DE102015223184A1 - Filament winding machine and method for depositing fiber material - Google Patents

Abstract

The technology disclosed herein relates to a method of depositing fibrous material F on a former 10. The method comprises the step: detecting and / or presetting at least one projection 13 and / or at least one recess 14, the projection 13 and / or the Recess 14 are provided in the surface 12 of the winding body 10. Further, a filament winding apparatus 100 is disclosed.

Description

The technology disclosed herein relates to a fiber winding machine and a method for depositing fiber material. Fiber winding machines as such are known. For example, the EP 2 060 384 A1 a fiber winding apparatus in which a sensor detects the surface contour of a winding core.

The new generation of vehicles equipped with a fuel cell, for example, requires fuel storage systems with relatively heavy and rigid pressure vessels. There are vehicle concepts in which these pressure vessels themselves are designed as a load-bearing component. For this purpose, precautions must be taken to initiate or discharge the load in the pressure vessel. Such load-bearing pressure vessel systems are in the returning to the applicant German patent applications with the application numbers DE 10 2015 206 825.0 and DE 10 2015 206 826.9 disclosed.

The pressure vessel systems disclosed therein have connecting pins which project, for example, from the surface of the liner. At these points, the pressure vessel is not umwickelbar. Such connecting pins may for example be part of a liner or be integrated as fastening inserts into the fiber-reinforced layer. The current winding processes and winding programs are only suitable for winding rotationally symmetrical components without such protruding elements. However, they are not able to take into account the winding of such connecting pins.

It is an object of the technology disclosed herein to reduce or eliminate the disadvantages of the prior art solutions. Other objects arise from the beneficial effects of the technology disclosed herein. The object (s) is / are solved by the subject matter of the independent claims. The dependent claims are preferred embodiments.

The technology disclosed herein relates to a filament winding apparatus, particularly for the manufacture of pressure vessels. Such pressure vessels are used for storing fuel for a motor vehicle. Such a pressure vessel may be, for example, a cryogenic pressure vessel or a high-pressure gas vessel. High pressure gas container systems are designed to substantially permanently store fuel at ambient temperatures (eg, hydrogen) at a max. Operating pressure of about 350 barü (= overpressure relative to the atmospheric pressure), further preferably of about 500 barü and more preferably of about 700 barü store. A cryogenic pressure vessel can store fuel in the liquid or supercritical state. The fiber winding device comprises a holding device, at least one fiber depositing device and at least one sensor.

The at least one holding device rotatably supports at least one winding body. Such a holding device is known from conventional lathe winding machines. It can for example comprise a headstock and a tailstock. The bobbin is suitably held by two support shafts and rotated by a drive.

The winding body is the object to be wrapped. It includes a winding core. The winding core is for example a liner of a pressure vessel. The liner may be made of a metal, a plastic or a metal alloy. The liners are generally designed as a wound hollow body, to which a fiber-reinforced layer is applied. They serve as a hub and can take on additional functions. For example, they may be formed as a diffusion barrier. The surface of the winding core is advantageously rotationally symmetrical. If fiber material has already been applied to the winding core, the winding core and the already applied fiber material form the winding body.

The fiber deposition device is designed to deposit fiber material on the surface of the wound body. The fiber material can be applied as individual threads or as a sliver (eg rovings, prepregs, etc.). Hereinafter, the fiber material is also referred to as reinforcing fibers. Together with the resin material, the fiber material forms the fiber-reinforced layer or sheath (hereinafter, the term "fiber-reinforced layer" is used most often). Appropriately, glass fibers, carbon fiber and / or aramid fibers are used. For example, the rovings can be unwound from corresponding roving bobbins and soaked in a resin bath before being deposited on the bobbin by a thread eye. Instead impregnated rovings can also pre-impregnated fibers (prepregs) can be used.

There are various types of pretreatment can be used before depositing the fiber material on the winding body.

