DE102015016839A1 - Determination of blood pressure and other vital signs - Google Patents

Abstract

Mobile blood pressure measurement of an object, namely a human or animal body, using a pressure sensor, 1 letter K, for measuring the energetic pulse wave.

Description

The invention relates to the blood pressure measurement of an object, namely a human or animal body, using a pressure sensor for measuring the energetic pulse wave.

The invention can accomplish the task of a mobile and very simple blood pressure measurement by means of pressure sensors and the aid of smart devices with conventional and already known devices.

For example, strain gauges or load cells can be used for blood pressure measurement.

For example, it is important to make the position of the pressure sensors such that a measuring point on the surface of the skin, See 1 Letter O, should not be much larger than a cherry stone and thus on average a square centimeter on the skin for blood pressure measurement by means of pressure sensor is sufficient.

Advantageously, some type of technology, such as an FSR sensor (Force Sensing Resistor), can be used to measure blood pressure. This technology is described in a patent by Interlink and in a variety of publications by the company Interlink accessible to the skilled person on the Internet. This described pressure sensor is also produced by the company Interlink and has been commercially available for many years. The pressure sensor is available in different sizes. The FSR sensors listed below function by applying an electrically conductive paste or substance to the carrier material but above the electrical leads.

In most cases, however, a pressure-sensitive and resistance-conductive film is used, which is applied with a carrier layer to the electrical conductor tracks and connected to each other by means of double-sided adhesive layer. The person skilled in the necessary information is available. The offers of the company "Interlink" to FSR sensors, however, are limited to a pressure-sensitive film that changes its resistance conductivity when exposed to pressures or weights.

All current commercially available pressure sensors are not suitable in their nature and performance directly for use in blood pressure measurement. The pressure sensors are unsuitable on the skin of a human or animal body to measure the blood pressure mobile and without any effort for the user.

Also, the structural environment for the use of pressure sensors for mobile blood pressure measurement is unsuitable. This also applies to the existing FSR sensors.

The invention requires smaller and more specialized designs in your blood pressure measurement application as a solution. Nevertheless, the basic principle of FSR sensors, for example from the company "Interlink", can be used.

The blood pressure at different points of a human or animal body is also visible to the human eye now and then.

In particular, the naked eye can detect in humans the arterial pulse at the A. radialis.

The blood pressure from the heart, thus not only palpable but also visible in the periphery of the human or animal.

This pressure is particularly noticeable on the wrist. Here passes the artery Radialis (See 1 Letter L) under the skin, but close enough to the surface around the cushioning properties of the fabric (See 1 Subparagraph C).

If you look closely, you can usually see a pulsating tissue.

The pulsation is generated by the different pressure of each individual heartbeat.

In the expulsion time of the individual heart rhythms, the pulse wave (See 1 Letter D) generated.

This can be registered peripherally as the first reaction of a successful heartbeat.

However, part of the blood volume is not immediately diverted to the periphery. The Windkessel absorbs a portion of the blood volume and releases this portion within a RR interval until complete emptying, measurable as diastole.

This is done to compensate for pressure peaks and to be able to customize the system to the respective load situations.

Arrived in the periphery, the pressure pulse or the current pulse can be registered.

To measure noninvasive blood pressure, the Riva Rocci method has been used for over 100 years.

The method works by squeezing the artery with the help of an inflatable air sac becomes. Then, controlled and measurable, the uniform pressure load on the artery is released from the outside by opening the airbag.

Now the arterial blood pressure and thus the blood can squeeze through the first opening slits of the passage barrier and towards the periphery, and thus spread again within the open artery. The Riva Rocci / Korotkow method guarantees the well-known tapping, which is now registered.

If a sound of reopened blood flow is detected, systole (See 1 Letter A).

If knocking ceases, the pressure in the arterial vessel is balanced and the pressure of diastole (See 1 Letter B) can be measured.

The invention utilizes the incoming pressure / pressure propagation direction to the surface of the human skin 1 Letter N), here, for example, at the A. Radialis.

The pulsating pressure from the arterial wall (See 1 Letter E) continues to propagate across the tissue (See 1 Letter C) to the surface of the skin. (Please refer 1 Letter O). There, the pulsating pressure / blood pressure, but already damped by the tissue by means of sensory and processing unit registered (see 1 Letter K and H).

The directly measurable pulse pressure has been a proven remedy for medical professionals for centuries, not only in the field of accident care. The type of pulse pressure propagation, 1 Letter N, and the speed of the pulse, 1 Letter M, can give conclusions about the constitution of the measuring person and the felt pulse statement.

