DE102016005644A1 - Bearing device for axially supporting a crankshaft of a reciprocating engine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a bearing device for the axial bearing of a crankshaft on a crankcase of a reciprocating engine, with at least one bearing opening (12) for at least partially receiving a shaft journal of the crankshaft limiting bearing element (10), and with at least one thrust bearing (16, 18) in which the crankshaft is supported in its axial direction, wherein the bearing element (10) on at least one side (20, 22) has a receptacle (24, 26) in which the thrust bearing (16, 18) is at least partially accommodated.

Description

The invention relates to a bearing device for the axial bearing of a crankshaft of a reciprocating engine according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

Such a bearing device for axially supporting a crankshaft on a crankcase of a reciprocating engine, for example, is already off DE 29 20 818 A1 known. The bearing device comprises at least one bearing opening for at least partially receiving a shaft journal of the crankshaft limiting bearing element, which is designed for example as a bearing block or bearing cap. Furthermore, the bearing device comprises at least one thrust bearing part, on which the crankshaft can be supported in its axial direction. Typically, the thrust bearing member is formed separately from the bearing member and must be mounted in addition to the bearing member and in addition to the crankshaft.

The thrust bearing part forms a thrust bearing, via which the crankshaft can be supported in its axial direction on the crankcase and thus to be stored. The thrust bearing is used to absorb axial forces acting on the crankshaft and to support the crankcase. In this case, the thrust bearing part is usually also referred to as thrust washer, usually several thrust washers are used. These thrust washers are usually inserted into the crankcase or in the bearing element, so that at least a length range of the crankshaft is circumferentially completely surrounded circumferentially of the thrust washers. In the ready-made state of the reciprocating engine, the thrust washers usually formed of a metallic material are laterally on the one hand on a crank arm of the crankshaft and on the other hand on the bearing element, in particular on the bearing block or on the bearing cap, so that the crankshaft can be supported by mediation of the thrust bearing on the bearing element is.

Usually, the thrust bearing has advantageous sliding properties, so that the crankshaft can rotate easily, with axial forces can be absorbed without damage. The assembly of such thrust washers and thus the reciprocating engine as a whole is relatively complex and cumbersome.

Object of the present invention is therefore to develop a bearing device of the type mentioned in such a way that a particularly simple assembly of the reciprocating engine can be realized.

This object is achieved by a storage device with the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments with expedient developments of the invention are specified in the remaining claims.

To further develop a bearing device specified in the preamble of claim 1 type such that a particularly simple and thus time and cost assembly of the reciprocating engine can be realized, it is inventively provided that the bearing element has on at least one side a receptacle in which the Axiallagerteil at least partially, in particular at least predominantly, is added. This makes it possible to arrange the axial bearing part forming a thrust bearing in the receptacle formed, for example, as a recess and in particular to insert it into the receptacle so that conventional thrust washers, which are usually used in a main bearing lane of the reciprocating piston engine, can be completely eliminated.

The bearing element is designed for example as a bearing block or as a bearing cap, it being possible to realize a particularly simple assembly of the reciprocating engine to arrange the thrust bearing in the receptacle or insert into the receptacle before the bearing element and the crankshaft are mounted on the crankcase of the reciprocating engine , By arranging the thrust bearing in the receptacle, it is possible to equip the bearing element before its arrangement or assembly on the crankcase with the thrust bearing, so that the thrust bearing can be mounted in its arranged in the recording state and thus simultaneously with the bearing element. This eliminates a time-consuming and costly separate installation of separate thrust washers. Furthermore, it is not intended and necessary to dispose of separate thrust washers during assembly of the crankshaft between this and the crankcase, so that the assembly of the crankshaft is simplified compared to conventional reciprocating engines.

Usually, the reciprocating engine in its finished state produced a plurality of bearing elements, in particular bearing caps on. By using the bearing device according to the invention, it is possible that all, for example, in the main bearing lane used bearing caps have the same blank shape, so that a particularly high number of identical parts of the reciprocating engine can be realized. As a result, the cost of mounting and manufacturing the reciprocating engine can be kept very low. In addition, can be dispensed with a time-consuming and costly processing on the camp chair, so that the cost of producing the reciprocating engine can be kept very low.

