DE102016111558A1 - Method and device for tank filling a hydrogen-powered motor vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a hydrogen supply and refueling system (A, B) for high-pressure storage of gaseous hydrogen on board a vehicle in a vehicle-side subsystem (H2) of the refueling system (A, B), which has at least one vehicle-side storage tank (FBn) for storing the hydrogen which is connected to the complete filling or refilling of the at least one vehicle-side storage tank (FBn) via an interface (S; 30, 31) with at least one storage tank side storage tank (TBn) of a filling station side subsystem (L1) of the refueling system (A, B). It is envisaged that the at least one vehicle-side storage tank (FBn) of the vehicle-mounted subsystem (H2) or several vehicle-mounted storage tank (FBn) of the vehicle-mounted subsystem (H2) together have a tank capacity which is within a single refueling operation above one of the filling station side subsystem (L1) available capacity threshold of a refueling capacity, wherein the vehicle-mounted subsystem (H2) comprises a refueling unit (100, 200) with at least one control element (110, 210), which adapts the subsystems (L1, H2) such that with the tank-side subsystem (L1) coupled vehicle-mounted subsystem (H2) without exceeding the capacity threshold of the refueling capacity capacity-dependent several refueling operations, whereby the complete filling or full refilling taking advantage of the full tank capacity of the vehicle or Eitigen Speicherbehälter / s (FBn) is effected.

Description

The infrastructure for refueling hydrogen-powered vehicles is currently under construction.

The invention relates to a hydrogen supply and refueling system for high-pressure storage of gaseous hydrogen on board a vehicle in a vehicle-side subsystem of the refueling system, which has at least one vehicle-side storage tank for storing the hydrogen, the complete filling or refilling via an interface with at least one gas station side storage tank of a gas station-side subsystem of the refueling system is in communication.

Currently, gas stations with a tank system for smaller not falling under the category of commercial vehicles passenger vehicles are built up with a nominal storage pressure of 700 bar. The refueling protocol developed for this named SAE J2601-1 At these gas stations with a nominal storage pressure of 700 bar, a maximum refueling capacity with a hydrogen quantity of 10 kg of hydrogen is currently allowed. The tank system with the associated refueling protocol SAE J2601-1 is hereinafter referred to as "low tank capacity" tank system, abbreviated "L" tank system with low tank capacity, in particular below / equal to a threshold of </ = 10 kg. The "L" tank system comprises a first filling station-side subsystem and a second vehicle-side subsystem. A refueling of a hydrogen-powered passenger vehicle via the "L" tank system takes place on the basis of tables, in particular the SAE tables. Usually, refueling takes place at the nominal storage pressure of 700 bar and pre-cooling of the hydrogen to, for example, -40.degree. In the associated SAE tables of the refueling protocol SAE J2601-1 is a refueling pressure ramp [Engl .: APRR Average Pressure Ramp Rate] defined. The refueling pressure ramp as a calculated value and all measured values are currently being monitored and controlled by the filling station side subsystem. The refueling pressure ramp changes depending on the outside temperature. Also, in the associated SAE tables of the refueling protocol SAE J2601-1 a target pressure in the vehicle-side storage tank depending on the outside temperature and the starting pressure in dependence on the outside temperature in the vehicle-side storage tank of the "L" tank system of the passenger car listed.

At the beginning of refueling a pressure surge is performed, is determined by the inside the gas station, the starting pressure in the vehicle-side storage tank. After a leakage check of the vehicle-mounted tank system, the refueling begins with the depending on the starting pressure and the outside temperature according to the SAE table of refueling protocol SAE J2601-1 selected refueling pressure ramp up to the target pressure also provided by the SAE table. In this case, the refueling pressure ramp and the corresponding predetermined pre-cooling temperature must be maintained within certain limits. If these limits are exceeded, refueling is aborted. The maximum mass flow permitted during refueling is 60 g / s for the passenger cars to be refueled via the "L" tank system.

For commercial vehicles, however, especially for buses, there is currently another tank system, which is used with a nominal storage pressure of 350 bar. The reason for the lower nominal storage pressure of 350 bar compared to passenger vehicles is, inter alia, the lower system costs compared to 700 bar systems and the generally larger space available for commercial vehicles. For example, the vehicle-side storage container in commercial vehicles, especially buses, unlike passenger cars with consumption of a larger available space usually arranged on the roof. Commercial vehicles require a significantly higher amount of hydrogen with a higher to be provided tank capacity of, for example, 40 kg of hydrogen, so that a satisfactory range can be realized.

Refueling such Nutzkraftfahrzeuge with higher tank capacity, for example, taking into account one of the first refueling protocol SAE J2601-1 second refueling protocol for passenger cars second SAE J2601-2 , The second tank system, which for refueling the commercial vehicle on the second SAE J2601-2 Refueling a vehicle-side storage container of the commercial vehicle is provided with a larger refueling capacity is hereinafter referred to as "high tank capacity" system, abbreviated "H" tank system with higher tank capacity, currently especially above a threshold of> 10 kg. The "H" tank system likewise comprises a first filling station-side subsystem and a second vehicle-side subsystem. The fueling of a commercial vehicle via the "H" tank system is currently carried out at a nominal storage pressure of 350 bar. There is only the restriction that the maximum mass flow may not exceed 120 g / s. A table with a given refueling pressure ramp to achieve the desired target pressure in the vehicle-side storage tank as a function of the outside temperature and the starting pressure analogous to the The "L" tank system described above does not exist in the "H" tank system.

It is clear from the preliminary considerations that it is currently not possible to refuel a motor vehicle, in particular a commercial vehicle, which is designed for refueling via the "H" tank system on the filling station side and on the vehicle side, at a petrol station filling station, which is responsible for the "L" Tank system is designed.

