DE102015206438A1 - Tapered roller bearing and method of mounting the tapered roller bearing - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a tapered roller bearing (50) with an inner ring (30) and an outer ring (52) and a Wälzkörperkäfig (10) arranged radially therebetween, wherein on the inner ring (30) an inner ring raceway (32) and on the outer ring (52). an outer ring raceway (54) is formed, on which radially between the inner ring (30) and the outer ring (52) arranged conical rolling elements (56) roll. The Wälzkörperkäfig (10) has a first side ring (12) and a second side ring (14) which are interconnected by webs (18), and in which the two side rings (12, 14) and two adjacent webs (18) a Wälzkörpertasche (20) for receiving a respective rolling element (56) form. The inner ring raceway (32) is axially delimited at one axial end by a radially outer guide board (42) and at its other axial end by a guide beltless area (36). For cost-effective production and assembly of such a tapered roller bearing is provided that the first side ring (12) radially inwardly open holes (60), that in the bores (60) each have a retaining bolt (24) is arranged that the retaining bolts (24). project radially inwardly beyond the first side ring (12), and in that the retaining bolts (24) engage in a circumferential retaining groove (38) which is formed in the non-guide area (36) of the inner ring (30). Moreover, the invention relates to a method for mounting the tapered roller bearing.

Description

The invention relates to tapered roller bearings with an inner ring and an outer ring and with a radially interposed Wälzkörperkäfig, wherein on the inner ring an inner ring raceway and on the outer ring an outer ring raceway is formed on which radially arranged between the inner ring and the outer ring tapered rolling elements, wherein the Wälzkörperkäfig having a first side ring and a second side ring, which are interconnected by webs, wherein the two side rings and two adjacent webs form a Wälzkörpertasche for receiving a respective rolling element, and wherein the inner ring raceway at one axial end of a radially outer guide board and axially delimited at the other axial end by a guide-cordless area. Moreover, the invention relates to a method for mounting such a tapered roller bearing.

From the DE 10 2006 052 045 A1 a tapered roller bearing is known in which a provided with a raceway for the rolling elements inner ring has two radially outwardly projecting ribs on which the recorded in a cage rolling elements can be axially supported and guided. The outer ring of this tapered roller bearing is designed without a bord. The formation of two guide rims on the inner ring is expensive to manufacture and the assembly of such a tapered roller bearing demanding, especially in a design as a large rolling bearing for wind turbines.

Moreover, from the DE 72 05 912 U a tapered roller bearing with spherical tapered rollers known, the outer ring is designed cordless and one-piece, while the inner ring is in three parts. A large outboard on the inner ring is formed by an L-shaped ring element on which the tapered rollers are guided with their large front side. A comb cage, consisting of a cage ring and webs extending between the tapered rollers, serves to keep the tapered rollers at a distance and to guide. The cage ring is guided on a second, L-shaped ring element, which is positively connected to the inner ring. The disadvantage of this rolling bearing, that the inner ring is formed in three parts, whereby the L-shaped ring element must be made very precisely with the inrun for the large front sides of the tapered rollers and the assembly is difficult.

Against this background, the invention has for its object to simplify the construction and assembly of a tapered roller bearing, for example, a comparatively large tapered roller bearing for wind turbines, as well as to keep the production costs low.

This object is achieved by a tapered roller bearing with the features of claim 1 and by a method having the features of claim 8. Advantageous developments and refinements of the invention are mentioned in the dependent claims.

The invention is therefore initially based on a tapered roller bearing with an inner ring and an outer ring and a radially arranged therebetween Wälzkörperkäfig, wherein on the inner ring an inner ring raceway and on the outer ring an outer ring raceway is formed at which radially between the inner ring and the outer ring arranged conical rolling elements rolling, wherein the Wälzkörperkäfig has a first side ring and a second side ring, which are interconnected by webs, wherein the two side rings and two adjacent webs form a Wälzkörpertasche for receiving a respective rolling element, and wherein the inner ring raceway at an axial end is axially bounded by a radially outer guide board and at the other axial end of a non-guidance area.

