DE102015115455A1 - Semi-finished product and method for producing a semifinished product and method for coating a surface with the semifinished product - Google Patents
Semi-finished product and method for producing a semifinished product and method for coating a surface with the semifinished product Download PDFInfo
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- DE102015115455A1 DE102015115455A1 DE102015115455.2A DE102015115455A DE102015115455A1 DE 102015115455 A1 DE102015115455 A1 DE 102015115455A1 DE 102015115455 A DE102015115455 A DE 102015115455A DE 102015115455 A1 DE102015115455 A1 DE 102015115455A1
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
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- B29C70/34—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core and shaping or impregnating by compression, i.e. combined with compressing after the lay-up operation
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Abstract
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Halbzeug (10) zur Beschichtung von Oberflächen, von Faserverbundstrukturen (5). Das Halbzeug (10) weist eine Folie (1) auf, die auf ihrer ersten Seite mit einem Dämpfungselement (2) und/oder einem elektrisch leitenden Material (6) nicht lösbar verbunden ist. Ferner betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zum Herstellen des Halbzeugs (10). Außerdem betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zum Beschichten einer Oberfläche einer Faserverbundstruktur (5) mit einem Halbzeug (10) durch Herstellen des Halbzeugs (10), Bereitstellen einer Faserverbundstruktur (5) mit einer Oberfläche und Verbinden des Halbzeugs (10) mit der Oberfläche, insbesondere durch Nasslaminieren oder Harzinfusion.The invention relates to a semifinished product (10) for coating surfaces of fiber composite structures (5). The semifinished product (10) has a film (1) which is non-detachably connected on its first side to a damping element (2) and / or an electrically conductive material (6). Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for producing the semifinished product (10). In addition, the invention relates to a method for coating a surface of a fiber composite structure (5) with a semifinished product (10) by producing the semifinished product (10), providing a fiber composite structure (5) with a surface and connecting the semifinished product (10) with the surface, in particular by wet lamination or resin infusion.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Halbzeug zur Beschichtung von Oberflächen von Faserverbundstrukturen sowie ein Herstellungsverfahren für das Halbzeug. Ferner betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zur Beschichten einer Oberfläche einer Faserverbundstruktur mit dem Halbzeug. The invention relates to a semifinished product for coating surfaces of fiber composite structures and to a production method for the semifinished product. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for coating a surface of a fiber composite structure with the semifinished product.
Gemäß dem Stand der Technik werden Oberflächen von Bauteilen oder Faserverbundstrukturen mit Lacken beschichtet oder mit Folien beklebt, um so das Bauteil oder die Faserverbundstruktur z.B. vor Feuchtigkeit zu schützen. Beispielsweise wird eine derartige Beschichtung im Bootsbau verwendet, wo die Rumpfstruktur, die z.B. aus einem Faserverbundwerkstoff gefertigt ist, ohne eine Beschichtung im ständigen Kontakt mit Wasser geschädigt würde. According to the state of the art, surfaces of components or fiber composite structures are coated with paints or foiled with films so as to form the component or fiber composite structure e.g. to protect from moisture. For example, such a coating is used in boatbuilding, where the hull structure, e.g. made of a fiber composite material would be damaged without a coating in constant contact with water.
Diese Beschichtung von Oberflächen vor Feuchtigkeit oder Erosionsschutz ist bewährt, wobei es wünschenswert ist, das Bauteil neben Feuchtigkeit auch vor anderen Einwirkungen auf das Bauteil oder die Faserverbundstruktur, wie z.B. Stößen oder Eisansatz, zu schützen. This coating of surfaces against moisture or erosion protection is well proven, and it is desirable to protect the component from moisture, as well as from other effects on the component or fiber composite structure, e.g. Bumps or ice accumulation, protect.