The document is known WO 2006/021699 A1 , The document describes a gas storage system, in particular for a motor vehicle power supply source, which comprises at least two storage modules, in each case an outlet line, which can be connected by a quick-connection device via an electromagnetic valve to a user station provided with a supply line. The memory modules comprise a certain number of identical containers, whereby different capacities are generated. It is intended to use the modules one at a time so that one module is completely emptied before the other module is used.

The publication EP 1 800 930 A1 discloses a hydrogen supply and refueling system for a vehicle. The system includes a plurality of tank units for high pressure storage of gaseous hydrogen on board a vehicle, each tank unit having a valve with an outlet responsive to a controller. The system further includes a pressure sensor responsive to the pressure of each tank unit for generating a pressure signal, the controller being arranged to control the order of hydrogen emptying from the individual tank units in response to a vehicle operating signal and the pressure signal by respectively controlling the outlet only one of the valves opens at the same time to remove hydrogen from only one selected tank at a time to drive the vehicle until the tank unit is emptied to a threshold pressure. In this case, the control device is designed such that it opens the outlet of one of the valves of a tank unit above the threshold pressure in dependence on the pressure signal indicative of a threshold pressure, and wherein each tank unit is connected to an inlet nozzle and valves, which are connected to the connection of a refill line to the intake manifold to flow hydrogen from the inlet port into one or more of the tank units that are at least partially exhausted. Furthermore, the control device is designed so that it opens the valves depending on the pressure in the tank units in each at least partially emptied tank pressure sensors, so that the hydrogen flows in such a way that it first fills the most heavily emptied tank unit until the pressure in this most heavily emptied tank unit reaches a final pressure equal to the maximum supply pressure provided by the refill line or a maximum accumulator pressure of the tank unit and then controls the valves in response to a tank unit pressure signal indicative of the presence of another at least partially depleted tank Align hydrogen flow in such a way that the tank unit that is emptied at the next closest is filled until each at least partially emptied tank unit is filled to the final pressure.

The object of the invention is to offer a solution which makes it possible for motor vehicles whose tank capacity is greater than the refueling capacity available from the filling station, nevertheless at these filling stations completely, in the sense of a complete filling or refilling of the vehicle-side storage container / Refuel storage tank.

In other words, motor vehicles, in particular commercial vehicles with higher tank capacity above a capacity threshold of refueling capacity of the gas station, currently> 10 kg in particular, should be refueled at filling stations with a maximum refueling capacity of less than or equal to 10 kg the refueling of motor vehicles, in particular of passenger cars, are provided, which have a tank capacity less than / equal to the capacity threshold, currently in particular less than or equal to </ = 10 kg.

The starting point of the invention is a hydrogen supply and refueling system for high-pressure storage of gaseous hydrogen on board a vehicle in a vehicle-side subsystem of the refueling system. The refueling system has at least one vehicle-side storage container for storing the hydrogen, which is connected to the complete filling or refilling of the storage container or the storage container via an interface with at least one gas station side storage tank of a filling station side subsystem of the refueling system.

• a) der mindestens eine fahrzeugseitige Speicherbehälter des fahrzeugseitigen Teilsystems eine Tankkapazität aufweist oder
• b) mehrere fahrzeugseitige Speicherbehälter des fahrzeugseitigen Teilsystems zusammen eine Tankkapazität aufweisen,

die innerhalb eines einzigen Betankungsvorgangs oberhalb eines von dem tankstellenseitigen Teilsystem lieferbaren Kapazitäts-Schwellenwertes einer Betankungskapazität liegt.According to the invention, it is provided that

• a) the at least one vehicle-side storage container of the vehicle-side subsystem has a tank capacity or
• b) a plurality of vehicle-side storage containers of the vehicle-side subsystem together have a tank capacity,

within a single refueling operation above one of the gas station side Subsystem available capacity threshold of a refueling capacity is.

According to the invention, the vehicle-side subsystem comprises a refueling unit with at least one control element which adapts the subsystems such that the tank-side subsystem coupled to the filling station side subsystem permits a plurality of refueling operations without exceeding the capacity threshold value of the refueling capacity, thereby advantageously providing complete refilling or complete refilling taking advantage of the full tank capacity of the vehicle-side storage tank / s is effected.

The advantage consists, in particular, in that the refueling unit is arranged with the at least one control on the vehicle side, whereby a motor vehicle equipped with the refueling unit and the control can be fueled at a filling station which can not be used for motor vehicles with a tank capacity above the capacity threshold since a refueling operation without the refueling unit according to the invention is commenced with the at least one control element, since at least one of the described measured values or calculated values of the first refueling protocol SAE J2601-1 is not adhered to.

In other words, the refueling unit with at least one control element ensures that one takes into account the first refueling protocol SAE J2601-1 operated refueling station with a refueling capacity per refueling operation below / equal to the capacity threshold of </ = 10 kg is also available to motor vehicles, in particular commercial vehicles, which have a tank capacity substantially higher than that available in a refueling operation from the refueling station Asked refueling capacity.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the control on the vehicle side downstream of a vehicle-mounted Füllkupplungsventils the vehicle-side Füllkupplungsventil and a filling station filling point filling valve comprehensive interface is arranged integrated in a main feed line.

In a first exemplary embodiment, it is preferably provided that the control element is a control valve block which is integrated in the vehicle-side main supply line and couples the main supply line to one of the at least two storage containers, which together have a tank capacity which is above that of the filling station side Subsystem is available capacity threshold of the maximum refueling capacity, wherein the storage containers have a maximum tank capacity, which corresponds to the maximum capacity threshold of the refueling capacity.

According to the first exemplary embodiment, it is further preferred that a pressure sensor which is connected to the control valve block via a signal line be arranged in the main supply line downstream of the filling coupling valve.

