DE102015210610A1 - Bellows for an air spring or a compressor - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a bellows (22, 25) for an air spring (8a, 8b) or a compensator (19), which has at least one fabric layer embedded in an elastomer. The invention has for its object to provide a bellows for an air spring or a compensator, which is compared to the prior art for higher temperatures and higher pressures and for contact with food and in the medical field is suitable. According to the invention it is provided that the at least one fabric layer (11, 11a, 12, 12a) consists of a cord fabric (16), and that the elastomer is a silicone elastomer with high temperature resistance and / or suitable for a harmless contact with food as well as with medical products or intermediates. Moreover, the invention relates to an air suspension system for a vehicle, in which at least one air spring is equipped with a bellows according to the invention.

Description

Bellows for an air spring or a compensator and air spring system for a vehicle

The invention relates to a bellows for an air spring or a compensator and an air spring system for a vehicle.

A generic air spring is out of the DE 10 2006 019 011 A1 known. This air spring comprises an air spring piston, an air spring cover and an air spring bellows made of elastomeric material with embedded in the elastomeric material reinforcements. This air bag has an advantageous long service life. For this purpose, the air bag is provided on at least one of its radial lateral surfaces with a structure of a matrix of elastomeric material, in particular a three-component silicone resin, with embedded, lubricity-improving substances. Such a structure has a very good lubricity, which remains due to the embedding of the lubricity improving substances in continuous operation.

The usual elastomer blends in air spring bellows consist of natural rubber (NR), butadiene rubber (BR), chloroprene rubber (CR) and blend blends of NR and BR or NR and CR. The maximum allowable operating temperature of these elastomer blends is only 70 ° C to 80 ° C, and the usual strength carriers in bellows are cord fabric, which have a high deformability with simultaneous pressure resistance by their unidirectional structure.

Compensators are a type of elastomer bellows whose main applications are piping systems in plant construction, in power plants, in machines and apparatuses. A compensator consists of at least one elastomer bellows, which has embedded in an elastomer fabric layers. There are also fasteners, such as flanges and screws. The usual elastomer blends in Kompensatorbälgen are NR, CR, IIR (butyl rubber), EPDM (ethylene-propylene-diene rubber), NBR (nitrile-butadiene rubber), and CSM (chlorine-sulphate-polyethylene), which also only are suitable for a maximum operating temperature of 70 ° C to 80 ° C. Furthermore, compensator bellows use silicone glass fabric, aluminum-silicone glass fabric and polyester fabric coated with silicone rubber, which allow operating temperatures of 150 ° C up to a maximum of 260 ° C, but only with 0.2 bar to 0.4 bar are short-term loadable. Furthermore, blend components such as plasticizers, oils, carbon blacks, anti-aging agents and accelerators limit the approval of such compensators in the food and medical fields.

Currently used reinforcements are cord fabrics embedded in NR, CR, IIR, EPDM, NBR or CSM elastomer blends and blends. However, the embedded in silicone or silicone rubber fabrics are surface fabric, which is why these compensators are not suitable for higher pressures. Such compensators are, for example, on the Internet site www.madeko.de/kompensatoren_silikon_weiss.htm shown and described.

Against this background, the invention has for its object to present a bellows for an air spring or a compensator, which is compared to the prior art for higher temperatures and higher pressures and for contact with food and medical applications. In addition, an air spring system for a vehicle will be presented, in which at least one air spring is equipped with a heat-resistant bellows.

This object is achieved by a bellows for an air spring or a compensator with the features of claim 1, and by an air spring system according to the features of claim 9.

Advantageous developments thereof are defined in the subclaims.

Accordingly, the invention initially relates to a bellows for an air spring or a compensator which has at least one fabric layer embedded in an elastomer. To achieve the object it is provided that the at least one fabric layer consists of a cord fabric, and that the elastomer is a silicone elastomer with high temperature resistance and / or suitable for harmless contact with food and with medical products or intermediates.

By using such a silicone elastomer for embedding a cord tissue, a very temperature-resistant and chemically neutral bellows for an air spring or a compensator is generated.

In a development of this bellows, it can be provided that the cord fabric consists of warp threads and weft threads, the warp threads having the following enumerated fibers depending on the expected maximum operating temperature, namely polyamide fibers, polyester fibers, para-aramid fibers. Fibers, meta-aramid fibers, PEEK (polyetheretherketone) fibers, glass fibers. Specifically, it can be provided that the warp threads for an operating temperature of up to 110 ° C of polyamide fibers, for an operating temperature up to 130 ° C of polyester fibers and para-aramid fibers, for an operating temperature up to 190 ° C from meta-aramid Fibers, and for an operating temperature in excess of 200 ° C, of PEEK (polyetheretherketone) fibers and / or glass fibers.