Daher ist es Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung die bekannten Maßnahmen zum Schutz von Oberflächen von Faserverbundstrukturen weiterzuentwickeln und eine gegenüber dem Stand der Technik vorteilhafte Möglichkeit zu finden, um die Oberflächen von Faserverbundstrukturen neben Feuchtigkeit auch vor anderen Einwirkungen auf das Bauteil oder die Faserverbundstruktur zu schützen. Ferner soll die weiterentwickelte Beschichtung in bekannte Beschichtungsprozesse leicht integrierbar sein. It is therefore an object of the present invention to further develop the known measures for the protection of surfaces of fiber composite structures and to find an advantageous over the prior art way to protect the surfaces of fiber composite structures in addition to moisture and other effects on the component or fiber composite structure. Furthermore, the further developed coating should be easy to integrate into known coating processes.
Die Aufgabe wird durch ein Halbzeug zum Beschichten von Oberflächen nach Anspruch 1 sowie ein Verfahren zum Herstellen des Halbzeugs nach Anspruch 9 und ein Verfahren zum Beschichten einer Oberfläche nach Anspruch 10 gelöst. The object is achieved by a semifinished product for coating surfaces according to
Hierzu betrifft die Erfindung ein Halbzeug zur Beschichtung von Oberflächen, von Faserverbundstrukturen, also Strukturen, die aus Faserverbundwerkstoffen hergestellt sind. Mit Strukturen sind dabei Bauteile und insbesondere für bestimmte Zwecke konstruierte Elemente gemeint, beispielsweise Primärstrukturen wie tragende Chassis oder Bootsrümpfe oder Sekundärstrukturen wie Verkleidungsteile. Das Halbzeug umfasst erfindungsgemäß eine Folie, die auf ihrer ersten Seite mit einem Dämpfungselement und/oder einem elektrisch leitenden Material nicht lösbar verbunden ist. To this end, the invention relates to a semifinished product for coating surfaces of fiber composite structures, ie structures that are made of fiber composites. By structures are meant components and in particular designed for specific purposes elements, such as primary structures such as load-bearing chassis or boat hulls or secondary structures such as trim parts. The semifinished product according to the invention comprises a film which is non-detachably connected on its first side to a damping element and / or an electrically conductive material.
Die Folie bildet eine Sperrschicht, die später eine Oberfläche, die mit dem Halbzeug beschichtet werden kann, vor Feuchtigkeit schützt. Ferner bietet das Halbzeug durch das Dämpfungselement einen Schutz vor Stoßbelastung. Alternativ lässt sich das elektrisch leitende Material mit einer Strom- oder Spannungsquelle verbinden, sodass sich das elektrisch leitende Material durch seinen Widerstand beim Anlegen einer Spannung erwärmt und somit als Heizelement gegen Eisansatz dient. The film forms a barrier which later protects a surface which can be coated with the semi-finished product from moisture. Furthermore, the semi-finished by the damping element provides protection against impact load. Alternatively, the electrically conductive material can be connected to a current or voltage source, so that the electrically conductive material is heated by its resistance when a voltage is applied and thus serves as a heating element against ice accumulation.
Ferner kann das elektrisch leitende Material als Blitzschutz für die Oberfläche dienen. Demnach wird im Falle eines Blitzschlages zwar die Folie zerstört, wobei jedoch die elektrische Entladung durch das elektrisch leitende Material abgeleitet wird. Vorteilhaft ist auch, dass die Blitzschlagschädigung durch die geschmolzene Folie leichter auch optisch lokalisiert werden kann. Furthermore, the electrically conductive material can serve as lightning protection for the surface. Accordingly, in the case of a lightning strike, the film is destroyed, but the electrical discharge is dissipated by the electrically conductive material. It is also advantageous that the lightning damage due to the molten foil can also be located more easily optically.