In a likewise preferred second embodiment, the control element is a throttle valve integrated into the vehicle-side main supply line which permanently couples the main supply line to the at least one vehicle-side storage container or to a plurality of storage containers which together have a tank capacity is above the capacity threshold of the maximum refueling capacity that can be supplied by the filling station side subsystem.

In the second exemplary embodiment, it is also preferable for pressure sensors to be arranged upstream and downstream of the throttle valve in the main supply line and to communicate with the throttle valve via a respective signal line.

In both embodiments, it is provided that the refueling unit for determining an ambient temperature of the hydrogen supply and refueling system is connected via a signal line to an outside temperature measuring device. As a result, the refueling can advantageously be carried out as a function of the outside temperature, as has already been explained, and will be explained further in the context of the further description of the figures.

The invention is based on a currently applicable capacity threshold of the deliverable refueling capacity of the filling station side subsystem of the refueling system, which is a maximum of 10 kg of hydrogen within a refueling operation. It is understood that the capacity threshold of the deliverable refueling capacity of the filling station side subsystem can also assume a different value.

The hydrogen supply and refueling system is further characterized in that at least one pressure sensor is assigned to the refueling unit, which determines a starting pressure and / or a target pressure in the vehicle-side storage container (s) within the refueling operations and permits the determination of a refueling pressure ramp, as in FIG The following description will be explained in more detail.

The invention also relates to a method for high-pressure storage of gaseous hydrogen on board a vehicle in a vehicle-side subsystem of the refueling system, which has at least one vehicle-side storage container for storing the hydrogen.

The method is used for the complete filling or refilling of the at least one vehicle-side storage container via an interface via which at least one gas station-side storage tank of a filling station side subsystem of the refueling system is brought into communication with the at least one vehicle-side storage tank.

• a) der mit dem tankstellenseitigen Teilsystem in Verbindung gebrachte mindestens eine fahrzeugseitige Speicherbehälter des fahrzeugseitigen Teilsystems eine Tankkapazität aufweist oder
• b) mehrere fahrzeugseitige Speicherbehälter des fahrzeugseitigen Teilsystems zusammen eine Tankkapazität aufweisen,

die innerhalb eines einzigen Betankungsvorgangs oberhalb eines von dem tankstellenseitigen Teilsystem lieferbaren Kapazitäts-Schwellenwertes einer maximalen Betankungskapazität liegt.According to the invention, it is provided that

• a) the at least one vehicle-side storage container of the vehicle-side subsystem brought into connection with the filling station-side subsystem has a tank capacity or
• b) a plurality of vehicle-side storage containers of the vehicle-side subsystem together have a tank capacity,

which is within a single refueling operation above a capacity threshold value of a maximum refueling capacity that can be supplied by the filling station side subsystem.

In order to overcome this incompatibility or to produce the compatibility of the subsystems, the vehicle-side subsystem comprises a refueling unit with at least one control element which adapts the subsystems to the effect that the vehicle-side subsystem coupled to the filling station side subsystem permits a number of refueling operations depending on the capacity.

By the vehicle-side adaptation, it is possible in carrying out the method in an advantageous manner, the or the vehicle-side storage tank of a motor vehicle, which together has a tank capacity above the capacity threshold of refueling capacity of the gas station / at just this not provided and equipped Filling or refilling the filling station completely.

The invention will be explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Show it:

1 a first hydrogen supply and refueling system A according to the invention, and

2 a second hydrogen supply and refueling system B according to the invention.

As already explained in the introduction, two hydrogen supply and refueling systems, not shown, are known.

The "low tank capacity" system, abbreviated "L" system with low refueling capacity, currently below or equal to a capacity threshold of </ = 10 kg, comprises a first station side subsystem L1 and a second vehicle side subsystem L2.

The "high tank capacity" system, abbreviated "H" system with a higher refueling capacity above the capacity threshold of> 10 kg, comprises a first filling station-side subsystem H1 and a second vehicle-side subsystem H2.

In accordance with the object of the invention, a solution is to be found which makes it possible for motor vehicles with a higher tank capacity above the capacity threshold, in particular> 10 kg, to have at least one storage tank (hydrogen tank) with a higher tank capacity above the capacity threshold of the refueling capacity per refueling operation the refueling point is able to refuel at petrol stations intended for the refueling of motor vehicles, the at least one storage tank (hydrogen tank) with a lower tank capacity below or equal to the capacity threshold, the refueling process possible refueling capacity, in particular with a tank capacity 10 kg.

First hydrogen supply and refueling system A according to the invention

1 shows as a first embodiment, a first inventive hydrogen supply and refueling system A according to the invention with an interface S between a gas station side subsystem L1 of "L" tank system with a nominal storage pressure of, for example, 700 bar, which is intended for the refueling of vehicles with lower tank capacity (with a capacity threshold </ = 10 kg), and a vehicle-mounted subsystem H2 of an "H" tank system, which for refueling with higher tank capacity> 10 kg at a nominal accumulator pressure of 700 bar.

The vehicle-side subsystem H2 of an "H" tank system, which is provided for refueling with a higher tank capacity> 10 kg at a nominal accumulator pressure of 700 bar, can be installed according to the invention in passenger cars and commercial vehicles, so that in an advantageous manner both Passenger cars and commercial vehicles can use the same gas station with the gas station side subsystem L1 of an "L" tank system with a nominal storage pressure of, for example, 700 bar.

The interface S comprises starting from at least one filling station-side hydrogen storage tank TB _n , followed by a filling station on the filling station side 30 the tank-side tank system L1 and a vehicle-side Füllkupplungsventil 31 , which can be coupled and designed for the gas station side pressure, in particular 900 bar above the vehicle-side nominal storage pressure of 700 bar of the at least one storage tank FB _{n of} the vehicle-side subsystem H2 of the motor vehicle.

