DE102015011950B4 - Charging system, comprising a vehicle that can be moved on a floor and a receiving part arranged on the floor, and a method for operating a system for the inductive transmission of electrical energy from a primary coil to a secondary winding - Google Patents

Abstract

Charging system, comprising a vehicle that can be moved on a floor and a receiving part (1) arranged on the floor, the vehicle having a secondary winding which can be inductively coupled to a primary coil (2) for the transmission of electrical power from the primary coil (2) to the vehicle, the vehicle having a wheel (8), the primary coil (2) being received in the receiving part (1) and the receiving part (1) having an insertion slot (16), the wheel (8) being insertable into the insertion slot (16). ,a stop (12) for the wheel (8) being formed at the insertion slot (16),wherein the insertion slot (16) does not extend through the receiving part (1),an angle plate (14) is fastened to the frame (3) of the vehicle with the angle plate (14) being arranged between an adapter (7) and the frame (3) and the housing of the adapter (7) being screwed to the frame (3), the secondary winding being separated from the angle plate by means of spacing means (14) is spaced apart, and/or that the secondary winding is held by the angle plate (14), the angle plate (14) having a recess through which an electrical line is passed, which is connected on the one hand to the secondary winding and on the other hand to the adapter (7 ) is electrically connected.

Description

The invention relates to a charging system, comprising a vehicle that can be moved on a floor and a receiving part arranged on the floor, and a method for operating a system for the inductive transmission of electrical energy from a primary coil to a secondary winding.

It is generally known that electrical power can be transmitted via a transformer, ie in particular inductive, coupling.

From the DE 10 2013 020 525 A1 a charging system for a vehicle with an energy storage device is known as the closest prior art.

From the U.S. 8,937,454 B2 an inductive charging system for an electric vehicle is known.

From the EP 0 788 212 A2 a charging system for an electric car is known.

The object of the invention is therefore to achieve the highest possible degree of efficiency in an inductive charging system.

According to the invention, the object is achieved with the charging system according to the features specified in claim 1 and with the method according to claim 11 .

Important features of the invention in the charging system, comprising a vehicle that can be moved on a floor and a receiving part arranged on the floor, are that the vehicle has a secondary winding which can be inductively coupled to a primary coil for the transmission of electrical power from the primary coil to the vehicle,
wherein the vehicle has a wheel, in particular a wheel that can be steered by a steering unit,
wherein the primary coil is accommodated in the receiving part and the receiving part has an insertion slot,
wherein the wheel is insertable into the insertion slot.

The advantage here is that a high level of efficiency can be achieved, since the secondary winding can be positioned as precisely as possible over the primary coil and the inductive coupling is therefore designed to be as strong as possible.

Another advantage is that the secondary winding is lifted with the wheel in the event of unevenness or disturbing objects on the floor, thus protecting the secondary winding.

In an advantageous embodiment, the insertion slot extends parallel to the traversing plane formed by the floor. The advantage here is that the wheel of the vehicle can be moved into the insertion slot and the secondary winding can be positioned exactly relative to the primary coil. This is because the width of the insertion slot in the direction of the axis of rotation of the wheel narrows as the wheel is increasingly inserted into the insertion slot. Thus, as the vehicle enters the slot, it is positioned more and more accurately until the wheel touches the stop located at the end of the entry slot.

According to the invention, a stop for the wheel is formed on the insertion slot, in particular at the end of the insertion slot. The advantage here is that the vehicle can be positioned exactly and the stop can be formed by appropriate shaping of the receiving part. The receiving part can thus be designed as an injection molded part and has the stop in a one-piece and one-piece manner. The receiving part has a recess for receiving the primary coil.

According to the invention, the insertion slot is not formed continuously through the receiving part. The advantage here is that the wheel rests against the end of the insertion slot and precise positioning can therefore be achieved.

In an advantageous embodiment, a sensor for detecting the wheel is arranged on the receiving part, in particular on the insertion slot of the receiving part. The advantage here is that after the wheel has been detected, the energization of the primary coil can be recorded. Thus, only when the wheel is inserted is a relevant magnetic field generated by the primary coil, which is then passed through the secondary winding.

In an advantageous embodiment, the primary coil is arranged to the side of the insertion slot, ie in particular in the direction transverse to the slot direction of the insertion slot. The advantage here is that the primary coil is arranged laterally and thus not in the direction of travel on the receiving part. Viewed in the direction of travel, the primary coil is thus located on the side, ie in the transverse direction, next to the insertion slot. In this way, a very compact design of the receiving part in the direction of travel is made possible.

