DE102015015389A1 - Simple gesture recognition device - Google Patents

Abstract

Gesture recognition device (GV) for the simplified recognition of multi-finger gestures in the operation of human-machine interfaces in cooperation with at least one screen (DS) in a motor vehicle by means of a gesture recognition object (O), characterized by, a. in that it comprises at least one proximity sensor (H, D, K) which measures at least one first measured value and determines or calculates a relevant measured value (RM) from the possibly multiple first measured values, comprising a distance value and / or a reflection value and / or a Transmission value of the gesture recognition object (O) is, and b. in that they comprise at least one one-dimensional and / or two-dimensional infrared sensor array (PIRA) with at least two infrared sensors (PIR1 to PIRk) within the infrared sensor array (PIRA) which are each sensitive to the heat radiation of the gesture recognition object (O) and one infrared measurement signal (PIRA) IM1 to IMk), comprises and c. that it comprises at least one optical projection device (L) provided and arranged to at least temporarily project an infrared image of the gesture recognition object (O) onto said infrared sensor array (PIRA), and d. that it comprises an evaluation device (AV) which compares the relevant measured value (RM) with a first threshold (SW1) and e. in that the evaluation device (AV) carries out a gesture recognition method for determining a gesture recognition result on the basis of the at least two infrared measurement signals (IM1 to IMk) provided by the infrared sensor array (PIRA), if the comparison preceding in step d exactly fulfills a first predetermined result of the two following possible results, namely that the relevant measured value (RM) is either below the first threshold (SW1) or above the first threshold (SW1), and in the case of the other result does not perform any gesture recognition or suppressed recognized gestures and f. subsequently to the evaluation device (AV) outputs the gesture recognition result by a signal (32) and / or actuates an actuator in dependence on the gesture recognition result and / or otherwise as the system state of the gesture recognition device (GV) and / or the system state of a device whose part is the Gesture Recognition Device (GV) is, and / or the system state of a device system, part of which is the gesture recognition device (GV), changed.

Description

introduction

The invention relates to a gesture recognition device for the detection of gestures in the room in front of a screen in a motor vehicle. The invention relates in particular to non-contact gestures.

Such gesture recognition devices with this purpose are known in the art. First, the problems with currently available solutions will be discussed briefly.

Gesture recognition based on the Halios system is known, as described, for example, in the following documents:
EP 1913420 B1 . DE 10 2007 005 187 B4 . DE 10 2005045 993 B4 . DE 10 2005 045 993 A1 . DE 10 2012 024 597 B4 . DE 10 2013 013 664 B3 . EP 2 631 674 . EP 2 924 466 . EP 2 924 459 . EP 2 924 460 . EP 1 979 764 B8 . EP 1 979 764 B1 . WO 2008 092 611 A1 . EP 2 679 982 A1 . EP 2 016 480 B1 . EP 2 598 908 A1 . WO 2013 113 456 A1 . EP 2 653 885 A1 . EP 2 405 283 B1 . EP 2 602 635 B1 . EP 1 671 160 B1 . WO 2013 037 465 A1 . EP 1 901 947 B1 . EP 1 747 484 B1 . EP 2 107 550 A3 . EP 1 723 446 B1 . EP 1 435 509 B1 . EP 801 726 B1 . EP 1 269 629 B1 . EP 801 726 B1 . EP 1 480 015 A1 . EP1410507 B1 . DE 10 2005 045 993 B4 . DE 4 339 574 C2 . DE 4 411 770 C1 . DE 4 411 773 C2 . WO 2013 083 346 A1 . EP 2 679 982 A1 . WO 2013 076 079 A1 . WO 2013 156 557 A1 ,

In particular, the following publications describe how an exemplary gesture recognition can be realized with a Halios system:
EP 2 594 023 A1 . EP 2 016 480 B1 . US 2012 0 326 958 A1 . EP 1410 507 B1 . EP 1435 509 B1 . EP 1 258 084 B1 . DE 10 2006 020 570 A1 . DE 10 133 823 A1 . DE 10 2012 010 627 A1 . DE 10 2012 024 778 A1 . DE 10 2012 025 564 A1 DE 10 2013 019 660 A1

1 shows an important usage situation. By spreading the fingers in front of the screen, the system, whose output is on the screen (DS), is made to change a virtual object on the screen. Here it should be enlarged. For this, not only a position of an object, but its structure must be recognized. From the HALIOS GESTURE RECOGNITION such Halios system is known. Such a Halios system has several LEDs as transmitter (H). For the improved resolution several transmitters are necessary. LEDs are currently relatively expensive electronic components, which is why the system becomes more expensive with increasing resolution. Alternatively, 3D TOF cameras or stereo camera systems may be considered that provide an image, with each pixel being assigned depth information. These systems are even more expensive and require significant computing power.

PIR sensor arrays are known from the prior art which are suitable for detecting the movement of a thermally radiating object, for example a user's hand, against a colder background. But you can not distinguish between near and far objects.

Object of the invention

It is the object of the invention to provide a cost-effective method and a cost-effective device which overcome the disadvantages of the prior art.

This object is achieved by a device according to claim 1.

Description of the invention

The description of the invention is based on the figures. If the figures reflect the state of the art, this is mentioned in the text and marked on the relevant figure with the abbreviation SdT.

1 shows, as mentioned, a screen (DS), as it is used in today's car. Typically, it is housed in a housing (GH). In the housing (GH) of the screen (DS) is a proximity sensor array (PIRA). At the same time in the housing (GH) is a distance measuring system in the form of a proximity sensor, here a Halios system with a transmitter (H), a receiver (D) and a compensation transmitter (K), which is associated with the receiver (K). This combined proximity sensor system is now able to solve the task of the invention at a much lower cost than solutions from the prior art. In particular, the use of a Halios system achieves good ambient light robustness, for example against sunlight.