Preferably, the silicone elastomer is an MVQ (methyl vinyl) silicone.

It can further be provided that in a multilayer structure of the cord fabric, the warp threads are arranged in the cross-compound. The cord fabric can be arranged one above the other in several layers, wherein the warp threads of a first fabric layer, for example at a first angle of 45 ° and the warp threads of the next fabric layer are aligned, for example, at a second angle of 135 ° to the longitudinal axis of the bellows. Further tissue layers formed in this way can be arranged above them, increasing the radial thickness of the bellows.

The bellows may be connected at its two axial ends with a connection plate according to an embodiment for forming an air spring. But it can also be provided that the bellows is connected to form an air spring at one axial end with a piston and at its other axial end with a connection plate.

A specific embodiment provides that the bellows comprising the features of the invention for forming an air spring in a rail vehicle is connected at one axial end to a rim and at its other axial end to a connection plate of the rail vehicle.

If the bellows according to the invention is used for producing a compensator, which is to be connected, for example, axially with two pipe ends, according to another embodiment it can be provided that the bellows is connected at each of its axial ends to a pipe flange. This pipe flange is for example disk-shaped, but it can also have a different geometry.

In this compensator with the bellows according to the invention can be further provided that the axial ends of the bellows are each inserted into an axially outer, frontal, annular groove of the respective associated disc-shaped flange, and that the axial ends of the bellows respectively the function of a sealing ring during assembly perceive the flanges with pipe flanges to be connected.

To solve the air spring system with a plurality of air springs for a vehicle-related task is provided that at least one of these air springs has a very heat-resistant bellows according to the described features, which is located in the vicinity of one or more heat sources, while others, away from the at least one Heat source arranged air springs respectively bellows from conventional cord industry and conventional elastomer blends, such as NR, NR / BR Blend Blends, CR or NR / CR Blend Blends, have.

Air springs with bellows designed according to the invention can be used as cab suspension of trucks in the vicinity of an exhaust system or a turbocharger, as truck axle suspension in the vicinity of the exhaust system, a catalytic converter or the turbocharger, on a truck front axle within a motor encapsulation, as a belt tensioning device for the drive an air-conditioning compressor of a commercial vehicle, which is arranged in the engine compartment, for the operation of air-suspended vehicles, such as city buses, use in countries with high ambient temperatures, for example in countries with desert climate.

Because of the use of a chemically compound-neutral silicone elastomer for embedding the cord fabric of the bladder, provided with this bellows air spring or such a compensator can be used very advantageously in the food industry, for example, for pressing Käselaibrohlingen, or in medical applications. The same applies to compensators that are used in hot ambient conditions, such as in hot media in the food industry or in the manufacture of medical products.

The bellows according to the invention or the Kompensatorbalg invention have a high resistance even at relatively high temperatures, and a large bellows wall flexibility through the use of cord fabrics. The elimination of necessary according to the prior art partial heat protection devices, such as metallic heat shields, the manufacturing cost of a motor vehicle or other device to be mitigated can be kept low.

A trained according to the invention air spring bellows can be designed as a rolling bellows, as a hose roll bellows, as Einfaltbalg or Mehrfaltenbalg, as well as for rail vehicles as a semi-bellows or as Gürtelrollbalg.

The use of these materials for the elastomer provides very good resistance to high temperatures, the ability to be used in the areas of food and medical device production, high resistance to detergents, such as alkalis, as well as high dynamic efficiency through use of cord fabrics.

The invention will be explained below with reference to some embodiments. In the drawing shows

1 a schematic plan view of a motor vehicle with a plurality of air springs and arranged in front of its rear axle exhaust system of an internal combustion engine,

2 a schematic plan view of a motor vehicle with a plurality of air springs, in which the internal combustion engine including exhaust system are arranged behind its rear axle,

3 3 is a partial perspective sectional view of an air spring with an air spring bellows formed according to the invention;

4 a perspective cutaway view of a cord fabric, and

5 a partial perspective sectional view of a compensator with a compensator bellows formed according to the invention.

This in 1 illustrated motor vehicle 1a is designed as a fully air-suspension truck, in which an internal combustion engine 5 and an emission control system 7 seen in forward driving direction in front of the rear axle 20 are arranged. The car 1a has a pair of front wheels 2a . 2 B , a pair of rear wheels 3a . 3b as well as four conventional air springs 4a . 4b . 4c . 4d an air spring system on. The four conventional air springs 4a . 4b . 4c . 4d have a comparatively large distance to a first heat source 6 , namely the engine near exhaust pipe of the internal combustion engine 5 , and a second heat source 7 , namely, the optionally operable as a soot particulate filter with soot combustion of the soot particles exhaust system.