The arranged in the exemplary embodiment five storage container FB _n (n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5), for example, have a tank capacity of 8 kg, so that the tank capacity of the motor vehicle at a total of 40 kg, thus above the capacity threshold of < / = 10 kg of refueling capacity of the filling station.

In the case of refueling of the motor vehicle, not shown flow direction of the hydrogen from the filling station filling point valve side 30 in the direction of the vehicle-mounted Füllkupplungsventils 31 joins in the vehicle-mounted subsystem H2 of the "H" tank system to the fueling valve 31 a refueling unit according to the invention 100 at.

The refueling unit 100 includes at least one control 110 according to the first hydrogen supply and refueling system A in the manner of a control valve block.

The control valve block 110 makes it possible to have a motor vehicle which has a vehicle-side subsystem H2 with a higher tank capacity (capacity threshold value> 10 kg) with at least one vehicle-side storage tank FB _n (n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) with a nominal storage pressure of, for example, 700 bar, if necessary at a gas station, which is based on the refueling of vehicles according to the first refueling protocol SAE J2601-1 with a maximum refueling capacity of 10 kg per refueling process is designed to refuel.

That is, the gas station side system L1 is still unchanged for motor vehicles having a vehicle-side subsystem L2 system with at least one gas station side, for example 900 bar charged storage tank TB _n for refueling of vehicles with lower tank capacity (capacity threshold per refueling process </ = 10kg) ,

It is using the control unit 100 proceed as follows:
The control valve block 110 the refueling unit 100 is between the vehicle-mounted Füllkupplungsventil 31 and the at least one vehicle-side storage container FB _n (n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) arranged. It is suitably fastened or mounted in the region of the vehicle-side subsystem H2, in particular on the body side.

The control valve block 110 the refueling unit 100 is depending on the design variant i) electrically or ii) mechanically or iii) pneumatically or iv) hydraulically controlled.

The control valve block 110 the refueling unit 100 is in a vehicle and fill clutch side main feed line 130 integrated arranged.

The control valve block 110 includes an input port and a number n output ports, wherein the number n of the output ports on the number n of the vehicle side to be filled storage tank FB _n depends or corresponds.

The open / close control of the outlet openings of the control valve block 110 can in the mechanical design variant, for example by hand ii-1) or for example by mechanical release of a prestressed spring element ii-2) in the sense of switching the output openings of the control valve block 110 be reversed from one to another storage container FB _n .

The control in the sense of switching the output openings of the control valve block 110 and coupling the vehicle and Füllkupplungsseitigen main supply line 130 with the container side feed lines 131 . 132 . 133 . 134 . 135 over the control valve block 110 from a vehicle-side first storage tank FB ₁ to at least one other, the second storage tank FB ₂ , etc. (n = 3, 4, 5) takes place at each of the vehicle-side storage tank FB ₁ , FB ₂ , FB ₃ , FB ₄ , FB ₅ in Dependency of the fulfillment of the mentioned boundary conditions of the first refueling protocol SAE J2601-1 ,

As a result, after completion of the multiple refueling operations of the refueling process referred to as "cascading" or "partial refueling" in the exemplary embodiment, a total of 40 kg of hydrogen at a target pressure of 700 bar in compliance with the first refueling protocol SAE J2601-1 in the motor vehicle having a tank capacity above the capacity threshold of the refueling capacity in the plurality of storage tanks FB _n , advantageously by the design of the refueling unit 100 and the procedure described a gas station side subsystem L1 of an "L" tank system is used with a nominal storage pressure of, for example, 700 bar, which is actually intended for motor vehicles having a storage tank with a tank capacity, the refueling operation below the capacity threshold of refueling capacity of </ = 10kg.

In an advantageous embodiment is in the main feed line 130 downstream of the fueling valve 31 a pressure sensor P1 arranged via a signal line 121 with the control valve block 110 communicates. Thereby, the switching of the control valve block from one outlet opening to the next outlet opening depending on the executed embodiment i) or ii-1) or ii-2) or iii) or iv) depending on the in the main feed line 130 detected start pressure p1 done.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the outside temperature T1 is monitored via an outside temperature measuring device T.

All measured values determined and the calculated values are supplied to a control unit, not shown, which is assigned to the vehicle-side tank system A, and which controls the refueling operations of the "cascading" or "partial" refueling process.

• – Startdruck in jedem der Speicherbehälter FB_n ermittelt über den Drucksensor P1;
• – Zieldruck in jedem der Speicherbehälter FB_n ermittelt über den Drucksensor P1;
• – Betankungsdruckrampe (berechneter Wert) durch Ermittlung des zeitlichen Verlaufes zwischen dem Startdruck und dem Zieldruck;
• – Außentemperatur T1 zur Einstellung der Betankungsdruckrampe in Abhängigkeit der Außentemperatur T1 ermittelt über das Außentemperatur-Messgerät T.

The following measured values and calculated values are made available to the control unit in summary:

• - Starting pressure in each of the storage tank FB _n determined via the pressure sensor P1;
• - Target pressure in each of the storage tank FB _n determined via the pressure sensor P1;
• Refueling pressure ramp (calculated value) by determining the time course between the starting pressure and the target pressure;
• - Outside temperature T1 for setting the refueling pressure ramp as a function of the outside temperature T1 determined via the outside temperature measuring device T.

It is assumed that gas stations will in future be constructed with H1 'partial stations, which make it possible to provide vehicles with higher tank capacity, currently with a capacity threshold> 10 kg and a nominal tank pressure of 700 bar according to the second SAE refueling protocol J2601-2 to refuel.

For this future case will be in the refueling unit 100 within the vehicle-side subsystem H2 with a higher tank capacity, a bypass line 140 formed, which makes it possible, or the storage container FB _n after the second refueling protocol SAE J2601-2 to refuel.