2 shows a conventional Halios system of the prior art, as it finds use in the device according to the invention. The Halios system schematically sketched here has N transmitters (H ₁ to H _N ), of which only the ith transmitter (H _i ) is drawn, as well as M receivers (D ₁ to D _M ), of which only the j -th receiver (D _j ) is drawn. Each receiver is assigned a compensation transmitter of M compensation transmitters (K ₁ to K _M ). It is the j-th transmitter compensation (K _j) are suitable for the j-th receiver (D _j) are shown in the figure. The jth receiver (D _j ) is thus assigned the j th compensation transmitter (K _j ). In the following, the control will be described with reference to the exemplary control circuit concerning the i-th transmitter (H _i ) and the j-th receiver (D _j ). Further control loops for further pairings between transmitters (H _i ) on the one hand and receivers (D _j ) and associated compensation transmitters (K _j ) on the other hand are generally provided, but are not absolutely necessary. The following can be transferred to the other, not drawn control loops. A generator (G _i ) generates a transmission signal (S5 _i ). With this signal, the luminosity, ie the amplitude of the transmitter (H _i ) is modulated. As a result, the i-th transmitter (H _i ) emits an ith optical transmission signal (I1 _i ). This optical transmission signal (I1 _i ) irradiates the object to be detected (O). The object (O) to be detected reflects and / or transmits the optical transmission signals (I1 ₁ to I1 _N ) irradiating the object (O) also in the direction of the jth receiver (D _j ) - and thus also the ith optical transmission signal (I1 _i ) - as a reflected optical transmission signal (I3 _j ). The reflected optical transmission signal (I3 _j) is the j-th receiver (D _j) and received (S0 _j) in the j-th reception signal converted. This is amplified in the jth preamplifier (V _j ) to the amplified received signal (S1j) and typically highpass or bandpass filtered. This is followed by each evaluating pairing of transmitter (H _i ) and receiver (D _j ) in the signal path depending on a synchronous demodulator. This multiplies, by means of an i, j-th multiplier (M _{i, j} ), the i-th transmission signal (S5 _i ) with the amplified j-th reception signal (S1 _j ) to the i, j-th multiplied reception signal (S9 _{i, j} ) , This is then low-pass filtered in the i, j-th filter (F1 _{i, j} ) to the i, j-th filter output (S10 _{i, j} ). Due to the multiplication and the subsequent filtering, a scalar product is mathematically formed between the i-th transmission signal (S5 _i ) and the j-th amplified reception signal (S1 _j ). Thus, the i, j-th filter output signal (S10 _{i, j} ) is quasi the Fourier coefficient associated with the transmission signal (S5 _i ). The j-th amplified received signal (S1 _j ) is thereby mathematically projected onto the i-th transmission signal (S5 _i ). The i, j-th filter output (S10 _{i, j} ) is amplified to the i, j-th amplified filter output (S4 _{i, j} ) by the i, j-th post-amplifier (VN _{i, j} ). In this case, the sign and the frequency and phase response of the amplification is selected so that the result in the later resulting control loop stability. The i, j-th amplified filter output signal (S4 _{i, j} ) is now multiplied by the i-th transmit signal (S5 _i ) in another i, j-th multiplier (M2 _{i, j} ) to the i, j th compensation feed bias signal (S6 _{i, j)} from the transmit signal space of transmission signals (S5 S5 ₁ to _N) in the time domain transformed back. The i, j-th compensation feed advance signals (S6 _{i, j} ) associated with the respective transmit signals (S5 _i ) are combined by N summers (A _{i, j} ) to the j th compensation feed advance signal (S6 _j ) which is only the jth receiver (D _j ) is assigned. A j-th positive offset (B _j ) is typically added to this j th compensation feed advance signal (S 6 _j ) by another adder since an LED can not transmit negative light. The jth compensation feed signal (S3 _j ) is produced. With this jth compensation _supply signal (S3 _j ), the jth compensation transmitter (K _j ) associated with the jth receiver (D _j ) is controlled. This emits a j-th optical compensation transmission signal (I2 _j ) and this now also in the jth receiver (D _j ). The superimposition of the j-th reflected optical transmission signal (I3 _j ) and the j-th optical compensation transmission signal (I2 _j ) takes place in the jth receiver preferably linearly summing. With the correct sign _{selection of} the i, j th post- _amplifiers (VN _1j to V _Nj ), the control loop is stable. In that case, the i, j-th amplified filter output signals (S4 _{i, j} ) represent a matrix of measured values with which the object (O) and / or the transmission path from the transmitter (H _i ) to the object (O) and back to the receiver (D _j) can be evaluated. Analogous methods and devices are known from the prior art, in addition to the amplitude seeks the phase of the compensation transmission signal (S3 _j ) to control. It is also possible instead of the compensation transmitter (D _j ) by means of a regulated compensation transmission signal (S3 _j ) to control the transmitter (H _i ) by means of the transmission signal (H _i ). Mixtures in the form of a two-dimensional control by means of a one-dimensional Relgelkennlinie in the resulting two-dimensional control space are also known.

It is obvious to the person skilled in the art that, instead of the space multiplex described here in N × M units, time division in parts of the signal path is also possible and that parts can be carried out by a data processing system.

3 schematically shows a known from the prior art system of a passive infrared sensor array. It consists of a housing (GHP). The housing is typically filled with an inert gas (SG) or vacuum. An optical window (F) preferably only allows radiation in the inter-exciting infrared range in the interior of the sensor. The actual infrared sensor array (PIRA) is preferably constructed monolithically and comprises a plurality of surface-mounted infrared sensors (PIR ₁ , PIR ₂ , ... PIR _K ). A lens (L), which is transparent to the radiation of interest, images radiating objects (O) onto the infrared sensor array (PIRA). This lens (L) may be in front of the window (F) or between the window (F) and the infrared sensor array (PIRA).

4 shows the exemplary arrangement of several Halios transmitter (H1, H2, H3) and receiver (D1, D2, D3) and the associated compensation transmitter (K1, K2, K3) and two infrared sensor arrays PIRA1, PIRA2) in the vicinity of a screen (DS) in the plan view (FIG. 4a ) and in the side view ( 4b ). According to the invention, the distance and / or reflection amplitude information supplied by the Halios system in the form of the 9 amplified filter output signals (S411 to S433) is used to reliably detect an approach of an object (O), whether animate or inanimate, to the system. In the example of 4 the space is divided vertically into the screen surface in example three distance ranges (I, II, III). At the same time, the sensitivity range of the sensors is typically limited to a range below an upper limit (GO) and above a lower limit (GU). This division creates three sensor areas (SB1, SB2, SB3). If the distance of an object (O) from the screen (DS) is such that a gesture recognition object (O) with which a gesture is executed is in the first sensor area (SB1), for example, a first set of gestures is recognized. If the object (O), ie typically the gesture recognition object (O), is located in the second sensor area (SB2), then a second set of gestures, which may differ from the first set of gestures to be recognized, is detected. The gestures, individual gestures and gesture vocabularies and grammars to be recognized can therefore differ depending on the sensor area. In the third sensor area (SB3) typically no gestures are detected. However, the gesture recognition itself is not necessarily carried out by means of the Halios system but preferably by evaluation of the infrared measurement signals (IM ₁ to IM _k ) of the infrared sensors (PIR ₁ to PIR _k ) of the respective infrared sensor arrays (PIRA ₁ , PIRA ₂ ). , In particular, it is possible with the help of these passive infrared sensors (PIRA ₁ , PIRA ₂ ) to distinguish between live and inanimate objects (O). Thus, a false trip is unlikely.