To achieve the object, it is provided device-related that the first side ring of Wälzkörperkäfigs having a plurality of radially inwardly open bores, that in each of the bores a retaining bolt is arranged, that the retaining bolts project radially inwardly beyond the first side ring, and that the retaining bolts engage in a circumferential retaining groove, which is formed in the non-guiding area of the inner ring.

Accordingly, the function of a smaller-diameter guide board on the inner ring is taken over by a retaining groove formed there, which opens radially outward, and retaining bolts engaging in it. As a result, the manufacturing costs for this inner ring are reduced compared to inner rings with two integrally formed on this guide shelves. In addition, the tapered rolling elements can be advantageously simply put on the track of the inner ring during assembly, especially if these, as usual in large rolling bearings with up to 3000 mm diameter, are very large and heavy. Furthermore, a comparatively more massive design of Wälzkörperkäfigs is possible, which can reduce unwanted geometry deviations under operating loads. The holding portion of the inner ring for the rolling elements is in the region of a first, smaller-diameter end face of the inner ring and the guide board is formed in the region of a second, larger diameter end face of the at least inner ring.

According to an advantageous embodiment of this tapered roller bearing is provided that the Holding bolts in the retaining groove of the inner ring are unloaded and taken up with play. Since the rolling elements are axially supported in the operation of the tapered roller bearing because of the axial loads occurring at the large outboard of the inner ring, the retaining bolts do not touch the walls of the retaining groove during operation of the tapered roller bearing due to said game, so that a mechanical overloading of the retaining bolts excluded and minimized friction losses are.

Another feature of a tapered roller bearing formed according to the invention may be that the inner diameter of the first side ring of the rolling element cage is smaller than the inner diameter of its second side ring. As a result, the rolling element cage as a whole has a conical geometry, so that the frustoconical rolling elements can be easily picked up by the rolling element cage.

According to a further embodiment it can be provided that at least two holes are formed on the first side ring of the rolling element cage, which are each arranged in an imaginary axial extension of a rolling body pocket on the first side ring of the Wälzkörperkäfigs, which are each equipped with a retaining pin, and which on the Scope of Wälzkörperkäfigs are uniformly spaced from each other. As a result, given a minimum of construction effort in some applications, a sufficient axial securing position of the Wälzkörperkäfigs and the rolling elements on the inner ring.

It can also be provided that in each case a bore is formed in the first side ring of the rolling element cage in the region of at least every fifth rolling body pocket, in each of which a retaining bolt is arranged.

According to another embodiment, it is provided that the holes for the retaining bolts are formed there on the first side ring, where the webs are connected to the first side ring. This results in a further optimization in the introduction of force from the first side ring of the Wälzkörperkäfigs in the inner ring of the tapered roller bearing.

Preferably, the retaining bolts in the holes are positively and / or cohesively, in particular fixed by screwing, press-fitting, shrinking, soldering, welding or by another joining method. As a result, the retaining bolts together with the inner ring, the Wälzkörperkäfig and the rolling elements form a constructive assembly unit, which is easier to handle in the further assembly of the tapered roller bearing. Alternatively, the retaining bolts may be caulked to the side ring, for example, or joined together by thermal shrinkage or expansion.

Preferably, the Wälzkörperkäfig is integrally formed, and it is preferably made of a high-strength steel alloy. As a result, there is a high mechanical strength and long durability of Wälzkörperkäfigs and the entire tapered roller bearing, which is very advantageous especially for the storage of the rotor shaft of a wind turbine.

• a) Ablegen des Innenrings mit seiner durchmessergroßen, zweiten Stirnseite auf eine plane Unterlage,
• b) axiales Aufschieben des Wälzkörperkäfigs mit seinem zweiten, durchmessergrößeren Seitenring voran auf den Innenring,
• c) Einlegen der Wälzkörper in Taschen des Wälzkörperkäfigs,
• d) Einbringen der Haltebolzen in radiale Bohrungen des ersten, durchmesserkleineren Seitenrings des Wälzkörperkäfigs sowie in eine radiale Haltenut des Innenrings,
• e) Fixieren der Haltebolzen in den Bohrungen des ersten Seitenrings,
• f) axiales Aufschieben des Außenrings auf die aus dem Innenring, dem Wälzkörperkäfig, den Wälzkörpern und den Haltebolzen gebildeten Montageeinheit zur Komplettierung des Kegelrollenlagers.