The registerable pressure increase is used directly in the invention as a cause for blood pressure measurement.

The pulsating pressure pulse deforms the artery, 1 Letter E, steady in the beat of the beating heart. 1 Letter G On the way to the periphery the pressure pulse is changed by branching, states of the vessels as well as the external and internal load.

Thus, the blood pressure reading is a constantly adapting value to the particular situation of the body.

A pressure sensor as described above is applied to the skin, 1 Letter K and O, placed.

In order to achieve a uniform pressure, a bracelet, 1 Letter I to be used to the wrist as an aid and as a commercial product available.

Thus, a uniform pressure, 1 Letter J on which A. Radialis are exercised.

The outgoing pressure transmitted from the A. radialis to the surface of the skin can already be registered with a simple measurement setup of a pressure sensor between the bracelet and the surface of the skin.

The dynamic pressure pulse of the actual ejection of the heart can be made so visible to everyone by means of the evaluation and imaging unit.

For patients who are invasively connected to a monitor, for example, in the intensive care unit, this invention is invaluable.

However, this reading / reading is heavily influenced by the surrounding tissue.

People with high fat content or moderate expression act as a damper for measuring blood pressure at this point.

A more favorable place would be at the upper dorsum, since here usually little fat is stored.

A limited usability of the invention is in diseased people, for example, by strong water deposits in the legs and especially in the feet.

However, to measure the blood pressure clearly requires a defined back pressure from the outside (See 1 Letter J).

Defined in the case of the invention means any external pressure transferred to the measured artery, for example by means of a bracelet.

The required counter-pressure can, for example, by means of a finger (See 1 Letter J) of the other free hand.

For this purpose, preferably for the invention, a specially prepared and clearly defined for the user surface on the bracelet can be created. This surface is located above the sensor and thus, for example, on the bracelet. Directly below the sensors is the A. Radialis.

For a blood pressure measurement, the user must, for example, lead a finger on the defined surface of the bracelet. A gentle and steadily rising Increasing the pressure on the bracelet, caused by the building pressure of the finger on the marked area, is registered and stored by the system with at least 1000 measurements per second.

The user feels a more perceptible pulsation when gently pressing on the A. Radilais.

This increase in perceptible pulse is not due to an increase in blood pressure but due to the compaction and distribution of the surrounding tissue between the skin surface and the existing tissue above the radial artery.

The pressure sensor measures the increase of the pulsating wave. Like a squeezed out sponge, the tissue pushed together and pushed away gives the pulsating wave, starting from the arterial wall, almost 1 to 1 to the pressure sensor. The insulating capacity of the fabric, 1 Letter C, slackened by the back pressure of Finger or an actor, 1 Letter J, from the outside and thus above the skin, 1 Letter O.

To measure the systole of blood pressure, the back pressure on the artery or pulse wave (See 1 Letter D) and thus beyond the insulation ability out.

The systole becomes measurable at the moment the backpressure continues to increase, but the pulse wave can not produce a maximum increase beyond the maximum measured pressure.

The invention can easily be tested on humans themselves. Before squeezing the A. Radialis completely with the increasing pressure on the radial, there is a temporal moment in which, despite an increase in the back pressure, the pulse pressure does not noticeably increase any further.

This point can be measured by known devices and represents the systole of the blood pressure.

In order to measure the blood pressure beyond doubt, the pulse pressure, for example from the A. Radialis starting simultaneously with the back pressure starting from the user's finger, is advantageously to be measured with at least 1000 measurements per second.

At least 1000 measurements per second are necessary for a medical examination and thus advantageous.

However, the measurement of blood pressure can also be measured at less than 1000 measurements per second.

The invention also provides the solution to generate the back pressure by means of actuator. The advantage is the even increase of the acting back pressure on the artery.

The advantage of using an actuator is the timely cancellation of the measurement, or the back pressure on the artery, before the back pressure squeezes the artery.

Also, therefore, the blood pressure measurement can be done automatically, for example, during the night and gently.

The actuator can, for example, electrically, pneumatically, hydraulically or manually solve by muscle contractions the task of generating the back pressure. The combination of all solutions with each other and against each other allows the application.

The actuator for generating the backpressure may be, for example, a conventional and manufactured in SMD construction electric vibration motor. But also any other actuators can satisfy the buildup of backpressure. This is known to the person skilled in the art.