In particular, the fiber depositing device comprises a winding head whose position relative to the winding body can be changed along several axes. For example, this relative position of the winding head to the winding body along the winding body longitudinal axis and / or in the radial direction perpendicular to the winding body longitudinal axis (ie, the distance between the winding body and winding head) to be changed. In particular, the winding head can be designed to be pivotable about its vertical axis. Advantageously, the fiber winding device can be designed as a 5-axis machine. Thus, the winding over the surface of the bobbin can be accurately positioned, whereby a more uniform deposition of the fiber material can be achieved.

The technology disclosed herein further includes at least one sensor. The sensor is designed to detect at least one projection of the surface of the winding body and / or at least one depression of the surface of the winding body. A projection or a recess are, in particular, a singularity or a discontinuous point, which differs from the surrounding surface or surface contour of the winding body. The projection protrudes, for example, from the surface of the winding body to be wrapped (in the first place rotationally symmetrical). In particular, the projection may be formed as a connecting element for a pressure tank. The projection may be formed integrally with the liner. Further, the projection may be wrapped as an insert in the fiber reinforced layer. The sensor may be designed, for example, to identify protrusions as such, for example protruding at least 1 cm or 2 cm, preferably at least 4 cm or at least 8 cm from the surface. A recess may also be a hole or a recess in addition to a recessed relative to adjacent surface areas. The projection and / or the depression represent a discontinuous position in the surface of the winding body in the direction of the original storage path.

The sensor can be designed as a collision sensor. Preferably, a distance sensor is used, which can detect the distance between the surface of the winding body. At the beginning, the surface of the bobbin may be equal to the surface of the liner. If a few fiber layers are applied, then these fiber layers determine the surface of the wound body. Changes the distance between the surface of the bobbin and the sensor abruptly, it can be checked on the basis of this information, whether a projection or a depression is present. Such distance sensors or displacement sensors are used for example in parking assistance systems. Different measuring methods can be used, for example inductive, capacitive, acoustic and / or optical sensors. Advantageously, the sensor is provided on the winding head of the winding machine, in particular in such a way that the sensor detects the area of the winding body to be wrapped soon. The sensor is in particular arranged and configured such that the sensor can detect a possible collision with a projection (eg a load introduction element in a reinforcement of the winding body). Advantageously, the sensor can relay a signal that a collision could soon take place.

The fiber winding device expediently comprises a controller which is designed to control at least partial processes of the fiber winding device (closed-loop control) and / or to regulate (open-loop control). The controller may be configured to change the original storage path on the winding body such that no fiber material is deposited over the at least one projection and / or over the at least one recess. The original storage path (original trajectory or original winding path) is the storage path that was originally provided for the winding body and does not take into account the projections and / or depressions. Such protrusions and depressions i. d. R. unsteady points represent higher geometric complexity, can i of the previously known winding computer programs. d. R. are not taken into account. Furthermore, the corresponding CAD models would be more complex in the creation. In other words, the winding machine may be configured to adjust the trajectory of the sliver in a collision warning (projection meets the winding head), for. B. by means of a subroutine of the winding program ("alternative route"), which can be retrieved. Thus, the collision with the winding head can be avoided and the manufacturing process continues with wrapping around the load introducing element. In particular, the controller is configured to carry out the methods disclosed herein.

The technology disclosed herein further includes a method for depositing fiber material on a bobbin. The method includes the step of detecting and / or presetting the at least one protrusion disclosed herein and / or the at least one depression disclosed herein.

The detection preferably takes place with the at least one sensor disclosed here. As an alternative or in addition to the detection with the at least one sensor, it may be provided that the exact position and possibly also the shape of the projection and / or the depression of the control of the fiber winding device are provided. Then, if appropriate, the at least one sensor could be omitted. If the exact geometric position of the protrusions / depressions (eg, load introduction elements) is known, the winding program of the CNC winding machine may be adjusted accordingly prior to winding by means of a mathematical algorithm to predefine a change of the deposition path (ie an escape route) , If there is a sensor, the change can be the filing path can be made on-line or in-live during winding.