Moreover, the invention relates to a method for mounting a tapered roller bearing with at least some of the aforementioned features. For simple, safe and cost-effective installation of such a tapered roller bearing, the invention provides the following assembly steps:

• a) placing the inner ring with its large diameter, second end face on a flat surface,
• b) axial sliding of the roller body cage with its second, larger diameter side ring ahead on the inner ring,
• c) inserting the rolling elements into pockets of the rolling element cage,
• d) introducing the retaining bolts into radial bores of the first, smaller-diameter side ring of the rolling body cage and into a radial retaining groove of the inner ring,
• e) fixing the retaining bolts in the bores of the first side ring,
• f) axial sliding of the outer ring on the assembly formed from the inner ring, the Wälzkörperkäfig, the rolling elements and the retaining bolts to complete the tapered roller bearing.

As a result, the assembly of the tapered roller bearing is particularly simple, which is particularly important for very large tapered roller bearings, as they are widely used for example in wind turbines for rotor bearings use, is of great importance. Furthermore, a buckling or pulling or warping of the rolling element cage during assembly of the tapered roller bearing is avoided. Furthermore, the occasional falling-out or damage of the rolling elements which is to be observed in known rolling element cages is avoided.

For a better understanding of the invention, the description is accompanied by a drawing of an embodiment. The same structural components each have the same reference numerals. In the drawing shows

1 a radial section through a portion of a tapered roller bearing having the features of the invention,

2 a partial perspective view of a rolling element cage of the tapered roller bearing according to 1 .

3 a partial perspective view of the inner ring of the tapered roller bearing according to 1 and

4 a partial perspective view of the tapered roller bearing according to 1 ,

This in 1 shown tapered roller bearings 50 has an inner ring 30 , a rolling element cage 10 as well as an outer ring 52 on. The outer ring 52 is formed Bordordless and has a radially inwardly facing outer ring raceway 54 , The inner ring 30 has a guide board at its large diameter axial end 42 , to which axially a radially outwardly facing inner ring raceway 32 followed. At the small diameter axial end of the inner ring 30 is a bordloser area at this 36 educated. The two bearing rings 52 . 54 are rotationally symmetric to a longitudinal central axis 16 tapered roller bearing 50 formed and arranged coaxially one above the other.

Radially between the inner ring 30 and the outer ring 52 is a rolling element cage 10 arranged, which is designed as a window cage and made of steel. In particular 2 shows, the Wälzkörperkäfig 10 two side rings 12 . 14 on, passing through a plurality of webs 18 connected to each other. The two side rings 12 . 14 as well as two directly adjacent bars 18 form a rolling-body pocket 20 , in each of which a conical rolling element 56 is included. As 1 can recognize, has a first end face 70 the rolling elements 56 a small diameter D ₁ and the second end face 72 of the rolling element 56 a comparatively larger diameter D ₂ . The rolling elements 56 rotate during operation around a Wälzkörperlängsachse 58 and roll on the inner ring raceway 32 of the inner ring 30 as well as on the outer ring raceway 54 of the outer ring 52 from.

As the 1 . 2 and 4 show are in the smaller diameter first side ring 12 of the rolling element cage 10 radially inwardly directed, through holes 60 introduced, in each of which a retaining bolt 24 axially at least partially received and attached. The holes 60 can be formed as through holes or as blind holes. The retaining bolts 24 engage in a radially outwardly open holding groove 38 with game, which in the Bordlosen area 36 of the inner ring 30 is trained. The retaining bolts 24 serve essentially the game-affixed fixation of the smaller diameter first side ring 12 of the rolling element cage 10 on the inner ring 30 and transmit at standstill at most static forces and low in operation, the main operating load 86 opposing axial forces from the rolling elements 56 over the rolling element cage 10 in the inner ring 30 , Such to the main operating load 86 opposing axial forces can arise, for example, in a rarely occurring emergency stop the rotor of a wind turbine. The retaining bolts 24 are in the holes 60 positively and / or cohesively, in particular by screwing, pressing, shrinking, soldering, welding or any other joining method fixed.