On the bypass line 140 can be switched according to one of the embodiments i) or ii-1) or ii-2) or iii) or iv). The control valve block 110 then has another in the sixth exemplary output opening, which with the bypass line 140 communicates.

So that a filling of the storage container or the storage tank FB _n after the second refueling protocol SAE J2601-2 can be done is the bypass line 140 with the or the container side feed lines 131 . 132 . 133 . 134 . 135 the storage container or the storage container FB _n connected, wherein between the main supply line 130 in designated connecting lines check valves 150 are arranged, the one flow direction exclusively from the bypass line 140 via the container-side feed lines 131 . 132 . 133 . 134 . 135 in the or the storage container FB _n allow.

The check valves 150 only assume an open position when hydrogen flows through the bypass line 140 in the direction of the storage tank or the storage tank FB _n flows.

When not on the bypass line 140 "cascading" or "partial" refueling are the check valves 150 closed, so that the storage container FB _{n are} successively filled under the condition that always the previous storage container FB _{n has} already been filled.

In other words, the "cascading" or "partial" refueling process takes place by first filling the first storage tank FB ₁ in a refueling operation, then another in a second storage tank FB ₂ , etc., until the five storage tanks FB _n arranged in the illustrated embodiment _{= 5} using the first refueling protocol SAE J2601-1 completely filled or completely refilled.

The pressure p1 can be determined via the pressure sensor P1. As a result, it can be determined, depending on the pressure, that a storage container FB _{n is} completely filled when its predetermined target pressure is reached.

It is clear that the vehicle-side subsystem H2 according to the invention with the first refueling unit according to the invention 100 each at a vehicle-side nominal storage pressure of 700 bar summarizes the or the storage tank FB _n , the control valve block 100 and the bypass line 140 has, so that the inventive Vehicle-side subsystem H2 advantageously both to a gas station side subsystem L1 with a tank capacity (capacity threshold </ = 10 kg in compliance with the first refueling protocol SAE J2601-1 ) as well as to a filling station-side subsystem H1 '(capacity threshold </ = 10 kg in compliance with the second refueling protocol SAE J2601-2 ) is connectable.

It is understood that the arrangement of the bypass line 140 represents only an optional embodiment, but advantageously provides a higher variability in terms of the possible use of both filling station side subsystems L1, H1 '.

The removal of the hydrogen and supply to a fuel cell or a hydrogen-burning internal combustion engine takes place via the removal lines 161 . 162 . 163 . 164 . 165 assigned to each storage tank FB _n .

In the foregoing description of the first hydrogen supply and refueling system A, it is apparent that each storage tank FB _n has its own tank-side supply line 131 . 132 . 133 . 134 . 135 is assigned.

In the second hydrogen supply and refueling system B explained below, between the second refueling unit constituting an embodiment of the invention is illustrated 200 and the storage container or storage containers FB _n also only a vehicle and Fuellkupplungsungsseitige main supply line 130 required, which is guided to the at least one storage tank FB _n (n = 1). This main feeder pipe 130 However, in the second embodiment via a branch to all container-side feed lines 130A . 130B . 130C . 130D . 130E coupled, which are guided according to the second embodiment to the plurality, in particular five storage tanks FB _n (n = 5).

Second hydrogen supply and refueling system B according to the invention

2 shows a second inventive hydrogen supply and refueling system B with an analog interface S between a gas station side subsystem L1 of an "L" tank system with a nominal storage pressure of, for example, 700 bar, which for the refueling of vehicles with lower tank capacity (with a capacity threshold </ = 10 kg of refueling capacity per refueling operation is provided, and a vehicle-side subsystem H2 of a "H" tank system, which is intended for refueling with higher tank capacity> 10 kg at a nominal storage pressure of 700 bar.

The interface S comprises starting from at least one filling station-side hydrogen storage tank TB _n , followed by a filling station on the filling station side 30 the tank-side tank system L1 and a vehicle-side Füllkupplungsventil 31 , which can be coupled and designed for the gas station side pressure, in particular 900 bar above the vehicle-side nominal storage pressure of 700 bar of the at least one storage tank FB _{n of} the vehicle-side subsystem H2 of the motor vehicle.

The five storage tanks FB _n (n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5), which are likewise arranged comparatively to the first exemplary embodiment in the second exemplary embodiment, for example, again have a tank capacity of 8 kg each, so that the tank capacity of the motor vehicle totals 40 kg, thus above the maximum possible capacity threshold value of </ = 10 kg of the refueling capacity for a refueling operation.

In the case of refueling of the motor vehicle, not shown flow direction of the hydrogen from the filling station filling point valve side 30 in the direction of the vehicle-mounted Füllkupplungsventils 31 joins the Füllkupplungsventil in the vehicle-mounted subsystem H2 of the "H" -Tanksystems according to the second embodiment of the invention 31 a second refueling unit according to the invention 200 at.

The second refueling unit 200 includes at least one control 210 , according to the second hydrogen supply and refueling system B in the manner of a throttle valve.

The throttle valve 210 also makes it possible, a motor vehicle, which has a vehicle-side subsystem H2 with higher tank capacity (capacity threshold> 10kg) with at least one vehicle-side storage tank FB _n (n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) with a nominal storage pressure of, for example, 700 bar if necessary at a gas station, which is based on the refueling of vehicles according to the first refueling protocol SAE J2601-1 with a maximum refueling capacity of </ = kg per refueling process is designed to refuel.

In this case, the filling station side system L1 continues to be designed for motor vehicles having a vehicle-side subsystem L2 with at least one gas station side, for example, 900 bar charged storage tank TB _n for refueling of vehicles with lower tank capacity (capacity threshold </ = 10kg).