However, the actuator also has the disadvantage that energy is consumed. This must be calculated in the respective application.

But it is also possible to generate the required back pressure with the forearm muscles by muscle contractions, eg. By opening and closing the hand. Thus, the measurement can be made by one person without the help of a finger of the other hand, or a third party, or even another actor.

A further advantageous invention provides the use of a convex structure, see 3 Letter Q, as a carrier form of the system.

The arterial system is usually protected and secured inside the body. In the extremities often only the veins are clearly visible. The arterial circulation is deeper in the tissue. Only in a few places of the body can arteries be felt in a striking way through the pulsating wave. In order to be able to measure non-visible arteries, the convex structure, 3 Letter Q, an innovative novelty. The convex structure nestles almost exactly in the concave forms of the body, such as the A. Radialis. Placing the convex structure on the concave shape that forms above the radial artery and towards the surface of the skin allows an optimal pulse wave to be registered and stored. The same applies, for example, also for the foot.

In order to be able to correctly place the convex structure, for example in the size of half a pea, the task can be solved with the aid of slidable gliders on a bracelet, for example a watch strap, and also with the aid of straps.

A conventional watch strap has at least one tab, 2 Letter P, for the protruding perforated belt for optimum adjustment of the clock pressure on the wrist. Without a tab, the protruding perforated tape and without inserting into the tab, (eg leather bracelet) would turn away from the shape of the wrist and stick out. The attachment of the blood pressure measuring unit is carried out as follows.

The blood pressure measuring unit is connected to the opening, 3 Letter I, like a flap / tabs, see 2 Letter P, pushed on the bracelet.

The attachment of the Blutdruckmeßeinheit, in a size of, for example. And about 10 × 20 × 8 mm, is guaranteed.

Above the bracelet is, for example, see 3 Letter H, the arithmetic and radio unit and the power supply.

The convex structure with the associated pressure sensor is located below the bracelet. Please refer 3 Letter Q and K.

The blood pressure measuring unit plus the convex structure can measure the blood pressure in this construction with each already used bracelet.

The inventive novelty is thus also in the variable usability of already existing bracelets for watches, jewelry or smart devices.

The tab opening of the Blutdruckmeßeinheit can be made so wide that not only the convex structure on the bracelet can be moved around the wrist, but also with the tab, or within the tab, the convex structure including Blutdruckmeßeinheit, to the hand, or moved away from the hand.

Thus, the invention, for example, to the surface of the skin, easily placed and serve as a mobile solution of blood pressure measurement.

To optimize a better placement of the invention, for example, the measured value can be transferred to a mobile smart device.

Through several tiled pressure sensors, see 1 Letter K, as well 3 The letter K, within the convex image, determines the optimal location for registering the physical pulse wave. A display of the action statement, for example on a smart device, solves the task for the correct placement by means of arrow directions displayed on a screen.

However, it is also possible with a single pressure sensor and without the use of a convex structure to measure the blood pressure.

Regardless of which version is used for which application, the data from the pressure sensor (s) are transferred to an evaluation unit and to an image or sound output by means of recording energy and transmission unit.

Preferred here is the mobile solution such as a smart device, such as a clock or smartphone.

In order to transfer the required electronic components, the skilled person these are known in detail, SMD modules are used to keep the structure small and low in weight. An adapted power supply unit for the respective application solves the task of power supply See also 3 ,

The system can be equipped with a rechargeable battery or a battery, it would also be advantageous to ensure the provision of energy via a smart device, for example a watch or a smartphone, or even within the bracelet of fitness trackers.

Thus, furthermore, the measuring sensor system can also be formed separately in the convex structure and access external units (rake, radio, etc.), for example a smart device.

This division would not only have sizes and energy advantages, since the smart devices already have a complete infrastructure for operation and evaluation.

Tiling as already described offers advantages in detecting the optimal position of the blood pressure measuring unit as well as for measured values in peripheral areas which can give more reliable information on the propagation times and speeds of the pulse wave. For this purpose, all around the pressure sensors are arranged on the convex structure. With this arrangement, the pressure waveform of the pulse wave can be measured without, as well as with a convex structure 3 Letter K shown as a section.

At the same time, the "shutters" of data determinations, by means of cross-over of electrical traces, see this 4 , for faster readout of the pressure sensors.

The tiling of sensors, see 4 , And the crossover circuits of electrical conductors, thus represent a further inventive step.