To the air suspension system of this vehicle 1a also belong two closely adjacent to the first heat source 6 and the second heat source 7 arranged and designed according to the invention further air springs 8a . 8b , which due to the materials used for their production, the high temperatures of the two heat sources 6 . 7 can endure, without the elasticity and the maximum service life, especially of the bellows installed there 22 is reduced.

At the in 2 illustrated motor vehicle 1b it is a fully air-cushioned bus whose internal combustion engine 5 with a near-engine exhaust pipe as the first heat source 6 and with an exhaust system as the second heat source 7 seen in the forward direction behind the rear axle 20 is arranged. The car 1b also has a pair of front wheels 2a . 2 B , a pair of rear wheels 3a . 3b , and with a relatively large distance from the two heat sources 6 . 7 arranged, five conventional air springs 4a . 4b . 4c . 4b . 4e an air spring system on. To the air suspension system of this vehicle 1b also includes a sixth air spring 8a , which are closely adjacent to the two heat sources 6 . 7 is arranged, and a trained according to the invention bellows 22 having. Due to the materials used to make this bellows 22 the high temperatures of the two heat sources 6 . 7 endure, without its elasticity and maximum service life is impaired. The advantage is that no heat shield between one or both heat sources 6 . 7 and the air spring 8a is to be arranged, so that by the use of a bellows invention in the air spring 8a reduce the manufacturing costs of the vehicle.

As 3 illustrated, have the air springs of the invention 8a . 8b each a rubber-elastic bellows 22 on, at one axial end with a piston 10 and at its other axial end with a cone plate 9 connected is. Instead of a cone plate 9 For example, a clamping plate or a flanging plate can be used. The air bag 22 has a first fabric layer 11 and a second fabric layer 12 each embedded in silicone rubber. The two fabric layers 11 . 12 are with a radially outer silicone rubber topcoat 13 and a radially inner silicone rubber overcoat 14 coated. By means of axial end-side Balgwülste 15a . 15b is the brat 22 the air spring 8a . 8b on the cone plate 9 and on the piston 10 attached about in the manner of a tubeless vehicle tire.

4 shows a section of an embedded in silicone rubber cord fabric layer 16 , The warp threads 17 the cord fabric layer 16 run axially stretched while the weft threads 18 wavy above and below the warp threads 17 are arranged. The weft threads 18 are used only for fixing the warp threads 17 during the manufacture of the bellows 22 ,

Bellows designed according to the invention 22 . 25 are also used in air springs and compensators, which are used in the food industry and in the pharmaceutical industry, this also because the silicone rubber cover layers 13 . 14 hygienic reasons are harmless and resistant to high pressures and temperatures.

5 shows a compensator formed according to the features of the invention 19 , which is intended for installation in a pipeline. The compensator 19 has at each of its two axial Ends a disc-shaped flange 23a . 23b on, between which as compensator bellows a silicone elastomer bellows 25 is arranged. The axial ends 26 this silicone elastomer bellows 25 of which in 5 only one axial end 26 is recognizable, sitting in annular grooves 21 the two disc-shaped flanges 23a . 23b , which on the axially outer end faces of the disk-shaped flange 23a . 23b are formed. The two disc-shaped flanges 23a . 23b also have axial threaded holes 24a . 24b on, in to connect the compensator 19 Fixing screws are screwed in with disk-shaped pipe flanges (not shown). The tight connection between the silicone elastomer bellows 25 and the disc-shaped flanges 23a . 23b of the compensator 19 is done by connecting the compensator 19 with the pipe flanges, not shown, the axial ends 26 silicone elastomer bellows 25 in the manner of a sealing ring between the disc-shaped flanges 23a . 23b and the associated pipe flanges are clamped.

The in 5 illustrated compensator 19 Although has disc-shaped flanges 23a . 23b However, these flanges can also be square, rectangular or polygonal.

The structure of the silicone elastomer bellows 25 of the compensator 19 consists of one or more cord fabric layers 16 , which are embedded in silicone or silicone rubber, similar to the structure of the bellows 22 according to the 3 and 4 , As the embodiment according to 5 shows, the silicone elastomer bellows 25 of the compensator 19 a total of six layers, namely from radially inside to radially outside a radially inner cover layer 14 , a first tissue layer 11 , a second layer of fabric 12 , a third fabric layer 11a , a fourth fabric layer 12a and a radially outer cover layer 13 , The first fabric layer 11 and the third fabric layer 11a may have a same, first construction, while the second fabric layer 12 and the fourth fabric layer 12a may have a same, second construction. Visible are the warp threads 17 the first fabric layer 11 and the third fabric layer 11a at the same first angle of example here 45 ° and the warp threads 17 the second fabric layer 12 and the fourth fabric layer 12a at the same second angle from here by way of example 135 ° to the longitudinal axis 27 of the bellows 25 aligned. In addition, there are the radially outer cover layer 13 and the radially inner cover layer 14 preferably made of silicone or silicone rubber.