The procedure is as follows:
About the throttle valve 210 the at least one vehicle-side storage tank FB _n (n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) of the motor vehicle, in particular the vehicle-side storage tank FB _n (n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) of the vehicle-side subsystem H2 filled.

It is by means of the throttle valve 210 an adaptive throttling in the main feed line 130 carried out in a kind of simulation that transmits to the filling station side system L1 values that are the first refueling protocol SAE J2601-1 so that the filling station side system L1 does not recognize that a tank system size not intended for the filling station side system L1 is refueled with a tank capacity> 10 kg per refueling operation.

The starting pressure p 3 is detected by a pressure sensor P3, which is arranged in front of the or the storage container / n FB _n. Alternatively, the pressure sensor P2 can be used to determine the starting pressure, so that p2 the starting pressure and in operation the pressure p2 behind the throttle valve 210 represents.

Starting from the starting pressure p3 used in the exemplary embodiment and the outside temperature T1 becomes the adaptive throttling of the throttle valve 210 controlled such that the refueling pressure ramp according to the first refueling protocol SAE J2601-1 for a maximum of 10 kg (</ = of the capacity threshold of 10 kg refueling capacity) individual refueling. To determine the outside temperature T1, an outside temperature measuring device T is also arranged in the second embodiment, which determines an outside temperature T1.

As a result, 10 kg of hydrogen are distributed after a refueling operation in the entire vehicle-side tank system, thus in the at least one vehicle-side storage tank FB _n (n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) of the motor vehicle, the target pressure p3 determined via the pressure sensor P3, which is arranged in front of the or the storage container / n FB _n , is not reached by 700 bar.

In the second embodiment, the at least one or each of the storage tanks FB _n (n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) may have a tank capacity that is above or below the capacity threshold, unlike the first embodiment throttle valve 210 ensures that, at the filling station side, a pressure p1 is present in front of the throttle valve, which matches a storage tank FB _n (n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) having a tank capacity of </ = the capacity threshold of the refueling capacity of 10 kg does not exceed.

By another refueling operation or several refueling operations is carried out in compliance with the refueling pressure ramp according to the first refueling protocol SAE J2601-1 for a maximum of 10 kg (</ = of the capacity threshold of 10 kg) comprising individual refueling further hydrogen supplied until the vehicle-side storage container or FB _n (n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) completely filled or completely refilled are nominal and the storage pressure of 700 bar in the vehicle side or the storage container / n FB _n is reached.

The throttle valve 210 the second refueling unit 200 is between the vehicle-mounted Füllkupplungsventil 31 and the at least one vehicle-side storage container FB _n (n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) arranged. It is suitably fastened or mounted in the region of the vehicle-side subsystem H2, in particular on the body side.

The throttle valve 210 the refueling unit 200 is depending on the design variant i) electrically or ii) mechanically or iii) pneumatically or iv) hydraulically controlled.

The throttle valve 210 the second refueling unit 200 is in the vehicle and Fuellkupplungsseitige main supply line 130 integrated arranged.

The throttle valve 210 includes an entrance opening and an exit opening.

The open / close control or regulation of the throttle valve 210 can be done hydraulically controlled depending on the design variant i) electrically or ii) mechanically or iii) pneumatically or iv).

The control and regulation of the throttle valve 210 in the main feeder pipe 130 causes the refueling of the vehicle-side storage tank FB ₁ , FB ₂ , FB ₃ , FB ₄ , FB ₅ via the container-side feed lines 130A . 130B . 130C . 130D . 130E depending on the fulfillment of the aforementioned boundary conditions of the first refueling protocol SAE J2601-1 ,

As a result, after completion of the designated as "adaptive throttling" refueling process, which includes several refueling operations, in the embodiment, a total of 40 kg of hydrogen at a target pressure of 700 bar in compliance with the first refueling protocol SAE J2601-1 in the motor vehicle with a tank capacity above the capacity threshold value of the refueling capacity per refueling operation stored in the plurality of storage tanks FB _n , wherein advantageously by the configuration of the second refueling unit 200 and the described Approach a gas station side subsystem L1 of an "L" tank system is used with a nominal storage pressure of, for example, 700 bar, which is actually intended for motor vehicles having at least one storage tank with a tank capacity that is below the capacity threshold of </ = 10kg ,

In an advantageous embodiment is in the main feed line 130 upstream and downstream of the throttle valve 210 each a pressure sensor P1, P2 arranged, each via a signal line 221 with the throttle valve 210 and measure the already mentioned form p1 and a reprint p2.

This allows the control and regulation of the throttle valve 210 in the main feeder pipe 130 depending on the implemented embodiment i) or ii) or iii) or iv) depending on the over the throttle valve 210 detected differential pressure Δp12 done.

All determined measured values and calculated values are fed to a control unit, not shown, which is assigned to the vehicle-side tank system B and which controls the refueling process of the "adaptive throttling".

• – Differenzdruckes Δp12 über das Drosselventil 210 über die Drucksensoren P1, P2
• – Startdruck p3 in dem oder den Speicherbehälter/n FB_n ermittelt über den Drucksensor P3 oder alternativ Verwendung von p2 als Startdruck ermittelt über den Drucksensor P2;
• – Zieldruck p3 in jedem der Speicherbehälter FB_n ermittelt über den Drucksensor P3;
• – Betankungsdruckrampe (berechneter Wert) durch Ermittlung des zeitlichen Verlaufes zwischen dem Startdruck und dem Zieldruck;
• – Außentemperatur T1 zur Einstellung der Betankungsdruckrampe in Abhängigkeit der Außentemperatur T1 ermittelt durch das Außentemperatur-Messgerät T.