In particular 1 shows, is the Wälzkörperkäfig 10 with its large diameter second side ring 14 over a small radial gap 62 on the radial outside of the guide board 42 of the inner ring 30 guided radially.

The frustoconical rolling elements 56 have in the range of their smaller diameter first end face 70 and in the region of its larger diameter second end face 72 each a concave depression 74 . 76 shallow depth, the mirror image of each other and centric with respect to the Wälzkörperlängsachse 58 are formed. Each of the two concave depressions 74 . 76 sits centrally in a cylindrical bore 78 . 80 continued small diameter.

The first, smaller diameter side ring 12 of the rolling element cage 10 has an approximately rectangular cross-sectional geometry. In the area of each rolling element pocket 20 is in each case a contact surface 82 on the first side ring 12 formed, which the first, smaller front page 70 the respective rolling elements 56 is directed. Accordingly, at the second, larger diameter side ring 14 of the rolling element cage 10 in the area of each rolling element pocket 20 further contact surface 84 for the second, larger front side 72 the respective rolling elements 56 educated.

In the tapered roller bearing according to the invention 50 is on the inner ring 30 near his big front 40 a big guide board 42 trained, while a small guide board manufacturing costs saving did not have to be made. Because the inner ring 30 At its smaller diameter axial end radially protrudes less far outward, the Wälzkörperkäfig 10 the free space in the tapered roller bearing 50 exploiting now be a total of solid and mechanically stiffer, as in known tapered roller bearings with a zweibordigen inner ring. In addition, the inner ring 30 be made cheaper.

As 2 shows, the inner diameter of the side ring E ₁ 12 is smaller than the inner diameter E _{2 of} the second side ring 14 , whereby the rolling element cage 10 overall has a conical geometry. In the first side ring 12 is in the area every third roller pocket 20 one in 2 invisible, radially inward and through hole 60 introduced, in each case at least in sections a retaining bolt 24 is attached. The retaining bolts 24 surmount the first side ring 12 of the rolling element cage 10 while radially inward, so that these in the annular retaining groove 38 of the inner ring 30 can intervene.

3 shows a perspective top view of the inner ring 30 tapered roller bearing 50 according to 1 , The inner ring 30 is to the longitudinal center axis 16 formed rotationally symmetrical and frustoconical. He has radially outside the already mentioned inner ring raceway 32 with a substantially frustoconical surface on which the rolling elements 56 roll. In the area of the first, smaller-diameter end face 34 of the inner ring 30 is the hollow cylindrical holding section 36 of the inner ring 30 formed in the circumferential and radially outwardly open retaining groove 38 is trained. The holding groove 38 serves, as mentioned, for play-loaded receiving the radially inwardly directed retaining bolts 24 in the holes 60 in the first side ring 12 of the rolling element cage 10 are plugged in. Axial on both sides of the retaining groove 38 is a first cylindrical peripheral surface 46 and a second cylindrical peripheral surface 48 formed, wherein the second peripheral surface 48 compared to the first peripheral surface 46 is about twice as wide. The two peripheral surfaces 46 . 48 the hollow cylindrical holding portion 36 of the inner ring 30 have radially outward and serve for the radial guidance of the smaller diameter side ring 12 of the rolling element cage 10 in this area of the tapered roller bearing 50 ,

This in the area of the second, larger diameter front side 40 of the inner ring 30 trained guide board 42 has an approximately annular and axial to the inner ring raceway 3 pointing start-up surface 44 on, which for the axial guidance of the rolling elements 56 serves. This contact surface 44 runs approximately perpendicular to the longitudinal central axis 16 tapered roller bearing 50 ,