The air spring bellows according to the invention 22 or the Kompensatorbalg invention 25 allow movements both in the axial direction and limited in the radial direction, are very temperature resistant and chemically neutral.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1a, 1b

motor vehicle

2a, 2b

 front wheels

3a, 3b

 rear wheels

4a, 4b

 Air springs with conventional bellows

4c, 4d

 Air springs with conventional bellows

4e

Air spring with conventional bellows

5

Internal combustion engine

6

First heat source, close to the engine exhaust pipe

7

Second heat source, exhaust system

8a, 8b

 Air springs with bellows according to the invention

9

Connection plate, cone plate

10

piston

11

First tissue layer

11a

Third fabric layer

12

Second fabric layer

12a

Fourth fabric layer

13

Outer cover layer

14

Inner cover layer

15a, 15b

 Balgwülste

16

Corduroy fabric layer

17

warp

18

wefts

19

compensator

20

rear axle

21

Annular groove in the flange 23a

22

Silicone elastomer bellows, air spring bellows

23a, 23b

 Disc-shaped flanges

24a, 24b

Threaded holes in the flanges 23a . 23b

25

Silicone elastomer bellows, compensator bellows

26

Axial end of Kompensatorbalges 25

27

Longitudinal axis of the bellows

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 102006019011 A1 [0003]

Cited non-patent literature

• www.madeko.de/kompensatoren_silikon_weiss.htm [0006]

Claims (9)

Bellow ( 22 . 25 ) for an air spring ( 8a . 8b ) or a compensator ( 19 ), which has at least one embedded in an elastomeric fabric layer, characterized in that the at least one fabric layer ( 11 . 11a . 12 . 12a ) of a cord fabric ( 16 ), and that the elastomer is a silicone elastomer having high temperature resistance and / or suitable for harmless contact with food, as well as medical products or intermediates. Bellows according to claim 1, characterized in that the cord fabric ( 16 ) of warp threads ( 17 ) as well as weft threads ( 18 ), and that the warp threads ( 17 ) depending on the expected maximum operating temperature, the fibers enumerated below, namely polyamide fibers, polyester fibers, para-aramid fibers, meta-aramid fibers, PEEK (polyetheretherketone) fibers, glass fibers. Bellows according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the silicone elastomer consists of a MVQ (methyl-vinyl) silicone. Bellows according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that in a multilayer structure of the cord fabric ( 16 ) the warp threads ( 17 ) are arranged in the cross-compound. Bellows according to one of claims 1 to 4 for an air spring ( 8a . 8b ), characterized in that the bellows ( 22 ) at its two axial ends with a connection plate ( 9 ) or at an axial end with a piston ( 10 ) and at its other axial end with a connection plate ( 9 ) connected is. Bellows according to one of claims 1 to 4 for an air spring ( 8a . 8b ) in a rail vehicle, characterized in that the bellows ( 22 ) at one axial end with a rim and at its other axial end with a connection plate ( 9 ) is connected to the rail vehicle. Bellows according to one of claims 1 to 4 for a compensator ( 19 ), characterized in that the bellows ( 25 ) at each of its axial ends with a disk-shaped flange ( 23a . 23b ) connected is. Bellows according to claim 7 for a compensator ( 19 ), characterized in that the axial ends ( 26 ) of the bellows ( 25 ) in each case in an axially outer end-side annular groove ( 21 ) of an associated disc-shaped flange ( 23a . 23b ) are inserted, and that the axial ends ( 26 ) of the bellows ( 25 ) in each case the function of a sealing ring during assembly of the flanges ( 23a . 23b ) with pipe flanges to be connected. Air suspension system with a plurality of air springs for a vehicle, characterized in that at least one of these air springs ( 8a . 8b ) a very heat-resistant bellows ( 22 ) according to the features of claims 1 to 6, which in the vicinity of one or more heat sources ( 6 . 7 ), while others, remote from the at least one heat source ( 6 . 7 ) arranged air springs ( 4a . 4b . 4c . 4d . 4e ) each have bladders of conventional cord industry and conventional elastomer blends, such as NR, NR / BR Blend Blends, CR or NR / CR Blend Blends.

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