The method may include the step of: changing the deposition path on the winding body so that no fiber material is deposited over the at least one projection and / or over the at least one recess. The method may include the step of: changing the deposition path so that the fiber deposition device does not collide with the projection. Appropriately, the shape of the projection is determined or defined in advance. The change may suitably include the determination of an alternative route.

• – wenn der Vorsprung dergestalt ist, dass auf den Vorsprung kein Fasermaterial ablegbar ist; und/oder
• – wenn der Vorsprung dergestalt ist, dass die hier offenbarte Faserablagevorrichtung, insbesondere der Wickelkopf, durch den Vorsprung beschädigt würde.

The deposition of fiber material on the surface of the bobbin can be interrupted

• - If the projection is such that no fiber material can be deposited on the projection; and or
• - If the projection is such that the fiber deposition device disclosed here, in particular the winding head, would be damaged by the projection.

The changed storage path may run along the side of the projection and / or the recess, which has a smaller deviation from the friction-free storage path. Thus, the risk of slippage during winding is reduced. In the Polkappenbereich the friction-free storable storage path is also referred to as a geodetic path.

Appropriately, the method disclosed here is used in winding bodies whose surface is rotationally symmetrical, in which case the projections protrude from this rotationally symmetrical surface and / or the depressions are provided in this rotationally symmetrical surface.

The technology disclosed herein permits the manufacture or winding of non-rotationally symmetric components where inserts or load introduction elements can be co-wound with little effort. Otherwise, a winding program with trial-and-error tests would have to be developed manually. The sensor disclosed here increases safety and protects the winding machine. Unexpected collisions can be avoided. In addition to lower repair costs, the machine running time and thus productivity can be further increased.

The technology disclosed herein will now be explained with reference to the schematic figures. Show it:

1 a perspective view of the filament winding device 100 .

2 an enlarged section of the filament winding device 100 of the 1 .

3 a pressure vessel associated with the filament winding apparatus disclosed herein 100 is coiled,

4 a schematic view of the filament winding device 100 and the bobbin 10 .

5 a comparison of the storage paths P _u and P _n , and

6 a simplified flow chart for the method disclosed here.

The 1 schematically shows the fiber winding apparatus disclosed herein 100 , On the winding core 10 (= Bobbin) reinforcing fibers F are wound. The winding core 10 has here in the shell region M two projections 13 on. The projections 13 stand from the rotationally symmetric surface 12 of the winding core 10 in the radial direction. The projections 13 can serve as connecting elements. For example, the projections 13 be designed as connecting plates or as connecting pins. Such connecting pins are particularly preferably provided in the pole cap area, as described, for example, in the German patent applications with the application numbers which are based on the applicant DE 10 2015 206 825.0 and DE 10 2015 206 826.9 are disclosed. As a hub 10 For example, a liner of a pressure vessel disclosed here can be used. The winding core 10 gets through the holding waves 112 kept rotatable. It would also be conceivable that the winding head 122 the at least one fiber depositing device 120 around the winding core 10 rotates. The position of the winding head shown here 122 relative to the hub 10 is changeable. In the embodiment shown here, for example, the winding over the Z-axis (= winding body longitudinal axis AA) and the X-axis can be moved. In addition, the winding head 122 here about the vertical axis of the filament winding device 100 rotatable. The vertical axis is the axis perpendicular to the winding body longitudinal axis AA and the radial displacement direction (= X-axis) of the winding head 122 is arranged. The control 140 is designed to control the winding process or regulate. Not shown are other components such as a resin bath or the roving coils.