The 4 shows a partial perspective view of the in 1 shown tapered roller bearing 50 , The tapered roller bearing 50 Visibly comprises a plurality of frustoconical rolling elements 56 , by means of the already described Wälzkörperkäfigs 10 circumferentially evenly spaced from each other and axially in the direction of the longitudinal central axis 16 tapered roller bearing 50 are guided, and those on the careers 32 . 54 of the inner ring 30 and the only indicated outer ring 52 roll. The rolling element cage 10 has the two already mentioned side rings 12 . 14 on, which in the axial direction by means of a plurality of webs 18 are arranged uniformly spaced from each other. Two bars each 18 form an approximately rectangular Wälzkörpertasche 20 for receiving in each case a rolling element 56 , In the first, smaller-diameter side ring 12 are radially inward bores 60 introduced, in each case a retaining bolt 24 partially recorded. In this case engages the respective radially inwardly directed end portion 90 of each retaining bolt 24 with axial and radial play in the radially outwardly open retaining groove 38 of the inner ring 12 one. The axial and radial play avoids undesirable friction losses during operation of the tapered roller bearing 50 , This also ensures that the retaining bolts 24 in regular operation of the tapered roller bearing 50 are not exposed to large mechanical loads, so these retaining bolts 24 each may have a relatively small diameter.

In 4 is exemplary only in the range of every fourth Wälzkörpertasche 20 a hole 60 in the smaller diameter, first side ring 12 for receiving a respective retaining bolt 60 intended. A deviating arrangement and / or number of retaining bolts 24 and drilling 60 in the first side ring 12 of the rolling element cage 10 is also possible and will be realized as needed.

When carrying out the method according to the invention for mounting the described tapered roller bearing 50 First, the inner ring 30 with its larger diameter second end face 40 placed on a suitable level surface. Then the Wälzkörperkäfig 10 with its second, larger diameter side ring 14 ahead on the inner ring 30 pushed axially. Subsequently, each rolling element 56 in each case a Wälzkörpertasche 20 of the rolling element cage 10 inserted. In the pockets 20 used are the rolling elements 56 on the inner ring raceway 32 and are based on the radially outer guide board 42 of the inner ring 30 axially. Due to the radially outward inclination of the rolling body pockets 20 can the rolling elements 56 not uncontrolled from the Wälzkörperkäfig 10 fall out, causing damage to the rolling elements 56 are almost impossible.

In a further assembly step then the retaining bolts 24 far into the radial bores 60 of the first side ring 12 of the rolling element cage 10 pushed in until the retaining bolts 24 in the radially outwardly open retaining groove 38 on the inner ring 30 intervention. Thereafter or simultaneously, the retaining bolts 24 in the holes 60 to provide a mounting unit on the first side ring 12 of the rolling element cage 10 fastened by means of a suitable joining method or fixed in the position reached. Finally, there is an axial sliding of the outer ring 52 on the out of the inner ring 30 , the rolling element cage 10 , the rolling elements 56 and the retaining bolt 24 formed Assembly unit for completing the tapered roller bearing 50 ,

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

10

 Rolling Element

12

 First, smaller-diameter side ring

14

 Second, larger diameter side ring

16

 Longitudinal central axis

18

 Bar of the rolling element cage

20

 rolling body

24

 Retaining bolt on the first side ring

30

 inner ring

32

 Inner ring raceway

34

 First end face of the inner ring

36

 Bordloser area of the inner ring

38

 Holding groove on the inner ring

40

 Second end of the inner ring

42

 Guide board on the inner ring

44

 Contact surface on the guide board

46

 First peripheral surface of the holding portion

48

 Second peripheral surface of the holding portion

50

 Tapered roller bearings

52

 outer ring

54

 Outer ring raceway

56

 rolling elements

58

 Wälzkörperlängsachse

60

 Holes in the first side ring of the Wälzkörperkäfigs

62

 radial gap

70

 First face of the rolling element

72

 Second end face of the rolling element

74

 Concave depression in the first face of the rolling element

76

 Concave recess in the second end face of the rolling element

78

 Cylindrical bore in the first end face of the rolling element

80

 Cylindrical hole in the second end face of the rolling element

82

 Contact surface on the first side ring of the Wälzkörperkäfigs

84

 Contact surface on the second side ring of the Wälzkörperkäfigs

86

 Arrow (direction of main operating load)