Erfindungsgemäß ermöglicht das Halbzeug durch die nichtlösbare Verbindung mehrere Schichten in einem vorgelagerten Herstellungsprozess demnach einen hohen Integrationsgrad von Schutzschichten insbesondere in teilweise handwerkliche Produktionsprozesse, wie z.B. in kleinen Bootswerften, Windenergie Rotorblatt Fertigungen aber auch in komplexen Luftfahrtfertigungsverfahren. According to the invention, the semifinished product, by virtue of the non-detachable connection, makes it possible for a plurality of layers in an upstream production process to have a high degree of integration of protective layers, in particular in partially manual production processes, such as e.g. in small shipyards, wind energy rotor blade manufacturing but also in complex aviation manufacturing processes.
Um demnach mehrere Schutzmaßnahmen gegen verschiedene Einflüsse auf Oberflächen von Faserverbundstrukturen zu erhalten, ohne hierfür bestehende und oft bewerte und qualifizierte Verfahrensabläufe gravierend zu ändern wird auf eine konsequente Trennung in der Herstellung zwischen der tragenden Faserverbundstruktur, und dem Beschichtungsmaterial, nämlich dem Halbzeug, abgezielt. Das bedeutet, dass unabhängig von dem späteren Fertigungsverfahren bzw. Produkt zuerst ein Halbzeug in Gestalt der Faserverbundstruktur mittels eines industriellen eigenständigen Prozesses gemäß dem Stand der Technik hergestellt wird. Accordingly, in order to obtain a plurality of protective measures against various influences on surfaces of fiber composite structures, without seriously changing existing and often evaluated and qualified procedures, a consistent separation in the production between the supporting fiber composite structure and the coating material, namely the semifinished product, is aimed at. This means that regardless of the subsequent manufacturing process or product, a semi-finished product in the form of the fiber composite structure is first produced by means of an industrial independent process according to the prior art.
Gemäß einer Ausführungsform ist auf der zweiten Seite der Folie ein Dämpfungselement nicht lösbar verbunden. Dieses Dämpfungselement dient als Träger für eine spätere äußere optische Lackierung, z.B. mit Gelcoat oder einem anderen Lack oder Hartlack. According to one embodiment, a damping element is non-detachably connected on the second side of the film. This damping element serves as a carrier for a later outer optical coating, e.g. with gelcoat or another varnish or hard varnish.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform ist eines oder sind beide Dämpfungselemente des Halbzeugs aus einem Vlies, insbesondere aus Polyester, einem Gewirk, einem Gewebe, insbesondere aus Polyester, Glasfaserverstärktem Kunststoff (GFK), Kohlenstofffaserverstärktem Kunststoff (CFK) oder Aramidfaserverstärktem Kunststoff (AFK), oder Multiaxialgelegen (MAG). According to a further embodiment, one or both damping elements of the semifinished product are made of a non-woven, in particular of polyester, a knitted fabric, a woven, in particular of polyester, glass fiber reinforced plastic (GRP), carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFK) or aramid fiber reinforced plastic (AFK), or Multiaxialgelegen (LIKE).