It is a feature of the gesture recognition device (GV) according to the invention that, in addition to the proximity sensor, which is capable of determining at least one distance of an object (O) from the proximity sensor and / or a screen (DS), it has at least one further sensor which can distinguish between animated and inanimate objects (O). In this case, it is advantageous if the device has an evaluation device (AV) which combines the data of the proximity sensor and the further sensor in such a way that it can recognize only gestures that are executed by animated gesture recognition objects and those that are executed by inanimate gesture recognition objects , basically rated as unrecognized. In this case, for example, the exceeding of an infrared radiation level threshold value by one or more infrared measurement signals (IM ₁ ) and / or one or more signals derived therefrom or a similar process can be evaluated as a criterion for the evaluation.

By way of example, we can assume, for example, that the two exemplary infrared sensor arrays (PIRA ₁ , PIRA ₂ ) each contain 10 infrared sensors (PIR1 to PIR10). This results in 10 · 2 infrared measurement signals (IM _1.1 to IM _2.10 ), which corresponds to a 20-dimensional vector signal. This can of course be combined with the 9 measured value signals of the Halios sensors in the form of the nine amplified filter output signals (S4 ₁₁ to S4 ₃₃ ) to form a 29-dimensional measured value vector. From the DE 10 2012 024 778 A1 For example, a method and apparatus for pure Halios systems is known, such as such a measured value vector (reference numeral 24 of the DE 10 2012 024 778 A1 ) can be assigned to a gesture or a non-gesture and the gesture recognition result in the form of a recognized gesture (reference numeral 22 of the DE 10 2012 024 778 A1 ) or gesture hypothesis list can be output. There are more sensor signals (reference numerals 37 of the DE 10 2012 024 778 A1 ) mentioned. In this case, these are the first measurements of the infrared sensor arrays (PIRA ₁ , PIRA ₂ ).

5 shows a typical detection case: When approaching the hand as a gesture recognition object (O) to the screen (DS) closer than a predetermined and / or set and / or programmed threshold distance (d), the gesture recognition is activated. In this example, the gesture recognition system divides the space in front of the screen into only two sensor areas (SB1 and SB2).

6 shows the inventive method for gesture recognition. In a first step (AM), a distance measurement by means of the Halios sensor system (see description 2 ) is performed to obtain a first measured value (S4) for the distance between the screen (DS) and the gesture recognition object (O) in front of the screen (DS). This usually does not resolve the fingers and typically determines one or at least only a few first measured values (S4 ₁₁ to S4 _{N, M} ). Although at the same time a measurement is also carried out by at least one one-dimensional and / or two-dimensional infrared sensor array (PIRA). The k infrared sensors (PIR ₁ to PIR _K ) of the infrared sensor array deliver at least k infrared measurement signals (IM ₁ to IM _k ). However, these are not yet evaluated in this process step of the distance measurement (AM). An evaluation device (AV) determines with the aid of the N × M first measured values (S4 _1,1 to S4 _{N, M} ) at least one distance of at least one object. In order to keep the costs low, it has proven to be particularly advantageous to N = 1 and M = 1 to choose. Possibly. is selected on the basis of predetermined criteria of one of the measured values (S4 _1,1 to S4 _{N, M} ) as a relevant measured value and / or calculated from the N × M first measured values (S4 _1,1 to S4 _{N, M} ). Such a calculation can be, for example, an averaging. Typically, the evaluation device (AV) has a processing unit with program and data memory, which performs this calculation. The evaluation device (AV) now compares this relevant measured value with a threshold value in a first test step (OJI). If the relevant measured value lies on the value side of the threshold value for which gesture recognition is provided, for example, the statement "object in range 1 "Correctly, the evaluation device (AV) performs the next step (GE) gesture recognition by means of a gesture recognition method based on a feature vector (reference numeral 24 or 37 of the DE 10 2012 024 778 A1 ) consisting of the first measured values (S4) (reference numeral 24 of the DE 10 2012 024 778 A1 ) and the infrared measurement signals (IM ₁ to IM _k ) (reference numeral 37 of the DE 10 2012 024 778 A1 ) by. Such a method is, as already mentioned, from the DE 10 2012 024 778 A1 known. In this step (BG), the evaluation device (AV) determines a gesture recognition result in the form of a known gesture and / or a gesture hypothesis list (reference symbol 22 of the DE 10 2012 024 778 A1 ). A gesture hypothesis list is a list of recognized gestures, typically identified as an indexed list of gesture numbers, in which gesture hypothesis list of each thus recognized and indexed gesture is ranked by its index associated with a gesture recognition probability. A recognized gesture is typically represented by a gesture number. For the non-recognition of gestures, a dummy gesture number is typically also determined which is associated with this case of an unrecognized gesture or an empty gesture hypothesis list. In this last case of non-recognition of a gesture, the evaluation device (AV) typically continues with the determination of the distance (AM). In the other case of a recognized gesture as a gesture recognition result or a non-empty gesture hypothesis list of recognized gestures as a gesture recognition result, this gesture or the gesture hypothesis list is evaluated in the next step (AG) and if necessary actuates an actor in response to the gesture recognition result and / or signaling in dependence on this gesture recognition result in the form of the detected gesture and / or the gesture hypothesis list made. Only after this step (AG) is completed does the apparatus return to the first step (AM), the distance measurement.

7 largely corresponds to the 6 , Now, however, after the distance measurement (AM) step, not only is a check made as to whether the gesture recognition object (O) is in region I (OJI) but also, if this is not the case, if the gesture recognition object (O) is present in Area II is located (OJII). If the gesture recognition object (O) is in region I, ie the test step (OJI) has given a positive result, then in this example a gesture recognition (GE_I) is performed for region I.