In an advantageous embodiment, the primary coil and/or the secondary winding is designed as a flat winding, in particular as a flat winding
and or
the primary coil and the secondary winding are aligned parallel to each other, in particular and are spaced from each other, so in particular an air gap between the primary coil and secondary winding is arranged. The advantage here is that a high level of efficiency can be achieved, since the magnetic field generated by the primary coil penetrates as completely as possible through the surface area wrapped by the secondary winding. For this purpose, the area wrapped by the secondary winding and the area wrapped by the primary coil are the same size or differ by less than 10%.

According to the invention, an angle plate is attached to the frame of the vehicle, the angle plate being arranged between an adapter and the frame and the housing of the adapter being screwed to the frame. The advantage here is that a simple attachment is executable and the frame of the vehicle does not have to be adapted to the inductive loading. Vehicles can therefore be converted in a simple manner from charging by means of cables to charging by means of inductive coupling.

According to the invention, the secondary winding is spaced from the angle plate by means of spacer means, in particular spacer bolts,
and/or that the secondary winding is held by the angle plate, in particular is screw-connected to the angle plate. The advantage here is that the losses generated by eddy currents can be kept small.

In an advantageous embodiment, the width of the insertion slit measured in the direction transverse to the direction of the slit of the insertion slit decreases monotonically in the direction of the slit, ie in particular with increasing slit depth. The advantage here is that the wheel can be easily and quickly threaded into the insertion slot.

In an advantageous embodiment, the axis of rotation of the wheel is aligned perpendicularly to the direction of the slot when the wheel is inserted into the insertion slot. The advantage here is that it can be easily inserted into the slot. Since the receiving part rests on the floor, the wheel only has to move further on the floor and enter the insertion slot.

According to the invention, the angle plate has a recess through which an electrical line is guided, which is electrically connected to the secondary winding on the one hand and to the adapter plate on the other hand. The advantage here is that as short and protected a space as possible can be provided for the line.

In an advantageous embodiment, the secondary winding is attached to a first area of the angle plate and the angle plate is connected to the frame of the vehicle in a second area of the angle plate,
a bending area of the angle plate being arranged between the first area and the second area, in particular the bending area being designed with a bend of 90°. The advantage here is that the secondary winding does not have to be attached directly to the frame, but even a vertical surface on the frame can be used for attaching the angle plate and the secondary winding can still be attached to a horizontal surface.

In an advantageous embodiment, a capacitance is connected to the secondary winding in series or in parallel in such a way that the resonant frequency of the resonant circuit formed in this way essentially corresponds to the frequency of the alternating current impressed on the primary coil. The advantage here is that a high level of efficiency can be achieved.

In an advantageous embodiment, an alternating current is applied to the primary coil from a medium-frequency current source, the frequency of which is between 10 and 1000 kHz. The advantage here is that high power levels can be transmitted in a simple manner, in particular power levels between 0.1 kW and 100 kW.

• (i) nach Detektion des Fahrzeuges zunächst die Primärspule mit einem Wechselstrom beaufschlagt wird,
• (ii) In einem nachfolgenden Verfahrensschritt die von der Primärspule abgegebene Leistung bestimmt wird,
• (iii) In einem weiter nachfolgenden Verfahrensschritt nach Überschreiten eines vorgegebenen Schwellwertes durch die bestimmte Leistung und/oder bei Erreichen eines vorgegebenen Wertebereichs durch die bestimmte Leistung die Primärspule mit einem stärkeren Wechselstrom beaufschlagt wird.

Important features of the method are that it is intended to operate a system for the inductive transmission of electrical energy from a primary coil to a secondary winding for an aforementioned charging system,
wherein a sensor for detecting the vehicle is provided and

• (i) after detection of the vehicle, the primary coil is first charged with an alternating current,
• (ii) In a subsequent method step, the power output by the primary coil is determined,
• (iii) In a subsequent method step, after the specific power has exceeded a predefined threshold value and/or when the specific power has reached a predefined value range, the primary coil is subjected to a stronger alternating current.

The advantage here is that in the event of false triggering of the sensor, no dangerously high current flow is triggered, but only when the secondary winding is sufficiently inductively coupled to the primary coil and the intended transmission can therefore be carried out.