2 shows an enlarged view of the device according to the 1 , The winding core 10 turns in the direction of C (cf. 1 ). If nothing were done, the lower edge would be 13 against the winding head 122 butt and damage it. In the embodiment shown here is at the bottom of the winding head 122 a sensor 130 (not shown here, cf. 4 ), which is formed, the projection 13 to detect. The sensor 130 may be formed, the shape of the projection 13 to determine. Thus, it is advantageously possible to distinguish between significant and insignificant projections. Significant projections, for example, projections that are not wrapped due to their sudden height change and / or due to their dimensions to damage the winding head 122 could lead if no appropriate action is taken. Likewise, the sensor 130 any holes (= depressions) 14 detect.

3 shows a schematic cross section through a winding body 10 with fasteners 13 that is integral with the liner here 11 are formed. Reinforcing fibers F are here on the surface 12 the bobbin 10 stored. In the example shown here, some layers have already been deposited on fiber material F, so that the fiber-reinforced layer 16 already has a certain material thickness. Also schematically shown the winding head 122 which is shown here as a thread eye. If now further developed, then the projection would 13 against the winding head 122 bump. Immediately adjacent to the winding head 122 is the sensor 130 arranged.

The 4 shows a side view of a filament winding device 100 and a bobbin 10 , The sensor 130 is immediately adjacent to the winding head 122 arranged and can be positioned with this. In particular, the sensor 130 designed to detect the area in which immediately following fiber material F is to be stored. The bobbin shown here 10 has a circular cross-section. The surface of the bobbin 10 So in this area is a lateral surface. Likewise, elliptical bobbins could 10 (shown here in dashed lines) are wrapped. From the lateral surface 12 is a head start 13 from, which has such a height that here the winding head 122 and / or the sensor 130 could be damaged.

5 shows a schematic plan view of a surface 12 , For example, in Polkappenbereich or in the cylindrical region, in particular a view in the radial direction perpendicular to the surface of the winding body. The lines P _u show the original storage path Pu, which would be provided if no projection 13 would have been detected. At time t ₁ , the sensor now represents 130 (see. 3 ) states that on the originally provided storage path P _u a projection 13 is provided, which impedes the storage of reinforcing fibers F. The controller is now active and calculates a new storage path P _n , so the projection 13 to avoid (= alternative route). A collision between the winding head 122 and lead 13 can thus be avoided. The new storage path P _n can be done, for example, taking into account further parameters, which enables a reliable storage of the reinforcing fibers F. However, it is also possible to initiate predefined avoidance routines which can be stored in the controller. Is the lead 13 drive around, the original storage path P _u at a time t ₂ is taken again. The deposit direction is in particular the tangent to the trajectory of the path.

6 FIG. 5 is a flow chart of the methods disclosed herein. FIG. The process starts with step S100. First, in step S200, it is determined whether a projection 13 and / or a recess 14 is available. For this purpose, the sensor disclosed here 130 be used. Alternatively or additionally, the position of a recess 14 and / or a projection 13 be specified via an appropriate input. Is not an advantage 13 /Deepening 14 along the original storage path P _u , the routine will continue to run (back to start). However, is on the original or predetermined storage path P _u a (e) projection 13 /Deepening 14 present, it can be checked in a step S300, whether the projection 13 or the depression 14 is überwickelbar. A lead 13 For example, for the reasons mentioned above can not be overwound. Is the The lead 13 or the depression 14 überwickelbar, so is the lead 13 or the depression 14 along the originally provided storage path P _u stored (step S610) if it was determined in step S400 that an over-winding is desired. Is over-winding not desired, for example, because to be wound projections 13 serve as connecting pins, it can be checked in a further step S00 whether a change of the storage path P (= avoidance route) is desired. If a change of the storage path P is not desired or if there is no information, the fiber winding device interrupts or stops 100 the filing of fibrous material F (step 630). It is, however, deposited that evasion is desired, for example by the controller 140 the filament winding device 100 the position and possibly also the shape of a projection 13 or a depression 14 has been set, an escape routine is performed (step S620). In the fallback routine, for example, in connection with the 5 described change of the storage path P performed. In the avoidance routine but even in step S300, the shape of the projection 13 or the depression 14 be determined, if this is not specified. If the geometry is known, then taking into account the geometry of the projection 13 or the depression 14 an alternate storage path P _{n are} determined (step S624). For example, it can also be determined along which side the projection 13 or the depression 14 should be appropriately avoided, so that, for example, the smallest possible deviation from the friction-free storage path results. If the geometry is not known, a fallback path P _n can be determined by trial and error (step S626). It would also be conceivable that previously defined evasive routines are used.