If the gesture recognition object (O) is located in area II, d. H. the test step (OJI) has given a negative result and the second test step (OJII) has given a positive result, so in this example a gesture recognition (GE_II) is performed for the area II. In this case, the identifiable by the evaluation device (AV) gestures, so for example the gestures vocabulary, the individual gestures and gesture grammar, in the area I and area II and independently of the methods of detection (eg., Detection using an HMM method vs Detection using a neural network) in the area I and area II.

The method of gesture recognition thus ultimately depends in one embodiment of the invention on one or more of the determined measured values (S4) of the proximity sensor (H, D, K) derived relevant measured value or relevant measured values or the measured values (S4) itself.

In another embodiment, the recognizable gestures, that is to say the gesture vocabulary, depend on one or more of the measured values (S4) of the proximity sensor (H, D, K) derived relevant measured value or relevant measured values or the measured values (S4) itself.

The invention thus relates to a gesture recognition device for the simplified recognition of multi-finger gestures in the operation of human-machine interfaces in interaction with at least one screen (DS) in a motor vehicle. It is characterized in that it comprises at least one proximity sensor (H, D, K) which measures at least one first measured value (S4). A sewing sensor controller (NC) determines or calculates a relevant measured value (RM), which is a distance value and / or a reflection value and / or transmission value of an object (O), preferably of the gesture recognition object (O), outside the gesture recognition device (GV) from first measured value (S4) or possibly several first measured values (S4). Furthermore, it comprises at least one one-dimensional and / or two-dimensional infrared sensor array (PIRA) with at least two infrared sensors (PIR ₁ , PIR ₂ ,... PIR _k ) within the infrared sensor array (PIRA), each sensitive to the heat radiation of a human body are and respectively provide an infrared measurement signal (IM ₁ to IM _k ). In addition, it comprises at least one optical projection device (L). This is inventively provided and arranged, at least temporarily, an infrared image of an infrared beam, which is preferably identical to the gesture recognition object (O) outside the gesture recognition device (GV) on said infrared sensor array (PIRA) and thus on the infrared sensors (PIR ₁ to PIR _k ) to project. An evaluation device (AV) compares the first measured value (S4) or a relevant measured value (RM) calculated from the measured values (S4) or otherwise determined with a first threshold. The evaluation device (AV) typically performs a gesture recognition method based on said k, but at least two infrared measurement signals (IM ₁ to IM _k ) provided by the infrared sensor array (PIRA). However, this only happens if the relevant measured value (RM) is either a) below or b) above the first threshold (SW1). In one realization, the evaluation device (AV) outputs the gesture recognition result by a signal only in exactly one predetermined, set or programmed case of the two aforementioned cases a and b (FIG. 32 ) or operates an actuator depending on the gesture recognition result, or otherwise changes the system state of the gesture recognition device or the system state of a device whose part is the gesture recognition device. Alternatively, the evaluation device (AV) may also change the system state of a device system of which the gesture recognition device is part, depending on the gesture recognition result.

In a further embodiment of the invention, this is characterized in that the evaluation device (AV) a method for gesture recognition not only on the basis of at least two infrared measurement signals (IM ₁ to IM _k ), which performs the infrared sensor array (PIRA), but at the same time also uses at least a first measured value (S4) of the at least one proximity sensor (H, D, K) or a relevant measured value (RM) derived therefrom for this gesture recognition in order to obtain a gesture recognition result and then via its output ( 32 ) to signal).

In a further embodiment of the invention, this is characterized in that the proximity sensor (H, D, K) is a Halios sensor system. In this case, it comprises at least one transmitter (H _i ) in the form of at least one LED, which sends an optical transmission signal ( _I 1 _i ) into the space in front of the screen (DS) in response to a transmitter feed signal (S 5 _i ), and a photodiode ( D _j ), which supplies a received signal (S0 _j ) in response to the optical transmission signal (I 3 _j ) reflected or transmitted by a gesture recognition object (O) or other object (O). The gesture recognition object (O) or other object (O) is located in front of the screen (DS). A proximity sensor control (NC) generates the transmitter supply signal (S5 _i ) and at least one output signal (S4) or a measured value as a function of the received signal (S0 _j ). The output signal (S4) supplies the proximity sensor control (NC) to said evaluation device (AV), whereby the evaluation device (AV) and the proximity sensor control (NC) can form a common device.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the invention is further characterized in that the proximity sensor (H, D, K) at least one compensation transmitter (K _j ) in the form of at least one LED, the optical compensating transmission signal (I 2 _j ) in response to a Compensation feed signal (S3 _i ) supplies. The proximity sensor control (NC) generates compensation feed signal (S3 _i ), wherein the regulatory generation of the transmit signal (S5 _i ) and the compensation feed signal (S3 _j ) takes place such that the receive signal (S0 _j ) no signal components of the compensation feed signal (S3 _i ) and the Transmission signal (S5 _i ) contains more.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the se is characterized in that the infrared sensor array is a one or two-dimensional array of k passive infrared sensors. Here and in the following, k is a positive number greater than or equal to two. A passive infrared sensor (PIR ₁ ) of these passive infrared sensors (PIR ₁ to PIR _k ) is characterized in the sense of this disclosure by the fact that it contains at least one pyroelectric element in each case and that the associated infrared measurement signal (IM _l ) of the relevant passive infrared sensor (PIR _l ) upon infrared irradiation of the pyroelectric element of the respective passive infrared sensor (PIR _l ) changes.

In a further alternative embodiment of the invention, this is characterized in that the infrared sensor array is a thermopile sensor array (TPA) with a one- or two-dimensional arrangement of thermopile sensors (TP ₁ to TP _k ). In this case, a thermopile sensor (TP ₁ ) of these thermopile sensors (TP ₁ to TP _k ) in the sense of this disclosure is characterized in that it contains at least one sensor element as a sub-device of itself, which is provided and set up for this, an electrical voltage as Infrared measurement signal (IM _l ) to produce, the voltage value of which depends on the temperature of the sensor element. Irradiation of the sensor element of the thermopile sensor (TP ₁ ) with infrared radiation changes the temperature of the sensor element of the thermopile sensor (TP ₁ ) in such a way that the voltage generated by the thermopile sensor (TP ₁ ) and thus the associated infrared measurement signal (IM _l ) of the relevant thermopile sensor (TP _l ) changes.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the invention is characterized in that the infrared sensor array is a bolometer array (BA) in the form of a one- or two-dimensional arrangement of bolometers (B ₁ to B _k ). In this case, a bolometer (B _l ) of these bolometers (B ₁ to B _k ) in the sense of this disclosure is characterized in that it contains at least one sensor element which is provided and arranged to have an electrical resistance dependent on its temperature, its resistance value depends on the temperature of the sensor element. Irradiation of the sensor element with infrared radiation changes the temperature of the sensor element of the relevant bolometer (B _l ) in such a way that the electrical resistance of the sensor element changes. Such a sensor element is typically designed to be electrically measured for resistance value in order to generate said infrared measurement signal (IM _l ) of the relevant bolometer (B _l ).