Another advantage is that can be made particularly narrow in the axial direction of the crankshaft by the use of the bearing device of the invention, the bearing block and the bearing cap, so that the weight of the reciprocating engine can be kept in a very small frame. In addition, a particularly low-friction bearing of the crankshaft can be realized, so that, for example, the CO ₂ emissions of the example designed as an internal combustion engine reciprocating engine can be kept very low. In addition, the number of parts and thus the weight of the reciprocating engine can be kept low. Further, since the thrust bearing can be arranged in the corresponding receptacle, the probability of assembly errors can be kept low, so that a particularly safe installation of the reciprocating engine can be realized. As a result, a particularly high level of operational reliability can furthermore be ensured. Overall, it is possible through the use of the bearing device to reduce material costs, manufacturing costs and installation costs compared to conventional reciprocating engines.

By arranging the thrust bearing part in the receptacle, the thrust bearing part is designed as an axial bearing integrated in the bearing element. In order to realize a particularly low-friction bearing of the crankshaft, in particular in the axial direction, it is preferably provided that the thrust bearing part is formed from a high-quality plastic. This means that the thrust bearing part is preferably formed as a plastic bearing, which is preferably temperature resistant and insensitive to oil, thereby realizing a low-friction bearing of the crankshaft over a long service life

In the finished state of the reciprocating engine, the side of the bearing element and thus arranged in the receptacle thrust bearing are arranged opposite the crankshaft or facing the crankshaft, wherein the thrust bearing in particular a crank arm facing the crankshaft. As a result, the crankshaft can be supported, for example, via its crank web on the axial bearing part in the axial direction of the crankshaft, whereby axial forces acting on the crankshaft can be absorbed and supported.

It has also proven to be particularly advantageous if the axial bearing is fastened to the bearing element. For this purpose, the thrust bearing part is glued, for example, with the bearing element and / or pressed into the receptacle and / or bolted to the bearing element and / or cast into the receptacle and / or locked to the bearing element, that is snapped into the receptacle. Alternatively or additionally, it is provided that the bearing element is designed as a metal-plastic hybrid component, so that, for example, a formed of a metallic material and the receptacle having body and the plastic bearing thrust bearing part are provided.

Further advantages, features and details of the invention will become apparent from the following description of a preferred embodiment and from the drawings; these show in:

1 a schematic front view of a bearing means for rotatably supporting a crankshaft of a reciprocating engine, with at least one bearing opening for at least partially receiving a shaft journal of the crankshaft limiting and formed as a bearing cap bearing element, and with at least one thrust bearing on which the crankshaft is supported in its axial direction, wherein the bearing element has a receptacle on at least one side, in which the thrust bearing part is at least partially received;

2 a schematic sectional view through the bearing device along the crankshaft axis

In the figures, identical or functionally identical elements are provided with the same reference numerals.

1 shows in a schematic front view of a bearing means for rotatably and axially supporting a crankshaft 30 on a crankcase 50 a reciprocating engine. The reciprocating engine is designed for example as a reciprocating internal combustion engine and part of a drive train of a motor vehicle, which is drivable by means of the reciprocating piston engine. For this purpose, the reciprocating engine can provide torques for driving the motor vehicle via its crankshaft designed as a drive shaft.

The crankcase 50 For example, has one piece with the crankcase 50 trained camp chair 40 on, which is a first bearing element. For example, the crankcase 50 and thus the camp chair 40 manufactured in one piece by casting. Usually, the storage chair 40 a plurality of in the axial direction of the crankshaft 30 successively arranged or successively arranged bearing points, which are components of a storage lane, in particular a main storage lane. At the respective Bearing limited the storage chair 40 in each case a first bearing opening, in which a respective shaft journal of the crankshaft 30 at least partially locatable. The respective bearing opening delimits a respective bearing receptacle provided at the respective bearing point to a first part, in particular to a first half, wherein the respective bearing receptacle is also designated as a bearing bore.