Diese Materialen des Dämpfungselements weisen für verschiedene vorteilhafte Einsatzarten des Halbzeugs vorteilhafte Eigenschaften auf. Demnach ist ein Vlies besonders vorteilhaft, um eine Kraft, insbesondere durch einen Stoß, auf eine Oberfläche mit dem Halbzeug abzudämpfen. Beim Einsatz von Aramidfaserverstärktem Kunststoff ist sogar eine Sicherung vor Beschuss möglich. These materials of the damping element have advantageous properties for various advantageous types of use of the semifinished product. Accordingly, a nonwoven is particularly advantageous to a force, in particular by a shock, on a surface to dampen with the semifinished product. When using aramid fiber reinforced plastic, even a protection against fire is possible.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform besteht die Folie aus Polyolefin, Polytetrafluorethylen (PTFE), Teflon oder Perfluorethylenpropylen (FEP) und ist luft- und feuchtigkeitsundurchlässig. Diese Materialien lassen sich besonders stabil ausbilden und bewirken gleichzeitig eine gute Sperrwirkung gegen Feuchtigkeit. According to a further embodiment, the film consists of polyolefin, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), Teflon or perfluoroethylene propylene (FEP) and is impermeable to air and moisture. These materials can be formed particularly stable and at the same time cause a good barrier against moisture.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform ist das elektrisch leitende Material ein Netz oder Blitzschutznetz, insbesondere mit Kupfer, Aluminium oder Bronze. Ein Netz, das auch Mesh genannt wird, ist vorteilhaft, da sich ein flächendeckender Blitzschutz über die gesamte Fläche des Halbzeugs und damit einer später damit beschichteten Oberfläche realisieren lässt, ohne das Gewicht des Halbzeugs übermäßig zu erhöhen. According to a further embodiment, the electrically conductive material is a network or lightning protection network, in particular with copper, aluminum or bronze. A mesh, which is also called a mesh, is advantageous, since a nationwide lightning protection over the entire surface of the semifinished product and thus a later thus coated surface can be realized without increasing the weight of the semifinished product excessively.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform ist die Folie auf ihrer ersten Seite mit einem Dämpfungselement nicht lösbar verbunden und ein elektrisch leitendes Material in das Dämpfungselement auf der ersten Seite integriert. Demnach umfasst das Halbzeug neben der Schutzwirkung vor Feuchtigkeit gleichzeitig eine Schutzwirkung vor Stößen und vor Blitz und/oder Eisbildung. According to a further embodiment, the film is not detachably connected on its first side to a damping element and an electrically conductive material is integrated into the damping element on the first side. Accordingly, in addition to the protective effect against moisture, the semifinished product simultaneously has a protective effect against impacts and against lightning and / or ice formation.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform umfasst das elektrisch leitende Material Anschlüsse zum Verbinden mit einer Spannungs- und/oder Stromquelle. Demnach lässt sich das Halbzeug nach dem Anbringen auf einer Oberfläche in einfacher Weise mit einer Spannungs- und/oder Stromquelle verbinden, sodass ein Erwärmen des Halbzeugs zum Schutz vor Eisansatz möglich ist. According to a further embodiment, the electrically conductive material comprises connections for connection to a voltage and / or current source. Accordingly, the semifinished product can be easily connected to a voltage and / or current source after mounting on a surface, so that heating of the semifinished product to protect against ice accumulation is possible.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform ist die nicht lösbare Verbindung der Folie mit dem oder den Dämpfungselementen und/oder dem elektrisch leitenden Material durch ein Klebeverfahren, insbesondere ein maschinelles Punkt- oder Flächeklebeverfahren, durch thermische Multilayertechnologie und/oder durch Aufdrucken auf die Folie hergestellt. Derartige Verbindungen sind besonders langlebig und robust. According to a further embodiment, the non-detachable connection of the film with the damping element (s) and / or the electrically conductive material is produced by an adhesive method, in particular a machine-spot or surface bonding method, by thermal multilayer technology and / or by printing on the film. Such compounds are particularly durable and robust.
Alternativ oder zusätzlich ist die Folie zumindest auf einer der Seiten mit einem Primer behandelt. Unter einem Primer wird dabei ein Material zur Haftvermittlung beim Kleben an der Grenzfläche der zu verklebenden Elemente verstanden. Hierdurch wird die Qualität einer Klebeverbindung weiter verbessert. Alternatively or additionally, the film is treated at least on one side with a primer. In this case, a primer is understood as meaning a material for adhesion during bonding at the interface of the elements to be bonded. As a result, the quality of an adhesive bond is further improved.
Ferner umfasst die Erfindung ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Halbzeugs gemäß einer der vorhergehenden Ausführungsformen wobei hierbei die Folie des Halbzeugs auf ihrer ersten Seite nicht lösbar mit einem Dämpfungselement und/oder einem elektrisch leitenden Material verbunden wird. Furthermore, the invention comprises a method for producing a semifinished product according to one of the preceding embodiments, wherein in this case the film of the semifinished product is non-detachably connected on its first side to a damping element and / or an electrically conductive material.