90

End portion of a retaining bolt 18

E ₁

 Inner diameter of the first side ring

E ₂

 Inner diameter of the second side ring

D ₁

 Outer diameter of the first end face of the rolling body

D ₂

 Outer diameter of the second end face of the rolling body

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 102006052045 A1 [0002]
• DE 7205912 U [0003]

Claims (8)

Tapered roller bearings ( 50 ) with an inner ring ( 30 ) and an outer ring ( 52 ) and with a rolling body cage arranged radially therebetween ( 10 ), wherein on the inner ring ( 30 ) an inner ring raceway ( 32 ) and on the outer ring ( 52 ) an outer ring raceway ( 54 ) is formed, at which radially between the inner ring ( 30 ) and the outer ring ( 52 ) arranged conical rolling elements ( 56 ), in which the rolling element cage ( 10 ) a first side ring ( 12 ) and a second side ring ( 14 ), which via webs ( 18 ), in which the two side rings ( 12 . 14 ) and two adjacent webs ( 18 ) a Wälzkörpertasche ( 20 ) for receiving in each case a rolling element ( 56 ), and in which the inner ring raceway ( 32 ) at an axial end of a radially outer guide board ( 42 ) as well as at the other axial end of a guidance-free area ( 36 ) is axially limited, characterized in that the first side ring ( 12 ) of the rolling element cage ( 10 ) a plurality of radially inwardly open holes ( 60 ), that in the holes ( 60 ) each have a retaining bolt ( 24 ) is arranged, that the retaining bolts ( 24 ) the first side ring ( 12 ) protrude radially inward, and that the retaining bolts ( 24 ) in a circumferential retaining groove ( 38 ), which in the guidance-cordless area ( 36 ) of the inner ring ( 30 ) is trained. Tapered roller bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that the retaining bolts ( 24 ) in the retaining groove ( 38 ) of the inner ring ( 30 ) are load-free and are recorded with play. Taper roller bearing according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the inner diameter (E ₁ ) of the first side ring ( 12 ) of the rolling element cage ( 10 ) is smaller than the inner diameter (E ₂ ) of the second side ring ( 14 ) of the rolling element cage ( 10 ). Tapered roller bearing according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that on the first side ring ( 12 ) of the rolling element cage ( 10 ) at least two holes ( 60 ), which in each case in an imaginary axial extension of a Wälzkörpertasche ( 20 ) on the first side ring ( 12 ) of the rolling element cage ( 10 ) are arranged, which each with a retaining bolt ( 24 ), and which on the circumference of the Wälzkörperkäfigs ( 10 ) are arranged uniformly spaced relative to each other. Tapered roller bearing according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that in the first side ring ( 12 ) of the rolling element cage ( 10 ) in the region of at least every fifth rolling element pocket ( 20 ) each have a bore ( 60 ) is formed, in each of which a retaining bolt ( 24 ) is arranged. Tapered roller bearing according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the retaining bolts ( 24 ) in the holes ( 60 ) are positively and / or cohesively fixed by screwing, pressing, shrinking, soldering or welding. Tapered roller bearing according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the rolling body cage ( 10 ) is integrally formed, and that this consists of a high-strength steel alloy. Method for mounting a tapered roller bearing ( 50 ) having the features of at least one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the following steps: a) depositing the inner ring ( 30 ) with its larger diameter second end face ( 40 ) on a flat surface, b) axial sliding of the Wälzkörperkäfigs ( 10 ) with its second, larger diameter side ring ( 14 ) ahead on the inner ring ( 30 ), c) inserting the rolling elements ( 56 ) in bags ( 20 ) of the rolling element cage ( 10 ), d) introducing the retaining bolts ( 24 ) in radial bores ( 60 ) of the first, smaller diameter side ring ( 12 ) of the rolling element cage ( 10 ) and in a radial retaining groove ( 38 ) of the inner ring ( 30 ), e) fixing the retaining bolts ( 24 ) in the holes ( 60 ) of the first side ring ( 12 ), f) axial sliding of the outer ring ( 52 ) on the from the inner ring ( 30 ), the Wälzkörperkäfig ( 10 ), the rolling elements ( 56 ) and the retaining bolt ( 24 ) assembly unit for completing the tapered roller bearing ( 50 ).

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