The following measured values and calculated values are made available to the control unit in summary:

• - Differential pressure Δp12 via the throttle valve 210 via the pressure sensors P1, P2
• - Starting pressure p3 in the or the storage tank / n FB _n determined via the pressure sensor P3 or alternatively using p2 as the starting pressure determined via the pressure sensor P2;
• Target pressure p3 in each of the storage tanks FB _n determined via the pressure sensor P3;
• Refueling pressure ramp (calculated value) by determining the time course between the starting pressure and the target pressure;
• - Outside temperature T1 for setting the refueling pressure ramp as a function of the outside temperature T1 determined by the outside temperature measuring device T.

The removal of the hydrogen and supply to a fuel cell or a hydrogen-burning internal combustion engine takes place in the second embodiment, analogous to the first embodiment via the removal lines 161 . 162 . 163 . 164 . 165 , which are assigned to each storage tank FB _n .

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

S

Schnittstelle

L

700 bar Tanksystem mit geringer Tankkapazität

L1

tankstellenseitiges Teilsystem (Kapazitäts-Schwellenwert </= 10 kg)

L2

fahrzeugseitiges Teilsystem (Kapazitäts-Schwellenwert </= 10 kg)

H

350 bar Tanksystem mit hoher Tankkapazität

H1

tankstellenseitiges Teilsystem (Kapazitäts-Schwellenwert > 10 kg)

H2

fahrzeugseitiges Teilsystem (Kapazitäts-Schwellenwert > 10 kg)

H1‘

700 bar tankstellenseitiges Teilsystem (Kapazitäts-Schwellenwert > 10 kg)

TBn

tankstellenseitige Vorratsspeicherbehälter (n = Anzahl)

FB_n

fahrzeugseitige Speicherbehälter (n = Anzahl)

30

tankstellenseitiges Füllkupplungsventil

31

fahrzeugseitiges Füllkupplungsventil

130

Hauptzuführ-Leitung

Erste Ausführungsform:

A

Betankungssystem

100

Betankungseinheit

110

Steuerelement

121

Signalleitung

131; 132, 133, 134, 135

behälterseitige Zuführ-Leitungen

140

Bypass-Leitung

150

Rückschlagventil/e

161; 162, 163, 164, 165

behälterseitige Entnahme-Leitungen

P1

Drucksensor

p1

Druck

T

Außentemperatur-Messgerät

T1

Außentemperatur

Zweite Ausführungsform:

B

Betankungssystem

200

Betankungseinheit

210

Steuerelement

130A; 130B, 130C, 130D, 130E

behälterseitige Zuführ-Leitungen

161; 162, 163, 164, 165

behälterseitige Entnahme-Leitungen

P1

Drucksensor

p1

Druck

P2

Drucksensor

p2

Druck

P3

Drucksensor

p3

Druck

221

Signalleitungen

Δp12

Differenzdruck zwischen p1/p2

T

Außentemperatur-Messgerät

T1

Außentemperatur

State of the art:

S

interface

L

700 bar tank system with low tank capacity

L1

Gas station side subsystem (capacity threshold </ = 10 kg)

L2

on-board subsystem (capacity threshold </ = 10 kg)

H

350 bar tank system with high tank capacity

H1

Gas station side subsystem (capacity threshold> 10 kg)

H2

on-board subsystem (capacity threshold> 10 kg)

H1 '

700 bar filling station-side subsystem (capacity threshold> 10 kg)

TBn

Tank storage tanks on the supply side (n = number)

FB _n

vehicle storage tanks (n = number)

30

filling station-side fueling valve

31

on-board fueling valve

130

Hauptzuführ line

First embodiment:

A

refueling system

100

refueling unit

110

control

121

signal line

131; 132, 133, 134, 135

Container-side feed lines

140

Bypass line

150

Check valve / e

161; 162, 163, 164, 165

Container-side removal lines

P1

pressure sensor

p1

print

T

Outside temperature gauge

T1

outside temperature

Second embodiment:

B

refueling system

200

refueling unit

210

control

130A; 130B, 130C, 130D, 130E

Container-side feed lines

161; 162, 163, 164, 165

Container-side removal lines

P1

pressure sensor

p1

print

P2

pressure sensor

p2

print

P3

pressure sensor

p3

print

221

signal lines

Δp12

Differential pressure between p1 / p2

T

Outside temperature gauge

T1

outside temperature

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• WO 2006/021699 A1 [0008]
• EP 1800930 A1 [0009]

Cited non-patent literature

• SAE J2601-1 [0003]
• SAE J2601-1 [0003]
• SAE J2601-1 [0003]
• SAE J2601-1 [0003]
• SAE J2601-1 [0004]
• SAE J2601-1 [0006]
• SAE J2601-2 [0006]
• SAE J2601-2 [0006]
• SAE J2601-1 [0015]
• SAE J2601-1 [0016]
• SAE J2601-1 [0043]
• SAE J2601-1 [0050]
• SAE J2601-1 [0051]
• J2601-2 [0056]
• SAE J2601-2 [0057]
• SAE J2601-2 [0059]
• SAE J2601-1 [0062]
• SAE J2601-1 [0064]
• SAE J2601-2 [0064]
• SAE J2601-1 [0074]
• SAE J2601-1 [0077]
• SAE J2601-1 [0079]
• SAE J2601-1 [0082]
• SAE J2601-1 [0088]
• SAE J2601-1 [0089]

Claims (11)