In the 1 The bearing device shown here includes one as a bearing cap 10 trained second bearing element, each bearing a bearing cap 10 is provided. The bearing cap 10 has a bearing opening 12 on, which is a second part or the second half of the respective, previously mentioned bearing receptacle. The bearing cap 10 is separate from the crankcase 50 and thus separately from the storage chair 40 manufactured and used as part of the assembly of the reciprocating engine with the crankcase 50 , especially with the camp chair 40 , screwed, whereby the respective bearing seat is completely formed by the respective bearing openings. In its rotatable on the crankcase 50 stored state penetrates the respective shaft journal of the reciprocating engine, the respective bearing mount, so that the shaft journal in each case partially in the bearing opening of the bearing block 40 and in the warehouse opening 12 of the bearing cap 10 is included. Thus, the crankshaft 30 over the camp chair 40 and the bearing cap 10 rotatable on the crankcase 50 stored, so the crankshaft 30 around a rotation axis 14 relative to the crankcase 50 is rotatable.

The crankshaft 30 is in its radial direction on the bearing block 40 and on the bearing cap 10 supported, for example, a radial bearing part 60 in the radial direction between the shaft journal and the bearing elements (bearing cap 10 and storage chair 40 ) can be arranged. This radial bearing part is, for example, a rolling bearing or a plain bearing such as a plain bearing shell. The crankshaft is thus over its shaft journal and over the radial bearing part 60 supported in the radial direction of the crankshaft to the bearing elements and thus to the crankcase 50 rotatably mounted.

In synopsis with 2 It can be seen that the bearing means for axially supporting the crankshaft 30 thrust bearing parts 16 and 18 having. Here is the crankshaft 30 in its axial direction on the thrust bearing parts 16 and 18 supportable, so the crankshaft 30 over the thrust bearing parts 16 and 18 in the axial direction of the crankshaft 30 on the crankcase 50 and in the present case on the bearing cap 10 can be supported and thus stored.

In the finished state of the reciprocating engine, for example, the thrust bearing part 16 a first crank arm 35 the crankshaft 30 facing, so the crankshaft 30 in its axial direction over the first crank arm 35 on the thrust bearing part 16 can be supported and thus stored. Alternatively or additionally, it is conceivable that the thrust bearing part 18 in the axial direction of the crankshaft 30 a second crank arm 36 the crankshaft 30 facing, so for example, the crankshaft 30 in its axial direction over the second crank arm 36 on the thrust bearing part 18 can be supported and thus stored. The thrust bearing parts 16 and 18 are on each, in the axial direction of the crankshaft 30 facing away from each other pages 20 and 22 of the bearing cap 10 arranged.

During operation of the reciprocating engine occur at the crankshaft 30 Forces in the axial direction. These forces result, for example, from clutch operations, uphill and downhill driving, cornering, decelerations, accelerations and from a converter of a transmission of the drive train designed, for example, as an automatic transmission. Furthermore arise during operation dynamic forces that result inter alia from combustion processes in each cylinder formed as combustion chambers of the reciprocating engine. To accommodate these axial forces come the respective, respective thrust bearing performing thrust bearing parts 16 and 18 for use. Usually either two or four separate, separate from the crankshaft 30 and trained separately from the bearing elements thrust washers or a so-called built warehouse for use. These are usually formed from a metallic material and optionally have a coating on a contact surface. Thus, usually two different blanks for the bearing cap 10 be used.

However, in order to realize a particularly simple and thus time and cost-effective installation of the reciprocating engine and to keep their costs particularly low, has the bearing cap 10 on the in the axial direction of the crankshaft 30 facing away from each other pages 20 and 22 one recording each 24 respectively 26 on, in which the respective thrust bearing part 16 respectively 18 at least partially, in particular at least predominantly.

Out 1 is the example of the thrust bearing part 16 recognizable that the respective thrust bearing part 16 respectively 18 at least substantially semicircular. Consequently, for example, the respective recording 24 respectively 26 formed as at least substantially semicircular groove, which, for example, in the bearing cap 10 on the respective page 20 respectively 22 is incorporated. The respective thrust bearing part 16 respectively 18 is for example, separately from the bearing cap 10 trained and in each corresponding recording 24 respectively 26 used. The respective thrust bearing part 16 respectively 18 For example, by inserting, pressing, gluing, screwing, pouring or snapping or by means of a snap connection in the corresponding receptacle 24 respectively 26 used. It is also conceivable that in the respective recording 24 respectively 26 several, designed as thrust bearing parts bearing segments are installed or used. The respective thrust bearing part 16 respectively 18 is preferably formed of a high quality plastic and thus formed as a high quality plastic bearings.