• In der 1 ist ein auf einem Boden verfahrbares Fahrzeug und ein am, insbesondere auf dem, Boden angeordnetes Aufnahmeteil 1 in Schrägansicht gezeigt.
• In der 2 ist die vom Aufnahmeteil 1 aufgenommene Primärspule 2 und die am Fahrzeug mittels Winkelblech 14 befestigte Sekundärwicklung 5 in Schrägansicht gezeigt.
• In der 3 ist zusätzlich zur 2 ein Rad 8 und das Aufnahmeteil 1 in Schrägansicht gezeigt, wobei das Rad 8 des Fahrzeugs im Einführschlitz 16 des Aufnahmeteils 1 sich befindet.
• In der 4 sind das Fahrzeug und das Aufnahmeteil 1 in Schrägansicht gezeigt.
• In der 5 ist eine Draufsicht auf das in den Einführschlitz 16 des Aufnahmeteils 1 eingefahrene Rad 8 gezeigt.

The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to figures:

• In the 1 a vehicle that can be moved on a floor and a receiving part 1 arranged on the floor, in particular on the floor, are shown in an oblique view.
• In the 2 the primary coil 2 received by the receiving part 1 and the secondary winding 5 attached to the vehicle by means of angle plate 14 are shown in an oblique view.
• In the 3 is in addition to 2 a wheel 8 and the receiving part 1 are shown in an oblique view, the wheel 8 of the vehicle being located in the insertion slot 16 of the receiving part 1.
• In the 4 the vehicle and the receiving part 1 are shown in an oblique view.
• In the 5 a top view of the wheel 8 inserted into the insertion slot 16 of the receiving part 1 is shown.

As shown in the figures, the vehicle can be moved along a travel surface formed by the ground by means of the wheel 8 and other wheels. A receiving part 1 is arranged on the floor, which has an insertion slot 16 which is aligned parallel to the essentially flat travel surface. The insertion slot 16 is designed on the receiving part 1 in such a way that the slot is arranged open to the environment and is not designed to be continuous through the receiving part 1 .

The wheel 8 of the vehicle can thus be moved into the insertion slot 16 until it hits a stop 12 arranged there at the end of the insertion slot 16 .

The insertion slot 16 also has insertion bevels 11 so that the threading of the wheel 8 into the insertion slot 16 can be carried out in an improved manner. The insertion bevels 11 are designed in such a way that the slot width of the insertion slot 16 decreases monotonously, coming from the surroundings, ie with increasing slot depth.

A sensor 10 is arranged at the edge of the slot, with which the wheel 8 can be detected after it has entered the insertion slot 16 .

The insertion slot 16 divides the receiving part 1 into two areas connected via a yoke area. In the first area of the receiving part, the primary coil 2 is arranged, which is preferably designed as a planar winding and/or flat winding.

A secondary winding 5 is arranged on the underside of the vehicle and can be inductively coupled to the primary coil 2 .

The secondary winding 5 has a capacitance connected in parallel and/or in series, so that the resonant frequency of the resonant circuit formed in this way essentially corresponds to the frequency of the alternating current impressed on the primary coil 2 .

The secondary winding 5 is also designed as a preferably planar winding and/or flat winding and is aligned parallel to the primary coil 2 . In this case, the primary coil 2 is accommodated and held in the receiving part 1, in particular connected in a materially bonded manner.

The secondary winding 5 is held at a distance from the angle plate 14 by means of spacer bolts 13 arranged between the secondary winding 5 and an angle plate 14, the coil carrier of the secondary winding 5 being screwed to the angle plate 14.

The angle plate 14 is designed as a stamped and bent part. The area of the angle plate 14 to which the secondary winding 5 is screw-connected is connected to a further area of the angle plate 14 via an intermediate bending area. The other area is screwed to the frame 3 of the vehicle, in that the housing of an adapter plate 7 is screwed to the frame 3, with the other area being arranged between the adapter plate 7 and the frame 3.

So if the vehicle with the wheel 8 enters the insertion slot 16 and this entry is thus detected by the sensor 10, the energization of the primary coil 2 is started and electrical power is thus transmitted inductively to the secondary winding 5, so that an energy store of the vehicle can be charged , from which not only the electronic circuit, but also the drive in the subsequent movement of the vehicle can be supplied.

The vehicle is positioned by means of the wheel 8 resting against the stop 12 in such a way that the vertical projection of the secondary winding in the travel plane is encompassed or at least overlapped by the area that is covered by the vertical projection of the primary coil 2 in the travel plane.

The wheel 8 is rotatable by a steering unit so that the orientation of the wheel 8 is variable in contrast to one or other wheels of the vehicle.

The primary coil 2 can be supplied by means of the lines 4, that is to say it can be charged with the current generated by an electronic circuit. The line Gen 4 also include lines for signals from sensor 10.

The connection lines 6 connect the secondary winding to the adapter controller 7, which at its output provides a voltage that is matched to the voltage to be made available to the consumer. In particular, the adapter controller 7 includes a DC/DC converter for this purpose.

