that a single limit temperature for each individual weld is first exceeded once and then falls below once in time.
Entsprechend würden die drei Schweißungen dann als in Ordnung bewertet werden, wenn die vorher festgelegte Grenztemperatur insgesamt dreimal überschritten und dreimal unterschritten wird, nämlich: erstens überschritten, zweitens unterschritten, drittens überschritten, viertens unterschritten, fünftens überschritten und sechstens unterschritten wird. Accordingly, the three welds would then be rated as good if the predetermined limit temperature exceeded a total of three times and falls below three times, namely: first exceeded, second undershot, third exceeded, fourth below, fifth exceeded and sixth falls below.
Dabei würde das erste Überschreiten der Grenztemperatur den Beginn der ersten Schweißnaht und das erste Unterschreiten der Grenztemperatur das Ende der ersten Schweißnaht bedeuten und so weiter. In this case, the first exceeding of the limit temperature would mean the beginning of the first weld and the first falling below the limit temperature the end of the first weld, and so on.
In dem vorliegenden Fall würden also Untergrenze und Obergrenze zusammenfallen; also den gleichen Wert für die Grenztemperatur aufweisen. Jedoch ist es auch möglich, dass in anders gelagerten Fällen voneinander verschiedene Werte für die Unter- und die Obergrenze gewählt werden. In the present case, therefore, the lower limit and the upper limit would coincide; So have the same value for the limit temperature. However, it is also possible that in different cases different values for the lower and the upper limit are chosen.
Anstelle mittels einer Ausgabeeinheit eine Warnung an eine Bedienperson der Fügeeinrichtung auszugeben, wäre es auch möglich, dass die Strahlerzeugungseinheit und/oder ein Antrieb der Strahlerzeugungseinheit in Abhängigkeit eines oder mehrerer Messwerte der Wärmestrahlungsmesseinheit gesteuert oder geregelt wird/werden. Instead of issuing a warning to an operator of the joining device by means of an output unit, it would also be possible for the beam generating unit and / or a drive of the beam generating unit to be controlled or regulated as a function of one or more measured values of the heat radiation measuring unit.
Für anders gelagerte Anwendungsfälle wäre anstelle eines Pyrometers auch eine Wärmebildkamera sinnvoll einsetzbar. Die erfindungsgemäße Fügeeinrichtung könnte auch eine Mehrzahl von funktionsgleichen oder funktionsunterschiedlichen Wärmestrahlungsmesseinheiten aufweisen. For different applications, instead of a pyrometer, a thermal imaging camera would also be useful. The joining device according to the invention could also have a plurality of functionally identical or functionally different heat radiation measuring units.
Im Unterschied zu den Ausführungsbeispielen wäre es auch denkbar, nicht die vollständige Schweißmaske, oder die vollständige Platte als Abschirmmittel auszubilden, sondern die Schweißmaske, oder einen anderen geeigneten Träger mit einer als Abschirmmittel wirkenden Beschichtung zu versehen. In contrast to the embodiments, it would also be conceivable not to form the complete welding mask, or the complete plate as a shielding means, but to provide the welding mask, or another suitable carrier with a coating acting as a shielding agent.
BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
- 2 2
- Fügeeinrichtung, als Konturlaserschweißeinrichtung ausgebildet Joining device, designed as a contour laser welding device
- 4 4
- Strahlerzeugungseinheit, als Konturschweißkopf ausgebildet Beam generating unit, designed as a contour welding head
- 4.1 4.1
- Fasereinkopplung fiber coupling
- 4.2 4.2
- Teildurchlässiger Spiegel Partly transparent mirror
- 4.3 4.3
- Filter filter
- 6 6
- Arbeitsstrahl, als Laserstrahl ausgebildet Working beam, designed as a laser beam
- 8 8th
- Bestrahlungsfleck irradiation spot
- 10 10
-
Oberfläche des ersten Fügeteils
12 Surface of the first part to be joined12 - 12 12
- Erstes Fügeteil, als laserstrahlabsorbierendes Kunststoffteil ausgebildet First joining part, designed as a laser-absorbing plastic part
- 13 13
- Aufnahme admission
- 14 14
- Zweites Fügeteil, als laserstrahltransparendes Kunststoffteil ausgebildet Second joining part, designed as a laser-beam-transparent plastic part
- 16 16
- Abschirmmittel, als Schweißmaske ausgebildet Shielding, designed as a welding mask
- 16.1 16.1
-
Durchtrittsspalt in dem Abschirmmittel
16 Passage gap in the shielding means16 - 18 18
- Wärmestrahlungsmesseinheit, als Pyrometer ausgebildet Heat radiation measuring unit, designed as a pyrometer
- 20 20
-
Messfleck der Wärmestrahlungsmesseinheit
18 Measuring spot of the heatradiation measuring unit 18 - 21 21
-
Kreuz, dass das Zentrum des Bestrahlungsflecks
8 markiert Cross that the center of the irradiation spot8th marked - 22 22
- Abschirmmittel, als separate Platte ausgebildet Shielding, designed as a separate plate
- 22.1 22.1
-
Durchtrittsspalt in dem Abschirmmittel
22 Passage gap in the shielding means22 - 24 24
- Schweißmaske, ohne Funktion als Abschirmmittel Welding mask, without function as a shielding agent
ZITATE ENTHALTEN IN DER BESCHREIBUNG QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION
Diese Liste der vom Anmelder aufgeführten Dokumente wurde automatisiert erzeugt und ist ausschließlich zur besseren Information des Lesers aufgenommen. Die Liste ist nicht Bestandteil der deutschen Patent- bzw. Gebrauchsmusteranmeldung. Das DPMA übernimmt keinerlei Haftung für etwaige Fehler oder Auslassungen.This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.
Zitierte PatentliteraturCited patent literature
- EP 0997261 B9 [0003] EP 0997261 B9 [0003]
Claims (14)
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PCT/EP2017/068718 WO2018019809A1 (en) | 2016-07-28 | 2017-07-25 | Joining method and joining device for carrying out the joining method |
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DE102018210706A1 (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2020-01-02 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Adaptive mask for a method for laser transmission welding |
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EP4074492B1 (en) * | 2021-04-13 | 2023-09-20 | Leister Technologies AG | System for joining workpieces of thermoplastic material by through-transmission laser welding |
EP4371740A1 (en) * | 2022-11-17 | 2024-05-22 | Leister Technologies AG | Pyrometer device for determining temperature during laser plastic welding and system for laser plastic welding |
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JP2003225946A (en) * | 2002-02-01 | 2003-08-12 | Denso Corp | Laser bonding method and laser bonding device |
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EP0997261B9 (en) | 1999-01-28 | 2001-04-11 | Leister Process Technologies | Laser welding method and apparatus for joining a plurality of plastic articles with each other or with other materials |
EP2255919A2 (en) * | 2002-06-18 | 2010-12-01 | Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. | Laser processing device, laser processing temperature measuring device, laser processing method and laser processing temperature measuring method |
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