The above description and the claims introduce the elements partly in the number. At the same time, however, their plurality should also be included. For example, from a storage path P, a winding body 10 , a liner 11 , a lead 13 a fiber reinforced layer 16 , a recess 14 , a holding device 110 , a holding wave 112 , a fiber storage device 120 , a winding head 122 , a sensor 130 and / or a controller 140 the speech, so these terms should also at least one bobbin 10 , at least one liner 11 , at least one projection 13 , at least one fiber-reinforced layer 16 , at least one depression 14 , at least one holding device 110 , at least one support shaft 112 , at least one fiber deposition device 120 , at least one winding head 122 , at least one sensor 130 and / or at least one controller 140 with include.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

P

storage path

P _u

original filing path

P _n

new filing path

F

fiber material

A-A

Bobbin longitudinal axis

10

bobbin

11

liner

12

surface

13

head Start

16

fiber reinforced layer

14

deepening

100

Filament winding device

110

holder

112

holding shaft

120

Fiber deposition device

122

winding

130

sensor

140

control

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• EP 2060384 A1 [0001]
• DE 102015206825 [0002, 0028]
• DE 102015206826 [0002, 0028]

Claims (10)

Method for depositing fiber material (F) on a wound body ( 10 ), comprising the step: - detecting and / or specifying at least one projection ( 13 ) and / or at least one depression ( 14 ), whereby the projection ( 13 ) and / or the recess ( 14 ) in the surface ( 12 ) of the wound body ( 10 ) are provided. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of: - changing the storage path (P) on the bobbin ( 10 ), so that no fiber material (F) over the at least one projection ( 13 ) and / or the at least one depression ( 14 ) is filed; and / or - changing the storage path (P), so that the fiber storage device ( 120 ) not with the lead ( 13 ) collides. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein depositing fiber material (F) on the surface ( 12 ) - if the lead ( 13 ) is such that on the projection ( 13 ) no fiber material (F) can be deposited; and / or - if the lead ( 13 ) is such that a fiber deposition device ( 120 ) by the projection ( 13 ) would be damaged. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the changed storage path (P) along the side of the projection ( 13 ) and / or the recess ( 14 ), which has a smaller deviation from the friction-free storable storage path. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the surface ( 12 ) of the wound body ( 10 ) is rotationally symmetric. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the projection ( 13 ) and / or the recess ( 14 ) in the direction of the original storage path unsteady points in the surface ( 12 ) of the wound body ( 10 ). Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a projection ( 13 ) is identified as being at least 1 cm, preferably at least 4 cm or at least 8 cm from the surface ( 12 ) of the wound body ( 10 protruding). Filament winding device ( 100 ) comprising at least one sensor ( 130 ), which is formed, at least one projection ( 13 ) and / or at least one depression ( 14 ) to be detected in the surface ( 12 ) of the wound body ( 10 ) are provided. Filament winding device ( 100 ) according to claim 8, further comprising a controller ( 140 ), whereby the controller ( 140 ) is formed, the storage path (P) on the winding body ( 10 ) such that no fiber material (F) over the at least one projection ( 13 ) and / or the at least one depression ( 14 ) is stored. Filament winding device ( 100 ) according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the sensor ( 130 ) is formed, a projection ( 13 ) to be identified as being at least 1 cm, preferably at least 4 cm or at least 8 cm from the surface ( 12 ) of the wound body ( 10 protruding).

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