An air gap is always arranged between the primary coil 2 and the secondary winding 5, so that contact between the vehicle and the receiving part, with the exception of the wheel 8, is prevented.

As in 1 shown, the vehicle drives into the insertion slot 16 in the direction of travel 15 .
The direction of travel 15 is parallel to the direction of the slot, in particular to the direction in which the slot extends.

The receiving part 1 is preferably made of wood or plastic. However, other materials that are electrically insulating and can be shaped accordingly can also be used.

Thus, concrete can also be used for the receiving part 1 instead of plastic.

By means of the one-sided arrangement of the primary coil 2, the receiving part 1 can be made very compact in the direction of travel 15, ie in the direction of the insertion slot 16.

After detection of the arrival of the vehicle, ie the arrival of the wheel 8 in the insertion slot 16, the primary coil 2 is admittedly initially charged with the alternating current. However, a predetermined first value for the amplitude of the alternating current is maintained, ie not exceeded. The power emitted by the primary coil 2 is determined and monitored to determine whether it is within a permitted value range, in particular above a predetermined threshold value. If this is within the permitted range of values, it can be concluded that there is no false triggering by persons or devices, and nominal operation for charging is then started, i.e. such an alternating current is impressed into the primary coil 2 whose amplitude has a second value where the second value is greater than the first value.

Reference List

1

recording part

2

primary coil

3

chassis of the vehicle

4

Cables for electrical sensor signals and for supplying the primary coil 2

5

secondary winding

6

connection lines

7

Adapter controller, especially for adjusting the voltage

8th

Wheel, in particular castor

9

Air gap between primary coil 2 and secondary winding 5

10

sensor

11

lead-in bevel

12

attack

13

standoffs

14

angle plate

15

driving direction

16

insertion slot

Claims (11)

Loading system, comprising a vehicle that can be moved on a floor and a receiving part (1) arranged on the floor, wherein the vehicle has a secondary winding which can be inductively coupled to a primary coil (2) for the transmission of electrical power from the primary coil (2) to the vehicle, the vehicle having a wheel (8), wherein the primary coil (2) is accommodated in the receiving part (1) and the receiving part (1) has an insertion slot (16), wherein the wheel (8) can be inserted into the insertion slot (16), whereby a stop (12) for the wheel (8) is formed on the insertion slot (16), wherein the insertion slot (16) is not formed continuously through the receiving part (1), an angle plate (14) is attached to the frame (3) of the vehicle, the angle plate (14) being arranged between an adapter (7) and the frame (3) and the housing of the adapter (7) being screwed to the frame (3 ), the secondary winding being spaced from the angle plate (14) by spacer means, and/or that the secondary winding is held by the angle plate (14), wherein the angle plate (14) has a recess through which an electrical line is guided, which is electrically connected on the one hand to the secondary winding and on the other hand to the adapter (7). charging system after claim 1 , characterized in that the insertion slot (16). extends parallel to the traversing plane formed by the floor. Loading system according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a sensor (10) for detecting the wheel (8) is arranged on the receiving part (1). Charging system according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the primary coil (2) is arranged to the side of the insertion slot (16). Charging system according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the primary coil (2) and/or the secondary winding is designed as a flat winding and/or that the primary coil (2) and the secondary winding are aligned parallel to one another. Loading system according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the width of the insertion slot (16), measured in the direction transverse to the slot direction of the insertion slot (16), decreases monotonically in the slot direction. Loading system according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the axis of rotation of the wheel (8) is aligned perpendicular to the direction of the slot when the wheel (8) is inserted into the insertion slot (16). Charging system according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the secondary winding is attached to a first area of the angle plate (14) and the angle plate (14) is connected to the frame (3) of the vehicle in a second area of the angle plate (14). , A bending area of the angle plate (14) being arranged between the first area and the second area. Charging system according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a capacitance is connected in series or parallel to the secondary winding such that the resonant frequency of the resonant circuit thus formed corresponds to the frequency of the alternating current impressed on the primary coil (2). Charging system according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the primary coil (2) is supplied with an alternating current from a medium-frequency current source, the frequency of which is between 10 and 1000 kHz. Method for operating a system for the inductive transmission of electrical energy from a primary coil (2) to a secondary winding for a charging system according to at least one of the preceding claims, whereby a sensor (10) is provided for detecting the vehicle and (i) after the vehicle has been detected, the primary coil (2) is first charged with an alternating current, (ii) In a subsequent method step, the power output by the primary coil (2) is determined, (iii) In a subsequent method step, after the specific power exceeds a predefined threshold value and/or when the specific power reaches a predefined value range, the primary coil (2) is subjected to a stronger alternating current.

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