Furthermore, it is off 1 using the example of the thrust bearing part 16 recognizable that the respective thrust bearing part 16 respectively 18 preferably a surface structure 28 for forming a hydrodynamic gap between the thrust bearing part 16 respectively 18 and the crankshaft 30 , in particular the respective crank arm 35 . 36 , having. During operation of the reciprocating engine, the crankshaft rotates 30 around its axis of rotation 14 relative to the thrust bearing parts 16 and 18 , Through the use of the surface structure 28 occurs between the crankshaft 30 and the respective thrust bearing part 16 respectively 18 a hydrodynamic gap, so that a particularly low-friction bearing of the crankshaft 30 is feasible.

The bearing device allows a particularly simple assembly of the thrust bearing and thus the reciprocating engine as a whole, since the bearing cap 10 for example, before its arrangement on or in the crankcase 50 with the thrust bearing parts 16 and 18 can be equipped. In addition, the assembly costs are greatly reduced. Another benefit is the reduction in the likelihood of assembly errors. It was found that the cost of the thrust bearing parts 16 and 18 many times smaller than conventional metal-made thrust washers. By means of the storage device also the friction of the reciprocating engine can be kept particularly low, so that the CO ₂ emissions can be kept in a very small frame. Since the respective thrust bearing part 16 respectively 18 is preferably formed entirely of a plastic, the weight of the respective thrust bearing part 16 respectively 18 and the reciprocating engine are kept very low overall. Further, machining of the bearing cap may occur 10 and the camp chair 40 be avoided or significantly simplified. In addition, the same blanks can be used for the respective bearing caps, so that a particularly high number of identical parts can be realized. As a result, the tool costs can be reduced.

The surface structure formed as a hydrodynamic structure 28 can be produced for example by means of a cost-minimized plastic injection molding process, so that the respective thrust bearing part 16 respectively 18 itself can be made particularly inexpensive.

Overall is off 1 and 2 recognizable that in comparison to conventional reciprocating engines, the assembly of the reciprocating engine can be facilitated, since a separate provision and introduction of separate thrust washers can be omitted. The designed as a plastic bearing thrust bearing parts 16 and 18 can be preferred with the bearing cap 10 come pre-assembled to use. In addition, due to the lightweight construction material, the bearing elements and the bearing block 40 be dimensioned narrow, which in total the weight of the reciprocating engine can be reduced. Furthermore, with the help of trained as a plastic bearing thrust bearing parts 16 and 18 , which may preferably be made by injection molding, manufacturing tolerances are maintained or compensated much better, so that rework can be avoided.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 2920818 A1 [0002]

Claims (5)

Bearing device for axially supporting a crankshaft on a crankcase of a reciprocating piston engine, with at least one bearing opening ( 12 ) for at least partially receiving a shaft journal of the crankshaft limiting bearing element ( 10 ), and with at least one axial bearing part ( 16 . 18 ), on which the crankshaft can be supported in its axial direction, characterized in that the bearing element ( 10 ) on at least one page ( 20 . 22 ) a recording ( 24 . 26 ), in which the thrust bearing part ( 16 . 18 ) is at least partially included. Bearing device according to claim 1, characterized in that the thrust bearing part ( 16 . 18 ) on the bearing element ( 10 ) is attached. Bearing device according to claim 2, characterized in that the axial bearing part ( 16 . 18 ) with the bearing element ( 10 ) and / or in the recording ( 24 . 26 ) and / or with the bearing element ( 10 ) and / or into the receptacle ( 24 . 26 ) and / or with the bearing element ( 10 ) is locked. Bearing device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the axial bearing part ( 16 . 18 ) is formed of a plastic. Bearing device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the axial bearing part ( 16 . 18 ) on at least one side, on which the crankshaft can be supported in its axial direction, a surface structure ( 28 ) for forming a hydrodynamic gap between the thrust bearing part ( 16 . 18 ) and the crankshaft.

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