Zudem umfasst die Erfindung ein Verfahren zum Beschichten einer Oberfläche einer Faserverbundstruktur mit einem Halbzeug gemäß einer der vorgenannten Ausführungsformen. In einem Schritt wird das Halbzeug hergestellt, also zumindest die Folie des Halbzeugs auf ihrer ersten Seite nicht lösbar mit einem Dämpfungselement und/oder einem elektrisch leitenden Material verbunden. Ferner wird eine Faserverbundstruktur, also eine Struktur aus Faserverbundwerkstoff, die eine Oberfläche aufweist, bereitgestellt. Im letzten Schritt wird das Halbzeug mit der Oberfläche, z.B. durch Nasslaminieren oder Harzinfusion, verbunden. In addition, the invention comprises a method for coating a surface of a fiber composite structure with a semifinished product according to one of the aforementioned embodiments. In one step, the semifinished product is produced, that is, at least the film of the semifinished product on its first side is not detachably connected to a damping element and / or an electrically conductive material. Furthermore, a fiber composite structure, ie a structure of fiber composite material having a surface is provided. In the last step, the semi-finished product with the surface, e.g. by wet lamination or resin infusion.
Beim Nasslaminieren wird das erfindungsgemäße Halbzeug zugeschnitten und in eine Form gelegt. Jede Lage wird mit Matrix, das heißt dem zur Einbettung verwendeten Material wie beispielsweise Harz, getränkt und angedrückt. Danach wird das aus mehreren Lagen gebildete Laminat verdichtet und das überschüssige Matrixmaterial entfernt. In wet lamination, the semifinished product according to the invention is cut to size and placed in a mold. Each layer is impregnated with matrix, that is, the material used for embedding, such as resin, and pressed. Thereafter, the laminate formed from several layers is compacted and the excess matrix material is removed.
Beim Harzinfusionsverfahren werden die Lagen des erfindungsgemäßen Halbzeugs zunächst ohne Matrix, also trocken, in der Negativform angeordnet. Anschließend wird im Innenraum der Form ein Vakuum geschaffen, beispielsweise durch Abdichtung des Form und Evakuierung über einen Evakuierungszugang zum Innenraum. Ferner wird eine Harzzufuhr zum Innenraum vorgesehen, über die Matrix, nämlich Harz, eingebracht wird. Eine fortlaufende Absaugung über den Evakuierungszugang verursacht eine gewünschte Strömung des Matrixmaterials und eine gleichmäßige Tränkung der Halbzeuglagen. In the case of the resin infusion process, the layers of the semifinished product according to the invention are first arranged without matrix, that is to say dry, in the negative mold. Subsequently, a vacuum is created in the interior of the mold, for example by sealing the mold and evacuation via an evacuation access to the interior. Further, a resin supply to the interior space is provided through which matrix, namely resin, is introduced. Continuous extraction via the evacuation access causes a desired flow of the matrix material and a uniform impregnation of the semi-finished layers.
Beim Prepregverfahren werden die Lagen des erfindungsgemäßen Halbzeuges zunächst trocken also ohne Harz/Matrix in der Form abgelegt. Darauf werden reine Matrix-/Harzfilmlagen positioniert und der weitere Aufbau mittels bekannter Prepreglagen durchgeführt. Prepreglagen sind mit Matrixmaterial beziehungsweise Harz vorimprägnierte (englisch: pre-impregnated) textile Halbzeuge, die zur Herstellung von Bauteilen ausgehärtet werden. Durch den Prozess (Temperatur, Zeit, Vakuum oder Überdruck) wird der Harzfilm flüssig, durchtränkt das erfindungsgemäße Halbzeug und verbindet sich mit den übrigen Lagen. Das Prepregverfahren mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Halbzeug wird vorteilhaft mit Überdruck durchgeführt, beispielsweise in einem Autoklav oder einem Druckkessel. In the case of the prepreg process, the layers of the semi-finished product according to the invention are first laid dry in the mold without any resin / matrix. Then, pure matrix / resin film layers are positioned and the further construction is carried out by means of known prepreg layers. Prepreg layers are pre-impregnated textile materials which are cured to form components. Through the process (temperature, time, vacuum or overpressure), the resin film becomes liquid, saturates the semifinished product according to the invention and combines with the other layers. The prepreg process with the semifinished product according to the invention is advantageously carried out with overpressure, for example in an autoclave or a pressure vessel.