• a. Erfassung mindestens eines relevanten Messwertes für (RM) einen Abstand und/oder die Reflexionsamplitude und/oder eine Transmissionsamplitude eines Gestenerkennungsobjekts (O) außerhalb der Gestenerkennungsvorrichtung (GV) mittels mindestens eines Annäherungssensors (H, D, K);
• b. Projizieren eines Infrarotbilds eines Infrarotstrahles, der vorzugsweise identisch mit dem Gestenerkennungsobjekt (O) außerhalb der Gestenerkennungsvorrichtung (GV) vor dem Bildschirm (DS) ist, auf ein Infrarotsensor-Array (PIRA) mittels mindestens einer optischen Projektionsvorrichtung (L);
• c. Erzeugen von mindestens zwei Infrarotmesssignalen (IM₁ bis IM_k) mittels mindestens eines eindimensionalen und/oder zweidimensionalen Infrarotsensor-Arrays (PIRA) mit mindestens zwei Infrarotsensoren (PIR₁ bis PIR_k) innerhalb des Infrarotsensor-Arrays (PIRA), die jeweils empfindlich für die Wärmestrahlung eines menschlichen Körpers, besser des Gestenerkennungsobjektes (O), sind und jeweils mindestens ein Infrarotmesssignal (IM_l) der Infrarotmesssignale (IM₁ bis IM_k) liefern;
• d. Vergleich des relevanten Messwertes (RM) mit einem ersten Schwellwert (SW1) durch eine Auswertevorrichtung (AV);
• e. Durchführen eines Verfahrens zu Gestenerkennung zur Ermittlung eines Gestenerkennungsergebnisses auf Basis der mindestens zwei Infrarotmesssignale (IM₁ bis IM_k), die das mindestens eine Infrarotsensor-Arrays (PIRA) liefert, wenn der relevante Messwert (RM) entweder unterhalb oder oberhalb der ersten Schwelle (SW1) liegt; (Hier ist es selbstverständlich nur sinnvoll, wenn ausschließlich eine dieser beiden möglichen Vergleichsergebnisse in dem angewandten Verfahren verwendet werden.)
• f. Auswertung des Gestenerkennungsergebnisses durch die Auswertevorrichtung (AV) mittels
• i. Ausgabe des zur Ermittlung eines Gestenerkennungsergebnisses durch Signalisierung über ein Ausgangssignal (32) und/oder
• ii. Bedienung eines Aktors in Abhängigkeit von dem Gestenerkennungsergebnis und/oder
• iii. Veränderung des Systemzustands der Gestenerkennungsvorrichtung, die dieses Verfahren durchführt, in Abhängigkeit von dem Gestenerkennungsergebnis und/oder
• iv. Veränderung des Systemzustands der Vorrichtung, deren Teil die Gestenerkennungsvorrichtung ist, die dieses Verfahren durchführt, in Abhängigkeit von dem Gestenerkennungsergebnis und/oder
• v. Veränderung des Systemzustands eines Vorrichtungssystems, deren Teil die Gestenerkennungsvorrichtung ist, die dieses Verfahren durchführt, in Abhängigkeit von dem Gestenerkennungsergebnis.

The invention thus also relates to a method for distinguishing proximity and two-finger gestures in the recognition of gestures by means of a gesture recognition device in the operation of human-machine interfaces in interaction with at least one screen (DS) in a motor vehicle by means of a gesture recognition object (O). , The method according to the invention comprises the steps:

• a. Detecting at least one relevant measured value for (RM) a distance and / or the reflection amplitude and / or a transmission amplitude of a gesture recognition object (O) outside the gesture recognition device (GV) by means of at least one proximity sensor (H, D, K);
• b. Projecting an infrared image of an infrared ray, which is preferably identical to the gesture recognition object (O) outside the gesture recognition device (GV) in front of the screen (DS), to an infrared sensor array (PIRA) by means of at least one optical projection device (L);
• c. Generating at least two infrared measurement signals (IM ₁ to IM _k ) by means of at least one one-dimensional and / or two-dimensional infrared sensor array (PIRA) with at least two infrared sensors (PIR ₁ to PIR _k ) within the infrared sensor array (PIRA), each sensitive to the heat radiation of a human body, better of the gesture recognition object (O), are and each provide at least one infrared measurement signal (IM _l ) of the infrared measurement signals (IM ₁ to IM _k );
• d. Comparison of the relevant measured value (RM) with a first threshold value (SW1) by an evaluation device (AV);
• e. Carrying out a gesture recognition method for determining a gesture recognition result on the basis of the at least two infrared measurement signals (IM ₁ to IM _k ) which supplies the at least one infrared sensor array (PIRA) if the relevant measured value (RM) is either below or above the first threshold ( SW1) is located; (Of course, it makes sense only if only one of these two possible comparison results is used in the method used.)
• f. Evaluation of the gesture recognition result by the evaluation device (AV) by means of
• i. Output of the determination of a gesture recognition result by signaling via an output signal ( 32 ) and or
• ii. Operation of an actuator as a function of the gesture recognition result and / or
• iii. Change the system state of the gesture recognition device that performs this method, depending on the gesture recognition result and / or
• iv. Changing the system state of the device, part of which is the gesture recognition device that performs this method, depending on the gesture recognition result and / or
• v. Changing the system state of a device system, part of which is the gesture recognition device that performs this method, in response to the gesture recognition result.

In a further embodiment of the method, this method for determining a gesture recognition result additionally comprises carrying out a sub-procedure for gesture recognition on the basis of the at least two infrared measurement signals (IM ₁ to IM _k ) that supplies the infrared sensor array (PIRA), taking into account at least the relevant one Measured value (RM) for this gesture recognition.