Claims (17)

Mobile blood pressure measurement of an object, namely a human or animal body, using a pressure sensor, 1 Letter K, for measuring the energetic pulse wave. Blood pressure measurement according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressure sensor may be at least one FSR sensor, which changes its resistance by a pressure applied and applied paste or substance. The pressure sensor may also be a further development of an FSR sensor, which, for example, requires fewer layers and planes than described in the previous patents. As further exemplified pressure sensors also load cells or strain gauges could serve for blood pressure measurement. Blood pressure measurements according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the pressure sensor for measuring the blood pressure on the body of a human or animal body, but advantageously on the hand or wrist, on the finger or on the foot, ankle, neck, chest, neck or forehead acted upon or can be attached. Blood pressure measurements according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pressure sensor for measuring the blood pressure on the human or animal body is attached, attached or acted upon, advantageously by means of clothing such as, sock, stocking, headband, hat, shoe, glove, worn jewelry - and valuables such as rings, bracelets (see 1 Letter I) and watches, watches like Rolex, Tag this year or Swatch, smart bands like Fitbit or Jawbone, smart watches like Apple or LG, or even products for sports and medical purposes such as with a bandage, plaster, ribbon, tape, on Object is attached. Blood pressure measurement according to one of the preceding claims is characterized in that the pressure sensor is expressed or designed as a convex structure. This convex structure serves the pressure sensor for a stronger and more accurate contact pressure on the skin surface. The size of the convex structure is adapted to the measuring location and the size of the pressure sensor (s). The convex structure can be placed flexibly or rigidly according to previous claims in the direction of the skin surface or be pressed or even pressed. Blood pressure measurement according to one of the preceding claims is characterized in that a plurality of pressure sensors for measuring the blood pressure as tiled pressure sensors, also advantageously within the convex structure, are fixed on the skin surface in order to detect / measure the best possible measuring surface for blood pressure measurement. Blood pressure measurement according to one of the preceding claims is characterized in that the tiled pressure sensor surface finds the optimum position of the pressure sensor and after passing information to the user, the user can readjust the measuring surface. Blood pressure measurement according to one of the preceding claims is characterized in that, for example, a bracelet equipped with an advantageous convex structure, located above the measuring sensors, an outwardly directed pressure surface. This pressure surface is used to absorb human energy to simultaneously direct a back pressure on the pulsating arterial vessel. Blood pressure measurement according to one of the preceding claims is characterized in that the back pressure can also be effected with an actuator. This actuator can, for example, electrically, pneumatically, hydraulically, or manually by muscle contractions solve the task, or operated in combinations of anything to produce the required back pressure on the pulsating arterial vessel. Blood pressure measurement according to one of the preceding claims is characterized in that the counter pressure is increased to the pulsating arterial vessel by means of human power or an actuator until the measurement no longer registers a higher physical pressure. Blood pressure measurement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the registered maximum value according to claim 10, the systole, 1 Letter A, represents each measured heartbeat. Blood pressure measurement according to one of the preceding claims is characterized in that the diastole can be determined from the ratio of the measured values of systole 100 percent to diastole x percent. X is the result of the measured resistance value of the dicrotic wave, as well as a difference calculus from systole to diastole. 1 Letter A and B Blood pressure measurement according to one of the preceding claims is characterized in that the resistance value measured from the paste or the substance is advantageously also calibrated in kPa and g. Blood pressure measurements according to one of the preceding claims is characterized in that the different measuring points of the blood pressure allow a characteristic to the central blood pressure. Blood pressure measurement according to one of the preceding claims is characterized in that the blood pressure is also continuously and without the need for the back pressure as a measured value for the blood pressure measurement, is possible. The maximum arterial vessel pressure at the skin surface, plus the measured backpressure, is stored for this purpose. The maximum value measured in this way is now applied to the arterial vessel tissue pressure on the skin surface without, however, subjecting the contact pressure to the same as or equal to the maximum value. The continuous blood pressure measurement is carried out without additional contact pressure, but is set in percentage to the applied maximum value. However, this measured value is temporally volatile. Blood pressure measurement according to one of the preceding claims is characterized in that the measuring sensors are arranged tiled, see 4 and read out crosswise as in a rolling shutter system, see model 4 , can be. This saves electrical lines and the reading of the tiled sensors can be made more variable and therefore more effective and efficient. Blood pressure measurement according to one of the preceding claims is characterized in that the pulse wave transit time measurement and a vessel assessment with more than one pressure sensor is possible. Advantageously, the data are read from the "shutter" similar and crosswise, see 4 ,

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