Hydrogen supply and refueling system (A, B) for high-pressure storage of gaseous hydrogen on board a vehicle in a vehicle-mounted subsystem (H2) of the refueling system (A, B), which has at least one vehicle-side storage tank (FB _n ) for storing the hydrogen, the complete filling or refilling of the at least one vehicle-side storage container (FB _n ) via an interface (S; 30 . 31 ) with at least one gas station side storage tank (TB _n ) a gas station side subsystem (L1) of the refueling system (A, B) is in communication, characterized in that the at least one vehicle-side storage tank (FB _n ) of the vehicle-mounted subsystem (H2) or more vehicle-side storage tank (FB _n ) of the vehicle-mounted subsystem (H2) together has a tank capacity which lies within a single refueling operation above a capacity threshold value of a refueling capacity that can be supplied by the filling station-side subsystem (L1), wherein the vehicle-side subsystem (H2) is a refueling unit ( 100 . 200 ) with at least one control ( 110 . 210 ), which adapts the subsystems (L1, H2) such that the vehicle-side subsystem (H2) coupled to the filling station side subsystem (H2) permits a number of refueling operations depending on the capacity without exceeding the capacity threshold of the refueling capacity of the filling station side subsystem (L1) complete filling or full refilling using the full tank capacity of the vehicle-side storage container ( _s ) (FB _n ) is effected. Hydrogen supply and refueling system (A, B) according to claim 1, characterized in that the control element ( 110 . 210 ) on the vehicle side downstream of a vehicle-mounted Füllkupplungsventils ( 31 ) of the vehicle-mounted Füllkupplungsventil ( 31 ) and a filling point filling valve ( 30 ) comprehensive interface (S) in a main feed line ( 130 ) is arranged integrated. Hydrogen supply and refueling system (A) according to claim 1, characterized in that the control element ( 110 ) is a control valve block which is the main supply line ( 130 ) with in each case one of the at least two storage containers (FB _n ) coupled, which together have a tank capacity, which is above the from the gas station side subsystem (L1) available capacity threshold value of the maximum refueling capacity, wherein the storage container (FB _n ) have a maximum tank capacity which corresponds at most to the capacity threshold. Hydrogen supply and refueling system (A) according to claim 2 and 3, characterized in that in the main supply line ( 130 ) downstream of the fueling valve ( 31 ) a pressure sensor (P1) is arranged, which via a signal line ( 121 ) with the control valve block ( 110 ). Hydrogen supply and refueling system (B) according to claim 1, characterized in that the control element ( 210 ) is a throttle valve, which is the main supply line ( 130 ) permanently coupled to the at least one vehicle-side storage tank (FB _n ), the together or has a tank capacity / s, which is above the capacity of the gas station side subsystem (L1) Capacity threshold of the maximum refueling capacity. Hydrogen supply and refueling system (B) according to claim 2 and 5, characterized in that in the main supply line ( 130 ) upstream and downstream of the throttle valve ( 210 ) Pressure sensors (P1, P2) are arranged, each having a signal line ( 221 ) with the throttle valve ( 210 ) keep in touch. Hydrogen supply and refueling system (A, B) according to claim 2 or 5, characterized in that the refueling unit ( 100 . 200 ) for determining an ambient temperature (T1) of the hydrogen supply and refueling system (A, B) via a signal line with an outside temperature measuring device (T) is in communication. Hydrogen supply and refueling system (A, B) according to claim 1, characterized in that the capacity threshold of the deliverable refueling capacity of the filling station side subsystem (L1) of the refueling system (A, B) within a refueling operation is a maximum of 10 kg of hydrogen. Hydrogen supply and refueling system (A, B) according to claim 1, characterized in that the refueling unit ( 100 . 200 ) at least one pressure sensor (P1, P2) is assigned, which determines a start pressure and / or a target pressure in the vehicle-side storage tank ( _s ) ( _n ) and allows the calculation of a refueling pressure ramp within the refueling operations. Method for high-pressure storage of gaseous hydrogen on board a vehicle in a vehicle-side subsystem (H2) of the refueling system (A, B), which has at least one vehicle-side storage tank (FB _n ) for storing the hydrogen for complete filling or refilling of the at least one vehicle-side storage tank (FB _n ) over an interface (S; 30 . 31 ), via which at least one filling station storage reservoir (TB _n ) of a filling station side subsystem (L1) of the refueling system (A, B) is connected to the at least one vehicle-side storage vessel (FB _n ), characterized in that the filling station side subsystem ( L1) brought together at least one vehicle-side storage tank (FB _n ) of the vehicle-mounted subsystem (H2) or more vehicle-side storage tank (FB _n ) of the vehicle-mounted subsystem (H2) together have a tank capacity / en which within a single refueling operation above one of the gas station side Subsystem (L1) available capacity threshold of maximum refueling capacity, which is why the on-board subsystem (H2) a refueling unit ( 100 . 200 ) with at least one control ( 110 . 210 ), which adapts the subsystems (L1, H2) to the effect that the vehicle-side subsystem (H2) coupled to the filling station-side subsystem (L1) permits a number of refueling operations depending on the capacity. Vehicle having a hydrogen supply and refueling system (A, B) which has at least one vehicle-side storage tank (FB _n ) for storing the hydrogen for high-pressure storage of gaseous hydrogen in a vehicle-side subsystem (H2) of the refueling system (A, B) Filling or refilling via an interface (S; 30 . 31 ) (With at least one filling station side supply reservoir TB _n) of a gas station-side subsystem (L1) of the filling system (A, B) can be brought into connection, characterized in that the at least one vehicle-side storage container (FB _n) of the vehicle-side subsystem (H2) or more vehicle-side Storage tank (FB _n ) of the vehicle-mounted subsystem (H2) together has / have a tank capacity which lies within a single refueling operation above a capacity threshold of a refueling capacity that can be supplied by the filling station-side subsystem (L1), wherein the vehicle-side subsystem (H2) is a refueling unit ( 100 . 200 ) with at least one control ( 110 . 210 ), which adapts the subsystems (L1, H2) such that the vehicle-side subsystem (H2) coupled to the filling station side subsystem (H2) permits a number of refueling operations depending on the capacity without exceeding the capacity threshold of the refueling capacity of the filling station side subsystem (L1) complete filling or full refilling using the full tank capacity of the vehicle-side storage container ( _s ) (FB _n ) is effected.

Images