• a. Erzeugen mindestens eines amplitudeN,Modulierten Senderspeisesignals (S5_i);
• b. Erzeugen mindestens eines amplitudeN,Modulierten Kompensationsspeisesignals (S3_i);
• c. Erzeugen eines optischen Sendesignals (I1_i), das von dem Senderspeisesignal (S5_i) abhängt;
• d. Erzeugen eines optischen Kompensationssendesignals (I2_j), das von dem Kompensationsspeisesignal (S3_j) abhängt;
• e. Reflexion des optischen Sendesignals (I1_i) an dem Objekt (O) zur Erzeugung eines reflektierten optischen Sendesignals (I3_j)
• f. linear überlagerndes Empfangen des reflektierten optischen Sendesignals (I3_j) und des optischen Kompensationssendesignals (I2_j) in mindestens einer Fotodiode (D_j) zur Erzeugung eines der Fotodiode (D_j) zugeordneten Empfangssignals (S0_j);
• g. wobei die Erzeugung des Sendesignals (S5_i) und des Kompensationsspeisesignals (S3_i) so mittels eines Regelwertes erfolgt,
• i. dass das Empfangssignal (S0_j) keine Signalanteile des Kompensationsspeisesignals (S3_i) und des Sendesignals (S5_i) mehr enthält und
• ii. dass die mittlere Amplitude und/oder die Phase des Senderspeisesignals (S5_i) und/oder Kompensationsspeisesignals (S3_j) proportional von einem Regelwert (S4) abhängt;
• h. Verwendung des Regelwerts (S4) als ersten Messwert oder Erzeugen eines relevanten Messwertes (RM) in Abhängigkeit von dem Regelwert (S4);

In a further embodiment of the invention, a method is used which additionally comprises the following steps:

• a. Generating at least one amplitude N, modulated transmitter feed signal (S5 _i );
• b. Generating at least one amplitude N, modulated compensation feed signal (S3 _i );
• c. Generating an optical transmission signal (I1 _i ) which depends on the transmitter supply signal (S5 _i );
• d. Generating an optical compensation transmission signal (I2 _j ) which depends on the compensation supply signal (S3 _j );
• e. Reflection of the optical transmission signal (I1 _i ) on the object (O) for generating a reflected optical transmission signal (I3 _j )
• f. linear overlying receiving the reflected optical transmission signal (I3 _j) and the optical compensation transmission signal (I2 _j) in at least one photodiode (D _j) for generating a photodiode (D _j) associated with the received signal (S0 _j);
• G. wherein the generation of the transmission signal (S5 _i ) and the compensation supply signal (S3 _i ) is effected by means of a control value,
• i. that the received signal (S0 _j ) no longer contains signal components of the compensation supply signal (S3 _i ) and of the transmission signal (S5 _i ), and
• ii. that the mean amplitude and / or the phase of the transmitter supply signal (S5 _i ) and / or compensation supply signal (S3 _j ) depends proportionally on a control value (S4);
• H. Using the control value (S4) as the first measured value or generating a relevant measured value (RM) as a function of the control value (S4);

Another possible variant of the method is characterized in that the infrared sensor array (PIRA) is a one- or two-dimensional array of passive infrared sensors (PIR ₁ to PIR _k ). A passive infrared sensor (PIR ₁ ) of these passive infrared sensors (PIR ₁ to PIR _k ) is characterized in that it contains at least one pyroelectric element and that the associated infrared measurement signal (IM _l ) of the respective passive infrared sensor (PIR _l ) when infrared radiation of the pyroelectric element changes.

A further variant of the method according to the invention is characterized in that the infrared sensor array is a thermopile array (TPA) of a one- or two-dimensional arrangement of thermopile sensors (TP ₁ to TP _k ). A thermopile sensor (TP ₁ ) is characterized in that it contains at least one sensor element which is provided and arranged to generate an electrical voltage as an infrared measurement signal (IM ₁ ) whose voltage value depends on the temperature of the sensor element. Irradiation of the sensor element with infrared radiation changes the temperature of the sensor element in such a way that the electrical voltage generated by the thermopile sensor element and thus the infrared measurement signal (IM ₁ ) of the relevant thermopile sensor (TP ₁ ) changes.

A further variant of the method is characterized in that the infrared sensor array is a bolometer array (BA) in the form of a one- or two-dimensional arrangement of bolometers (B ₁ to B _k ). For the purposes of this disclosure, a bolometer ( _B1 ) is characterized in that it contains at least one sensor element which is provided and arranged to have an electrical resistance dependent on its temperature, the resistance value of which depends on the temperature of the sensor element. Irradiation of the sensor element with infrared radiation changes the temperature of the sensor element so that the electrical resistance of the sensor element changes. The sensor element in this case is therefore intended to be measured electrically with regard to the resistance value, in order to generate said relevant infrared measurement signal (IM ₁ ).

Advantages of the invention

The invention makes it possible to construct, with the aid of less inexpensive components, a gesture recognition system capable of recognizing a two-finger gesture. The cost is below that of a comparable system according to the DE 10 2012 024 778 A1 , Also, the system is less expensive than a true 3D TOF camera or system based on a stereo camera.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

32

Output signal of the evaluation device (AV). It may be a digital or analog single signal, but also a bus of such signals. With this signal, the evaluation device signals the gesture recognition result to subsequent devices. This can also be a screen display or another representation by means of another output unit.

A _{i, j}

i, j-th adder (1≤i≤N) (1≤j≤M)

AG

Execution of the gesture. For example, actuation of an actuator and / or signaling to the outside, etc.

AT THE

distance measurement

AV

evaluation

B ₁

first partial bolometer of the bolometer array BA

B _l

l-th partial bolometer of the bolometer array BA

B _j

j-th partial bolometer of the bolometer array BA

B _k

k-th partial bolometer of the bolometer array BA

BA

Bolometer array. This is an embodiment of the infrared sensor array.

B _j

jth offset (1≤j≤M)

BG

Test step on a known gesture

d

Threshold distance separating area I from area II.

DS

screen

F

optical window

F1 _{i, j}

i, j-th filter (with 1 ≤ i ≤ N and 1 ≤ j ≤ M)

GE

Gesture recognition step

GH

Housing of the screen

GHP

Housing of the Infratot sensor array

G _i

i-ter of N signal generators. It may also be just a signal generator that generates N different transmit signal (S5 _i ). For the nature of the signals reference is made to the literature mentioned in the text. (1≤i≤N)

GV

Gesture recognition device

H ₁

first transmitter, typically an infrared LED

H _i

i-th transmitter, typically an infrared LED (1 ≤ i ≤ N)

H _N

Nth transmitter, typically an infrared LED

I1 ₁

first optical transmission signal emitted by the first transmitter (H ₁ ).