Das Verfahren ermöglicht es somit mehrere Schutzmaßnahmen gegen verschiedene Einflüsse auf Oberflächen von Strukturen zu realisieren, ohne hierfür bestehende und oft bewerte und qualifizierte Verfahrensabläufe gravierend zu ändern, indem nämlich das Halbzeug in einem getrennten Prozess separat von der damit zu beschichtenden Struktur hergestellt wird. The method thus makes it possible to implement several protective measures against various influences on surfaces of structures, without seriously altering existing and often evaluated and qualified procedures, namely that the semi-finished product is produced separately from the structure to be coated in a separate process.
Gemäß einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform des Verfahrens wird das Halbzeug zum Verbinden in einer Form, die insbesondere ein Heizelement zum Erwärmen des Halbzeugs aufweist, platziert. Dann wird das Halbzeug z.B. mit einem Harz getränkt und zum Verbinden ein Laminierverfahren, insbesondere Handlaminierverfahren, ein Infusionsverfahren, oder ein Prepregverfahren verwendet. According to a further advantageous embodiment of the method, the semifinished product for bonding in a mold, which in particular has a heating element for heating the semifinished product, placed. Then the semifinished product is e.g. impregnated with a resin and used for bonding a lamination process, in particular Handlaminierverfahren, an infusion process, or a prepreg process.
Ein einfaches Beschichten einer Oberfläche einer Struktur zum Schutz verschiedenster äußerer Einflüsse, wie Stoß, Blitz, Eisansatz, Erosion oder sogar Beschuss, ist somit möglich. A simple coating of a surface of a structure to protect a variety of external influences, such as shock, lightning, ice accumulation, erosion or even shelling, is thus possible.
Weitere Ausführungsformen ergeben sind anhand der im Folgenden dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele. In den Figuren zeigen: Other embodiments will be apparent from the embodiments illustrated below. In the figures show:
In
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EP0207825A1 (en) * | 1985-06-06 | 1987-01-07 | AEROSPATIALE Société Nationale Industrielle | Lightning protection material |
US20020081921A1 (en) * | 2000-09-21 | 2002-06-27 | Vargo Terrence G. | Methods and materials for reducing damage from environmental electromagnetic effects |
US20030152766A1 (en) * | 1998-01-30 | 2003-08-14 | Vargo Terrence G. | Oxyhalopolymer protective multifunctional appliques and paint replacement films |
US20100151239A1 (en) * | 2008-12-15 | 2010-06-17 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Surfacing film for composites with barrier layer |
DE102013113718A1 (en) * | 2013-12-09 | 2015-06-11 | Buergofol GmbH | UV and opaque film with high reflection |
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US4448838A (en) * | 1981-09-04 | 1984-05-15 | Lear Fan Corp. | Graphite fiber reinforced laminate structure capable of withstanding lightning strikes |
EP0207825A1 (en) * | 1985-06-06 | 1987-01-07 | AEROSPATIALE Société Nationale Industrielle | Lightning protection material |
US20030152766A1 (en) * | 1998-01-30 | 2003-08-14 | Vargo Terrence G. | Oxyhalopolymer protective multifunctional appliques and paint replacement films |
US20020081921A1 (en) * | 2000-09-21 | 2002-06-27 | Vargo Terrence G. | Methods and materials for reducing damage from environmental electromagnetic effects |
US20100151239A1 (en) * | 2008-12-15 | 2010-06-17 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Surfacing film for composites with barrier layer |
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