I1 _i

i-tes optical transmission signal, which is emitted by the i-th transmitter (H _i ). (1≤i≤N)

I1 _N

Nth optical transmission signal radiated by the Nth transmitter (H _N ).

I2 ₁

first optical compensation transmission signal

I2 _j

j-th optical compensation transmission signal (1≤j≤M)

I2 _M

M-th optical compensation transmission signal

I3 ₁

first reflected optical transmission signal which is the superimposition of the optical transmission signals (S1 ₁ to S1 _N ) modified by the object (O) by reflection and / or transmission incident on the first receiver (D ₁ ).

I3 _j

j-th reflected optical transmission signal, which is the superposition of the optical transmission signals (S1 ₁ to S1 _N ) modified by the object (O) by reflection and / or transmission incident on the jth receiver (D _j ). (1≤j≤M)

I3 _M

M-th reflected optical transmission signal, which is the superposition of the optical transmission signals (S1 ₁ to S1 _N ) modified by the object (O) by reflection and / or transmission incident on the Mth receiver (D _M ).

IN ₁

first infrared measurement signal

IM _j

j-th infrared measurement signal (1 ≤ j ≤ k)

IM _l

l-th infrared measurement signal (1 ≤ l ≤ k)

IM _k

k-tes infrared measurement signal

K ₁

first compensation transmitter

K _y

j-th compensation transmitter

K _M

M-th compensation transmitter

M1 _{i, j}

i, j-th multiplier

M2 _{i, j}

another i, j-th multiplier

NC

Proximity sensor control

O

object to be detected

OJI

Object in area I

Ojii

Object in area II

PIR ₁

first infrared sensor of an infrared sensor array (PIRA)

PIR ₂

second infrared sensor of an infrared sensor array (PIRA)

PIR _j

j-th Infrared Sensor of an Infrared Sensor Array (PIRA) (1 ≤ j ≤ k)

PIR _l

l-th infrared sensor of an infrared sensor array (PIRA) (1 ≤ l ≤ k)

PIR _K

k-th infrared sensor of an infrared sensor array (PIRA)

PIRA

Infrared sensor array

PIRA ₁

first infrared sensor array

PIRA ₂

second infrared sensor array

RM

Relevant measured value. The relevant measured value is determined by the proximity sensor control (NC) by selection and / or calculation from the typically N × M measured values (S4) of the proximity sensor (H _i , D _j , K _j ) (with 1 ≤ i ≤ N and 1 ≤ j ≤ M) generated.

SdT

State of the art

S0 ₁

first received signal

S0 _j

j-th receive signal (1 ≤ j ≤ M)

S0 _M

M-th reception signal

S1 ₁

first amplified received signal

S1 _j

j-th receive signal (1 ≤ j ≤ M)

S1 _M

M-tes amplified received signal

S3 ₁

first compensation feed signal

S3 _j

j-th compensation compensation signal (1 ≤ j ≤ M)

S3 _M

M-tes compensation feed signal

S4 _{i, j}

i, j-tes amplified filter output (1 ≤ i ≤ N) (1 ≤ j ≤ M)

S5 _M

Mth transmission signal

S5 _i

ith send signal (1 ≤ i ≤ N

S5 _N

Nth transmission signal

S6 _{i, j}

i, j-tes compensation feed advance signal (1≤i≤N) (1≤j≤M)

S6 _j

j-th compensation feed advance signal (1≤i≤N) (1≤j≤M)

S9 _{i, j}

i, j-th multiply received signal (1≤i≤N) (1≤j≤M)

S10 _{i, j}

i, j-th filter output signal (1≤i≤N) (1≤j≤M)

SG

Inert gas or vacuum

SW ₁

first threshold, which may be predetermined and / or adjusted and / or programmed

TPA

Thermopile array as a special form of the infrared sensor array

TP ₁

first thermopile as part of the Thermopile Array (TPA)

TP _l

l-th Thermopile as part of the Thermopile Array (TPA) (1 ≤ l ≤ k)

TP _k

k-tes Thermopile as part of the Thermopile Array (TPA)

V ₁

first preamp

V _j

j-th preamplifier (1 ≤ j ≤ M)

V _M

M-th preamp

VN _{i, j}

i, j-th post-amplifier (1 ≤ i ≤ N) (1 ≤ j ≤ M)

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• EP 1913420 B1 [0003]
• DE 102007005187 B4 [0003]
• DE 102005045993 B4 [0003, 0003]
• DE 102005045993 A1 [0003]
• DE 102012024597 B4 [0003]
• DE 102013013664 B3 [0003]
• EP 2631674 [0003]
• EP 2924466 [0003]
• EP 2924459 [0003]
• EP 2924460 [0003]
• EP 1979764 B8 [0003]
• EP 1979764 B1 [0003]
• WO 2008092611 A1 [0003]
• EP 2679982 A1 [0003, 0003]
• EP 2016480 B1 [0003, 0004]
• EP 2598908 A1 [0003]
• WO 2013113456 A1 [0003]
• EP 2653885 A1 [0003]
• EP 2405283 B1 [0003]
• EP 2602635 B1 [0003]
• EP 1671160 B1 [0003]
• WO 2013037465 A1 [0003]
• EP 1901947 B1 [0003]
• EP 1747484 B1 [0003]
• EP 2107550 A3 [0003]
• EP 1723446 B1 [0003]
• EP 1435509 B1 [0003, 0004]
• EP 801726 B1 [0003, 0003]
• EP 1269629 B1 [0003]
• EP 1480015 A1 [0003]
• EP 1410507 B1 [0003, 0004]
• DE 4339574 C2 [0003]
• DE 4411770 C1 [0003]
• DE 4411773 C2 [0003]
• WO 2013083346 A1 [0003]
• WO 2013076079 A1 [0003]
• WO 2013156557 A1 [0003]
• EP 2594023 A1 [0004]
• US 20120326958 A1 [0004]
• EP 1258084 B1 [0004]
• DE 102006020570 A1 [0004]
• DE 10133823 A1 [0004]
• DE 102012010627 A1 [0004]
• DE 102012024778 A1 [0004, 0016, 0016, 0016, 0016, 0018, 0018, 0018, 0018, 0018, 0036]
• DE 102012025564 A1 [0004]
• DE 102013019660 A1 [0004]

Claims (7)

Gesture recognition device (GV) for the simplified recognition of multi-finger gestures in the operation of human-machine interfaces in cooperation with at least one screen (DS) in a motor vehicle by means of a gesture recognition object (O), characterized by, a. in that it comprises at least one proximity sensor (H, D, K) which measures at least one first measured value and determines or calculates a relevant measured value (RM) from the possibly multiple first measured values, comprising a distance value and / or a reflection value and / or a Transmission value of the gesture recognition object (O) is, and b. in that they comprise at least one one-dimensional and / or two-dimensional infrared sensor array (PIRA) with at least two infrared sensors (PIR ₁ to PIR _k ) within the infrared sensor array (PIRA), each sensitive to the heat radiation of the gesture recognition object (O) and one each Infrared measurement signal (IM ₁ to IM _k ) supply, includes and c. that it comprises at least one optical projection device (L) provided and arranged to at least temporarily project an infrared image of the gesture recognition object (O) onto said infrared sensor array (PIRA), and d. that it comprises an evaluation device (AV) which compares the relevant measured value (RM) with a first threshold (SW1) and e. in that the evaluation device (AV) carries out a gesture recognition method for determining a gesture recognition result on the basis of the at least two infrared measurement signals (IM ₁ to IM _k ) supplied by the infrared sensor array (PIRA) if the comparison preceding in step d is exactly one Predetermined result of the following two possible results, namely that the relevant measured value (RM) is either below the first threshold (SW1) or above the first threshold (SW1), and in the case of the other result performs no gesture recognition or recognized gestures suppressed and f. then the evaluation device (AV), the gesture recognition result by a signal ( 32 ) and / or operates an actuator depending on the gesture recognition result and / or otherwise the system state of the gesture recognition device (GV) and / or the system state of a device of which the gesture recognition device (GV) is part and / or the system state of a device system, whose part is the gesture recognition device (GV), changed. Gesture recognition device (GV) according to claim 1, characterized g. that the evaluation device (AV) instead of feature e of claim 1, a gesture recognition method for determining a Gestureserkennungsergebnisses based on the at least two infrared measurement signals (IM ₁ to IM _k ), which provides the infrared sensor array (PIRA), and at the same time based on at least a relevant measured value (RM) of the at least one proximity sensor (NC) if the comparison preceding in step d results in exactly one first predetermined result of the following two possible results, namely that the relevant measured value (RM) is either below the first threshold (SW1) is above or above the first threshold (SW1), and in the case of the other result, does not perform gesture recognition or rejects recognized gestures. Gesture recognition device (GV) according to claim 1 or 2 characterized in that a. in that the proximity sensor (H, D, K) comprises at least one transmitter (H _i ) in the form of at least one LED, which supplies an optical transmission signal (I1 _i ) in response to a transmitter supply signal (S5 _i ), and a photodiode (D _j ), which supplies a received signal (S0 _j ) in response to the optical transmission signal (I3 _j ) reflected at an object (O) and comprises a proximity sensor control (NC) which generates the transmitter feed signal (S5 _i ) and at least one output signal in the form of a control signal (S4 _{i, j} ) or generates a measured value as a function of the received signal (S0 _j ) and supplies it to the evaluation device (AV), whereby the evaluation device (AV) and the proximity sensor control (NC) can form a common sub-device. Gesture recognition device (GV) according to claim 3, characterized in that a. in that the proximity sensor (H, D, K) supplies at least one compensating transmitter (K _j ) in the form of at least one LED which supplies an optical compensating transmission signal (I 2 _j ) in response to a compensating feed signal (S _{3 j} ), and the proximity sensor controller (NC) outputs the compensation sensed signal (S3 _j ) is generated, wherein the regulatory generation of the transmission signal (S5 _i ) and the compensation feed signal (S3 _j ) in response to the control signal (S4 _{i, j} ) is such that the received signal (S0 _j ) no signal components of the compensation feed signal (S3 _j ) and the transmission signal (S5 _i ) contains more. Gesture recognition device (GV) according to one or more of claims 1 to 4 characterized in that a. in that the infrared sensor array (PIRA) is a one or two-dimensional array of passive infrared sensors (PIR ₁ to PIR _k ), whereby a passive infrared sensor (PIR ₁ ) of these passive infrared sensors (PIR ₁ to PIR _k ) thereby is characterized in that it contains at least one pyroelectric element and that the associated infrared measurement signal (IM _l ) of this passive infrared sensor (PIR _l ) upon infrared irradiation of the pyroelectric element of this passive infrared sensor (PIR _l ) changes. Gesture recognition device (GV) according to one or more of claims 1 to 4 characterized in that a. the infrared sensor array (TPA) is a one-dimensional or two-dimensional arrangement of thermopile sensors (TP ₁ to TP _k ), a thermopile sensor (TP ₁ ) of these thermopile sensors (TP ₁ to TP _k ) being characterized in that in that it contains at least one sensor element which is provided and arranged to generate an electrical voltage as an infrared measurement signal (IM ₁ ) of the relevant thermopile sensor (TP ₁ ) whose voltage value depends on the temperature of the sensor element and in that irradiation of the sensor element of the relevant thermopile sensor (TP _l ) with infrared radiation, the temperature of the sensor element of the respective thermopile sensor (TP _l ) changes so that the generated electrical voltage of the sensor element of the relevant thermopile sensor (TP _l ) and thus the infrared measurement signal (IM _l ) of the sensor element of the relevant thermopile sensor (TP _l ) changes. Gesture recognition device (GV) according to one or more of claims 1 to 4, characterized b. in that the infrared sensor array (BA) is a one-dimensional or two-dimensional arrangement of bolometers (B ₁ to B _k ), wherein a bolometer (B _l ) of these bolometers (B ₁ to B _k ) is characterized in that it contains at least one sensor element , which is provided and adapted to have a temperature-dependent electrical resistance whose resistance value depends on the temperature of the sensor element of the bolometer in question (B _l ) and that irradiation of the sensor element of the relevant bolometer (B _l ) with infrared radiation, the temperature of the sensor element of the relevant bolometer (B _l ) changes such that its electrical resistance changes and that it is intended to be electrically measured with respect to the resistance value to generate said infrared measurement signal (IM _l ) of the relevant bolometer (B _l ) ,

Images